Definitions for Unit 2: Part 1

Interphase (Growth Phase)

G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase
Mitosis

Cytokinesis
Cell Plate
Centriole
Centromere
Chromatid
Chromatin
Chromosomes
Spermatids
Homologous Chromosomes
Cleavage Furrow
Cytoplasm
Daughter Cells
DNA
Nuclear Envelope
Sister Chromatids
Spindle
Cells
Somatic Cells
Gonads
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Single Stranded Chromosomes
Double Stranded Chromosomes
Mutations
Mutagen
Cancer
Radiation Therapy
Chemotherapy
Genetic Continuity
Genetic Variability
Prophase I
Metaphase I

Cell Plate

Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Reduction Division
Crossing Over
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogonium
Primary
Sperm
Oogenesis
Oogonium
Primary Oocyte
Polar Body
Egg
Stem Cells
Embryonic Stem
Adult Stem Cells
Therapeutic Cloning
Cell-based Therapies

 A disc like structure in the plane of the equator of the spindle that
separates the two sets of chromosomes during cytokinesis; also
involved in the formation of cell wall between the two daughter cells
following cell division

Centriole
Short, cylindrical organelles found in animal cells and made up of
mircotubules

Centromeres

 Organelle located near the nucleus that organizes the cells

microtubules and helps coordinate the even distribution of cell
components when cells divide; in animal cells, contains a pair of
centrioles

Chromatids
A chromatid is one-half of two identical copies of a replicated
chromosome. During cell division, the identical copies are joined
together at the region of the chromosome called the centromere

Chromatin
The long fibres that form chromosomes and contain DNA, RNA, and
various proteins

Chromosomes
A chromosome is packaged and organized chromatin consisting of
DNA, protein and RNA. The main information-carrying macromolecule
is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many
genes, and other elements

Cleavage Furrow
A groove formed from the cell membrane in a dividing cell as the
contractile ring tightens

Cytoplasm

 The cytoplasm is that part of the cell between the cell membrane and
the nuclear envelope. It is the jelly-like substance in a cell that contains
the organelles among other things but not including the nucleus

Daughter Cells
The two cells produced during mitosis of the parent cell

DNA
Nucleic acid consisting of long chains of individual nucleotides, each of
which is composed of the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate
group, and the nitrogenous base adenine, guanine, cytosine, or
thymine

Nuclear Envelope

 The double-layered membrane that envelopes the nucleus of a

eukaryotic cell, separating the contents of the nucleus from the
(cytoplasm)

Sister Chromatids
Two structures in a chromosome that are genetically identical, which
are held together by a centromere

Spindles

 Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material
in a cell. The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in
a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nuclear
division: mitosis and meiosis