E-SCIENCE, ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION

The Story of Adobe & Brick

An Interview with Seyyed Muhammad Alavi
Architect & Engineer

V[>, Júo JdH¥p

vH¶l & Ï<„u NÂñl NÎs õNÁÈl Hf <= , J™=

Abstract:
Mr. Alavi is born in 1947 in Zahedan. His
^ÍvHah
family is from Birjand and as he has him-
ÏIé™= If, NÁéöi NÁ[VÎf Gih Ï, Ính<kHo # Jsh ËhNihc ch 1326 ‰Hs Ng<él Ï<„u NÂñl NÎs õNÁÈl^ self stated, his family origin has played an
Ï ÍN¥úkhn ch 1352 ‰Hsvn,h # n<a Dl DaHk Ë> ch DrVa ÏHiVÎ=nHf If, Vd<; If ùh Ir±u GÎgn ,h n<o important role in making him interested in
I; ËHlc Ë> & Iéahn v<†p AÎ; ÏÍVdC[ vn 1348 ‰Hsch # Na GÎûñégh ©vHt DéúÈf NÎÈa ÍHæúkhn ÏvH¶l deserts and oriental wind catchers.
ÍvH` èv<w If Hi‰Hs Ë> ###Jsh Ín<f Ddh<i ÍHædH` :d Hf “,Vél Ïvhc Ív<a I; õvHt {΄o Ndvh,Vl Ik AÎ; He was graduated in 1973 from the archi-
I¢fhv vn DdHi Eñf ËHlc ËHÂi #NÁ;Dl cHy> TûÁl õNÁÈl JdVdNl If Ïv<;Vl J;Va vn hv n<o JÎgH¶t Jr, tecture faculty of Shahid Beheshti
University. In 1969 he has been in Kish
ÍnV;hV[h, DphVx ÍVdC[ Kdh vn hv ÏnHdc ÏHi Í\,V` Hi‰Hs Kdh Dx vn # n<a Dl óV¢l AÎ; Ï ÍVdC[ ÏHÎph Hf
which was a deserted island with an air
Ï Í\,V` Hi Ín, Ë<Áíl, D„Îg “vH` & ù<dvhn Géi & ËHdHa Géi &HÁÈlVÎl Ëhv<ésv Ï Í\,V` & KΙs vhcHf # Jsh base. In those years he starts working part-
ÍVdC[ Kdh L΄rh If I[<j Hf, Dl<f ÏnV¥d,v Hf AÎ; vn hv ÏcHs IkHo I; Jsh DkhvH¶l I„Â[ ch ,h # Vædn time for Mercury Corporation under the
# Jsh IétV=D` management of engineer Monsef. At the
same time, there were some discussions
about recovering Kish Island. During all
I] # Ndh ÍnV; hV[h, DphVx hv ÏvHÎöf Dk<¥öl ÏHi Í\,V` & AÎ; vn n<o JÎgH¶t ÏHi ‰Hs ‰<x vn HÂa
0
these years he has designed and completed
NaHf NdHf Ik<æ] DkHökh Ê<f Jödc :d ÏvH¶l NÎÁ; Dl V¥t , Ndvhn Dûòa ÏHi IkHo DphVx ch Ïh DÆ„j several projects in Kish such as; Sefin
-
Ÿ
? Jsh DdHi °Vt AÎ` I] Vf DÁéäl c,Vlh ÏcHs IkHo ÏHi<ægh ¨<wh, Bazaar, the project of Mirmohanna
&NÁéökhnDl DsHÁa ËHökh Li LdNr ËhvH¶l # NaHf Iéahn VÁi KdNÁ] NdHf vH¶l :d I; Jsh Kdh Kl õHöph Restaurant, Shayan Hotel, Dariush Hotel,
ËHÂi Ë<] NÁÁ; ÏcHsH†t NÁkh<éf Hj NknV; Dl FÎ;Vj Li Hf hv GmHöl ch D„Îo & IsNÁi Li, DsHÁa I¶lH[ Li Layli and Majnoon Park, and several other
Ë<] & ËnV; D=Nkc, ÍHtv ‰Häkn Jtv N¶f, DæÁs ,n N¶f, nV; ß,Va DæÁs :d ch IÎg,h Vúf NÎkhn Dl I; v<x projects. Paying much attention to the spe-
cific weather of this island, he has tried to
ÍNa TdV¶j X„y If <ægh Kdh HiH[ D„Îo vn IkH™sHél › Jsh Déphv, ÍHtv &IgHöl KdVj LÈl IkHo, ÍHÁ` Vsvn
incorporate local elements in his housing
vn nVt Hi IkHo GÎär Kdh vn # NaHf Iéahn DdHädc <Îé¥åsV`, NaHf Hädc D„Îo ËHúpVx NÁÁ; Dl D¶s Hi D„Îo, designs. In this interview, we have talked
ÊhÍNdn & Êh Iéahn ÏnHdc èH¶gH¢l ÏVd<; RxHÁl vn Kl I; DdH[ Ë> ch # JöÎk X„öl Ë> Vf, nVÎ= Dl vhVr IkHo with him about housing and architecture of
Nl>, Jtv VÎöl & ËHaNdVo & ËHaNl>, Jtv DÁ¶d ËHa D=Nkc ù,v ÏHÁäl Vfhv HiH†t Kdh Vd<; ÊnVl I; residential houses and particularly houses
ÏH†t LÎöÆj Vædn Ï<s ch# Nkh IéoHs Dl Jsn Kdh ch D„mHöl, & Hi Gût VÎήj &nHf JÈ[ & ËHaËhNkcVt in Kish. He believes that Iran's past archi-
tecture has had several angles and has
Nkh Ín<f Ë> ‰Häkn , Ín<f Ïv¨Hs vN` Ëhv,n Ë> vn Ë<]› Jsh Ín<f Hi ËHÂÈl Nl>, Jtv ÏHÁälVf CÎk IkHo Dk,vn
been dominated by a sort of logic which
& nV; vhVrVf IkHo ÏH†t vn hv è<¥s Ëh<j Dl Ik<æ], NÁ; JphVésh Nkh<j Dl Ính<kHo vN` Ik<æ] NÁÁÎäf Hj we can still utilize. At the end of the inter-
I; Jsh DdHiCÎ] IÂi Hi Kdh# LÎaHf Iéahn IkHo ch hv HlVs, HlV= ´±jh GrhNp LÎkh<j Dl Ik<æ] I; Kdh, view we talked about Dariush Hotel which
ÍNa Kl D=Nkc Ï<ægh Vlh Kdh # NknV; Dl DphVx hv IkHo Hi vH¶l Ë> ch N¶f, Nkh ÍnV; Dl Eñf ùhÍvHfvn Mr. Alavi has been its designing supervi-
hv ´Vx LÁ; Dl D¶s & LÁ; GÎÂñj ,h If hv LdHi ÍNdh I; Kdh ch Gär LÁ; Dl DphVx Dö; ÏhVf Dér, , Jsh sor. Dariush Hotel is the biggest and the
DÆth<j Ï<ægh :d If Hl, NsV` Dl hv AdHÈgh<s ,h I; Kdh ch S` # LÁ; G΄ñj, IdCíjhv,h ÏHi Iésh<o, LsHÁúf most important hotel in Kish Island.
Ÿ Manager of this hotel is Mr. Hossein Sabet
DpVx, nV; DphVx hv IkHo Ëh<j Dl Jú=Vf, Jtv, ‰h<s NÁ] Hf HtVw & LÁ; Dl DphVx hv IkHo &LÎsvDl and one of its significant features is the
Kdh, Jsh Déphv, ÍnHs D„Îo ÏIkHo & Êh ÍnV; DphVx Ên<o ÏhVf Kl I; Li Ïh IkHo # nhn Imhvh Ë> ÏhVf FsHÁl utilization of historical elements and sym-
# L™gHòl Nkh ÍNa TdV¶j J¥„Âl Kdh ÏvH¶l ÏhVf I; DdHi<ægh Kdh Hf IkH™sHél # Nkh ÍNa TdV¶j Ë> vn Hi<ægh bols of Achaemenians.

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Engineer Alavi’s Private House in Kish Island
Engineer Alavi’s Private House in Kish Island
Tehran’s Subway, “Jahan Koodak Station”
Tehran’s Subway, “College Junction Station”
AÎ; Ï ÍVdC[vn Urh, Ï<„u õNÁÈl Dûòa ‰CÁl
AÎ; Ï ÍVdC[vn Urh, Ï<„u õNÁÈl Dûòa ‰CÁl
“n<; ËHÈ[ ÍHæéödh &ËhVÈj Ï,Vél
{gH; ÍhvvHÈ] ÍHæéödh &ËhVÈj Ï,Vél
E-SCIENCE, ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION
NÎsVf IkHo If +ÁÎ;vH` Gohn ch, NaHf è<„Î` Ï,v IkHo I; Jsh KdhVf Lsv H[ Kdh ±êÚl
CÎ] IÂi ? Na nv Hi KÎaHl KÎfch NdHf IkHo If ËNÎsv ÏhVf hV] #LÁ; Dl nv hv Kdh Kl #
LÎÁÎäf Jovn :d LÎÁ; Dl cHf hv IkHo vn Dér, NdHäk hV] # Jsh ÍNa DÁÎaHl Hl D=Nkc
? LÎÁÎäf Cäs ÏH†t &
LÎéöi Ix<ñl Ï<j Dér, # NaHf Hl Ndn Ï<j LÎÆéöl I„` NdHäk IkHo If n,v, ch S`
NdHf HiH†t # nv,HÎfvn èHf,v, D¥ÎkH¥l VûÁu :d èv<w If hvHl CÎ] IÂi NdHäk
& NsVåf HÂa ch I; Kdh Ë,Nf NdHf n<a Dl HÂa IkHo nvh, Dö; Dér,, Nk<a TdV¶j
ÏH†t Is Kl IkHo vn # NÁéöi Hí; Dd<úésn, ãh<o ØHjh, IkHoCåa> I; NÂÈ™f
I; Êh ÍnV; TdV¶j DdH†t Kl # nvhn vhVr KgHs, KÂÎúk & IkHoCåa> &Dw<ûo
#Jsh cHf AdH†t DÁ¶d ›Nd> DÂk Lú] If nHdc Jsh K`hÛ I; Kdh n<[, Hf Ë> vn IkHoCåa>
±lÚH; DdH†t & Ë> ÏH†t # hv IkHoCåa> ÏHi ùH`, Jòdv Ik & NÎÁÎf Dl hv :ÁÎs Ik HÂa
ÏvH¶l vn # nvhn JphVésh ÏhVf Li DdH†t DÂdNr ÏHi IkHoCåa> Gêl, Jsh DkhVdh
Kdh LdNr ÏvH¶l vn # JshHlV=,nHf ùc, JÈ[ &vhB=VÎeÇj GlHu KÎéöòk&AÎ;
NÎÁ;Dl G΄ñj hv Ë> Dér,, Nkh ÍnV; TdV¶j DwHo Ï<ægh ËhVædn, Hi DgH®jV` ÍVdC[
IÎÈj ËH¥lh, nvhNk ß<ä¢l Id<Èj LéöÎs H[ Ë> # NÎsv Dl Hl Eñf nv<l GmHöl ËHÂi If
NdHf, NaHf Iéahn DjvhVp ´±jh NdHäk H[ Ë> ÏHi IkHo # JöÎk VöÎl Déphv If CÎk ã>
ÏHÂk vn ,v Kdh ch # NÁ; ‰VéÁ; ‰Hs ‰<x ÊHÂj vn hv IkHo ÏHln Nkh<éf I; NaHf DÂéöÎs
DdHi ÍVíÁ` NÎÁ; V¥t NdHa # Nkh ÍNa v<; I; NÎÁÎf Dl DdHi ÍVíÁ` Hi IkHo Kdh Ë,VÎf
Hivh<dn ÍNÁÁ; :Áo & v<jHdnhv ÏHi ÍV` Gêl HÆÚÎrn Hi ÍVíÁ` Kdh # Nkh ÍNa v<;, NkhÍn<f
I; Djv<w vn & NÁÁ; Dl nHídh IdHs, ÍNa :Áo & nv<o Dl HÈk> If nHf Dér,, NÁéöi
ËHan<o ÏhVf hv H†t I; Nkh ÍnV; ù±j ÍVíÁ` nhN¶j KdVj L; Hf HÈk> DÁ¶d # NÁéöÎk ÍVíÁ`
Jsh D„mHöl HÈÁdh, # nvhn DwHo D=Nkc & NÁ; Dl D=Nkc H[ Ë> I; Dln> # NÁÁ; TdV¶j
# n<a JdHuv NdHf DæÂi I;
& NÁéahn VÎ=nHf Hi DgH®jV` # Na ÍnHÎ` AÎ; vnvHf KÎg,h I; Jsh ÏVûÁu &CÎk VÎ=nHf
I; DdHi IkHo IÂi vn I; ÍNa EuHf ß<q<l Kdh & ÍNa ÍNdn IéaB= vn GmHöl Kdh IÂi
I; DÂdNr Ï Hi IkHo vHÁ;, Ia<= If # NÎÁÎäf HÈk> vn hv Kl DkhVdh £<¢o, Xo Êh IéoHs
´Vp HÂa Hf AdHivn & AdHi Ïn,v, & AdHi DsvhÛ & AdHi IîrHj ›NÎÁ; Dl ÍHæk
#NkcDl
, DkHlcvn DiHæk& ËHÂiHæk V=h I; Kdh DÁ¶d & NdNkHsv Df<o Ï I¢Æk If hv Eñf
ãHöp, Wòúl DsHÁa ù,v Hl ËhvH¶l HÂa ÏHi Ié™= Räx I; LÎÁÎf Dl NaHf DòdvHj
#Jsh ÍNa JdHuv Df<o If D„ohn ÏH†t VwHÁu&IéaB= ÏHi IkHo vn # Nkh Iéahn Ïh ÍNa
ËHÂi #Ín<f Ív,n Ë> ÊnVl +ÁiVt, Ï\<g<mNdh Vf DÁéäl ±lÚH; I; LÎÁÎf Dl hv DjH§p±l
TdV¶j :d Adn,v, & Dk,vNkh, Dk,VÎf If ÍNa Dl LÎöÆj IkHo NÎd<=Dl HÂa I;v<x
IfhvVÎöl ãHòékh JwVt , Ín<f ÍNa IétV=V§kvn Ïn,v,ch N¶f I; Dê¥l &Iéahn üHo
HÈéÁl # Jsh DrHf n<o è<r If HÈk> If U[hv Eñf I; Vædn GmHöl ¨Hp, & Ínhn Dl ËHÂÈÎl
VwHÁu ch ÍnH™ésh NdnV; ÍvHah Ë> If ã<o LiHÂa I; n<a Dl óV¢l H[ Kdh I; Dêñf :d
### Js Hl Ï IÁÎúÎ`, Jd<i V=ËHdHÂk I; Jsh Dl<f
### NaHf DkhVdh ÊvH; &LÁ¥k D[vHo Då; I; Nih<o Dl Lgn Kl &HÆÚÎrn
Li # nvhn è,H™j c,Vdn ËHökh Hf c,Vlh ËHökh ### nvhn n<[, Ïh IgHöl H[ Kdh Dg,
Ïhvhn Nkh<j Dl DkhVdh ËvNl Ï IkHo :d Ik<æ] # ,h Jsh<o Li › IétHd VÎήj ,h JÎÁib
? NaHf DkhVdh c,Vlh ËHökh Jsh<o, JÎÁib Vf Rä¢Ál ‰Hp KÎu vn, Jd<i
Kdh Kl ´Vp # LÎÁÎäf IéaB= ÏvH¶l FgHr vn hv CÎ] IÂi Hl I; JöÎk Kdh Kl ÍH=Ndn ±w Ú h
Ë> ch LÎkh<j Dl Ë<Á;h Li Hl I; Ín<fHlVt L¥p Ë> Vf DÆ¢Ál, Iéahn DdHdh,c ÏvH¶l Kdh I; Jsh
ÍnH™ésh H†t Ë> ch, NdvhBæf IîrHj vh<dn :d vn NÎkh<j Dl I; Dér, HÂa # LÎÁ; ÍnH™ésh R¢Ál
ÍHæk Dér, # NdN[ ÏvH¶l Li, NÎaHf Iéahn LdNr ÏvH¶l Li ó±¢wh If NÎkh<j Dl Fo &NÎÁ;
ÍVíÁ` LÎkh<j DÂk Vædn Hl # LÎÁ; DÂk D=Nkc H`,vh Gêl, Jsh nHdc ãHét> Hl J¥„Âl vn NÎÁ; Dl
ÏHÂk ch HivH¶l ËHlc :d & NaHf ËHjVxHo V=h # LdvhBæfvH; ËhVdh vn Dd±d, øvCf cHf ÏHi
### Jsh IúÎa HlÚHÂj ËHÂéoHs ÏHÂk Vél JöÎf NdNdn Dl & NknV; Dl ÍnH™ésh IúÎa HlÚHÂj
### Vædn ËvNl ËhvH¶l, ,vvn Ë, SÎl ÏHivH; Gêl
ËHdV[ Vædn ÏH[ Vi Hd H`,vh vn I; Ïh ÏvH¶l LÎkh<j DÂk Hl & NÎÁÎäf HÈéÁl # HÆÚÎrn
nV¥k ÍHäéah ,vvn Ë, SÎl & nvhn DwHo ÍH=Ndn Dö; Vi # LÎÁ; ÍnHÎ` H[ Kdh hv nvhn
Jtv Dl KdhVfHÁf Ndn Dl hv DÁÎaHl D=Nkc, ËNÂj vHút #ÍnV; vH; +Áúr Li D„Îo
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 E-SCIENCE, ARCHITECTURE & CONSTRUCTION

Ïh ÍcHj ÏHi ù,v ËHln<o ÏvH¶l vn LÎkh<j Dl Hl Hlh# JoHs Dl ±d, ÍHæjV` Ï,v,
&Vj<ÎålH; ØHjh ÍNa IkHo Ø,NÁw Ë> ¨Hp LÎéahn IkHo Ø,NÁw :d LdNr & LÎÁ; Tú; hv
hv IkHoCåa> v,n Hj v,n, ÍNa ËvNl ˨h IkHoCåa> #nV; TdV¶j hv Kdh n<a Dl DÁ¶d
ÍnHs NkHf :d, Ndv,HÎf KÎdH` hv IÁdCi NÎkh<j Dl I; Djv<w vn & NkvhB= Dl JÁÎfH;
Hf hv Ën<f DkhVdh Hi D„Îo # nvhn vhVr DkhVñf JgHp vn Hl ÏvH¶l # NaHf Iéahn JÁÎfH;
nhN„r D=NkHl FÆu Du<k hv IéaB= ÏvH¶l If ÊHÂéih, NkVÎ= Dl D¥d Ën<f DÂdNr
### NÁÁ; Dl
DéödHf Hd> ? nvhn Hi Í\,V` VdHs ÏvH¶l Hf Dj,H™j I] Dûòa ÏHi IkHo ÏvH¶l
? Ldv,> ãHöp If IkH=hN[, Nph, Ïh Ig<Æl hv Dûòa, Dk<¥öl ÏHi IkHo DphVx
KÎg,h HÂa DÁ¶d & Wòúl Ë<Îs¨<;VÎs ^ Nkvhn “VéúlCÎ] :d HÈÁdh IÂi&NÎÁÎäf
:d HÂa V=h DÁ¶d & NÎÁ; Jsvn hv A¢fh,v ó±¢wh If I; Jsh Kdh NÎÁ; Dl I; ÏvH;
°<u hv Ë<Îs¨<;VÎs & NaHf ÍHäéah AdH[ Dg, &Hädc ÍnH¶gh Ø<t I; NdcHöf ËHésvHÂÎf
Ï<s ch # Jsh « IkHo » ch Hl TdV¶j & LÈl Ï Ié¥knv<l vn Hlh # Jsh ÍHäéah :d NÎÁ;
A 20-Class guidance school ÍNaHÁfVél 3000 JpHöl If DÁÎlc vn HÁfVdc Vél1000 Hf KΙs Ï Is±; 20 ÏHÂÁihv IsvNl

v<¢] I; Kdh › Jsh LÈl Li NÁÁ; D=Nkc IkHo :d vn Jsh vhVr I; DdHi Ên> nhN¶j Vædn
ÏvhnVf ÍVÈf Ik<æ], & Nk<a IkHo nvh, NÁih<o Dl v<¢] & NÁÁ; D=Nkc NÁih<o Dl
# NÁÁ;
Hl Ï IÂi # VwH¶l DÁÎúk VÈa, ÏcHs VÈa ËhVñf If LÎkCf ÏCdV= NÎaHf Rth<l V=h
ËhVÈj vn Ë> Ï ÍNÂu ØhNûl I; nvhn n<[, IéòÎö= ÊHíg ÏcHsVÈa :d I; LÎtVé¶l
DæéòÎö=Kdh Hl & Li HÂa vH;, JÎgH¶t Gñl & AÎ;vn NÁ] Vi # n<a Dl ÍNiHúl
? NÎÁ; Dl DfHdcvh Ik<= I] ËHÎl Kdh vn hv ÏcHs IkHo Nk,v # LÎÁÎf Dl hv cHs, JoHs
èhVxHòl Kdh nvhn ËH¥lh V=h, JöÎ] HiVÈa vn ÏcHs IkHo Ï,v AÎ` èhVxHòl
# NÎÁ; PdVúj AÎ; Ï ÍVdC[ vn hv 豆¶l,
#Nkc Dl I¢g ÏcHs IkHo Nk,v If I; nvhn n<[, AÎ; Ï ÍVdC[ vn LÈl GlHu NÁ]
Ï IgHöl # ÍVdC[ Kdh vn D=Nkc ÏhVf ÊnVl GdHÂj ÊNu &Vædn, KÎlc Ën<f Ëhcvh D¥d
DiHÁ`Vs NdHf NÁd>Dl AÎ; If I; DkHö; HÚédHÈk # Jsh óV¢l Li Ë> Ïh<i, ã>, L΄rh
ù,V™f, cHöf ÍNu :d K¥öl, ÍHÁ` Vs ÏhVf HqHÆj AdhCth Hf KÎf Kdh vn # NÁaHf Iéahn Guidance school in Sefinat Kish AÎ; vn KΙs DdHÂÁihv IsvNl

ÏHi ÏcHs ËHÂéoHs vn I; Ïh Ié¥k Hlh # NÁéohnV` cHs, JoHs If ÍVdC[ Kdh vn, NkNl>
& ÍnV¥k I[<j Ë> If Dö; I; ÏCÎ] # Jsh ÍVdC[ Kdh DÂ΄rh GmHöl ÍNúk JdHuv AÎ;
Géi DphVx vn"±êl #nvhn ËHdV[ØVa If ãVy ch I; Jsh Ëhv<;, nHf ùc, JÈ[
# NÁ; Dl :Áo Hi ÍVíÁ` Kdh RdVx chhv HÂa :Áo nHf Ëhv<;, Jsh cHf Hi ÍVíÁ` ËHdHa
v<k ch NdHf #n<aDl ã<öñl ÏNf v<k Hl v<ú; vn I; Jsh ãVy v<k Vædn Ï IgHöl
HÂa LÎéahB= FÆu hv ÍVíÁ` Vél 3 ? JöÎ] ùVé„Ît # JahB= Vé„Ît, nV; ãHÁé[h ãVy
IgHöl S` #NÎÁÎfDl hv Ëhv<; NÎÁ; cHf hv ÍVíÁ` ch Dúòf V=h & Nd,Vf ËHdHa Géi If V=h
ãHét> AfHj JÈ[ vn ó±¢wh If A„pHs Ï,v KÎÁîÂi , n<a Dl óV¢l h<i, ã>
ã±Ækh ‰,h ch #nV; ÏcHs ±d, n<a DÂk GpHs Kdh £HÆk Ï IÂi vn ,v Kdh ch, Jsh
vn # Jsh Ín<f DiHäéah vH; I; & NknV; ÏcHs ËHÂjvH`>, ÏcHs ±d, ÍVdC[ ÏH[ IÂi
#nhn ÊHíkh ÍNa Dl hv vH; Kdh I; Ín<f Dûòúl £HÆk I; Djv<w
IkHo Ï,v hVt ÏHi AgH] Ëh<j Dl Ik<æ] I; Eñf ch JÂör Kdh If LÎsv Dl ‰Hp
Nl>vH;Hk, Ín<sVt ÏHivH;,cHs VÎήj vn DkH_ö; I_] ¨<Ú_wh, JoHs U_™jVl hv ÏcHs
Guidance school in Sefinat Kish AÎ; vn KΙs DdHÂÁihv IsvNl
? Nkh GÎon ÏcHs IkHo
Ë<kHr n<o LÁ; DlV¥t NÁaHf GÎon vH;,cHs Kdh VÎήj vn NÁkh<j Dl I; DkHö; KÎg,h
NÁiNf <ægh NdHf Nkh GÎon Ïvhn VÈa, ÏcHs VÈaVlhvn I; DkHö; # NÁéöi HivhB=
TdvH¶j NdHf Vædn Ï<s ch #NÁÁ; JdHuv hv Xfh<q Hj NÁÁ; v<äíl hv Hi J¥éÎav>
#### LdVäf ËNa <k JÂs If hv Hi ÍHæk, LÎin Imhvh ÏNdN[
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