CONCEPTS IN DISASTER

MANAGEMENT
ACEC YASHADA

CONCEPTS IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
LET US UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS
BEFORE WE START STUDYING
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE
NATIONAL VISION AS WELL AS THE
PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE FIELD
THE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
ALSO NEEDS TO BE UNDERSTOOD

TERMINOLOGY
DISASTER
A SERIOUS DISRUPTION OF THE
FUNCTIONING OF A SOCIETY,
CAUSING WIDESPREAD HUMAN,
MATERIAL, OR ENVIRONMENTAL
LOSSES WHICH EXCEED THE
ABILITY OF THE AFFECTED
SOCIETY TO COPE USING ITS OWN
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RESOURCES.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
A PLANNED APPROACH FOR
THE PREVENTION OF DIS
ASTER, PREPAREDNESS AN
D RESPONSE TO DISASTER
S, AND RECOVERY FOLLOW
ING DISASTERS
.
4

WHY DISASTER MANAGEMENT ?

TO MINIMIZE DEATHS AND
LOSSES.
MINIMUM LEVEL OF
PREPAREDNESS & PLANNING CAN
DO IT.
WITHOUT IDENTIFICATION OF RISK
& VULNERABILITY, ONLY
KNOWLEDGE OF HAZARDS IS OF
NO USE
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NORMAL PROCEDURES ARE

Definitions
Risk is defined as the frequency of an event
happening and its impact
A Hazard is a physical or human-made event that
can potentially trigger a disaster.
Vulnerability is Susceptibility to harm of those at
risk
Capacities are the qualities & resources of
community ( or individual) to anticipate, cope
with, resist & recover from the impact of hazards

Risk

H
x
V

C
=

H = Hazards - Potentiality of a physical

event that may cause loss of life or property
R = Risks - Probability of harmful
consequences or losses
V = Vulnerabilities - Factors or processes physical, social, economic, and
environmental - which increase susceptibility
of an area or a community to damage and
lossC = Capacities - Strengths and
resources available within a community,
society or organization that can reduce the
level of risk, or the effects of a disaster.

VIOLENCE BASED
War, Armed Conflict,
Physical Assaults etc.

NATURE BASED
Earthquakes,
Droughts, Floods,
Cyclones etc.

DETERIORATION
BASED
Environmental
Degradation,
Declining Health,
Education & other
Social services.

H
A
Z
A
R
D
S

FAILING
INDUSTRIALLIZED
SOCIETY BASED
Fire, Gas leakage,
Transport Collisions
etc.

Awareness
Generation
Early Warning

Vulnerability
Assessment &
Analysis

Information,
Interpretation

Risk Analysis

Hazard
Assessment &
Analysis

Prevention

Preparedness
Mitigation

Risk
Identificati
on

R=HXV/
C

Hazard,
Vulnerability
Capacity
Assessment
Consequence
s&
Likelihood
hence level
of the Risk

Risk
Analysis

Nature of
Impact on
Elements at
Risk
Range of potential
losses & damages
& how these could
occur
Assessment of
capacities &

Risk
Evaluati
on

Risk
Prioritization
& Decision
Making

1. Ranking of most
vulnerable
Communities
2. Make decision about
strategies to be
followed

Prevention & Mitigation Measures

HAZARD

Preventive Measures
Mitigation Measures

VULNERABLITY
Vul. To
Hazard

% of Area

Earthquake

57%

Droughts

68%

Cyclones

08%

Floods

12%
12

TYPES OF DISASTERS
FLOODS & DRAINAGE
MGT., CYCLONES,
TORNADOES &
HURRICANES,
HAILSTORM, CLOUD
BURST, HEAT WAVE &
COLD WAVE, SNOW
AVALANCHES,
DROUGHTS, SEA
EROSION AND THUNDER
& LIGHTNING.

SUB GROUP I

WATER &
CLIMATE
RELATED
DISASTERS

SUB GROUP II

LANDSLIDES, MUDFLOWS,
GEOLOGICALLY
EARTHQUAKES, DAM
RELATED
FAILURES / DAM BURSTS
DISASTERS
AND MINE FIRES.

SUB GROUP III

CHEMICAL,
INDUS., &
NUCLEAR
RELATED

THE CHEMICAL AND

INDUSTRIAL & NUCLEAR
DISASTERS HAVE
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BEEN

TYPES OF DISASTERS
(CONTD)
SUB GROUP IV

ACCIDENT
RELATED
DISASTERS

FOREST / URBAN
FIRES, MINE
FLOODING, OIL
SPILL, MAJOR
BLDG. COLLAPSE,
SERIAL BOMB
BLASTS ETC.

SUB GROUP V

BIOLOGICALLY
RELATED
DISASTERS

BIOLOGICAL
DISASTER &
EPIDEMICS, PEST
ATTACKS, CATTLE
EPIDEMICS &
FOOD POISONING
ETC.

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Major Phases of Disaster Management Cycle.

Disaster
impact

Preparedness

Mitigation

Prevention

Response

Recovery

Development

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DM CONTINUUM

EXPAND CONTRACT MODEL OF DM

Causal Factors of Disaster

Population
Growth

Poverty

DISASTER
Lack of
Information

Rapid
Urbanization
Environmentall
Degradation

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POVERTY
LACK OF RESOURCE
BASES,
SUPPORT SYSTEM,
INSURANCE
OPPORTUNITIES
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LACK OF INFORMATION
CENTRALIZED INFORMATION IS
HELPFUL ONLY FOR A CERTAIN
RANGE OF THE POPULATION,
PARTICULARLY GOVERNMENT.
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE IN
EVACUATION, FIRST AID,
RESCUE ETC.
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ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
DESTRUCTION OF
MANGROVE SWAMPS IN
COASTAL AREAS.
CONSTRUCTION OF HUGE
DAMS DESTRUCTING VAST
AREA OF FOREST.
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RAPID URBANISATION
EVERYBODY WANTS TO SETTLE
IN URBAN AREA. HIGH RATES
CANT ACCOMMODATE EVERY
CLASS OF PEOPLE. IT RESULTS
IN GROWTH OF SLUMS,
UNPLANNED CONSTRUCTION
WITHOUT REGULATIONS.
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POPULATION
GROWTH
EFFECT ON THE
PEOPLE LIVING IN
CROWDED AREAS.
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PARADIGM SHIFT IN DISASTER

MANAGEMENT
R
I
S
K
M
A
N
A
G
E
M
E
N
T

PREPAREDNESS

DISASTER
S

RESPONSE

RELIEF

MITIGATION

REHABILITATION

PREVENTION
DEVELOPMENT

RECONSTRUCTION

C
R
I
S
I
S
M
A
N
A
G
E
M
E
N
T

NATIONAL VISION
TO BUILD A SAFER AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA
BY DEVELOPING A HOLISTIC, PROACTIVE, MULTI
DISASTER AND TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN STRATEGY FOR
DISASTER MANAGEMENT THROUGH COLLECTIVE
EFFORTS OF ALL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND NON
GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS.
SAFER AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA
HOLISTIC, PROACTIVE, MULTI DISASTER AND TECHNOLOGY
DRIVEN STRATEGY
COLLECTIVE EFFORTS OF ALL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND
NON GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

CABINET COMMITTEE ON
MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL CALAMITIES
NATIONAL CRISIS
MANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE

GOVT OF INDIA
NDMA

NEC

CABINET
COMMITTEE ON
SECURITY
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

MHA
MINISTRIES &
DEPARTMENTS OF
GOVT OF INDIA

SDMAs

NATIONAL DISASTER
MITIGATION RESOURCE
CENTRES
NATIONAL DISASTER
RESPONSE FORCE

DISTTs

CORPORATE SECTOR

DDMAs

PROFESSIONAL
BODIES

STATE GOVTs

ARMED FORCES

SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL

INSTITUTIONS

ACADEMIC
INSTITUTIONS

LOCAL BODIES

COMMUNITY

NGOs

DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT

2005

THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005

IT WAS ENACTED UNDER

THE CONCURRENT LIST OF THE

CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
THE ACT COMPRISES 79 SECTIONS AND 11 CHAPTERS
DEFINES DISASTER AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN ITS NEW
CONCEPT
IT PROVIDES FOR THE PRE-REQUISITE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM
FOR MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PLANS
ENSURES MEASURES BY VARIOUS WINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR
THE PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OF DISASTERS
IN TUNE WITH THE PARADIGM SHIFT, THE STATE GOVERNMENTS
HAVE BEEN ADVISED TO AMEND THEIR RELIEF CODES
THE ACT PROVIDES FOR A NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
AUTHORITY (NDMA)
.

THE STATE GOVERNMENTS SHALL CREATE STATE DISASTER

MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES AND DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT

SALIENT FEATURES.

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 2AUTHORITY.

CHAPTER 3AUTHORITY.
CHAPTER 4AUTHORITY.
CHAPTER 5-

CHAPTER
CHAPTER

CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER

( S1-S2)PRELIMINARY
( S3-S13)- NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
( S14-S24) STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
( S25-S34) DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT

( S35-S40) MEASURES BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR

DISASTER MANAGEMENT.
6 - ( S41)
LOCAL AUTHORITIES.
7- (S42- S 43) NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT
INSTITUTE.
8- (S44- S 45) NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE.
9 (S46- S 50) FINANCE, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT.
10 (S51- S60) OFFENCES AND PENALTIES.
11 (S61- S 79) MISCELLANEOUS

PENAL PROVISIONS (SEC 51-60)

SECTION 51:
PUNISHMENT FOR OBSTRUCTION AND/OR NONCOMPLIANCE OF THE DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE
CENTRAL / STATE GOVT, NEC, SEC, DDMA:

UPTO ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR

FINE OR BOTH.

IF SUCH OBSTRUCTION RESULTS IN LOSS OF

LIVES OR IMMINENT DANGER THEREOF :
IMPRISONMENT MAY EXTEND TO TWO YEARS.

PUNISHMENT FOR FALSE CLAIM FOR OBTAINING RELIEF,

ASSISTANCE ETC.

SECTION 52:

TWO YEARS IMPRISONMENT WITH

FINE.

PUNISHMENT FOR MISAPPOPRIATION OF

MONEY OR MATERIALS
SECTION 53:

TWO YEARS IMPRISONMENT AND

FINE.

PUNISHMENT FOR FALSE WARNING

SECTION 54:

ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE.

OFFENCES BY DEPARTMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT

SECTION 55:

IN CASE OF AN OFFENCE BY THE

GOVT DEPARTMENT, THE HEAD OF
THE DEPARTMENT TO BE HELD
GUILTY UNLESS HE PROVES
OTHERWISE
ANY OTHER OFFICER FOUND
GUILTY TO BE PROCEEDED
AGAINST AND PUNISHED

REFUSAL TO PERFORM ANY DUTY BY ANY

GOVT.
OFFICER

SECTION 56:

ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE.

PENALTY FOR CONTRAVENTION OF ANY ORDER

OF REQUISITIONING

SECTION 57:

ONE YEAR IMPRISONMENT OR FINE

OR BOTH

Thanks!
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