Chapter 8

Welding:
The process of joining material by heating to a suitable temperature with or without
the application of pressure is known as welding
Methods1. Forge Welding
a. Gas Welding
b. Electric Arc Welding
c. Thermit Welding
2. Electric Resistance Welding
3. Fusion Welding
Welded Joints:
1. Substitute for Rivetted Joint
2. Substitute for Casting or Forging
Types of Welded Joints:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Butt Joint
Lap Joint
Tee Joint
Corner Joint
Edge Joint

Stress in Butt & Fillet Weld:

t =

P
hl

Where,

t = Average tensile stressthe weld

P=Tensile Force onthe plates
h=Throat of the butt weld

l=Length of the weld

Average Shear Stress-

P
hl

Where,

=Shear Stressweld
P=Shear Force
Fillet Weld:
There are 2 terms1. Leg
2. Throat

t=hcos 45
Where,
t= Throat
h= Leg

Shear Stress, =

P
1.414 hl

Strength of Welded Joint:

Eccentricitically Loaded Joint:

Welded Joinsts consist of primary and secondary shear stresses

Centre of gravity is needed

Primary Shear Stress:

The force acting through the centre of gravity causes this stress.

1=

P
A

Here,
P= Force acting through the centre of gravity
A= Throat area

Only Vertical

Secondary Shear Stress:

The couple causes torsional shear stress in the throat area of weld. They are known
as secondary shear stresses.

2=

Mr
J

Here,
r= Distance of furthest point in the weld from G
J= polar moment of inertia of all welds from G
M=Couple
It is proportional to its distance from the centre of gravity

Has both horizontal & vertical direction/

Angle it makes with horizontal-

=90tan1 r v /r h
Rv= Vertical distance of the furthest point from gravity
Rh= Horizontal distance of the furthest point from gravity
Welding Joint Subjected to Bending Moment:

Primary Shear Stress , 1=

Bending Stress , b=

p
A

Mb y
I

Where,
I= Moment of inertia of all welds
Y= Distance of the point in weld from neutral axis

b 2 2
+1
2

Moment of inertia of annular field

I=t r 3