HISTORY OF

PHARMACY
Lecture by:
Divine Grace M. Parcon RPh

PRIMITIVE
A. Learn from
instinct
.Use of Mud, dirt, a leaf was
his first soothing application
.Relieve pain by bathing
wound in cold water

B.Disease is caused by the entrance of evil

spirit/demons

. Ridding the body of supernatural intruders

. Using incantation
. Administration of specific herbs and plant materials

FIRST APOTHECARY

TRIBE APOTHECARY to be feared,

respected, worshiped and revered
- very powerful
-HIGHLIGHT: knowledge of drug and
its application

 FAILURES

DUE TO :

a. Impotent
b. Inappropriate medication
i. Under dosage
ii. Overdosage
c. Poisoning

SUCCESSES DUE TO:

a. Experience
b. Coincidence
c. Natural healing
d. Inconsequential/ placebo effect

Pharmacy and medicine are indistinguishable

EARLY DRUGS

Ebers papyrus
60 ft long & a foot wide
16th century BC
Leipzig University
By Georg Ebers
800 formulas/prescription & more than 700

drugs
drug of botanical, animal & mineral source
Vehicles used were wine, beer & honey
Mortar &pestle, hand mills, sieves and
balances

INTRODUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC
VIEWPOINT

HIPPOCRATES
scientific medicine and

pharmacy
Hippocratic Oath of Ethical
Behavioral for the healing
profession
Father of Medicine
Pharmakon purifying remedy
for good only

DIOSCORIDES
Greek phyisician and Botanist
His work is De Materia Medica
Development of pharmaceutical
botany known today as
PHARMACOGNOSY

CLAUDIUS GALEN

Inventor of cold cream Galens

cerate
Formulated doctrines
Mixing & melting individual
ingredients

EMPEROR FREDERICK II

separated medicine
from pharmacy

AUREOLUS THEOPHRASTUS BOMBASTUS VON

HOHENHEIM

aka PARACELSUS
Swiss physician, chemist
Botanical science to chemical science

Early research
o

Sweede Karl Wilhelm

Scheele
Discovered lactic acid, citric acid,

oxalic acid, tartaric acid and

arsenic acid
Discovered Oxygen a year before
Priestly
o

Serturner, Friedrich
Isolated morphine from Opium

Caventou, Joseph & Pelletier,

Joseph
Isolated quinine and cinchona from

cinchona and strychnine and brucine from

nux vomica
o

Pelletier, Joseph and Pierre

Robiquet Separated codeine from
opium

Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy - establish as the
nations first school of pharmacy

syllabus
Unit I. Principles of Dosage Forms
Design & Development
A. Introduction to Drugs and
Pharmacy
B. New Drug Development and
Approval Process
C. General Considerations in the
Designing of Dosage Forms
Unit II. Classification of
Pharmaceutical Preparations
A. Solid Dosage Forms and
Modified-Release Drug Delivery
Systems
1. Powders
2. Tablets
3. Capsules
4. Modified-Release Dosage forms
and Drug Delivery Systems

B.
1.
2.
3.
4.

C.
1.

2.

Semi-solid Dosage Forms, Pharmaceutical Inserts and

Transdermal System
Ointments, Creams and Gels
Suppositories
Inserts
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
(TDDS)
Liquid Dosage Forms
Solutions (Oral Solutions, Preparations for Oral
Solutions, Syrups, Elixirs, Tinctures, Special Application
Solutions, Miscellaneous Solutions
Disperse Systems (Suspensions, Emulsions, Gels,
Magmas and Aerosols)

D. Sterile Dosage Forms and Delivery

Systems
1. Parenterals
2. Biologicals
3. Ophthalmic preparations
E. Novel and Advanced Dosage Forms
1. Radio-pharmaceuticals2. Products of Biotechnology

QUIZ