FORMULA SHEET EE4FJ4

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
sin( A B) sin A cos B cos A sin B
cos( A B ) cos A cos B sin A sin B
2sin A sin B cos( A B ) cos( A B )
2sin A cos B sin( A B) sin( A B )
2cos A cos B cos( A B ) cos( A B)
sin A sin B 2sin[( A B ) / 2]cos[( A B) / 2]
sin A sin B 2cos[( A B) / 2]sin[( A B) / 2]
cos A cos B 2cos[( A B ) / 2]cos[( A B) / 2]
cos A cos B 2sin[( A B) / 2]sin[( A B ) / 2]
sin 2 A (1 cos 2 A) / 2
cos 2 A (1 cos 2 A) / 2
sin 2 A 2sin A cos A 2 tan A / (1 tan 2 A)
cos 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A 1 2sin 2 A 2cos 2 A 1

DERIVATIVES OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

(const.) 0
( x ) 1
( x k ) kx k 1

( e ) e
(a x ) a x ln a
(ln x) 1 / x
x

1
, a 1, x 0
x ln a
(sin x) cos x
(cos x) sin x
1
(tan x)
, x (2k 1)
cos 2 x
1
(cot x) 2 , x k
sin x
1
(arcsin x)
,| x | 1
1 x2
(arccos x ) (1 x 2 ) 1/2 , | x | 1
(log a x)

1
1 x2
1
(arc cot x)
1 x2
(sinh x) cosh x
(cosh x) sinh x
1
(tanh x)
1 tanh 2 x
cosh 2 x
1
(coth x)
1 coth 2 x
sinh 2 x
1
(arcsinh x)
1 x2
1
(arccosh x)
, x 1
x2 1
1
(arctanh x)
,| x | 1
1 x2
1
(arccoth x)
,| x | 1
1 x2
(arctan x)

BASIC INTEGRALS OF ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

x n dx

x n 1
, n 1
n 1

dx
ln x
x
dx
cos2 x tan x
cot xdx ln sin x

ax

e x dx e x , a x dx ln a
sin xdx cos x ,
cos xdx sin x

dx

dx

cos x ln tan 2 4

dx

sin 2 x cot x
tan xdx ln cos x

sin x ln tan 2

SOME INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

1

(a 2 x 2 )3/2 dx a 2
x

(a 2 x 2 )3/2 dx

x
a2 x2
1

a2 x2
x

x2
(a 2 x 2 )3/2 dx a 2 x 2 ln x a 2 x 2
x3
a2
2
2
dx

(a 2 x 2 )3/2
a2 x2
1

a 2 x 2 dx a arctan a
a 2 x 2 dx 2 ln a 2 x 2
x

1
1 ax
x
2a ln a x a arctanh a ,| x | a
1

x 2 a 2 dx 1
arccoth x
,| x | a

a
a
x
a 2 x 2 dx a 2 x 2

continued
Page 4 of 7

FORMULA SHEET EE4FJ4

xdx

(a bx cx 2 )3/2

2(2a bx)
a bx cx

, 4ac b 2

0
2

1
a 2 x 2 dx 2 x a 2 x 2 a 2 ln x a 2 x 2
1
a 2 x 2 dx ln( x a 2 x 2 )
1
1 a (a 2 x 2 )1/2
dx

ln

x a2 x2
a
x

sin mx sin nx dx / 2,
0

mn
mn0

cos mx cos nx dx / 2,

mn
mn0

, m n even number
0

sin
mx

cos
nx
dx

2m

m 2 n 2 , m n odd number
0

, mn
mn0

sin mx cos nx dx 0

0
2

ax b dx a a 2 ln | ax b |
x

, mn
mn0

cos mx cos nx dx ,

a 2 x 2 dx 0.5 x a 2 x 2 a 2 arcsin( x / | a |)

a 2 x 2 dx 0.5 x a 2 x 2 a 2 ln x a 2 x 2

2
x dx
0.5 x a 2 x 2 a 2 arcsin( x / | a |)

2
2
a x

sin mx sin nx dx ,

(a b cos x)

/ a, a b 0
0, b a 0

(a 2 b2 2ab cos x) dx

(ax b)2 dx a 2 ln | ax b | ax b

x sin(ax)dx [sin(ax) ax cos(ax)] / a 2

x cos(ax)dx [cos(ax) ax sin(ax)] / a 2
sinh(ax)dx a 1 cosh(ax) ,
cosh(ax)dx a 1 sinh(ax)
arcsinh( x / a)dx x arcsinh( x / a) x 2 a 2

VECTOR IDENTITIES

x arccosh( x / a ) x 2 a 2 , if arccosh( x / a ) 0
arccosh(
x
/
a
)
dx

x arccosh( x / a ) x 2 a 2 , if arccosh( x / a ) 0

n n n 1
( A ) A A
( A B) B A A B
( A ) A A
( A B) A B B A ( B ) A ( A )B
( A B ) A ( B ) B ( A ) ( A ) B ( B ) A

Note: A Ax Ay Az
x
y
z

dx

(ax 2 b)

fx 2 g

x ag bf
1
arctan
b fx 2 g
b ag bf

SOME DEFINITE INTGERALS

,(ag bf )

A ( B C) C ( A B ) B ( C A )
A ( B C) B( A C) C( A B)

( )
/ ( ) / 2

Page 5 of 7
continued

FORMULA SHEET EE4FJ4

2
A 0
0
A A 2 A

DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENTS
Cartesian coordinates
dl dxa x dya y dza z ; ds dydza x dxdza y dxdya z ; dv dxdydz
Cylindrical coordinates
dl d a d a dza z ; ds d dza d dza d d a z ;
dv d d dz
Spherical coordinates
dl dra r rd a r sin d a ;
ds r 2 sin d d ar r sin drd a rdrd a ; dv r 2 sin drd d

COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS
Rectangular Cylindrical
x cos
( x 2 y 2 )1/2
y sin
arctan( y / x)
zz

zz

Rectangular Spherical
r ( x 2 y 2 z 2 )1/2
x r sin cos
y r sin sin
arccos[ z / ( x 2 y 2 z 2 )1/2 ]
z r cos
arctan( y / x)
Cylindrical Spherical
r sin
r ( 2 z 2 )1/2


z r cos
arccos[ z / ( 2 z 2 )1/2 ]

Rectangular Components Spherical Components

ax ar sin cos a cos cos a sin
a y ar sin sin a cos sin a cos
az ar cos a sin
ar ax sin cos a y sin sin az cos
a ax cos cos a y cos sin az sin
a ax sin a y cos
Note: and are the position angles of the observation point.
Cylindrical Components Spherical Components
a ar sin a cos ar a sin az cos
a a
a a cos a z sin
az ar cos a sin a a
Note: is the position angle of the point at which the vector exists.
SOME CONSTANTS
0 8.854187 1012 F/m, or 0

0 4 107 H/m; g 9.8 m/s2 (Earth acceleration)

ELECTROMAGNETIC EQUATIONS
Maxwells equations (differential form)
E

B
D
; H
E Jc ; D ; B 0
t
t

Coaxial line
2
C1

ln(b / a )

, F/m; L1

C1

2
h

ln 1
r

Parallel-plate Line

Note: is the position angle of the observation point.

C1

az az

0
2

b
ln 0 , H/m
a 8

Twin-lead line

VECTOR TRANSFORMATIONS
Rectangular Components Cylindrical Components
ax a cos a sin a ax cos a y sin
a y a sin a cos a ax sin a y cos
az az

1
109 F/m
36

Page 6 of 7

h
h
ln 1 H/m
r

r
2

F/m; L1

w
h
, L1
h
w

continued

FORMULA SHEET EE4FJ4

DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS
Rectangular Coordinates

ax
ay
az
x
y
z
F Fy Fz
F x

x
y
z

1 2
1


1
2

sin

r 2 r r r 2 sin
r 2 sin 2 2
2 F 2 Fr 2
1 2 Fr cot Fr
2 F 2r
2 Fr 2
2

r r r
r 2
r
r

2 Fr 2 F 2cot
1
2 F
2

F 2
r
2
2
2
r sin
r
r
r sin
2 F 2 F
F
1 2 F cot F

2
r r r 2 sin 2 r 2 2
r
r
2

F Fy
Fy Fx
F F
F z

ax x z a y
az

z
x
y
z
y
x
2 2 2
( ) 2 2 2 2
x
y
z

1
2 F
2cot F
2 F
2 r 2
2
2
2
r sin
r r sin

2 F 2 F
F
1 2 F cot F

2
r r r 2 sin 2 r 2 2
r
r

2 F a x 2 Fx a y 2 Fy a z 2 Fz

Cylindrical Coordinates

a
a
az

z
1
1 F Fz
F

( F )

z

2 F
1
2 Fr 2cot F
2

2
2
2
r sin
r sin r 2 sin

1 Fz F
F Fz
1 ( F ) 1 F
F

a
a
az

z



z

1 1 2 2
( ) 2

2 2 z 2

dB to Np conversion
dB 20log10 e Np

20
Np
ln10

THE END

Spherical Coordinates

1
1
ar
a
a
r
r
r sin
1
1

1 F
F 2 ( r 2 Fr )
( F sin )
r r
r sin
r sin

F
1
1 1 Fr
( rF ) a
( F sin ) a r

r sin
r sin r

F
1
+ ( rF ) r a

r r

Page 7 of 7