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8. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

7. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

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Unit 8. Quadratic Functions

Table of Contents
Contents
Lesson 1 Graphs, Domain, and Range of Quadratic Functions ........................................................................................... 3
Lesson 2 Parts of a Quadratic Graph .................................................................................................................................. 5
Lesson 3 Vertex Form of a Parabola................................................................................................................................... 7
Lesson 4 Writing the equation of a parabola ..................................................................................................................... 9
Lesson 5 Transformations of parabolas ........................................................................................................................... 11
Lesson 6 Quadratic Regression in the TI-84 Plus CE ......................................................................................................... 14
Lesson 7 Roots and Factors .............................................................................................................................................. 17
Unit 8 Glossary.................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Unit 08 Performance Assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 20

Calendar and progress monitor:

Lesson
Number

Date completed notes

Related homework problems or assignments

Tutoring attended?
If so, record dates.

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PA

Lesson 1 Graphs, Domain, and Range of Quadratic Functions

http://tinyurl.com/hxwyobx
Vocab review:
Domain
Set of all x-values that can be plugged into a function.
Quadratic Function
Function that can be written as
() = 2 + + where 0

Range
The set of all y-values that the function makes from the domain

Parabola
The graph of a quadratic function

Parent Quadratic function

= 2
or
() = 2

Sketch a graph of the Quadratic parent function on the grid to the left.
(all other quadratic functions are just transformations of this one)

You do not have to write down the steps to graph a quadratic function.
Graph the function
() = 2 3

Graph the function

() = 2 6 + 5

14
12
10

()

()

8
6
4
2

x
6 5 4 3 2 1
2

4
6

Domain:

Range:

Domain:

Range:

Practice:
Use a table of values to graph each function. Determine the domain and range. You may use your calculator to get
the table of values.
1. y = 2 + 2

2. y = 2 4

3. y = 2 3x + 2

Domain:

Domain:

Domain:

Range:

Range:

Range:

4. y = 2 + 2

5. y = 2 6x + 3

6. y = 2 2 8x 5
y

Domain:

Domain:

Domain:

Range:

Range:

Range:

Lesson 2 Parts of a Quadratic Graph

http://tinyurl.com/hb5p4vo
Complete the examples as shown in the video
Different Solution Types
y

x
x

Number of Solutions:

Number of Solutions:

Number of Solutions:

Solutions (x-intercepts):

Solutions (x-intercepts):

Solutions (x-intercepts):

Vertex:

Vertex:

Vertex:

Maximum or Minimum?

Maximum or Minimum?

Maximum or Minimum?

Axis of Symmetry:

Axis of Symmetry:

Axis of Symmetry:

y-intercept:

y-intercept:

y-intercept:

Domain:

Domain:

Domain:

Range:

Range:

Range:

Use a graphing calculator to get a table of values for each function. Plot each function and complete the chart.
y = 2 + 3

y = 2 4x 4

y = 2 2 + 3

o
ys

o
ys

o
ys

Number of Solutions:

Number of Solutions:

Number of Solutions:

Solutions:

Solutions:

Solutions:

Vertex:

Vertex:

Vertex:

Maximum or Minimum?

Maximum or Minimum?

Maximum or Minimum?

Axis of Symmetry:

Axis of Symmetry:

Axis of Symmetry:

y-intercept:

y-intercept:

y-intercept:

Domain:

Domain:

Domain:

Range:

Range:

Range:

Lesson 3 Vertex Form of a Parabola

http://tinyurl.com/gqn3vtl
Vertex form of a parabola is = ( )2 +
In this example, the function is = 3( + 2)2 + 4
y

What does tell you?

What does the h stand for?

What does the k stand for?

Forms of a quadratic equation:

Equation

Vertex Form

Standard Form

y = a( )2 + k

= 2 + +

Axis of Symmetry

x=h

Vertex

(h, k)

Direction of Opening
Domain

coordinate is 2, plug in to find

-coordinate
upward if a > 0, downward if a < 0

All real numbers (unless restrictions are indicated by the graph or problem)
If opens upward, range is

Range
If opens downward, range is

Graph each equation. Identify the vertex and axis of symmetry, and give the domain and range.
1. y = ( 2)2

2. y = ( 2)2 + 3

3. y = ( + 3)2 + 4

Vertex:

Domain:

Vertex:

Domain:

Vertex:

Domain:

AOS:

Range:

AOS:

Range:

AOS:

Range:

4. = 2 8 + 19

5. = 2 + 1

6. = 3 2 + 6
y

2
1
5

1
1

2
3
4
5

6
7

Vertex:

Domain:

Vertex:

Domain:

Vertex:

Domain:

AOS:

Range:

AOS:

Range:

AOS:

Range:

Write the equations for problems 4-6 in vertex form.

Lesson 4 Writing the equation of a parabola

http://tinyurl.com/hr3y88l
A parabola has x-intercepts at 3 and -4. The y-intercept is 48. What is the equation of the parabola?
Steps:
1. Use the intercepts to find a general equation
2. Use any point to solve for a
3. State the equation
The general equation for this example is:

= (
The coordinates of the y-intercept are

)(

) Plugging these coordinates in gives you:

= (

)(

Show all the steps to get to the value of a

Show all the steps for the next example:

Complete the chart

Graph

Equation

Standard form and Vertex Form

Roots

y
20
16
12
8
4
5

Other Point

1
4

(1, 8)

12
16
20

Roots

y
10
8
6
4
2
5

Other Point

1
2

(3, 4)

6
8
10

Roots

y
5
4
3
2
1
5

1
1

Other Point
1

2
3
4

(0, 3)

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Lesson 5 Transformations of parabolas

http://bit.ly/1PT2DKl
The beginning of this video is a review of vertex form. You can skip to 2:06

Draw the faces to show how the parabola opens

To make the parabola narrower (skinnier), a must get _____________

To make the parabola wider, a must get ________________
Horizontal shifts happen inside the parentheses, vertical shifts happen outside.
Label the parabola below as = 2
Draw the next parabolas on the same graph, and
describe the transformations.
= ( 2)2 + 3

Opens:

9
8

Vertical shift:

Horizontal shift:

6
5

Stretch:

4
3

= 2( + 3)2 + 1

Opens:

1
9

1
1
2
3

Vertical shift:
Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

4
5
6
7
8
9

Opens:

1
= 2 + 6
2

Vertical shift:
Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

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Transformations of Quadratic Functions

Describe the transformations to each function compared to the graph of f(x) = .
1. g(x) = 2 + 2
Opens: upward

2. g(x) = ( 1)2
Opens:

3. g(x) = 2 8
Opens:

Vertical shift: up two

Vertical shift:

Vertical shift:

Horizontal shift: none

Horizontal shift:

Horizontal shift:

Stretch: none

Stretch:

Stretch:

4. g(x) = 7 2
Opens:

5. g(x) = 2
5
Opens:

Vertical shift:
Horizontal shift:

Vertical shift:
Horizontal shift:

Stretch:

Stretch:

7. g(x) = 2 + 3
Opens:

8. g(x) = 5 2
5
Opens:

Vertical shift:
Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

Match each equation to its graph.

10. y = 2 2 2

Vertical shift:
Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

Vertical shift:
Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

6. g(x) = 6 2
Opens:

9. g(x) = 4( 1)2
Opens:
Vertical shift:
Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

A.

C.

B.

D.

1
2

11. y = 2 2

12. y = 2 + 2
2

13. y = 2 2 + 2

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Transformations of Quadratic Functions more practice

Describe the transformations to each function compared to the graph of f(x) = .
2
5

1. g(x) = (10 + )2

2. g(x) = + 2

4. g(x) = 2 2 + 2

5. g(x) = 2

3
4

3. g(x) = 9 2

1
2

6. g(x) = 3( + 4)2

Match each equation to its graph.

A.

B.

C.

7. y = 3 2 1

8. y = 2 1

1
3

9. y = 3 2 + 1

List the above functions in order from the most vertically stretched to the least vertically stretched graph.

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Lesson 6 Quadratic Regression in the TI-84 Plus CE

To do a quadratic regression:
Turn on statistics diagnostics

z
arrow down to
STATDIAGNOSTICS
Highlight ON and
press Enter

Put the data points into the

statistics editor. The x-values
go into L1 and the y-values
go into L2

Turn on Plot 1 in the

statistics plotter

yo

Use number keys and

enter to put in the
values. Use the arrow
button to move to
the next column.

Make sure On is
highlighted before going on

Set the zoom for statistics

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Get the quadratic regression

equation and store it in Y1

Make sure you put Y1 in the

StoreRegEQ line using alpha
trace

Notice the 2 value is 1

because this is a perfect
quadratic function.
= 2 2 8 + 6

The plot should now have

the points and the best fit
line.

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Batter UP!!!
The table below shows the horizontal distance (in feet) traveled by a baseball hit at various angles. The initial speed of
the ball at the bat is constant.

Angle (degrees)
10
15
24
30
34
40
45
48
50
58
60
64

Distance (feet)
115.6
157.2
189.2
220.8
253.8
269.2
284.8
285
277.4
269.2
244.2
231.4

1. Prepare a scatter plot of the data in your calculator (see p. 15-16).

2. Determine a quadratic regression model equation to represent this data and graph the new equation on the
same plot. Record the value of a, b, and c here, and write equation as a function. Round to three decimal places.

3. What is the coefficient of determination, 2 , and what does it mean about how good of a fit this model is?

4. What distance will correspond to an angle of a 5?

5. What angle(s) will correspond to a distance of 270 feet, to the nearest degree? You may estimate using the
TRACE function in the graphing calculator.

6. The first baseman is positioned 100 feet from home plate and the right fielder is positioned 180 feet from home
plate. The batter wants to hit the ball half way between these players. What angle, to the nearest degree,
should be used to accomplish this hit? Round to 3 decimal places.

7. The left field fence is 280 feet from home plate. For what angle, or angles, to the nearest degree, will the ball be
hit past the left field fence?
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Lesson 7 Roots and Factors

http://tinyurl.com/hyym3tc
Only watch the 1st 2 minutes of the video.
Factors, Roots, Zeros, Solutions and X-Intercepts of Quadratic Equations
Example 1: y = x2 x 6
Before we start the video, factor x2 x 6 using the box method:

2
6
The FACTORS are

)(

Factors are the parts of a number or polynomial whose _____________ is that number or polynomial

Ex: ( )( ) = 6
To find the ROOTS, we set each factor equal to ___________ and ________ for ___________.

The ROOTS are: ___________ and ___________

The ZEROS are: ___________ and ___________
Stop video at 2:00

After the video, graph y = x2 x 6 in your calculator.

Look at the graph and the table. Find the x-intercepts (where y=0).
The X-INTERCEPTS are _________ and ________

What are 3 other names of the x-intercepts? ____________________________,

_________________________, _____________________________

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Find roots of each function.

1. () = (m + 4)(m + 1)

2. () = (x + 2)(x + 2)

3. () = (b + 3)(b + 4)

4. () = (t + 4)(t 3)

5. () = (r + 1)(r 2)

6. () = (n 5)(n + 1)

7. () = (3c + 1)(c 2)

8. () = (2x 6)(x + 3)

9. () = (d 1)(5d 4)

10. () = (2x + 5)(x 4)

Given the roots of the equation, find the linear factors.

11. 3, 5

12. 5, 2

13. , 12

2
3

14. 3, -3

1
5

16. ,

15. , 5

2 3
5 2

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Unit 8 Glossary

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Unit 08 Performance Assessment

1. For the following problems, graph the transformed functions on the same coordinate plane as parent function
() = 2 (already graphed). Label all the parabolas that you draw as A, B, C, D, E, F or use a legend with colors.
Describe the effects of the parameter change(s) on the graph of () = 2 .
Opens: upward
Vertical shift: none

(2 )

Horizontal shift: none

Stretch:
Horizontal compression
1/2
Opens:
Vertical shift:

()

Horizontal shift:

Stretch:

10

Opens:
6

Vertical shift:

( 3.5)

Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

Opens:
Vertical shift:

() + 5

10

10

Horizontal shift:

Stretch:

6
8

Opens:
Vertical shift:

2 ( 1) + 3

10

Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

Opens:
Vertical shift:

1
( ( + 2)) 4
2

Horizontal shift:
Stretch:

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2. To determine an experimental value for the acceleration of an object due to gravity, data is collected on an
object thrown into the air using a motion detector. A representative quadratic equation is calculated that best
fits the data. Group A collected the data below on their motion detector.

a. Graph a scatterplot of the data over an appropriate domain and range for the problem situation.
b. Use parameter changes on () = 2 to determine a quadratic function that could be used to
represent the collected data. Summarize the parameter change(s) applied to the graph of () = 2
used to determine the representative function.

c. Use technology to verify the representative quadratic function. Graph the representative function over
the graph of the scatterplot. Write the equation from the quadratic regression here.

d. The leading coefficient of the squared term represents one-half the acceleration due to gravity.
According to the collected data, what would be the value of the acceleration due to gravity?

e. Determine the y-intercept and describe its meaning in the problem situation.

f.

Determine the x-intercepts and describe their meaning in the problem situation.

g. Determine the vertex and identify it as a maximum or minimum. Describe its meaning in the problem
situation.

h. Use the representative function to determine the height of the object after one second has elapsed.
Would the object be going up or going down? Verify your answer using the graph of the function.

i.

Use the representative function to determine the elapsed time(s) at which the object will be at a height
of 6 feet. Verify your answer using the graph of the function.
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