EDTO- EXTENDED DIVERTION TIME OPERATIONS ETOPS — EXTENDED TWIN OPERATIONS The purpose of initial ETOPS regulations were to provide very high level of safety while facilitating the use of twin engines on routes, which were previously restricted to three or four engine aeroplanes. ETOPS has now evolved to EDTO (Extended Diversion Time Operations) to encompass two or more engine aeroplanes and the intent of the current regulation is to avoid a diversion and if it occurs, to ensure that the diversion is. safe. EDTO may be referred as ETOPS in some documents (AFM etc) Extended diversion time operations (EDTO). Any operation by an aeroplane with two or more turbine engines where the diversion time to an en-route alternate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time established by the DGCA. Threshold time. The range, expressed in time, established by the State of the Operator to an en-route alternate aerodrome, whereby any time beyond requires an EDTO approval from the State of the Operator. Note: The threshold time for EDTO established by DGCA is 60 minutes for two engine aeroplanes and 120 minutes for more than two engine aeroplanes. Reliability of the propulsion system; Airworthiness certification for edto of the aeroplane type; and EDTO maintenance program. Capabilities of the operator; Overall reliability of the aeroplane; Airframe certification Reliability of each time limited system; Relevant information from the aeroplane manufacturer; and VvVVVVVY EDTO critical fuel An aeroplane with two engines engaged in EDTO operations should carry enough fuel to fly to an en-route alternate aerodrome. This EDTO critical fuelcorresponds to the additional fuel that may be required to comply with CAR fuel calculated considering wind and other weather conditions expected FUEL IS CALCULATED - Assuming a rapid decompression at the most critical point followed by descent to a safe altitude in compliance with the oxygen supply requirements Upon reaching the alternate, hold at 1,500 ft above field elevation for 15 minutes and then conduct an instrument approach and land. Add a5 percent wind speed factor (that is, an increment to headwind or a decrement to tailwind) on to the actual forecast wind used If the APU is a required power source, then its fuel consumption must be accounted for during the appropriate phases of flight.Low visibility take-off (LVTO). A term used in relation to flight operations referring to a take-off on a runway where the RVR is less than 400 m.* The major component are the ground i.e. aerodrome facilities and airborne elements i.e. aircraft and its equipment & flight crew capabilities, and flight procedures. AERODROMES FACILITIES REQUIRED ARE - 1. Surface Movement Guidance and Control System, commonly referred to as a Low Visibility Operational Plan (LVOP) 2. Runway, markings, lighting, navigational equipment. 3. Taxiway centerline lights; 4. Runway/taxiway, runway/ runway intersection stop bars 5. Runway high intensity edge lights 6. Runway centre-line lights. 7. Road holding position lights. 8 9 . Illuminated signs .. Obstacles in the take-off climb, approach surface and missed approach. THE AIRCRAFT SYSTEM EQUIPMENT LISTED, AS APPLICABLE/ INSTALLED, BELOW WHICH ARE CRITICAL FOR LOW VISIBILITY TAKE-OFF AND LANDING SHALL BE FULLY SERVICEABLE: i.Wind-shield wipers for both Pilot and Co-pilot stations. ii. Window heat for all heated cockpit windows. iii.Anti-skid System. iv.Thrust Reversers for all engines. v.All Flight Director Systems, Auto-Pilot, Radio Altimeter. vi.Weather Radar. vii.At least two VHF Com Sets. vilAt least two VHF Nav Sets. The pilot must be in visual reference with the runway Centre-line lights and runway edge lights to maintain the smooth and safe operationApproved Low Take-off Minima (Com, ial Transport Aeroplanes) Take-off RV! ility RVRIVIS Facilities CatA,B,C&D Adequate Visual referertte © 500m (Day only) Runway edge lights or Runway 400m centreline markings © Runway edge lights and Runway 300m centreline markings © Runway edge lights and Runway 200m centreline lights TDZ 150m Runway edge lights and Runway centreline lights and relevant MID 150m RVR information © Roll-out 150m TDZ 125m High intensity Runway edge lights and Runway centreline MID 125m light ing 15 less) © lights (spacing 15 m or less) Rollout 125mCONVERSION OF REPORTED METEOROLOGICAL VISIBILITY TO RVR An operator should ensure that a meteorological visibility to RVR conversion is NOT USED FOR TAKEOFF, for calculating any other required RVR minimum less than 800 m, or when reported RVR is available. When converting meteorological visibility to RVR in all other circumstances than those in sub-paragraph above, an operator should ensure that Table below is used: Note.— If the RVR is reported as being above the maximum value assessed by the aerodrome operator, e.g. “RVR more than 1500 metres”, it is not considered to be a reported value for the purpose of this paragraph. Conversion of Meteorological visibility to RVR Lighting elements in operation Conversion of Meteorological visibility to RVR Lighting elements in RVR = Reported operation Meteorological. Visibility x Day Night HI approach and 15 2-0 runway lighting An) e of lightin 10 15 intel jation cther® than above No lighting 10 Not applicable