SCIENCE 5 QUIZ BEE REVIEWER

It is the smallest living part of our body and

the building block of all living matter.
Answer: Cell
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small
room") is the basic structural, functional, and
biological unit of all known living organisms.
Cells are the smallest unit of life that
can replicate independently, and are often
called the "building blocks of life". The study
of
cells
is
called cell
biology.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)
He first discovered cell in 1665 when he
observed a sliced cork under a microscope.
Answer: Robert Hooke
What are microscopes?
Answer:
Microscopes are instruments that we use to
see things that cannot be seen by the naked
eye.
A microscope (from
the Ancient Greek: , mikrs,
"small"
and , skopen, "to look" or "see") is
an instrument used to see objects that are
too small for the naked eye. The science of
investigating small objects using such an
instrument
is
called microscopy. Microscopic means
invisible to the eye unless aided by a
microscope.
There are many types of microscopes. The
most common (and the first to be invented)
is the optical microscope, which uses light to
image the sample. Other major types of
microscopes
are
the electron
microscope (both the transmission electron
microscope and
the scanning
electron
microscope), the ultramicroscope, and the
various types of scanning probe microscope.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope
What do you call those powerful high
technology microscopes that can see even
the tiniest structures inside cells?
Answer: Electron Microscopes
An electron microscope is a microscope that
uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a
source
of
illumination.
Because
the
wavelength of an electron can be up to
100,000 times shorter than that of visible
light photons, the electron microscope has a
higher resolving
power than
a light
microscope and can reveal the structure of
smaller objects. A transmission electron
microscope
can
achieve
better
than
50 pm resolution and magnifications of up to
about 10,000,000x whereas most light
microscopes are
limited
by diffraction to
about
200 nm resolution
and
useful
magnifications below 2000x.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_micros
cope
1 | Science 5 Reviewer

This surrounds every animal cell which keeps

the outside in and the outside out, except for
things that a cell needs in order to grow and
stay alive.
Answer: Cell Membrane
The cell membrane (plasma membrane) is a
thin
semi-permeable
membrane
that
surrounds
the cytoplasm of
a cell.
Its
function is to protect the integrity of the
interior of the cell by allowing certain
substances into the cell, while keeping other
substances out. It also serves as a base of
attachment for the cytoskeleton in some
organisms and the cell wall in others. Thus
the cell membrane also serves to help
support the cell and help maintain its shape.
http://biology.about.com/od/cellanatomy/ss/c
ell-membrane.htm
These are the three most important functions
of a cell.
Answer: Reproduction, Differentiation and
Metabolism
Part of the cell which is responsible for its
three most important functions.
Answer: Nucleus
The nucleus is perhaps the most important
structure inside animal and plant cells. It is
the main control center for the cell and acts
kind of like the cell's brain. Only eukaryotic
cells have a nucleus. In fact, the definition of
a eukaryotic cell is that it contains a nucleus
while a prokaryotic cell is defined as not
having a nucleus.
http://www.ducksters.com/science/biology/ce
ll_nucleus.php
It is a jellylike substance which surrounds the
nucleus.
Answer: Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a thick solution that fills each
cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It
is mainly composed of water, salts, and
proteins. In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm
includes all of the material inside the cell and
outside of the nucleus. All of the organelles
in eukaryotic cells, such as the nucleus,
endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria,
are located in the cytoplasm. The portion of
the cytoplasm that is not contained in the
organelles is called the cytosol. Although
cytoplasm may appear to have no form or
structure, it is actually highly organized. A
framework of protein scaffolds called the
cytoskeleton provides the cytoplasm and the
cell with their structure.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/definition/cyt
oplasm-280
It extracts energy from food and convert it to
a form that can be used by the cell.
Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are unusual organelles. They

act as the power plants of the cell, are
surrounded by two membranes, and have
their own genome. They also divide
independently of the cell in which they
reside, meaning mitochondrial replication is
not coupled to cell division.
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mi
tochondria-14053590
Mitochondria are often referred to as the
powerhouses of the cells. They generate the
energy that our cells need to do their jobs.
http://www.newcastlemitochondria.com/mitochondria/what-domitochondria-do/
These are bodies that store digestive
enzymes.
Answer: Lysosomes
subcellular organelle that is found in nearly
all types ofeukaryotic cells (cells with a
clearly defined nucleus) and that is
responsible
for
the
digestion
of
macromolecules,
old cell parts,
and
microorganisms.
Each
lysosome
is
surrounded by a membrane that maintains
an acidic environment within the interior via
a proton pump.
http://www.britannica.com/science/lysosome
They are fluid-filled membranes for storing
food and expelling wastes.
Answer: Vacuoles
Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells.
They are found in both animal and plant cells
but are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles
might store food or any variety of nutrients a
cell might need to survive. They can even
store waste products so the rest of the cell is
protected from contamination. Eventually,
those waste products would be sent out of
the cell.
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuol
e.html
All the living materials inside a cell is
collectively called as ___________.
Answer: Protoplasm
Protoplasm,
the cytoplasm and nucleus of
a cell. The term was first defined in 1835 as
the ground substance of living material and,
hence, responsible for all living processes.
http://www.britannica.com/science/protoplas
m
This material is found inside the nucleus of a
cell where the processes of reproduction,
metabolism, differentiation and heredity can
be traced.
Answer: Chromosomes
A chromosome (chromo- + -some)
is
a
packaged and organized structure containing
most of the DNA of a living organism. It is not
usually found on its own, but rather is
2 | Science 5 Reviewer

complexed with many structural proteins

calledhistones as
well
as
associated transcription (copying of genetic
sequences) factors and several other
macromolecules.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome
Chromosomes are thread-like structures
located inside the nucleus of animal and
plant cells. Each chromosome is made of
protein
and
a
single
molecule
of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from
parents to offspring, DNA contains the
specific instructions that make each type of
living creature unique.
The term chromosome comes from the Greek
words for color (chroma) and body (soma).
Scientists gave this name to chromosomes
because they are cell structures, or bodies,
that are strongly stained by some colorful
dyes used in research.
https://www.genome.gov/26524120
They are thin, long and threadlike structures
which contain the DNA, RNA and a number of
proteins.
Answer: Chromosomes
What does DNA and RNA stands for?
Answer:
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the
hereditary material in humans and almost all
other organisms. Nearly every cell in a
persons body has the same DNA. Most DNA
is located in the cell nucleus (where it is
called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of
DNA can also be found in the mitochondria
(where it is called mitochondrial DNA or
mtDNA).
http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/dna
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
RNA, which stands for ribonucleic acid, is a
polymeric molecule made up of one or more
nucleotides. A strand of RNA can be thought
of as a chain with a nucleotide at each chain
link. Each nucleotide is made up of a base
(adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil,
typically abbreviated as A, C, G and U), a
ribose sugar, and a phosphate.
http://exploringorigins.org/rna.html
It serves as the blueprint that enables the
cells to make an exact copy of themselves
and to make another individual of the same
species.
Answer: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
The process by which cells produce an exact
copy of themselves.
Answer: Cell Division
Cell division is the process by which
a parent cell divides
into
two
or
more daughter cells. Cell division usually
occurs as part of a larger cell cycle.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division
What do you call the two new cells that are
products of mitosis which have the same
number of chromosomes and the same
characteristics as the original cell?
Answer: Diploid
A diploid cell is a cell that contains two sets
of chromosomes. One set of chromosomes is
donated from each parent.
http://biology.about.com/od/geneticsglossary/
g/diploid_cell.htm#
It is the primary process in the building and
repair of body tissues.
Answer: Mitosis
Mitosis is nuclear division plus cytokinesis,
and produces two identical daughter cells
during prophase, prometaphase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase. Interphase is often
included in discussions of mitosis, but
interphase is technically not part of mitosis,
but rather encompasses stages G1, S, and
G2 of the cell cycle.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutori
als/cell_cycle/cells3.html
Interphase
The cell is engaged in metabolic
activity and performing its prepare for
mitosis (the next four phases that lead up to
and include nuclear division). Chromosomes
are not clearly discerned in the nucleus,
although a dark spot called the nucleolus
may be visible. The cell may contain a pair of
centrioles (or microtubule organizing centers
in plants) both of which are organizational
sites for microtubules.
Prophase
Chromatin in the nucleus begins to
condense and becomes visible in the light
microscope as chromosomes. The nucleolus
disappears. Centrioles begin moving to
opposite ends of the cell and fibers extend
from the centromeres. Some fibers cross the
cell to form the mitotic spindle.
Prometaphase
The nuclear membrane dissolves,
marking the beginning of prometaphase.
Proteins attach to the centromeres creating
the kinetochores. Microtubules attach at the
kinetochores and the chromosomes begin
moving.
Metaphase
Spindle fibers align the chromosomes
along the middle of the cell nucleus. This line
is referred to as the metaphase plate. This
organization helps to ensure that in the next
phase,
when
the
chromosomes
are
separated, each new nucleus will receive one
copy of each chromosome.
3 | Science 5 Reviewer

Anaphase
The paired chromosomes separate at
the kinetochores and move to opposite sides
of the cell. Motion results from a combination
of kinetochore movement along the spindle
microtubules and through the physical
interaction of polar microtubules.
Telophase
Chromatids arrive at opposite poles of
cell, and new membranes form around the
daughter nuclei. The chromosomes disperse
and are no longer visible under the light
microscope. The spindle fibers disperse, and
cytokinesis or the partitioning of the cell may
also begin during this stage.
Cytokinesis
In animal cells, cytokinesis results
when a fiber ring composed of a protein
called actin around the center of the cell
contracts pinching the cell into two daughter
cells, each with one nucleus. In plant cells,
the rigid wall requires that a cell plate be
synthesized between the two daughter cells.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutori
als/cell_cycle/cells3.html
It is a method of cell division for sex cells.
Answer: Meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division
which reduces the chromosome number by
half. This process occurs in all sexually
reproducing single-celled and multi-celled
eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and
fungi. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed
by two rounds of cell division to produce four
daughter cells each with half the number of
chromosomes as the original parent cell.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
I
segregates
homologous
chromosomes, producing two haploid cells (n
chromosomes, 23 in humans). Because the
ploidy is reduced from diploid to haploid,
meiosis I is referred to as a reductional
division.
Meiosis
II
is
an equational
division analogous to mitosis, in which the
sister chromatids are segregated, creating
four haploid daughter cells .
Prophase I
Prophase I is the longest phase of meiosis.
During prophase I, DNA is exchanged
between homologous chromosomes in a
process called homologous recombination.
This often results in chromosomal crossover.
This process is critical for pairing between
homologous chromosomes and hence for
accurate segregation of the chromosomes at
the first meiosis division. The new
combinations of DNA created during
crossover are a significant source of genetic
variation, and result in new combinations

of alleles, which may be beneficial. The

paired and replicated chromosomes are
called bivalents or tetrads, which have two
chromosomes and four chromatids, with one
chromosome coming from each parent. The
process
of
pairing
the
homologous
chromosomes is called synapsis. At this
stage, non-sister chromatids may cross-over
at
points
called
chiasmata
(plural;
singularchiasma).
Metaphase I
Homologous pairs move together along the
metaphase
plate:
As kinetochore
microtubules from both centrosomes attach
to their respective kinetochores, the paired
homologous chromosomes align along an
equatorial plane that bisects the spindle, due
to
continuous
counterbalancing
forces
exerted on the bivalents by the microtubules
emanating from the two kinetochores of
homologous chromosomes. The physical
basis of the independent assortment of
chromosomes is the random orientation of
each bivalent along the metaphase plate,
with respect to the orientation of the other
bivalents along the same equatorial line.
[9] The protein complex cohesin holds sister
chromatids together from the time of their
replication until anaphase. In mitosis, the
force of kinetochore microtubules pulling in
opposite directions creates tension. The cell
senses this tension and does not progress
with anaphase until all the chromosomes are
properly bi-oriented. In meiosis, establishing
tension requires at least one crossover per
chromosome pair in addition to cohesin
between sister chromatids.
Anaphase I
Kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling
homologous chromosomes (which consist of
a pair of sister chromatids) to opposite poles.
Nonkinetochore
microtubules
lengthen,
pushing the centrosomes farther apart. The
cell elongates in preparation for division
down the center. Unlike in mitosis, only the
cohesin from the chromosome arms is
degraded while the cohesin surrounding the
centromere remains protected. This allows
the sister chromatids to remain together
while homologs are segregated.
Telophase I
The first meiotic division effectively ends
when the chromosomes arrive at the poles.
Each daughter cell now has half the number
of chromosomes but each chromosome
consists of a pair of chromatids. The
microtubules that make up the spindle
network disappear, and a new nuclear
membrane surrounds each haploid set. The
chromosomes uncoil back into chromatin.
Cytokinesis, the pinching of the cell
membrane in animal cells or the formation of
the cell wall in plant cells, occurs, completing
the creation of two daughter cells. Sister
4 | Science 5 Reviewer

chromatids
remain
attached
during
telophase I.
Cells may enter a period of rest known
as interkinesis or interphase II. No DNA
replication occurs during this stage.
Meiosis II
Meiosis II is the second part of the meiotic
process, also known as equational division.
Mechanically, the process is similar to
mitosis, though its genetic results are
fundamentally different. The end result is
production
of
four
haploid
cells
(n
chromosomes, 23 in humans) from the two
haploid cells (with n chromosomes, each
consisting of two sister chromatids) produced
in meiosis I. The four main steps of Meiosis II
are: Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II,
and Telophase II.
In prophase II we see the disappearance of
the nucleoli and the nuclear envelope again
as well as the shortening and thickening of
the chromatids. Centrosomes move to the
polar regions and arrange spindle fibers for
the second meiotic division.
In metaphase II, the centromeres contain two
kinetochores that attach to spindle fibers
from the centrosomes at opposite poles. The
new equatorial metaphase plate is rotated by
90 degrees when compared to meiosis I,
perpendicular to the previous plate.
This is followed by anaphase II, in which the
remaining centromeric cohesin is cleaved
allowing the sister chromatids to segregate.
The sister chromatids by convention are now
called sister chromosomes as they move
toward opposing poles.
The process ends with telophase II, which is
similar to telophase I, and is marked by
decondensation and lengthening of the
chromosomes and the disassembly of the
spindle. Nuclear envelopes reform and
cleavage or cell wall formation eventually
produces a total of four daughter cells, each
with a haploid set of chromosomes.
Meiosis is now complete and ends up with
four new daughter cells.
The first stage of egg and sperm cells that
look like any other cells in the human body
with the same number of chromosomes and
genetic information.
Answer: Germ Cells
Gametes, also known as sex cells or germ
cells, are the cells that come together during
fertilization or conception in organisms that
reproduce
sexually.
Their
genetic
complement consists of a single set of
unpaired chromosomes.
A germ cell is any biological cell that gives
rise
to
the gametes of
an
organism
that reproduces sexually. In many animals,
the germ cells originate in the primitive
streak and
migrate
via
the gut of
an embryo to the developing gonads. There,

they
undergo cell
division of
two
types, mitosis and meiosis,
followed
by cellular
differentiation into
mature
gametes, either eggs or sperm.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_cell
It is the largest cell in the females human
body.
Answer: Mature Egg Cell
The egg
cell,
or ovum,
is
the
female reproductive cell
(gamete)
in oogamous organisms. The egg cell is
typically not capable of active movement,
and it is much larger (visible to the naked
eye) than the motile sperm cells. When egg
and sperm fuse, a diploid cell (the zygote) is
formed, which gradually grows into a new
organism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_cell
It is sperm cells mixed with a fluid produced
by the seminal vesicles, prostate and
Cowpers gland.
Answer: Semen
Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is an
organic fluid that may contain spermatozoa.
It is secreted by the gonads (sexual glands)
and
other
sexual
organs
of male or hermaphroditic animals and
can fertilize femaleova. In humans, seminal
fluid contains several components besides
spermatozoa: proteolytic and other enzymes
as well as fructose are elements of seminal
fluid which promote the survival of
spermatozoa, and provide a medium through
which they can move or "swim".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semen
It is the females initial role in human
reproduction.
Answer: Produce egg cell, or ova, in the
ovaries.
Each of these part of the female reproductive
organ holds hundreds of thousands of
immature egg cells.
Answer: Ovaries
The female gonad, one of a pair of
reproductive glands in women. The ovaries
are located in the pelvis, one on each side of
the uterus. Each ovary is about the size and
shape of an almond. The ovaries produce
eggs (ova) and female hormones. During
each monthly menstrual cycle, an egg is
released from one ovary. The egg travels
from the ovary through a fallopian tube to
the uterus. The ovaries are the main source
of female hormones, which control the
development of female body characteristics,
such as the breasts, body shape, and body
hair. They also regulate the menstrual cycle
and pregnancy.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.
asp?articlekey=4705
5 | Science 5 Reviewer

It is the process by which one of the ovaries

produces and releases a mature egg every
28 days.
Answer: Ovulation
Ovulation is when a mature egg is released
from the ovary, pushed down the fallopian
tube, and is available to be fertilized.
Approximately every month an egg will
mature within one of your ovaries. As it
reaches maturity, the egg is released by the
ovary where it enters the fallopian tube to
make its way towards waiting sperm and the
uterus.
http://americanpregnancy.org/gettingpregnant/understanding-ovulation/
It is where a mature egg cell may be
fertilized.
Answer: Fallopian Tube
In a woman's body the tube allows passage
of the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Its
different segments are (lateral to medial):
the infundibulum with
its
associated fimbriae near
the
ovary,
the ampullary region that represents the
major
portion
of
the
lateral
tube,
the isthmus which is the narrower part of the
tube that links to the uterus, and the
interstitial (also known as intramural) part
that transverses the uterine musculature.
Thetubal ostium is the point where the tubal
canal meets the peritoneal cavity, while the
uterine opening of the Fallopian tube is the
entrance into the uterine cavity, the uterotubal junction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallopian_tube
If fertilized, this is where the egg descends
and attaches itself to the external walls and
embryo develops.
Answer: Uterus
The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri)
or womb is a major female hormoneresponsive
reproductive
sex
organ of
most mammals, including humans. One end,
the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the
other is connected to one or both fallopian
tubes, depending on the species. It is within
the
uterus
that
the fetus
develops
during gestation,
usually
developing
completely in placental mammals such as
humans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus
This constitutes part of the placenta which
serves to nourish the developing embryo.
Answer: Uterine Wall Tissues
It provides the connection between the
mother and the embryo.
Answer: Placenta
The placenta (also known as afterbirth) is
an organ that
connects
the
developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow
nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas

exchange via the mother's blood supply,

fight against internal infection and produce
hormones to support pregnancy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta
It is the males role in the human
reproduction.
Answer: To provide the sperm that fertilizes
the egg.
From the male, in which part of the female
reproductive system are where sperms
deposited?
Answer: Vagina
The vagina is an elastic, muscular
canal with a soft, flexible lining that provides
lubrication
and
sensation.
The vagina connects the uterus to the
outside world. The vulva and labia form the
entrance, and the cervix of the uterus
protrudes into the vagina, forming the
interior end.
The vagina receives the penis during
sexual intercourse and also serves as a
conduit for menstrual flow from the uterus.
During childbirth, the baby passes through
the vagina (birth canal).
The hymen is a thin membrane of
tissue that surrounds and narrows the
vaginal opening. It may be torn or ruptured
by sexual activity or by exercise.
http://www.webmd.com/women/picture-ofthe-vagina
Where are sperm cells produced?
Answer: Testes
The testes (singular: testis), commonly
known as the testicles, are a pair of ovoid
glandular organs that are central to the
function of the male reproductive system.
The testes are responsible for the production
of sperm cells and the male sex hormone
testosterone. The testes produce as many as
12 trillion sperm in a male's lifetime, about
400 million of which are released in a single
ejaculation.
http://www.innerbody.com/image_endoov/rep
o10-new2.html
They are small, twisted and found in testicles
where sperms are made.
Answer: Seminiferous tubules
The seminiferous tubules are the site of the
germination, maturation, and transportation
of the sperm cells within the male testes.
Seminiferous tubules are made up of
columnar Sertoli cells surrounded by
spermatogenic cells on the epithelial interior
and stem cells exteriorly.
http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/malereproductive/seminiferous-tubules
A long tube that carry sperm to the prostate
gland.
Answer: Vas Deferens
6 | Science 5 Reviewer

The vas
deferens (Latin:
"carrying-away
vessel"; plural: vasa deferentia), also
called ductus deferens (Latin: "carrying-away
duct"; plural: ductus deferentes), is part of
the malereproductive
system of
many vertebrates;
these
vasa
transport sperm from
the epididymis to
the ejaculatory
ducts
in
anticipation
of ejaculation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vas_deferens
It is a gland that produces the fluid that,
together with the sperm, constitutes the
semen.
Answer: Prostate Gland
The prostate secretes fluid that nourishes
and protects sperm. During ejaculation, the
prostate squeezes this fluid into the urethra,
and its expelled with sperm as semen.
http://www.webmd.com/urinaryincontinence-oab/picture-of-the-prostate
It is the time between childhood and
adulthood often referred to as teenage years.
Answer: Adolescence
Adolescence (from Latin adolescere, meaning
"to grow up") is a transitional stage
of physical and psychological human
development that generally occurs during
the
period
from puberty to
legal adulthood (age of majority).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescence
The state of physical development marking
the beginning of ones reproductive life.
Answer: Puberty
Puberty (say: PYOO-ber-tee) is the name for
the time when your body begins to develop
and change as you move from kid to adult.
We're talking about stuff like girls developing
breasts and boys starting to look more like
men. During puberty, your body will grow
faster than at any other time in your life,
except for when you were a baby.
http://kidshealth.org/kid/grow/body_stuff/pub
erty.html
It comes from a Latin word that means
month because it take place about every 28
days.
Answer:
Menstruation
Menstruation,
also
known
as
a period or monthly, is the regular discharge
of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner
lining of the uterus through the vagina. Up to
80% of women report having some
symptoms prior to menstruation. Common
symptoms include acne, tender breasts,
bloating, feeling tired, irritability, and mood
changes. These symptoms interfere with
normal
life
and
therefore
qualify
as premenstrual syndrome in 20 to 30% of
women. In 3 to 8%, they are severe.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruation

It is a protein present in the blood which

prevents
it
form
clotting
during
menstruation.
Answer: Plasmin
Plasmin is
an
important enzyme present
inblood that
degrades
many blood
plasma proteins, includingfibrin clots. The
degradation of fibrin is termed fibrinolysis.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmin
They stimulate the appearance of secondary
sex characteristics and promote hormonal
interactions
that
bring
about
the
reproductive process.
Answer: Sex Hormones
Sex hormones are responsible for some of
the most dramatic changes that occur in the
body. They control puberty, egg and sperm
production,
pregnancy,
birth
and lactation (breastfeeding).
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/
hormones/horm3.cfm?
coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1
This hormone is released from the follicle
which stimulates the lining of the uterus in
order to increase cell division.
Answer: Estrogen
Estrogen or oestrogen is
the
primary female sex
hormone and
is
responsible for development and regulation
of
the
female
reproductive
system and secondary sex characteristics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen
It is a hormone secreted by the pituitary
gland that stimulates the hormone that
releases estrogen.
Answer: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
is
a glycoprotein hormonefound in humans and
other animals. It is synthesized and secreted
by gonadotropes of
the anterior
pituitary
gland,[1] and regulates the development,
growth, pubertal
maturation,
and
reproductive processes of the body. FSH
and luteinizing
hormone (LH)
act
synergistically in reproduction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folliclestimulating_hormone
It is secreted by the follicle together with
more estrogen once the egg mature and the
follicle breaks.
Answer: Progesterone
Progesterone is
an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex
hormone involved
in
the menstrual
cycle, pregnancy,
andembryogenesis of
humans and other species. It belongs to a
group
of
steroid
hormones
called

7 | Science 5 Reviewer

the progestogens,
and
is
the
major
progestogen in the body. Progesterone is also
a
crucialmetabolic
intermediate in
the
production of other endogenous steroids,
including
the sex
hormones and
the corticosteroids, and plays an important
role in brain function as a neurosteroid.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone
This
hormone
causes
ovulation
and
facilitates the movement of the ovum in the
fallopian tube.
Answer: Luteinizing Hormone
Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced
by gonadotropic cells in theanterior pituitary
gland. In females, an acute rise of LH ("LH
surge") triggers ovulation and development
of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had
also been called interstitial cell-stimulating
hormone (ICSH), it
stimulates Leydig
cell production
oftestosterone. It
acts
synergistically with FSH.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hor
mone
It is stimulated by the dramatic drop of
progesterone and estrogen during birth.
Answer: Lactation
The process of milk production. Human milk
is secreted by the mammary glands, which
are located within the fatty tissue of
the breast.
The
hormone
oxytocin
is
produced in response to the birth of a new
baby, and it both stimulates uterine
contractions and begins the lactation
process. For the first few hours of nursing, a
special fluid called colostrum is delivered;
colostrum is especially high in nutrients, fats,
and antibodies, to protect the newborn from
infection. Thereafter, the amount of milk
produced is controlled primarily by the
hormone prolactin, which is produced in
response to the length of time the infant
nurses at the breast.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.
asp?articlekey=6202
It is the first flow of milk. It is milky yellowish
fluid that has the same composition as milk
but has more protein and less fat.
Answer: Colostrum
Colostrum (also
known
colloquially
as beestings, bisnings or first milk) is a form
of milk produced
by
the mammary
glands of mammals(including humans) in
late pregnancy. Most species will generate
colostrum just prior to giving birth.
Colostrum contains antibodies to protect the
newborn against disease. In general, protein
concentration in colostrum is substantially
higher than in milk.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostrum