Rocks Guided Notes

Huttons Big Idea:

- James Hutton was Scottish Doctor and farmer in the late 1700s.
- He studied the _______ and _________around him.
- James Hutton became the father of Geology after he came up with the
idea of ______________.
- __________: is the study of the structure of plant Earth and the forces
that make and shape Earth.
Uniformitarianism:
-It is the principle that states that the _________________ that operate
_______also operated in the _______.
-Hutton came up with this when he observed the structure of ___________ and
__________.
-He saw that streams were cutting through lands in the process of
____________.
-___________: occurs when running _________, ______, or ________ break down
rocks and carry the pieces away.
-He concluded that most _______________________ had to have been occurring
a long time ago to produce enormous features such as mountains and deep
__________.
Checkpoint:
1. What do the fossilized ripples in
the picture tell you about the
conditions when the rocks formed?

Answe

2. How does uniforitarianism help

geologist understand Earths history?

Types of Rocks:
- Geologists classify rocks into 3 main groups: ____________, _____________, and
______________Rock.
Igneous Rock:
-Forms when molten material deep beneath the Earth's surface _______and
________.
-It can be_________ or _________.

-Intrusive means the molten rock cooled _________ while still ________ the
Earth.
-Extrusive means it cooled _______on the ________ of the Earth.
Sedimentary Rock:
-is made of sediments that were ____________ and then pressed or ___________
together to make solid rock.
-Sediments can have ________ of animals and plants (or fossils) such
as,_______ and _______.
-Most fossils are found in ___________ rock.
Metamorphic Rock:
-is formed when any rock is changed by _______, _________, or
________reactions.
-most of them form deep _____________ with pressure.
Types of Classified Rocks:
Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

___________
Granite

___________
Biotite

Sedimentary Rocks
Shale

Feldspar

_____________
Limestone

_______________

_________________

_____________
Pumice

Checkpoint:
1. What kind of rock is featured in the
Lava video?
What was happening to the volcano
in the video?

Answer:

2. From what is each type of rock

formed?
3. Do you think that all the rocks are
related in some way? Explain.
How Can We Determine the Age of Rocks? :
-There are_____ ways one is ___________ dating (which we will talk about at
another time) and the 2nd is ___________ dating.
-The ________________ of a rock is its age compared to the ages of other
________.

-We use the __________________ to determine the relative ages of rocks.

Law of Superposition:
-Says that in horizontal sedimentary rock layers, the _________ layer is at the
_________. The higher layers are _________ than the one's ________ it.
-It tells us the ________which the rocks were formed.
Law of Crosscutting Relationships:
-states that a _______or a body of rock, such as an __________, is ___________
than any other layer of rock that the fault or rock body_______ through
Using fossils to date rocks:
To date rock layers geologists first give one layer at the first location an
age and then they can give the same age to the matching layer at
another location.
Geologists use __________________ to help them_________ rock layers.
To be an index fossil, the fossil must occur in many __________________
and it must be an animal that only existed for a _________amount of
time.
Checkpoint:
Apply: Suppose 2 rock layers in 2 different locations contain fossils of a
dinosaur that live only for a short time. What can you conclude about the
rocks?

Justify: Explain how scientists use the law of superposition and the law of
crosscutting concepts to determine the relative age of rocks.

Back to Hutton:
Now that you have watched videos and learned about rocks, how did Hutton
know that the processes today are the same as in the past?

One Last Thing:

How do you think the rock cycle will fit in all of this information that you just
learned in this lecture?