~XwK

~_{lK{{ i_{A X_{A B_RZKvA K{A O }{A xs bZX{A Y L}}e

_a{A XB_eKvA Z_aK{A Ilc{ XXO{A QB }{{ BwIi XlI k yK{A
LX_}KkA _K{A _IZK{A _}j }{A T_eG ZBiG s |UX Y{A . BM{A
~{lK_}{A m_g _{G l_aK _K{A LAB_ty{BI _IZBw}{A wZi {k BKO }

_{k AZXB_v {lOK LAZXv JBaKyA hZp{ }{lK{A/}{lK{A {}l{{ AZR}

.XO{A ZB}{A } OZXI B} |ls AXC

LX_}KkA N_R X_lI _k ~{lK_}{A l_g bZX_{A Y_ XAX_kG s kZ
__O{Bl}{A Z__IlK{A __s T__g{A iB__aI{A B__ UK YG ,I__aB K __O }
sXKa}{A uZBl}{A s LBIle{A |{YK ~Bt}{A s QZXK}{A |a{aK{A

.}{lK XR |y }g

B_IZwK _ip |BaZG |y LBaZA MM {G ZZw}{A QB }{A ~awK ~K Xv

.{et{A kBa{A ~OR{A ZBIKkA lI YUC m} B}Bt}
BO}
:{BK{A |yc{A {k Bw{A bZX L}}e Xv
.{yc} lg ~XwKI CXIK XR |y .1

.QB }{A BXXR K{A }Bg}{A O{Bl} .2

XR{{ eU .3
~wK{A {aC .4
.KAY{A ~wK{A OC .5

 Bw{A s aBaC XBI} :|A }Bt}{A |BO}{A

Bw{A XkBw{A Bw{A :{A XR{A

:sXKa}{A LABty{A
.m}KO}{A XAZsC LBvk z{a ~j K s Bw{A ZX XXRK _
BKkBa 2 : kBa{A ~OR{A
ZZw}{A aZX}{A JKy{A :mOAZ}{A

bZX{A ~}eK
X}K
: Bw{A XkBw{A _ 1
: Bw{A _ 2
: eU{A
: KAY{A ~wK{A {aC
:KAY{A ~wK{A IOC

 X}K
vBI k `l } XZt}I dl C miKa kB}KOA By Ba A
m}KO}{A XAZsDs KBR ~wKaK{ Zo m} |}BlK{A } { XI s^ZcI{A
~Zo m} {}BlK LBk z{YI {ycs XA IO OA`K
m} wtK Xv {B}{A Rt{A ^kB e{A ZBOK{A LBO}{A s
JZBgKK NR ^AY ~{}BlK B MC ~ I uU{A mw Xv hlI{A ~glI

KR{e}{ ~ } XRA |y{ gtK hlI {k ~glI pI ~R{Be}

.|Kw{A C JZg{A C vZa{BI AXKkA {G ~ I B}s Z}A |e Xv eBU{A
jtRK ^m}KO}{A XAZsC I |}BlK{{ iIAg zB yK C JO AY{
Y xIiK{.m}KO}{{ B{l{A R{e}{A z{YI jtRK vwR XZs |y{
xR{A B{ y ^ z{Y {k uZcK O zB yK C JO iIAg{A
XKl Bt{BU } IvBl} iIAg{A Y Yt K {k t{BU}{A ZBIOG s
. m}KO}{A R{e} {k z{YI
B} ? m}KO}{A XAZsA xwR BI jtRK K{A iIAg{A Y B}s
? xUA xR{BI BKvk B} ? BeBeU

Y {k IBOA XR{A Y B s miKaK KR J{Bi{A ``k

PK Ka ^BeBeU Bw{A XkBw{A uZlK {G xZiK

{aA

. xUA xR{BI Kvk Bw{A ~t}

: Bw{A XkBw{A _ 1
: Bw{A XkBw{A uZlK 1 _ 1
~Bw{BI ~Z}D ^m}KO}{A XAZsC {G O} JBiU |y Bw{A XkBw{A
z{a z{YI ~j s ~A`{A O {k B} |}k k nB K}A C B} |}lI
. m}KO}{A AY XAZsC LBvk
Yt K {k m}KO}{A AY XAZsC ~A`{HI {X{A s {M}K} }Bk i{a ~wK

.z{Y u{BU } |y {k A`O{A mvK ^ ~{ O}{A JBiU{A ~AZKRA

: Bw{A XkBw{A fBeU 2_ 1

BKpe ^ l} m}KO} s z{a XkBv B yI Bw{A XkBw{A `}KK

. BI IiBU}{{ }`{} ^XZO} }Bk

} ^ l} kB}KOA I s Bw{A XkBw{A Dc K : kB}KOA XkBv _ C

YI ZMDK} z{YI yK . m}KO}{A AY s XAZsA z{a ~j K |OC

uKUBI Bw{A XkAw{A u{KUK ^ Bs BR{A lIiI I{A

. B}`{A uKUBI m}KO}{A bt s u{KUK Xv B By} LBl}KO}{A
ZwK s m}KO}{A XAZsC y{a C JO B} BI Bw{A XkAw{A Bo
IYBO{A Bv |M} lIi{A XkAw{A z{Y |ltK B}y mvA B} ucyK
XAZsA z{a {k y C JO B} IK B} G
. m}KO}{A z{a {k y C JO B} {BK{BI
~BA {G Zj K XAZs{ OZBU{A z{a{BI Bw{A XkAw{A ~KK
ucy ZBj XB} z{aI z{Y ZKvA AYG G s Zyt B} iBI{A

JOA{A OZBU{A z{a{{ BI{A AY .ZBysA BA {A Y k ZIl

XZ C y} B}y ^RZe ZBIk s ZcBI} |ycI KD Xv kBIKG
wZi{A Y yK B}} XkBw{A }g} } XBtKa C }g wZiI

Ze{BI Aa kBIKG JOA{A z{a{A {G AkXK Bw{A XkAw{Bs

Z}A ZeI B} G XBcZA Se {A |Ia {k }g{A C RZe{A
. {ls k {A C B} c |ltI

|M} BB l} s B} C |lsA |M} Z}A peI KDK Xv Bw{A XkBw{A

JO " 96 ZKaX } 66 XB}{A :|BM} .z{Y IBc B} C JO C ~`{

i{A k}O}{A S{Be} ^}Bl{A y{}{A }R C iA} |y {k

" Zp{A y{} ~ZKR
J OKI Z}A C |ltK |M} {A peI Bw{A XkBw{A KDK Xv B}y
iA}{A }ZR zBK A `O " 96 ZKaX } 39 XB}{A : |BM} .|ls
" Bw{A B}R sZc }ZR eBU{A
xZiKK .KAYI B l} BeUc JiBUK C :XZO} }Bk XkBv _ J
iZc{A ZyYI tKyK fBUcA NR } s B lI XXR} lvA {G
xIiK{{ {IBv B C B}y lvA |y s ~{k xIiK Y{A s BZsK JOA{A
I{i}{A iZc{A LZsK AYG mBv{A fBUcA |y {k XXOK} |ycI
. BI }l} ~AX B} XkBw{A xIiK Z}Ka ^

fBUcA {G Bw{A XkBw{A s JBiU{A O C XZOK{A G

{G OK s . BiZcI mBv{A XkBw{A |B KK C ^ ~KBteI

. B lI lvA |B KK KAYI l} fUc

LIMK fUc |y {k XkBw{A xIi Ks BwIiK ~}k {G X XZOK{A

I{i}{A iZc{A Bs ZsKK lvA |y {k ZaK ZZw}{A LBte{A {
. BwIiK s }Bk SIeK Bc X k XZO} XkBw{A yK AYy .

m}KO}{A XAZsC z{a ~j K XZO} }Bl{A XkBw{A mg } hZp{A

bBaC {k ABa}{A ~wK DI z{Y ^ ~ I B}s ABa}{A bBaC {k

{k fBUcA m}O {G Ia {BI J{Bp{A mg{BI YUD Y{A |Xl{A
~yR{Bs^ XR {k fUc |y uZj {G Bs Zj K{A {AXl{A bBaC
lK XZOK{A }}l{A te .fBUcA m}O {G Ia {BI XR} B

{G OK Xws ^ m}KO}{A XAZsC |y{ BIBiU Bw{A XkBw{A OK JO

Y ,V{A...ZBOK{A C z}{A C JBIc{A ty m}KO}{A XAZsC } l} s

fUc {G O} L By { KR Bw{A XkBw{BI we{ wIK te{A
. Z}O{A bZ {G O}{A ZKaX{A XA} |M} XRA
Bw{A iZc{A s ZsKK iA} |y{ " 96 ZKaX } 50 XB}{A :|BM}
" JUK JUK C

LXXR B y{. l}{A B}aC XXk XXRK ~{ XB}{A Y C jR

r{I |M}) Bw{A BXXR K{A iZc{A BZsK JOA{A LBte{A
.( V{A... aBa{A xwR{BI mK}K{A ^ a 18 a
: }`{} XkBv _ _O
A`OI ZKw} C }A`{G B y Bw{A XkBw{A fBeU ~C }
SIe A`O{A XI ,BI IiBU}{A |Iv } B}AZKRA }g Y{A Z}A

,m}KO}{A s gt{A {G X B}} a AZ}C Bw{A XkAw{A t{BU}

. B{l{A m}KO}{A R{e} z{YI xwRKK
ZBIOA C ^ Bw{A XkBw{{ u{BU}{A {k i{a}{A Iwl{A A`O{A

|M}K K{A w{A |B}lKaBI ZBIOA y , Bs BO B}I ~A`K{A {k

.B}Zo Bgw{A iZc{A zZX{A |M} {X{A
I ZBU{A { fUc{A C |ARA } |BR DI l A`O{A XO G
BI XZA{A Iwl{{ hZlK{A I , Bw{A XkBw{A s BO B}I ~A`K{A
iBKRA |Ia {k BO A`O{A |eA XkBw{Bs .BA`O C
.BwIiK B}g{

m} By}{A B}`{A NR } Bw{A XkBw{A uKUBI A`O{A u{KU

|tyK te Bw{A XkBw{A BikG C l}{A bt |}R A`O{Bs z{Y
.BwIiK B}AZKRA
: fBeUI A`O{A `}K

. AZBj BOZBU y C Ba}{} BXB} y _

Bw{A XkAw{{ t{BU}{A ZBIOG xR z{K}K K{A }Bl{A i{a{A lvK _

.m}KO}{A k IB z{Y s uZeKK t{BU}{A NXR } XyDK{A XlI
fBeKvA xZi k at I ZBIOA mv C XZt{{ z{YI xR
. XZt{A

ZU{ ByZK} b{ B X{A s mv C |O}I b{ |BR A`O _

. ZUA A`O{A k u{KU} C C

: Bw{A XkBw{A nA C 3 _ 1
R{e} cB}K B}I XAZsA OK ~j KI Bw{A XkAw{A ~wK
J{aK Bw{A XkAw{A Y Hs Lv{A bt s m}KO}{A
fUK l} LBO} s ~{k xgK B} G x{i} |ycI ~KZR

eBU{A S{Be}{BI Z}A x{lK NR ~{k maK m}KO}{{ ~Bl{A S{Be{A

} Z}E XkAv |A n {A } Bw{A XkAw{Bs AYy XAZs{
.(Zat}) {}y} BM{A n {A
: Z}A XkAw{A _ C
{k xBtKA C BKt{BU} XAZs{ `O K{A Bw{A XkAw{A BI Xew
. iBI xBtKA z{Y By BKt{BU} {k XAZsA I xBtKA mv AYG Bayk
NR vZa{A C |Kw{A k K K{A XkBw{A Z}A XkAw{A {M}C }
.|BR{A By B}} z{Y {k xBtKA C BKt{BU} `O
: (Zat}{A ){}y}{A XkAw{A _ J
B}ByRC {k QZU{A xR XAZs{ y K{A Bw{A XkAw{A BI Xew
B}ByRC t{BU} {k xBtKA ~K ~{ AYHs ^ ~ I B}s xBtKBI ~KXAZHI
. Z}A XkAw{A |M} }`{} LRIeC

~w C ZO}{A ~`{K K{A Bw{A XkBw{A {}y}{A XkAw{A {M}C }

XkBw{A Y G ^ z{Y ZpI xBtKA gw ~{ B} ZZg{A LB}}ZK{BI

s ZR{A XvBlK}{{ C l AY ^m}KO}{{ B{l{A R{e}{BI x{lKK

LB}}ZK{BI ZODKa}{A ~w DI ~ I B}s xBtKBI z{Y ,XkBw{A Y t{BU}

.ZO}{A k XI
XkAv B } |lO BKt{BU} {k xBtKA `O {}y}{A XkAw{A y

Bw{A XkAw{A vBI |M} ~A`{A te B{ Bv XkAv |I ZBKUA

. BKt{BU} {k xBtKA ~Xk BwIiK iZc } C zB B} |y
: {}y}{A Z}A XkAw{A I vZtK{A ZBl} _ Q
XB}{A jt{ {BR{A Y s vZtK{A ZBl} G : jt{{A ZBl}{A 1. Q

XkBw{Bs ^ Bjt{ |U } {}y}{A Z}A XkAw{A I vZtK{A ~K NR

iI {k f {BI Z}E B DI BRZe} Be KD Z}A Bw{A

Bt{BU B} {k xBtKA `AO ~Xk C ,BKt{BU}
Xv {k Ba G yZK s |}BlK{A C Zo": {BK{A Bw{A XB}{A : |BM}
"BgZI By { |iBI BR{A

{k Ba G yZK s |}BlK{A iI {k RAZeI Le B Z}E s

. XkBw{A t{BU} {k xBtKA `O C BgZI { BR{A Xv

} BKt{BU} `AO {k BRZe} BgC Be KD Xv {}y}{A XkBw{A
f C xBtKA XO ~{ B} C .z{Y ZpI xBtKA gw ~{ B} ZBIl{A |Iv
. V{A... z{Y ZpI gw Bv

Lv{A By}{A s Bs{A xRKa} y }M{A C ZZwK K{A XB}{A M}s

,z{Y ZpI gw uZkC xBtKA XO ~{ B} mI}{A s ~{a Y{A
uZk C xBtKA XO ~{ B} " ZBIk {k KR Be {}y} XkBv
. Z}E La{ {}y} B DI RAZe Xt B}} " z{Y ZpI gw f C

: l}{A ZBl}{A 2 . Q
{}y} C Z}E B DI XtK ZBIk C } B{BU Bw{A XkBw{A f KD Xv
.}Bl{A JAXA ~Bl{A ~Bj {A ZBl} {G O{{A ~K {BR{A Y s

n}O} C ^ m}KO}{{ aBaA S{Be}{A n}O} :~Bl{A ~Bj {A

m}KO}{A AY By BwI ZeK NRI m}KO}{A B{k ~w K{A baA

C kB}KOA mIBi LAY yK Xv baA Y ^ B{k ZAZwKaA X
. V{A.... w{U C XBeKvA
n}O} C m}KO}{A s xU{ aBaA |eA : }Bl{A JAXA
. |R A } B}{a BwI m}KO}{A By{ ZZg{A vUA baA

C Z}E B C Xt SZe f } {BU LBO Bv XkBv |y AYy

w{lK} L By AYHs Bk sZl}{ l}{A ZBl}{A {G Bs Zj {}y}
L By AYG Z}E L By }Bl{A JAXA C ~Bl{A ~Bj {A J AO XRC ~j KI
xwR{A LBZR{BI w{lK}{A Bw{A XkAw{Bs {k {}y} s z{Y Zo
~Bj {BI w{lK} B Z}E XkAv m}KO}{A XAZs ZKaX{A B{ty K{A
. ~Bl{A

K{A CZ}{A m} |OZ{A vk ~j KI w{lK}{A Bw{A XkAw{A z{Yy

{k xBtKA iBI ZIKl z{Y{ t{BU} |ys . QA`{A xZi k yK
JAXBI x{lK nZc} Zo ZIKl QA`{A ZBiG QZBU vk }BvG
`O Z}E XkAv vl{A Y{ }j }{A XkAw{Bs {BK{BI }Bl{A

. BKt{BU} {k xBtKA

: Bw{A _ 2
: Bw{A uZlK 1 _ 2
( ~Bl{A uZlK{A ) p{{A uZlK{A _ C
"kanun " B {A }{y{A } IZl{A p{{A {G Bv }{y L{wK A
AY BB l}I z{Yy ZUA LBp{{A {G L{wK A Xv }wKa}{A Bel{A lK
B}{A p{{A s z{Yy ~wKa} C droit M} a Zt{A s s
Z}Ka} ^ ZwKa} XZi} XkAv C XkBv |y p{ Bw{Bs. {BiA

LBO} s {}lKa} l}{A AYI Bv }{y . ~Bj {A l} |}RK

LBgBZ{A y{A ~{k B`t{A s {}lKa} s . BR{A } t{KU}
K { IYBO{A Bv M} |Bws kB}KOA XBeKvA ~{l{A s
AYG hZA {k BcA iwa s {M}K}{A B`t{A ZBj{A k ZIlK{{
.hZA IYBO |BO} }g Bgt{A s BB w{C
: Bw{{ RieA uZlK{A _ J
K{A Bw{A XkAw{A k}O} C {k l}{A AYI Bw{A uZlK y}
. ~A`{A O {k m}KO}{A s fBUcA LBvk z{a ~j K

{}y}{A Z}A Bw{A XkAw{A n}O} |}c l}{A AYI Bw{A

. m}KO}{A XAZsC z{a ~j K K{A

: Bw{{ kZt{A Bl}{A _ _O

ZIlK{{ B{B}lKaA |M} BgC kZt{A Bl}{A hlI s Bv }{y |}lKaK
l} nZt{ }j }{A Bw{A fe {A k}O} code wK{A k
. X}{A Bw{A B O{A Bw{A |M} m}KO}{A LBvk }

i{a{A BZXeK K{A Bw{A XkAw{A k}O} BgC Bw{BI Xew B}y
Bv ,LBIBUK A Bv |M} loi l} {Da} ~j K XewI lZcK{A
. V{A.... }}l{A uj{A
: xR{A Bw{A 2 _ 2
bt s XXR z{YI Hs m}KO}{A s XAZsA LBvk Bw{A ~j B}X k
O } O } BI ~A`K{A m}KO}{A XAZsC {k K{A LBIOA{A Lv{A
C . XAZsA } ZUC k}O}{ kZc}{A XZt{A S{Be}{A XXR ZUC
AXk B} ZUA XAZsA sBy {k mw ~Bk JOA {IBw xR |y C
xR{Bs Bw{A LBIOA } {IBw B} xR{A Zw Y{A ,xR{A JRBe
.}R Bw{A Zw

: xUA Bw{A 3 _ 2
y C JO B}{ B{l{A |M}{A |M}K K{A XkAw{A k}O} xUA
JO }`{} XkAv B C bB {A XwKl NRI ^ m}KO}{A XAZsC z{a {k

XkAv .ZBy KaA m}KO}{A iUa{ AgZlK G BI ~A`K{A ~{k

,bt {A s {eDK}{A LAXBl{A X{BwK{A LAXwKl}{A k Dc K xUA

. ~y{a ~KBvk ~yRI IXC n`A{ OK m}KO}{A XAZsC BI ~`K{

uZl}{A BaRA |Xl{BI Z}DK K{A XkAw{A : xUA XkAv {M}C }

. Zy }{A BcRt{A k K
{G laK B y s BaBaC Bw{A XkAw{A xUA XkAv zZKcK _

. Bt{BU }{ A`O{BI ZKw} B C m}KO}{A XAZsC z{a ~j K

: B}C J AO s Bw{A XkAw{A k xUA XkAv u{KUK _

B}yRK K{A |BlsA } BvBi maC xUA B}yRK K{A |BlsA _
B} I , iBI{A ZBj{A bB {A |B}kC ~yRK xUBs Bw{A XkAw{A
.BwIBa B ZyY B}y bB {A BZj K{A |BlsA {k Bw{A ZeKw

i{a{A lvK Y{A XB}{A A`O{A {k ZeKw Bw{{ Ia {BI A`O{A _

{k ZeKws xU{ Ia {BI B}C ^ Bw{{ u{BU}{A {k w{BI }}l{A

i{a } ZIO{BI z{Y ZKw m}KO}{A ZBy KaA Z}g{A J DK
.}}k
C ZAZwKaA B}g m}KO}{A ~Bj jtR Bw{A XkAv } Bp{A _

xUA XkAv B}C m}KO}{A s BgkC ~ZBIKkBI XAZsA z{a ~yRK B C

C m}KO}{A s BgkC ~ZBIKkBI XAZsA z{a ~j K {G z{Y XlKKs

{G m}KO}{A XAZsDI |e{{ laK z{YI s ~KAY s ~{G Zj {BI
.{BM}{A

: eU{A
Z}BI l} fBUcC {G O} JBiU : Bw{A XkBw{A uZlK
. I ~Bw{A ~Xk C |}k |ltI JBiU{A AY ~Z}D
: Bw{A XkBw{A fBeU _
fBUcA z{a ~j K XkBv B C C kB}KOA XkBv : {A eBU{A
~ZBIOG xR z{}K K{A {X{A XBa{ mgU l} m}KO} s OZBU{A
. ~KIvBl}

B l} BeUc JiBUK B C C XZO} }Bk XkBv : BM{A eBU{A

. XXRK{A O {k l} ng}I x{lKK ,KAYI
XAZsA ~`K{ C JO t{yK B C C }`{} XkBv : M{BM{A eBU{A
XB}{A A`O{A JO BZ} t{BU} |y JO{A |Ia {k BkBIKHI

. m}KO}{A k IB uZeKK K{A }}l{A i{a{A lvK Y{A

: Bw{A XkAw{A nA C

{k QZU{A `O K{A XkAw{A : Z}A Bw{A XkAw{A _

.ZAZwKaA m}KO}{A ByI w{lK} B z{Y BKt{BU} {k xBtKA C B}ByRC
XAZs{ `O K{A XkAw{A : (Zat}{A) {}y}{A Bw{A XkAw{A _
BI IiBU}{A uAZiA S{Be}I x{lKK B BKt{BU} {k xBtKA
. B{l{A m}KO}{A XAZG |M}K

XAZsA z{a ~j K K{A Bw{A XkAw{A k}O} : Bw{A uZlK

i{a{A Yt K Y{A XB}{A A`O{BI ZKw} }`{} yK B} m}KO} s
.}}l{A

: KAY{A ~wK{A {aC

. }`{} B C Bv XkBv pe } XXR C y} uy (1b
ZA`O{A s wIi}{A Bw{A XkAw{A hlI { B}s (2b
eUc{A KZR k |`B K{A XR b{ _

K{A {BR{A {k wIK{ ZO}{A l{A BeI XlK C ZO}{A {k _

~{aK{A Lv B{k L By
eBU{A LB}}ZK{A X ZZg{A LB}}ZK{A m}OI ~w C {k
z{Y uUI gw xBtKA XO ~{ B} AY |y ,ZODKa}{BI

i{A JAZK{A } `O C k {UK{A C |`B K{A KI{A `O _

.kB}KOA {AXl{A iAZw}X{A ~j K{A XBI} {k {X{A ~wK _

: J{i}{A |}l{A
s {k LX}KkA Y{A ZBl}{A Z} |y s B I} XkBv |y n XXR _
. zt eK

. RieA ~Bl{A B l}I Bw{A I xZt{A B} _

:KAY{A ~wK{A IOC

:|A JAO{A
. BjBt{C pe } Z}E Bw{A XkBw{A C XXR C y}

. V{A.... ~`{ C , |lsA |M} Z}DI Zw} pe{A LBO AYG _

.V{A...`O C , |ltK |M} I Zw} pe{A LBO AYG _
: BM{A JAO{A
"|`B K{A XR b{ " ZBIl{A {k Le B Z}E :1 XkBw{A
ZpI gw xBtKA XO ~{ B} " ZBIl{A {k Le B {}y} :2 XkBw{A
" z{Y
" KI{A `O " {k Le B Z}E :3 XkBw{A
( {X{A ~j K XBI} ) ~Bl{A ~Bj {BI x{lKK B Z}E :4 XkBw{A
: N{BM{A JAO{A

XkAw{A s RieA l}{BI B}C ~Bj {A p{{A l}{BI Bw{A

ZKw} yK K{A B} m}KO} s XAZsA z{a ~j K K{A }`{}{A
. A`O{BI