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    historical maps and timelines

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    5K views142 pages

    Atlas of World History

    Uploaded by

    TomislavMenalo
    historical maps and timelines

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 142
    | FNC LO World History able of Contents rs 4 Muletones of World Heory Insite front cover Abbrestations| 7 Inside front cover Eanty SEDTLEMENTS AND Civ 100,000 (ace) to 516 ue ce) People Migmate Across the Earth 6-7 » Aglcuture and Eavly Sedeents ‘89 Clilzation in Ansent Mesopotamia 10-11 ~ Babylon and Acer, 12-13 © Hebrew Kingdoms 14 > Phoenictn Trade 18 ZALIONS ANCIENT EcyPr, CHINA, INDIA, AND MEXICO. py. 6000 (nce) to 40. (2) 900 Ccitetion n Ancint Hyp 16-17 » Ancient Egypt and Kush 18-19 » ‘Gutzation in Aint Cina 20-21 > Dynasties Ancient Chinn 22-29 > “Alen ln ab the Svea of Hinduism 24-25 >” Ancent India ad the Sprelo Bdhsen 26-27 » Civvatan in Alert Mico 2-20 Ancient Greece AND RoME 4 5000 ac (ace) to 40. (64) 500 Cenilaations of Ancient Greece 30-91 » Growth of Greek Cty States 22.09 othe Conquest af Aland the Great 94-28 > from Roman Repulie te Remon pire SOA? = Heh tthe Reman Epes can Sd Chant inthe Roman Empire 4 Dene o the Roman Empresa Empires AND CULTURES OF ASIA 395 to 1641 deus ‘Travel ne Sik Road 44-45 > The Spread of eam 46-47 > Growth snd Decline ofthe Byzantine Empire 48 > Tang and Sung Dynes of Chine 49 = The Mongol Empire Spans Eurasia 90-51 ~ Kingloms of Southeast asia 32 Mn Dyas of China 83 » From Imperal 'o Feudal Japan 50-55 APRICAN EMPIRES 500 ne (ce) 10.20. (c4) 1600 Early Chlaations of fries 86-87 > slanie Kingdoms of North Aca 156-59” tipres of West Aven 60-61 ™ Aca States a Tre 62-69 ‘iene, sry Teche, Chat High Seb Cee re a SEES ah erat, fl en on ct rey toa Si ete eee tawrnceW: Meri, Prana, Dearest Hay, ‘its Sate cre. Neral ae er information about ondern tt a bk en of Serene me caida ea aa 0G Eyxonn sy rue Mio Acts Early Krom of Medieval Europe 64-65 ~ Moorish Spain 66 = ‘iki tact on rope 67 ~ Pedal and the Hob Remem Empire {88:60 » Cross tthe Holy La! 70-71 © Trade ote ane Page 72-29 ~ Reconguest of Spin 74. Reo We Oloman Empire 78. ww] Tue Act oF Gionat Contac 1200 to 800 “re nthe Indes 76.77 = Ag of European Expat 78-78 ik ap 0" Tecate St = Stopes Expr and See the meas a" Irt f Clnston 4-69 vo fQ} Etom Renatssance 10 ENLIGHTENMENT om ‘30010 1800 europe DuringtheRenalsance 8667 » Reiman al Caer 5 REE ee eT cay Almay ‘Sh Sammy 90-0" Sekt Revonah agin 985 pate fe. Us 9 REVOLUTIONS AND IMPERIALISM. ige “ seat W750 1914 Independence i the Amereas 96-07 » French Revolution 98 = [Empteof Nepscon 99 = inet Reouton Chang Europe 100-101 — Nate Sherpa Europe 102-109 ~ hpi ia ‘Asa and the Pete 301-108 © impetalism Continues Ast 100-207 penal Athea 108-108 wow ](Q) Byextens: Crstury anv BevoND 110 19140 the Present “Word War {Changes Europe 20-111 ~ Rie of Dcatorabips 112-119 vidoe le te Word 1042118» Te ca War Tetons the World 116-117." Communist Confit Asin 116-118 icp Sweeps tne Work fata Coca the Ade Eso 12-129" econ temaana Challenges 124123 REFERENCE Maps ‘Countees of the World Today 126-127 > Physics World 128-129 “umetable of World History ese 19099 Glowsary Pia SO Be13— Idee irae ai ecg. te 1g ei Seine ean eae Come omer near oeengeee ‘Grange Callecton New York RAN/AKET Teno den Maser jArt Resources. WY 8/4 sar {etrernd femuntes ca Foumoey Pt: ta8 anode hae tab 2003 C17 100. 10 DEAS, VAN /CL BB yt aera a ee et at forte et eee eens Be fe heed nao aheoate cerium nae cna SEES ee eat ee mien eee ater eee ea eee beeen eee en oe eee Eee P roca tee nts tension suecart nasemman watsmec ome SEE Fae ee ote eae eter eee ca meas LSE Sree ta ee fs abe Ss rasan hat ep a8 mae 18 atom pel 15S top he Turmer/ 198 mia Sev ng 138 atom Dea. VNC 198A ‘ec els what he ui boot an what me Then rad he tope tite ges are about ‘Nex eal the Introduction, for more about the top Now fli he AB © B—— path rough the pages (The A BCD captions hep you [understand each map, graph and plete (tape chow placex movement, people, and events larly Kingdoms of Medieval Europ: (ocator maps apn wha esto te word fe how, ‘re end ofthe wn, use Fine wait timeline chow Key events from Metineine arene tte | ree yor {hts time periods Ue soto renew the ul pe rae an eee ‘WortastoryAtins.com Ties more maps, grape, ew iy What else can you find in this atlas? Milestones of World History ‘nthe mse no cover are ‘Sort fey events Reference Maps on pages TSEL100 show ibe work ‘eae. ‘Timetables of World History tan 190-189 show wat was appear places atthe same tine (Glasary on 194-190 defines onde and nares ‘ein te ats Index on 197-144 it al te , earls aeastor Jtwrng, oe fst used 46,000 Prople migrate People Migrate Across the Earth About 100,000 8. early people began migrating ffom their African homeland, 18 Por thousands of years, people moved into new areas in search of fond, They hunted Animals and gathered wit plants, 1 Ice ages killed much of thelr food, forcing ‘people fo mave. They migrated on foot or in Small boats, 1 By 9000 m.. people had migrated to most eae T paciric | | ocean | People frst migrated to Fealans that had plenty of ‘ood and comfortable cimates. ‘When continents had been reached by 25000827 monet ‘Sea Level atthe Bering Strait E 19} 3 fet rating i a ; = rt ca a ie 5 a rr : a a —— “ime “The earths empratore began t fal around 100,000 9< fives froze 50 © wrrercouls no fw back the wn hea ae rope. Ares a Nd besn ancerwster mare exposed yan iigation i ed emi. yrs of persia nee nee cae deser- iesoptam = P5000 5100082 5002508 ‘Shatioregon 1 See, 150002 Sy Gitar reste lee age coastine D1 csextne ot ANTARCTICA aap = ™ © ae 288s sel ath aden ‘One early form of expresion was cave painting, Man ‘Skills and improved boats began sling ‘hue paininge ow animals that people Mune te satan ands nthe Pac Ocean. griculture and Early Settlements Agriculture, or growing plants and ralsing animals for food, changed human society a farever. culture tas mare relabie than hunting and gallhering. 1 People hegan to herd or Keep wild animals in pens. They became farmers, planting seeds from wild wrasses using hoes and digging sticks. 1 Scitlementa became permanent. Farming comnuunites grew into villages A surplus of food allowed people to spectallze and work olber jobs 1 Spectatints improved metalworking, making stronger tools and weapens. ‘These advances in technology are used to name the Brorze and Iron Ages. Ag Cries) Sones &Teewot00r Earliest Domestic Plants and Animals agicultre started ith esources found in the ‘environment What were the most common ‘domesti plants and animals? About 1,000 people ied in Jeter, one ofthe wos odes ets. ner ings on roam | innatclues does ts station give you about thal Socty? Early Setlements and Civiations J UNETL culture developed in several itferent regions ofthe word at about the atime nome area people vied rgaton to dec ver wate © ther ops ‘res unsuitable for farming, people continued to hunt and gather. oO: onde orig | Spread of Agriculture (DD rorting an getering Conrnaites Wi et0tosco0n # eaycty Tbewor03000ne yur ofan ise nd Cope Ages lb rd Chak) Moz Age_ Mion Age odne 100K «oda TSODNC. «ODAC One placedstone for making tool and weapons at ifferent times around the world Bronze, Iurture of cooper and dy releced copper and stone when more tin was found. 1,8 {itapor 20d Seeger meta replaced bronso when improved heating mathe wer developed. vilization in Ancient Mesopotamia the earliest known eWilzation, Sumer, and the work!’ frst The Sumerians developed the frst writen language and the fist laws They also leaded with places as far away as Eyypt and tnd ‘Bach Sumerian ety-state was independent. Bach had {ts own ruler, own spectal god, and own army. ple from the nelahbor of Akad ater tonguered Sumer and the rest of the area atotind the Tigis and Euphrates Rivers, Once conquered, city states were simply etes ‘During the Bronze Age, Sumerians fought sing bronze weepors and chariots pulled Wart & Lancunct Dy anteye Thi mage cf Sumerane — ing, 7200-3000 ee ei Stesp a city orisita state? Ely cilzations weren't part of uh aa vst Monaco frees tsrtams fe tec ook QO sreiea eacelimenane sensertched insane ‘shapes on clay tatet Late they used trangur iced toacatin tere apes, hee wedge hope, Sanguagesin Mesopotamia y Tunney aire crescent i tosopetaia bon Soe °@ em ‘hearea between the figrs ond Euphrates vers means [7 Mesopotamia war part Dotanarea of good {emiand, cated the Fertile Cresent 10 ary Setdements nd Civztons [UNIT / | isenn ean oe (emanten > rion ora ae cys as ARABIAN seer Sumerians all spoke the ame language and had the some canto, but el Semitic and Elamite neighbors spake uferent languages and had aiferent futom. Even 30, wade ms commen, ‘helieersaean (ME Actacian tice 225000 TG tend gonecey 280, semi 3 Sumerian ty © fortes $= inaton Ela cute sion vt “The Aikadan Empire spanned most ofthe Ferale Crescent. Compare a ‘rape and € Empires rule many diferent people. What groupe einen ‘Mere ried by the Algadan Empie? [Babylonia and Assyria Agler the Akkadian Empire fell, (vo groups Sirsgaled for contd of the Ferhe Crescent Babylonians from Babylon and Assyrians from Ashur becarse Ue major powers in the reson 1 Babylon was long known as a center of Jearhing, Babylonian selence and terature were admired and imitated Uaroxghout the Fentte Crescent Win contrast, Assyria was known for tts 1 Babylonia and Assyria fought each other ‘often aver the course of thousand years Bach conquered the other nvore thar once the Babylonians and Asians built monuments ro show their wenith an power. bows ia replies of Babylon ‘Shar Sater the wealth came frm conquest and taxes Why do empires fait? The Babylonian Empire expanded under Hammurabi ‘ne of Gabylonas mess mparart king He also ‘emembered for hr exter aw code per Masta by fort Neepra ya Ty tjonian ga 1750 ‘4 tanonian conquest Comer St ® cana aw ature region © Anan vista? 2 EovySetlements and Cisiatons [UNIT Dera. sovjonars GB rsyin s110¢ Ey arn i by 249 fan gai e580 =: taonan cone Sere & copra Qaa8c nyran tre ieonis sewen bogi enon rentsiplan pars Centuries ater, Asian svete Simiesagan tere the tne Feral Cresrent. They Phoznlons Hebrews, Egyptians and others. Some & Teomo.oer Babylonian Contributions Time Died aye ‘no 12 rae. ‘Ded 367 Inbar ‘Delon tot a 9 mine, rosie Sosa ie Mathematics ltl edges, anagian oester Downiiniaze (BD sxoponin enpre, anes Sabian conquest Geldaeans from Babylonia aoa hed rnb tat angie Asa Te e could be evenly dived by many Babylonian pire wes | m= Fen conquest ‘ther number. Hove how such ‘aso the sopra : ‘umes ze used ms Babylonian last of the Mesopotamian infoiencoeest females. Compare size Peete Confutions to ove an tran that of Bayona’ — mathemati, Sigal empire, shown on . map A ete Cir 900 a “ [Elebrew Kingdoms According to the Hebrew Bible (Tanah. Hebrews came from Southeastern Mesopetamia rear the Persian Gul Acotind 1800 8. they migrated west tothe Mediterranean coast. fm They ate said to have settled in Cana, which they believed their god had given them mA Hebrew kingdom was formed by 1200 Ge: Later I split nto Israel and Judah. fm Wats and famine often forced Hebrews to leave thelr “Promise Lard The Hebrews came to be called Jews and thoie Foligion Judaism, sya to Canaan. ArcheologinsMave not been lef ont these accounts xen aabion sca God or gods? Unie ti 8 anabian Deseer ae "afte he fall of ersalem n S86 6, leaders and alle cratmen of Jasoh ere sent to Sabyion There they wrote down the acinus ana Scher in port ef hat & now known as the Hebrew Bible or Ol Testament. Se can cone Se Fo nthe biblical counts laders suchas Abraham and Moves ed the Hebrews P| hoenician Trade “The Phoenician civilization, ike that of the Hebrews, developed along the eastern ede of the 1 By 2000 Be. the Phoenicians had become the fis major sea-golng elilzation. Ther ships ould travel long distances sing eiter sas oF {8 The Phoenicans established a large trade network. They also established colon es tn North ‘Ames, southern Spain, and on Islands in the Mediterranean Sea. 1m To make trade easier, the Phoenicians developed simple writing system that Used syrbols for Sounds instead of symbols for words or ideas the tae ote coor cas Pomme sar to vo crreen oe poe $v wie =e dycon SAHARA AFRICA arly Settlements and Civilizations UNIT ‘Warm & Laxcusce Development of Our Alphabet 1k *« A A 4 B 8 4 A D a E E Sumerians used over $00 symbols in their iting Phoaniclans used erly 2, Other cultures ‘opted the Poe'con3ymbns on wich our Phaeniclns controlled trade throuchout the Matiterrnesn Sea nd into the Alani cean— Cornecting cultures thoughout the rele. 5 6000 8. (8.c.£,) to A. (c£.) 900 bear hir pooner Ancient Feypt is longest lasting ebiieations in the world, “This evzaion began in a rWver valley nore than 5,000 years ao 1 Anciont Egypt arose along the Nile River m northeastern Asia, 1 The Ast 2,000 years of Egyptian, history are divided into three periods the Old. Middle, and New Kingdom | The ancient Egyptians developed an. ‘advanced eiviantion. They bust ets, Invented hieroglyphs (a form of simting), and ereated lange montiments uring te Old Kingdom,» song QGad Sovcrmen’ scabies Stealing ty Eigen ourng he de ago. Eo expres rn ane fe Mesgeatgaecd occa od ee om area” a te ®@ Capital a, etm See Tourands of worker ult age amide a tombe for Egyptian rulers Farmer helped when the Nile fooded. 16 ew Kingdom er eat begs lSddharths Gautama ieee) born ecreren cone Hindus write se wold aie pes Dom! eogit nna After the Middle Kingdom broke apa, Egypt was ule by the fiyeos people of Sia hen the Egyptians overthrew the Hiyksos {re began the New Kingsorn This ew Egypton enpre became thestrongest ond wealthiest nthe word i 4» (See aman afthe [neta fom he Ne ‘ew Kingdom OK ayptan vtory Rapin cefeat See map Afr comet eoens test al of china : easton teins perder ivautyan Empire lespta empire colapses [ter un asin ewiona mayo eave mer cites, ere Ikingdom of Kush als Exon Flooding of the Nile T+M AM) DAS OND “Te ile loaded around she ame tne tren year, depositing ih so for farming She Ube forth graph from 3 ore econ tne Exact ater levels may Mave [Been atferent in ancient Egypt Bee Rtesins mae ter alle. as and and eae lowly fields preparing the so Planting, cook # graph Bn whieh mont would they be plowing? AL he end ofthe New Kingdom, nobles land priests began to compete for power: The Euypian empire weakened aid began to lose teritory 1 Eqyp! was invaded by neighboring Libyans. The Libyans were among the first foreigners to rule Exypt As Bayi fll under foreign rule, the kingdom of Kush formed its own eulization based on Exyptian anv local cltares, 12 Kush ruled Byypt for almost 100 years, Unter it defended itself from the oven filers of Bayt sae | Kush and later kingdoms remained Cone am centers of trace between southera ‘Aftiea and the Mediterranean regan. egg teu th nace ayo Batic From thesoth and, | Kuh homens Grualyeorgveres | | Due oman erty t9 | x Cau ttn Seenumnteried | Ome Esypt nel oy to weedeat by | ACen Risyans yp boundary today ge ® ‘Compare the amount of time {hat eating led aye wie {he amount of ime hat foreign power ule. Whien foreign Power ued Egypt the longest? Powers That Ruled Ancient Egypt cit Egypt Chin India, and Mexico | UNIT 2 sh and Egypt trad with oath othe fa centuries. is pang om an Egyptian omb how apres Bom A atarc (ntettt 500 ac Enin aa or Os005 tases becomes ton productions Onc, a50 Gate tngsor sPidim conan Ke Kush tk Egyotan culture and adapted efor ample iSKush dre the cob ecm he main sure of on for muha easem ArKO, 4g Givilization in Ancient China China has one ofthe oldest eontinuots evirations fm the worl. Chinese civilization developed from ‘eo cary cultures ling fa two river valleys The earllest Chinese culture was the Yangshao. It developed 7,000 years ago fn the Hang He Valley, in what ts nw porter China The Longshan culture developed about 2,000 years later and eventually replaced ite Yahashao. 1 China's first dynasty or family of rulers emerged from the Longshan culture. Its leown as the Shang dynasty. 1 The Shang dynasty ruled a portion of what is snow China far more than 600 years, Rice wes fit yun Ue Ynnglce Valley endured 000" i beiame the main crop of routhora Chins fe ae sat =| ‘brea of early farming Stites advanced Sries zon Ecmpare whet woe Sroun northern China sth wnat ar grosn farther soot (a Vanashz, son 20002 i earseran, 3000-10006 Farming setement hate £ Fespread oc taming tena 20 Ancient Egypt Chin India and Mexico | UNIT? Drea sna ray se Scania Song emt The shang dynasty Untied most ofthe Stes setted by eater Shines ctor ine snow people sl ved Manat taming Soin, te Sebi, worry ples, “na eraapeople ve intarger tome wth Palaces and temple. Ws &Lenovce Development of Chinese Characters he Shang dynasty was er the beginning of Chin's Picoraph | character | chancter Bronze Age re the prea eer arc ttealn page 3) «> 4 F Seek ID ee kA 0 fae iting dvloped during te Shang © Se Stnle tices Seer acinons eye wd te ane ‘Farias s0 peopl oid commana ‘Riaghning fon ty bake a [Dp nasties of Ancient China _Afier the Shang dynasty was overthrown, {hee other dynasties helped expand, nil, nd develop ariclent China, The Zhows dynasty red for 900 years However, the Zhow had difieulty controlling their territory. | The Qin established China's first united empire, The name China comes from in, ‘whieh is also spelled Chin 1 The Qin were overthrown, and the Hax dynasty rose to power. The frst Han temperor reduced taxes and changed harsh laws What did Confucius say? “ie chee hope Contos ‘born around S81) developed 2 guide to living a mora ite is eochings ap ye, 98 ‘nell arto pala rule) became The Qin dmacty bagan the Great Wall of Chinato keep out Daroalan invaders tater synasesadaeu to te wall hs Section was bull during the Ming dynasty (ee page $3). The Great Wal is more than 000 ms Tong, Gad The Zhou dynasty rules only sal part hing and other seater {ugh for move pow Everly the hou est onto and ther oynanty fclapse ay Sp Satara attack BAB 2 ncient India and the Spread of Hinduism ‘One ofthe frst eivilzations and ane of the world’s How Big Is The Indian Subcontinent? oldest religions developed in ancien! India. 1 People began (oseitle in the Indus River Valley In south Asia about 6,000 years ago. Farming ASIA and herding communities developed An advanced evvilzation with carefully planned cites developed inthe valley. The Indus Valley Civization thrivec for 800 years WA targe group of nomads, the Ayan, sigiatet {o India: Thetr religious belles helped form a new religion called Himduism, What do Hindus believe? Hindus elie that al ving tings have many ven ing inns Me, you wil neon vise and a india is part of subcontinent that ncades the modern de bad ti ould come Dunes of al, Pakta, Bangladesh, Nepal St Link, Back asa ator even a gat! bhutan eter onder age Te). aa Compare tio the sizeof the Untied Sates Cri E: Each yoar the rivers of seis Vay Hoos ringing ich sa a ‘Water for eros. ies {rased with communities ‘2aos the Aablan Sea [nda fara Mesopotamia, gee ‘nds ley iain Bl Forming soon tne te Eat nhabant of nds = Oncor eRe ee owes wore bull of baked ocx and many ncient India and the Spread of Buddhism another major work Tada Buddhism Im adettion to Hind religion developed In 1m Buddhisin was based on the teachings of Stidhartha Gautama. He preached new way ofl to end silfering 1 The Mauryas united India and created te first loan empire, During thelr reign. Buddhist spread throughout India, lm Later the Gupta Empire emerges ‘They started'a golden age in India when cltie sind science thrived. ae What's nirvanat reat wisdons srceompangn ana be free fom ‘the ate Of peacefulness lcd Ilvane: Reaching mivana is the goel of Buachism. Cit) The name Buddha means the Enlightened One.” Sidanarva Gastoma wos gale Bana acne ot {oles good ie WoNoahy Bt es ka asia ana cits waunan erp, 21-2226 4 Spret of shim 520086 Inala wasmosty Hindu when the the lst Naunyn emperor heloed Soresd Buscham throughout india {ed to neghborng countries. ace yp Chis Ina, and Meso UNIT? intimates nl, ‘Spread of Buddhism, “@ pong Seapen goal eee t payee ich f hey ties can you find on map CP Which were centers ae of Busha? tH ° Cia) ivi ization in Ancient Mexico ‘The Olmee and the Maya were the earliest major Native American elviizations, Hoth developed in 1 eulzation developed along the coast of the Guilfot Meco Ps NM 18 The Olmee bull lange sculptures and were the fst people in the Amerieas to bald pyramids. Their 4 and religion influenced later cultures of Middle ‘America, including the May. 1 The Maya elvilization developed east of the Olmec I was one of the longest lasting eiiizations in the Americas, 1 The Maya used pietographs to record major events In thelr history on large stone sexiptures,. Many of these seulptures stl stand to Giant caring ike tis one were ved in ceremonias Dimecrelgiaus centes. The lngest heads were up to {otect tall and weighed sevea! tons. Why the difference? Asan, foe ms from ‘one another Seria lope ‘orron They ah esteated anima iarger than dogs except In Peru. dle Amen Eietastone bac. oie Brn Caste racer B sso “The Olmeecvilzation war the fst autre in the Americ to bulld ces with [aig religious canter. raged ith other ature ants at hasbeen fund ‘throughout Male Amerie 28 Aint yp Chin Ii, andl Mexico | UNEE2 Scanee & Temouoer Maya Contributions Architecture Calendar utesbante Drveoped acute tee 56s pani par felis Paper Astronomy Dele Waser eae anes fr me iii ton Peeing eines Mathematics Aavicture Great thetst edt fea, {amines rss ‘lus psn Tet gmtat fear nas The Maya had any accomplishments in art soiultre sironomy,ané mathemati Compare tis chat ath Te ree Large limestone pyramids with temples at thetop mere oul by te eye for religious {eremonies, “is pram it foeated inthe aya cy of Thal Pind Tel on map E oF Mexico Pacific ockan | yaseaeyass Oa re ae aes oud es peare eter of are and rami ‘are tede network Soveloped. Compare Mays troy on tis map tO Maya tertiory BD Praise i me 3000 2c. (0.ce) to a0. (c€) 500 oe ivilizations of Ancient Greece ‘The Minoans and the Mycenacans developed 2000 Kiros euiiations in the region of present-day Greece ecorees ades “Their achievements beeame the foundation of Greek cultsre 1 The Minoans were known as great artisans, Legends of thetr cleverness hecame part of Greek myths, 1m The Mycenaeans were ferce warriors. Throwgh conquest, they spread thelr culture around the ‘Aegean Sea. 1 Both cwilizations produced expert sailors. Around 1200 uc. they were destryed by invasion. Greek city-states recovered before 750 B.C. As the ety-states grew, they established new colonies ‘long the sea coasts, ‘Were used for elgeus als 22 | Snoring food the cer tat ‘veloped sround these poces ‘Were town a5 palace ces, Troan va, es sp hycentan iain 2000 Lap myeenaean conquest 1450 @ copia : 1M Paleo The Mycereans took contol of te region and conquered mncan Crete Afterwards they wre Shaped by the Minoan culture 30 peepee) ao. 398 histo bones te ota elon af the Roman Ep Roman cangusr Greeks, Greek “motherctes founded new (Ey Prensa nd 7086 The Greeks and the Phosnicane were wading pares! hast and rival. Compare this map with the map on page 15. Civ) now for heir slborate Bronze and gold work, Great eats an oboe (iacspenton royal graves filed wth treasures such sth gold mask ‘ihn areos da both Greets and Phoenicians sete? rrowth of Greek City-States Ancient Greece was a culture region, nota country. Soci Stucrae Iwas made up of independent city-states. Athens 510-338 1 1 Although Greek city-states shared the same Tanataxe and religion, they had ifferent forms Citizens of government ‘Have to stings Eom ieee | ine rersian tmpire threatened to conquer Greece 1 Scent sar hol offs. an vote, me. The most powerlul Greek city-states united to ‘rat land- aang estos ae overcome Persian forces, tment sd owe 1 The city-state of Athens was the birthplace of democracy and a leading cultural center of the + ore at atom non tenn Greek word, Tis ideas influenced Inter clilizaions, fee pre 1m Wars between the two most powerful eity-states, ene Athens and Sparta nearly destroyed Greece Meats bribes mmr extensor staves eps of rg apes, 2 Gro onnlaree, : In Athen, 3 man’s place in society was based on his Daren Ail women in Athens were consiaaved the Broperty of ther Sather, husbands, or owners steam women were rare een outside te home, Grek soe Ps =p a canes % Seeiveroy remo After Athens and Eretria helped the lonian revolts, Persia invaded European Greers twice. Athers ard Sorta ergangea the cy states to ‘ess the ivasons erably the Grecks defeated the Berson Emp EUROPE Mediterranean Sea |naytiassvon resanfcl ‘nit Gres nd Rome | UNITS Vea (EB eras, sown adalien (Forres = sien oep movant S Sitrcco nore AK Athenian victory: Ba chee ser ya Soe Mediteranbit Sa0 “para was the most powerful cy sate on the pein ol Peloponnesis ‘then controle mos ofthe cty-sates along the Aegear Sea, Polanged Warfare between Athens and Sprte permanent weakened the region. Cri) Gomer a Democracy in Athens. Socrates of Athens encouraged hia studnts to auesion fverything to find wth and ve bytnor tur, Ths Soeate ‘method would become the bass [fall ter Greek philosophy. ‘The Athenian government was det demeracy. Ary mae ciizen could me personally sere inthe government rather than through repsesentatves. Cited 3B he Conquests of Alexander the Great Alexander the Great, king of ancent Macedonka bhutan empire tha stretched trom Greece to Ind, Years of fighting had weakened the Greek Cly-states, Macedonia, a kingdom in hnorinera Greece. conquered the ertire region fa Then Alexander tured to the east and conquered the Persian Empire 1m When Alexander died, bis generals divided hls empire into separate kingdoms 1 Alexander's conquests led to the mixing fof Greek eutture with the cultures of conquered lands. Alexander's conquests spread reek socety ares western Asa ‘This Greek aie rele! of him vot {und insidon a major Phowniean cryin Lebanon, How Big Was Alexander's Empire? Covi Alorander’s vast enpie included land on Europe, tia, and Ala: Compare eto the Sie of the United States. > toute coneus @ pn ‘ om sine =. 34 “Ancient Gren! Rome UNIT orfore Alexanders Empire won the largest Compare tis a wth of ‘loranders empire had bean ruled bythe Fess) reverse @ cao Oe aa Ts a stein ars rd ees Care Imouneain. Insome ares, Alexander moved his Woops along road the Persians hed bu. 35 36 [yrom Roman Republic to Roman Empire Rome was founded as a small cty-state, then became a republic. and eventually grew into a powerful enpire 1 Rome became a republic in 500 u.c. The republic fame t@ have a democratie government {8 The Roman Republic gained land through conquest. As the republic grew. so did its army. » 1 Civil wars destroyed the Roman Republic ‘The republic became an empire by 27 8, Ted by'a single ruler. 1 The capital ofthe republic and the empire was the city of Rome, ulus caesar in red, as a popular general and oltician. Hs conquest of Gon allowed him to ‘The republic fist expanded beyond aly ddunng wars witht neighborog tv Carthage after Carthage was defeated the oman conquared forte lie of Carthage, 7 7—a WW / / HBcnney sec @ anes / epitome . Worth 50 Sh Romer victory ape scent Cane = se a ae / ezomes republic SA Mase a : oni a 3 pl | tt SAHARA Eck ‘Ancient Greece and Rome | UNITS. Mie es center of Rowe, ater, Roman emperors expanea te city ce {emble, government offices and entertainment centers Ty balan ovement Wasson gee ‘Bected ofits so lates known ocoss “rm soso cy solitay ot vere assassinated sees yi Fano ro vom bet tg te i ars estes esas somnmertoty nt eee ole he Jules Csr restephe, ate ced Agus Ande mies fought wing hadtotand Oe sees ery anesthe Ge tnd tcecorane "a tpr end casts be pene poe sara oie Romer lo fener 08.7 Ron ky eae Resend ouege ce onary overvowng emperor iag obra Stations 37 [eleignt of the Roman Empire After the change from republie to empire, Roman territony continued (o expand, At its height. the Roman Empire ruled the entire Mediterranean region 1 Strong Roman rulers brought peace and wealth to the region during a period called “Pax Roman.” 1m Roman roads and sea routes connected the empire, Long distance trade thrived 1m The Roman Empire included many different cultures ‘Trade and a common language helped unite the empire, Serr Oxyemartinttar eae The Roman Empire wae eh with Important espurces, nich grin and metal Reheat ty rman fepubicin enc Trade Goods petalgarsoyan.o7 rin i impern gareby 180 West fa Citar region warble @ contd ron = feman rot Broom ame Sarat ays Inthe empire Sener 8 Teamotscr ‘Contributions of Rome ritation Bu aque races ot po bah deer AP Anwint Grsc and Rome UNIT Architecture 1 esgne ge stone domes rate ag des spces ‘dcr, eles rene pubic Construction Tansportation Damn uten stam Tala ptm of ih pect aero dave ove 5000 + Spanaed ena on sag fms on forever aoadmrenar Degreasing ons ote sete roman “The Romans were experts jn construction, They developed concrete,» trong durable building a ae aan ele and any reste on ctin se Ct How Big Was the Roman Empire? EUROPE Romane languages compare hs gp with mp on pe 24 © BERET Se ederanea eon {nd Wistrn Europe for cen. Alo ax Shue natn sect eed Stes. Cm) Were 8 ancunce Latin Origins of Modern Languages sero foro nero s tere te eine lzser setae na poten tamans engages bad on ain Elan ot Romance language, Many of fi words have Latin root, but many others donot udaism and Christianity in the Roman Empire Jews and Christians Under Roman Rule sJudasen andl Christ The king of Judea voluntary joined than’ Jews objected to foreign rule fm Many sews felt Juclea for greater ‘economie opportunities. 1 Christianity began as a branch of ‘hudaism. After stents died his Tallowers spread through the empire, Roman leaders persecuted both Jevs and Christians, but Jewish Chistian communities continued teapresd. Eventually Chrsvanty As non-Jews joined, Christianity bbecaame its on religion, 1 Both Jews and Christians were became the offal eligion nthe Ramen Ema. persecuted by the Romans. Aer {vo major revolts, the surviving ews were expelled from their homeland! MK sewisn eves 40. 66-135 ee th iran route "ayn Jen community by 49.200 ‘rca wher ea ied by ab 20 ‘ater the est eulohyevle In nn ard the destruction of Jeraalem inva. 70, many Jews fed Judea, Tas movements known ae Jes Blair Ancient Giese and Rome [UNITS , - oe Be i Tamas 4 : Je ) fn earns aay Spread of Christianity fae During the Roman Empire $F Gymn citi crmnty 49 00 |r mE chy chatan commun 40 300 er Osis by tice or ine cory erin teaser Paul ter 3 rvs were Crt ed 0.300 ‘Gheatancommuntes were ersolahed slong important & seman eneire nas 180 trade roves in other pats ofthe Roman Empire readin the caters Mediterranean region. fcimmunities, Here he fsshow In Athens. PDJeciine of the Roman Empire Corrupt rulers and constant wars weakened the Roman Empire. By the end ofthe 1008, only the ‘easter hallof ihe empire had survived, 1 Cuil wars, disease, and famine created disomter Uroughowt the empire AL the same time, migrating barbarians from Europe and Asia invaded the empire. They claimed land for their own kingdoms, In 395 Roman territory was divided into the Western Empire and the Eastern Empire By 476 the western tands were no longer under Roman control. The Easter Empire continued to thrive, Constantine, shown here being baptized, is known as What a barbarian? fe Cristo emperor Hewat te st maj Tre word barbarian comes rom a Greek sult "emperor io rule te united Roman Empire onan creck fo the Grek other ISrguoges a or nonsense The fomars ed discribe peopte who wore uncised whch show we sek ty [Bi esten tre 8 tantra n war or bande, 250275 @ co 9 Soren of page Or tne jae Osa Ra 8s 9 gee te, ae (iidd Into westera and eastern regions Each region oa od byte oun emperor. The empire was ever reunited Asien Gress and Rome [UNITS By 476 invaders had Ecnquered most o ores to rest ‘radars ong ster thewestem Empire eolpsed Ciengon ‘Top 10 Cities n2500 om cae a ‘The Huns tered both Romans and ether barbarians, Tribes ‘a 500 Constantinople had tom the Hors by ivading ne empire. A Romar-barbaran CB) become one of the wore’ linac stopped the Huns, but the Wertern Empire was ‘reat ce tecively destroyed Empires and Cultures of Asia UNIT FJeas Travel the Silk Road Between AD. 400 and 1500, cultures of Asta, Aiea, and Europe came into closer contael with one smother. 1 The Silk Road ane! other trade mutes helped link alsiant areas. Trade and travel merensed f= Traders and armies brought ideas and inventions Tron one region lo another 1 Religions such as Christanity, slam, and Buddhism linked large regions ‘Silk Roed and Other Trade Routes OA2IBBYEILS ‘The digits 0-9 that are used by people allover the Wor today ae called Hind Arobie numerals. This System was developed in nla aver bunds ‘ear and then spreed wertward lhe Spread of Islam Islam emented in Arabia In the 600s And grew into a major world reign, 1 Muhammad was the founder of Islam, He wats both a political and 2 religious leader The early leaders of tslam bull large empires. Many ofthe people they conquered became falowers of Islan, or Muslims, 1 Later through trade, Tela spread into regions that were Fol rled by Msi, The Quran aso splles Kora) the holy book of lam. Ie inludes bse religious dates of all Mustins, 751 ins proves Cane | {aver of Wome tones dream a 87632 04:honemae) 65 (pe four ale) i eyss0 tumayad na Ribaas tna | em asin amis, 1@ tamiecotal aa RATAN one ore as os aden. Cri |rowth and Decline of the Byzantine Empire “The Bastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire, Ie tlssted the Western Empive hy early 1000 years The Byzantine Empire had many enemies. Islamic ‘empires, led by Arabs and Turks, eonguered mlich of the empire, '@ Constantinople, the capital, was a major trade center, Wealth from trade was spent t0 keep the ‘army strong, Alter 400 years of fighting, Turkish invaders fonquered the empire y This mesaic, an image made from small bis of Te Sas ay a by ay emperor eiraating ; Cand thdre s/f SAHARA 1G Aague curt 540 Ais yewtet exert d former Romen Empie, {tphlalan te tet an rie Epis ruled iach of te terry ofthe oy disease ad mitary calenges mode kde 4g |_ tone ang and Sung Dynasties of China Doring he Tang and Sung dynasties, trade as well as fonet between China and neighboring cultures increased. = Under the contol of the Tang dynasty. trade along the Sie Road flourished, Wt Like the Byzantine emperors, Tang and Sang rulers defended thelr realm agaist many invasions by neighbors. 1 By ‘he end of the Sung dynasty, however, the Mongols had conquered all of China ony Tang dynasty Sa (or nn 0-960 sora rst 27 Ti Surgenge,271279 qm Chinese mireion Se Although Ghnas boundaries shrank during the Tang ard Suna dynasties, farming advances helped Is population grow. pins and Caltures of Asia UNIT 8 oO |he Mongol Empire Spans Eurasia “Mongo bes swept seross Asia and Europe, creating de a Ue argent empires in world Histor. f2 The Mongols were nomads who ogy ved inthe dry gransande of Coral Asay Tey were ‘cellent horsemen and ruthless warrior, t8 The Mongols conquered llamie and Chinese iuplres and destroyed major ees alan the Si ead {8 During Mongol rule ride and cultural exchange Jn Europe an Asta increased 12 Mongol rulers spread Islamie and Chinese Eure througout the Kno is Hasation shows 3 Mongo atk on 2 ea eighsoring kingdom Mango! bates often The Mongo ald tnded i destruction an brutal massacres Tltary sll mace tiem > a eat to detest | is doc" EI) . reticle, \, PP es ys" x E é 3 : oe peice 1260 bvengols stopped A ae Ve ID azar, RS a cr ah ‘Mongol Em ee La a e178 RS tarps WA ior? Be wera $ ‘ ; Breton Btn 99 ‘i - ronan : Se ra i | monlocenn | {ore i =e finptes and Caltures of Asa [UNIT How Big Was the Mongol Empire? Cio) ingdoms of Southeast Asia Unite tts neighbors India and China, Southeast Asta did not develop large empires, The region eas male by many small Kingdoms. 1 Many culture groups lived in Southeast Asia, Ther kingdoms were often at war 1 Kingdoms were influenced by Indian and Chinese cultures Hinduism and Buddhisin spread throval the reson, 18 The Khmer kingsdom of Angkor developed one ofthe region’ Tongest-lasting elizations Angkor Wat, ui inthe 1100s, Ie ocean the ancient ty of Angkor, Th relgous ‘montment spat ot the rapn' ltgest {empe comlex tarde te in temple comples INDIAN OCEAN adit temple comes nites nd Cares of Asia [UNIT Alter almost 00 years of foreign rule ta China, the Ming Gynasty restored Chinese control. Ming rulers bronght political ‘hd cednomie sow fo hina sok, 1 Ming emperors ended Mongo rte. They rebut resions cree of the empire damage! trom years of war, £% a {To rebut northern China, Ming rulers moved the 2 opal Yo Being an encouraged people to move inti norh 1 In the 1600s rebellions and war weakened the Ming ‘dynasty. Northern invaders then conquered China Porcelain, also known ashing, was invented hring the Tang Syst. Ts poresiain vase shows de une Ming sy % . sn ( eae 4 wing empire 1600 ®@ copia ee Naorimpor Ts jor expo er Great wot a ina bund ty Oczna atawes mercer vate fener ny he grenent ous egaty trade outside chino. What were Ching’s mah exper Crea) 53 rom Imperial to a Feudal Japan Unlike mainland Asian evillzatlons, Japan was rarely Ureatenod by tnveders. However, Hwa influenced by pelghboring cultures. | Japan's religion, written language, and government ‘were based on ideas fram China and Korea. 1m Streng emperors muted early Japan. Over time, evil wars divided Japan into Uny kingdoms with theic own rulers W bs ben coflet desrnsd amor lea Signs ate with giborng eo east me Gorgon Sine Constant Cuht 310.000 = moon rb) xom 8 scot imo Ceaintact nei tcojng Ce Yom ‘mer weakened he spars Fest ie $5500 pela! power fy V8 ogune Aon odd nim Genera oak ov asthe os Kaen ia) ‘oon foie of apn Kyoto wes the imperial, or the emperors, capital Seng mperal power maze Rte one othe Maas Ci pacific Ocean 558 na fay anne qn apes? sie commanser anionic Soom Stmucone Japanese Feudal Structure, 1467-067 mergea Japan, cal s Shiny, Salged the _ lena ot tio ede power of theshogune | p——— Witharmie of paid” Shogun Daimyo Loca ‘Simural Compare ee scharewrth the arr eng ‘throm page 68. Samurat saquranéaaim oss sh Mercrants and Artisans surest wel lage and Peasants ote 07 If they fought with swords, why were they called sho-guns? Inthe late 1500s egal and legal Ban ‘aganese trace creased in East, {howand lapene ved outside flap, Some traders pane ote atts, ® opens opt! ete Se fips and Calas oF Asa Samui fllowed a sit honor ode called bushido, or "way of ‘he varior” They valved honesty, outage, ar ighting Ss paciic ‘ocean 55 Many diferent cultures developed in Affica after Egypt and ash (see pages 18-19), 56 cor me Masi Arb nace ‘Christianity i sopra Scan & Teomo.oer Bantu Innovations = arly Civilizations of Africa 18 The Bantu people of western Africa spread east and south ee beginning around 500 5c. They spread ironworking. Frodcedion tos eave pl, farming, and herding across central and southern Aiea, fuchaboweroes Gaur a yesrain ‘In the east, Axum became a strong empire. It defeated eeeeees pee Ree it (ush and controlled trade on the Red Sea a 1 Axum Kings converted to Christianity, increasing contact, Poe is between eastern Africa and the Mediterranean region. Sinonghed teh ‘patna recs nia ede at ate a ot sleeping sickness in central and southern peaking tarners and herders migrates tor about 1,500 years. They combined with aca cultare groups ‘cept n reas unstable fos forming, Tsay ere re ‘ines avout atu farmer could not {se plows. They asa needed trope that ‘ould surive heat, Hoods, and drought. ‘ore than 300 ferent Santa cute grows Cid deadly seping kre We stfontatse ATLANTIC ‘OCEAN Boo SB iss a ane roduc farming se rnwcrtg < Gis. sara aspen care a Ino. 700 e [Gan becomes thst oe ove" Ayyubid satan Slain Empire imest ea [Tonia apres lesa ror en. +100 ao. 1338 reat zimbabwe “Songhai foavaissouhem empire frederoutes exablahed Almosvie| Kilwa is one of theaties Sahil ces. mou the centr oral ure “Where does it come fromt “The royal tombs of Axum have large sels or stone ‘monuments carvedvlih false {doors and windows These Ie tor the tomb of ing Ezane, fhe fest Cvistan ig RSTn, o 3 TS ry Li ‘edkerseeanregon. © kngdom of Axum spheian Bepncct eet row rade pea ee Cataract (waterfall sina eerie || ae ‘axa controlled the ‘ory and inenve ade toindia and the Byzantine Empire ‘Aram fought Persia for ‘Control of remen an ‘abla jane betore fiarammad wat born Intec ee page 40, Oxo 30 ec ag tera 57. slamic Kingdoms of North Africa Muslims began conquering the Byzantines ane Vandals ti North Arica In 639 (ae page 46). However: Mi North Alficans soon gafned independence fom th Talartic empires further east 1 Arab migrants and the indigenous Berber people formed new kingdoms, ‘These Iengdoms expand into sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and southwest Asia, ara donclsennkias issu 1 North Altea grew as a center of learning. Muslim and Jewish scholars wrote books on mathematics, science, ‘and phlosophy ee page 66). These books later fnienced Western Fxirapean thought 1 North Aftea also became a major center 0! trade North Afiean goods and merehants movee across Burope, Asia. and Afra, AGED i ‘Thieilusration shows warriors from the Fatimid Caliphate. The Fatima conquered Egypt and later founded Caio, ‘anger against the greed of Musi euler in Spin and Arabia ed the Fatman ) Aimorevir to power Their kingdoms faced coninsous ets or Gusta, ther Z a FF nL] Sn above te ‘Amora Ei, 186-1147 AE Ac Bnpites JUN From Western Europe (seepage 7-H dynasty, ‘the Ayyubiy survived unl Shen cade ivaced a Ton Batuta wes born in Morocco, He vied nearly every amie ounty and sever non om counts Hs ‘vel contans sos ofthe best Sscratons offen the 1200s, Cn) 59. [Bpires of West Africa 1 Alrican empires developed south of the he Sahel regio. These Kingdoms 1° wealthy through Wade producing areas and ihe southern end of the Saharan trade rates 1 Aller Ghana fell. new Islamic empires grew {inthe same area, Fist Mal then Songhat controlled the goid and the southern trade route Trade cities such as Jenne and Tinbukt were centers of West African learning for Westem Afran ces developed along trade routes to the Mediterranean. Te ey of ennes nthe modern ‘unity of Mall romans trading cenee TB shana enpre @ Conia To one irae exact when the Ghana Empire was exablshed. By 700 tt Ghana vote most powerful kingsom in West Afvia.The Amoravde = 8) probably weakened or denroyed the ema 60 ee Pane 58 probably i Akan Empires UNITS Empire around 1230. The Mal Empire Spread islam thoughaut West Atria New horse armies were able > ‘move quickly atom the Sah Mansa Musa (King Moses ruled Mali from 1332, Hie wenth became legendary outside oF Aitza wen eset of on his wish over 70,00 servants and 12 tons of gol un Al ead 9 revolt against Mal, establishing the Sooghal Empire Even the empare grt, West Atican wade was Shing from the Sehara to he Avante 6 on frican States and ‘Irade “Trade strengthened Affiean states and ‘npires aa linked fhe economies a Alrlen, Asi nd Exirope. In East Africa, fstamnte and Incligencotts Alcan culties mixed {0 form a new culture called Sway, Sahl ey: states developed along the cas. = Bantu farming villages grew into ‘many’ dillerent states throughout tenia and southern Aiea 1 Before 1500 most African trade went eros the Sahara oF Co the "The Shona of southeastern Africa bulk Gres: Zimbabwe a a trade Z) comer snd capital Ts wale srea nas detyed took ike 3 traportant goods within Aten, ci pen ros ova of te hng wet toate rest trade with the rest of the world, 1 Salt and gold were the most important goods within Africa By 1600 many states had 8] emerged in Central and had dherse cures xem of government, ‘elglons beets mt Europe wit) in the Middle Ages 418 to 1492 hinodvss Viking fist aid ses efnetnty to elon, onan ala rly Kingdoms of Medieval Europe During the Middle Ages or medieval era, many Europeans were poor, uneducated, and violent fm Carly i ce Midle Ages, barbara bes Settled In Western Burope and established their own king 1m Barbarian kings, wanting to be as ebvilzed as the Romans, became Roman Catholte 1 One Frankish king, Charlemagne, conquered ich of Westen Europe and launched ‘edueation reforms, conquered the Bavarian. "ava He hoped to restore the Roman Empire inthe West Here hi army bates the Saxons OSGi ee ith the Kinison this map. V ae: — Barbarian Kingdoms ‘atarin Kingdoms i oan pre eatin in an ‘ie Barron bo Oa Vsigcts anne Sit harsran nso. SAHARA First Crusade scaled Plegue-itecte at ottomans corquer trope tite sre nly eaneantinple Mundred Years Wor fo | Oris CCharlemagne’sFrankish Empire [Expansion Under Calemagne arena empie, 271 Tig rea ve [ote ot nen over Ke ite @ copra Charlemagne’ ‘empire ontended beyond whats (ands that re now Germany. Fay Strela Belgium, andthe Netheranes ftp spresd Grstanty nto ‘cone Education in the Frankish Empire Win can sat Afterth fall of Rome, cdictningen Vester — Suton ede lo Europe collapsed. Monts ‘some celine of erétacats Ssretaneeopled oskeand | Ganache raps el meg ‘steko eater eed tire tae ee. at ale shod Suey Siok anys ic oh cay cy ge aired eng omrtg cn and mise he ess At that ime, lewons were taught in Latin. Charlemagne brought in teachers om Engian, ireland, Span, and aly. Bt, without meney oF enough teachers, Charlemagn’s education reform vas largely area ae loorish Spain In 711 the Maots, Muslims from northwestern Area, invaded Spain, Their Telante Kingdome eurvived in ‘Spaln and Portugal for BOO years, 1m The Moors brought learning back ers to'Spain wath ancient Greek and m few Arab books on selence, math, Tous ‘ind philosophy Fnac (Many Moorish kingdoms were esene inobom tolerant of Christians andl Jews 1 Over the centuries, Chrtstians from northern Spain, France. and [England fought to push the Moars out of Europe. ee ‘Moorish Conquest Ss wor oy to ae Mast orth ono 78 ought thetway’ |] Moorish gin. 711-718 across Spanand |) chan con 79 fortuna cision cece ‘nd held oxen ‘nan visor atures oe ap tte Tis mosque in Cordoba he Mexquta, Was once aVsigath Chistian shure {Toe Moors started rebuling fin 784, ting mater fom an old Roman, The Moors improved upon mathematics, medicine, and technology {emp on tne ste Today the baling from the Eom ee pager £48), Therert of Western Europe wat ‘uted sta Roman Cathal athe Significant behind Spain in these seas. Hee Europe inthe Midle Ags unt iking Impact on Europe a at Vikings came from Seandinav Norway. They Denmark, Sweden, and 1m Vikings terrorized towns along the coast ‘vets of Europe. They murdered villagers ‘and looted ind burned thelr town Srvellanineeland and Greenland.” ©) nate fos w Yngnin eniedNonh mene, etna each cea x LET 300-1000 Vinge ale orpernceelong tole Weoudlnd Eee "i Raa 4 Ay: ~/ easly (ES seein ngs ‘ nn feudalism and the Holy Roman Empire uh there were kings during the Middle Ages, power was held ers. and fortified castles. The result wa 1 One leader, Olt , created a feudal empire later called the Holy Roman Pipe. tn the empire, local leaders held the real paver 1m The Holy Roman Empire survived for over 800 years. he Middle Ages Feeds ROWED RECEWED tro bese exchange. aati Agnc " Exsocal” —/ Lowantorda Knott omy og cl pronded Stewscet Loxds Theses Lande ed ‘ grother clas "Beringht_ baer hs te forland| igs (G2 1215 Enalsh barons ores) forced oe inary serie unten odd toe King Joh 20 sign te Magna Cars, See cal wo tr Great Chater Ts document — fisted the power of he ng ana Ast la anata ss and atl conaiered porto he Engish pee Seat totam @ Manor (ores tome) 8 corer ou © haisgona © viisae © Community pate © vos ct In much of Europe, lors owned manors ks this one, Paasents who were the 0 Lanes ort property of thi lods were caled srs Sets arma land both Yor thet lord, who pronase ‘Note usual nobles, and for tharsalves. 68 arope inthe Mile Ages [UNIT 6 Holy? Roman? Empire! ono rope eh ter imple. tee a of eight crusades in whieh Europe sent dive Muslims ron the Holy Lar especialy from Jerusalem, 1m Thousands of Muslims, Jews, p het i the rata Ging {8 The crusades did not win perma ° Bt they had the acekdental be ile and Knowledge of other cultures, ‘and Christians nt Christin control When the First Crusaers captured hey massacre 40,000 Muslims an 9 the way led a many Crusaders at ceo ‘rates ar so below The Crusades, 1092~ sive 199.192) +08 so 22| amg AIM tivetn Byrantne] ——agaast Cruader| Jessen ‘oni ‘ates ver a span of two centuries, Crusaders eft forthe oly Land eight ties, Which sade was the longest? The Crusader States [Bi toman cate ares TB omar cist aes TB biome Cra sates, 140 “The Fist crusaders vided he land they caren thet Ex 0 protect these states. Islamic Victories saeen291 sorte septum ono |B omens Arte eight crusades vino | FE onnoen Catan reo Canedtfe waddle tas | SB orto Suan or se! ere SAenaD i ae sy arp in the de Ags | UNE ode lar a rade as iy as Sere cet Spat tah octane n rece Routes and Plague fury inthe Mile Ages UNIS. Pits ferent the Greek carvige on pagee Tea. Sther tenaieance seuptors inaded Donato, clin, and Verrochi. a7 [Reformation and Counter Reformation During the Reformation, Western Ch groupe: Roman Catholics and Prote ty split into two In 1517 Martin Luther, a Catholic monk, began the Reformation. 2 mvenient to reform the Roman Catholic Church 1 Luther disapproved of the Chureh’s practice of fadulgences, the pardoning of sins for money. This and other eileismns fo the creation of separate Protestant churches © Conficts between Catholics and Protestants caused wars throughout Europe, Why are they called Protestants? Protestants got thei name from Marta Luther, shown preaching here, thought Protesting speaking xt ages, mans shouldbe gen nthe congregations {ve suthaity ofthe Cathal Chr Tate language reer than Latin He ao Provemanti she name for mos. Gots and warlated hymns and the Ehsan fon Catholic and non-Orthodox a neo he nae lnguoge Sorman hein eres Reformation Europe Predominant Region 1560 a tis om avn (Dear otodor (Binet cesar iain q ee Same ee ’ 1542 Renan nation eset testa thera, caine Anglan, ard other Prana hurheropldly gamed flowers Which gq Dissonance as? From Renee to Enlightenment UNE ‘Counter Reformati i toman cathobe iter Brain [rottant etree sen orthodox any tiers Getholc efforts to stop the spread of Protestant became known asthe Counter Reformation. Religious confcs and ard dsputes erupted into the Thirty Year? War Cry Began oman hale Sateatiy* Boer Pap Cana ihe Cann Ontodon—ttcetay* Aer Pare and Boge ves crn ga one ot nn a Ree eines snes te Referens Courter Reformation. They sl exis todey eter with te same ‘names ore the foundations of more recent church, 89. Height of the Ottoman Empire Oise inure rete Soeur toe pce vader Have a cnet hone ae i ten by Nave cansuion baal tialoreonsasoy prone Hae ag its and piiges +f end by mts “fremenbers of paianent [So Sas seme : poker foes « B| Swan teres lige ie BE Frere very : — FB reltencer aoe | “i errencen Se ap show boundaries of 182 a re au eee ——— Pjndustrial Revolution Changes Europe ‘The Industrial Revolution changed the way goods were produced, which ‘changed the way people lived and worked. ese changes are g Ieoown as industriazation. \m Machines were developed to produce goods faster and in steater quantities Coal powered these machines. 1m Factors were but near coal deposits, Cities near {he new industeal areas grew larger and larger. lm The Incistrial Revoltlon began in Great Britain ‘But incustrialization quickly spread to other parts.6, Burope and (0 North Ameries Nort» sea How did industrialization affect people's lives? tn 1750 mo tah Q posers dey hand fo Yea ler mo tls Te mcinonate intecone ATErtaln became industrialized, tis grew larger. Compare map Siwith map A: Howe many more thes wth over 100,000 people ‘ere thee In Britain fn the Unite Kingdom) by 1850? > costing “Bron faces © RSS 100 ‘Tadistrial Revolution Spzeadsin Europe ationalism Sweeps Europe he fll of Napoleon, kings trie ta return Eusrope Win 1815 many kings and princes of Europe met at the Congress of Vienna. They returied power to kings wito hid been removed by Napoleon. In 1845 uprisings erupted across Europe. Many people were unhappy with thelr rulers and foveraments. 18 By 1878 the map of Burope had changed! again ‘New countries sand boundares vere created Whose country is this? “The Austin Empite sled Hungarians, Talans Cech, and ters. Supporters cf nationalism argued that te ovr “Srourashoule have tote on counis ‘Sith democrat consteatons. Revolution swept Europe in 1888. German workers, suchas tote tre ere ner fou for socal tthe Congress of Vienna, the boundaries of eons were redrawn Compure theron wth the | Barapa Afierthe tmap on psge 90: Notice at sie andthe a ‘usar erpie te ie. ‘Congress of Vienna 1 @ cont eo See ‘od oy tinge a pcs 102 Revoltons and nian [UNITS Revolutions in Europe, 1915-1850 Came, iy ey Frain oer Ax Pham kent mbes Fonte PS Fence FM Deane ML Fronce MG rome DK a femme Misyteees loins tomar ae en lecin Foe ping levis Fetes ML ‘The cart 1805 was atime of grat soil unrest in Europe. “ere were mary cause for uphewal and t wae (0. Cara mony thatthe te for change had rv Ci ‘New Countries of Europe ® casas 171 Govan tae no {2foon Gurman emi Kingdon hang ne te | | In some places nationalism united counties, while in oer places aided ther. Compare mar Smash nao Whee the ovcsion inthe tein ead tsewnatons Ci) 103 For centuries European imperialists had elaimed lend in Asia and the Paci for tne purpose of ‘eontroting trade, 1 Asian products such as tea, porcelain, and Sill were very popular and valuable in Europe and the Americas 18 Most of Japan's and China's ports, however, were closed {o Buropean ships and goods. By 1860 American and Best troops had forced them to open. 18 Rebel lords overthrew Japan's ruling shogun for not protecting the coumtry from foreigners European counties controlled ‘or fortorio from northern ‘has tthe south Pac ‘mich countries neater dsisvere not under Eorapean Sa Bsynsn tea Sater 104 sae mperialism in Asia and the Pacific ‘Commodore Matthew Perry ofthe United sates {cemtentreatenee to atace Edo, the epital of Span unless goveramant oficial agrees to meet ‘shim, Pery forced them to sgn treaty opening Sapam to wade withthe United Staten paciFic OceAN Bntih attacks and US. treats SS Orerenncersaes? gered many lopanese by Signing unfavorable ew tetie, Febal ors (daimyo secretly fran an army and overtiew Fin'tne lords then emored the [impror to power ond worked {asin the new eats. Siar JAPAN, 6 @ sromuncaptal ® impera apiat || reer rcon movement Rotel sprang S89 of oan pacific ocean [feperiatism Continues in Asia ‘As European countries anid the United States expanded: {heir empires in Asia and the Pacific, Asian resistance increased in European and American territories, Asians rebelled Against imperialist control without success. ie Chinese royal family (red (o protect ancient raditions. They supported an uprising the Boxer Rebellion, to force forelgners ott. The Fev fled mperor decided his eountty needed to we. Japan developed a western army and.an ‘economy. Soon Japan, to, became powerful snd Iinpertalistie, and ft qutely won tive was, ‘One group called “Boxers kled toward of {Sreignrn, neluing the Germen smbastada 5 independence toms "| | (ong rom fore ful. Inala solders fired by the Ere, called “Sep0)3 ‘rebelled against brea re eteated Nim) “eeitores nd Coon Benn Se Shen cu cn tne ines by wea, 8741075 TB nigga nee: npome ussoJanese Wor Pagan army > tists niny e Nawal and Puerto Gti) ‘Top 10 Cities, 1900 Revolutions and Imperialisa | UNIT “qth fo modern army, Japan began to are out Wyown empie in aa. By 1905 the esfeated Cina and Russa ane gained Formosa an Korea. 2200 3330000 2707000 ‘71700 ‘sa000 ‘a7 000 143900 ‘asom0 vateooo Piladlpia Una Sta) In 1900, the anges tes were in countries that had experienced an luton re pages 100-101). Where were most ofthese “buntes oetea? ch anon country had an nds revokution? Cri 107 [Jmperiatism in Africa ‘Alter the slave rade was abolished, Europeans Ino for ew sources of wealth ty Ac ‘years, Europeans took over almost aol ‘European counties elatmed land in Africa to'make a profit from resources. expand story. and gain power 1 The European competition to cain Aican land beearne known as "The Seranble for 1 Africans often tried resisting European Impertaiam. bust only twa Alsi sates remained independent, Uni the late 18005 there were many Inepensent Afrcon ates ad most European colonies ca were slong ‘low Big Was Britain’ in land of eatin fod we The Beton conquered and de upone use 0 al ranatpp, a SI seme 7 Rifles and cannon were faster and deadlier thon the weapors of Afans. Despte 3 emarkable eal vetry the Zl above, tere conquered by the Brisk nsx months. 930-F008 Arcs fo stra niger fom he rend gee ¥ Eutopean leadersmet In 1864 to peaceuly vice clas on ‘ain lands acane had'no sa nth oreament By 1614 Fropean clones had Been setup n of Aticn, + ahexisian Bors ieee Doorman coy by sets rs Relation and prion | UNIS .voltionay France organized huge conscripted ies, leading very Pgh casualties. By contrast, ra profess val armies fought colo wars th ‘ewer ose oI sey un + moa ‘cea a soon Dinner sae 7H Mojo arg hs fig over South Ne. 109, 10 Revolution [pine minster tay rid War I Changes Europe Jn 1914 an Austrian archuluke was assassinated by a Serblan ‘rationalist Austria Hamgary declared war on Serb, and miliary” Billanees seon brought most of Europe Into the conf tw The war was fought between the Central Pavers and the Allies ‘The main Central Powers were Germany. Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. The Allles included the United Kinggom, France, Rissia, Serbia, nd ater the United States 1m New technology. espectally machine uns and chemeal weapons, made World War I deadlier thar previous 98 Germany rere Bowes Fighting along the Western Front, the mox important battleground, was deadlocked. For over vee years the tensive svength ofthe tranches prevented the armies on woth sides fom ganing ground, fitarmest year Pec 2 Ices US forces cs ° O teint ee et ieee op ene ‘iat anagram Solaivate e of Dictatorships tnd sce iaton, freedom aero, Tora aeatosio ser toca and \irrng se fononge rules ‘enforced, ard ‘Sten persecuted, ‘The Rise of European Dictators wentth Cnty an yond UNE 0 conan estore B see operons ‘Goverment Workers othe wei rte: ‘All within the state noting ‘Yourove rating toloe Sut Sua the stte ating yours Spat he state en ena sn = PEG] rsa one inter sit ounedy te pve ty ne i a FEET omer e — oo es © Serene gore cae on ser poe to contol te clzens Radio ations and newspapers run of sentry he govermert presented ony conmunsor Ir 837 Musto (th hi ar (abd and iter reed German thet powerful fc leaders 0 {orn an stance. 13 4 ws World War Il was the most devastating war i history. I tens fought between boo groups of eountnes~the ANS and the Allies 1 fore the war, the Axis nations extended thete territories by seizing nearby countries. Japan went tno Chit, aly Int Albania, and Germany ine Austria. Other nations joined forces as the Alles and tried to siop them f= Early in the war, the Axis powers defeated every country they attacked. Hy 1940 onky the Unie Kingdom wns lef to oppose Germany in Western Europe. In 1941 Germany attacked the Sovie! Union, and Japan lacked he United States, causing these two powerful nations to join the Ales 1 By the Lime the Allis had defeated the Axl, Japan and ‘much of Barope were in rains, Unlike the ales, the Ass as prepare for war an hae Eonguared huge areas by 1943 ur the Ales recovered nd attache by land ses, anda Citas [DD ssconroin 1902 Tai coon 1942 Ta Nata power = exe of apanese conve 4 nates HE Major ate B Nom boring “cen cranes ead orld War II Engulfs the World ‘United Kingsom Une states Soviet Union China nada re Ales had greater resources than the Jv The United Kingdon used oops and ‘piles fam ts colonies The United States fadvatInaustil pov ATLANTIC ocean ‘What was the “final solution”? “The Nazi considered ews and INDIAN craft kept ing woughout World War a rar jets were troduced Here an American Avenger Torte Japanew np inthe Pacem 1948 Fsentieth Gantry and Beyond! | UNIT Waste Lives Lost in World Wars World war Win dead Word Wart Worldwide, World War Il took the lives of more SOVIET UNION sx es fae eae * Ses ee 2 a cece | ‘' HIS bo "at Nf a aries _“s wor Aon ene j 1942 i "7 oe al 5) | on 2 ocean -oceay anne 4 4 us e Cold War Threatens the World After Werld War Il the communist and anti-communist nations of the world opposed each other in what came to be ealled the Cold War, 1 The two main opponents were the Soviet Union and the United Siatss, the superpowers that had been allies in World War TL 1 The Cold War was mainly @ pobitcal and economic stra, but sometimes it erupted into regional shooting Wars, 1 The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union broke up sn 1991 The United States and the Soviet Union hed not of the worl ter World War I Brin was divided ino sectors, n 1964 was Sten tered new bombs above aheded even tro, Soviets B's wal fo oven ant eras oun url ey agreed oon ‘fom exoping to demecrate Wert Sern. the wal stood ut SES. entensin 96k Crna) [vse Pet erie Botner commit county itera cory kon cutsn vo \iereen Europe. 116 "esi Contry and Beyond [UNIT The US-led NATO ‘ary alone Soyetted Warsaw Pact | (NATO an ter ales Rad enough nuclear Fwvaan ect merter orton an earth US, Soviet Aimer ge could 2 "Snot aca sta Stack the sser PY heaie se diet lg ft Biose plete destruction | aapshows boundaries of 170 froma ones : zi No more nukes? Nudear non prolifestion ‘year anne Sey aa eon war Cio alts a) ANTARCTICA “The superpowers competed to contol Key areas ofthe word. Sometimes US orsone troops fought in regonal wars such as Vietnam and ‘Afghanistan, or supplied weapons to opposing sides, asin Ange 118 lommunist Conflicts in Asia ¥ Communists and anu-communists within countries the more comunon than im Asi When the Chinese emperor lost power, China collapsed into chaos and chil we. Alte World War I internal luting resumed Communists gained control i 1949. 1 War between communist North Vietnam and fant-communist South Vietnam dragged! oa rom 1957 to 1975, Today China, North Korea, and Vietnam are stil comnts. War without end? A peace treaty was never signed ending row elmer comma ns 0 iter north Korea is Peking Weng) in S985 x NSU. oops fvacuated the cy. Toop cried portraits ons st ‘tthe leaders including Ma Zedong ‘ean North Korea. (center) who became Chavman of the People's Republic of china opie nape shea La after World War I communists forced nationals onto the Bland af Tolwan, Compare the areaz inde communist control by 1846 Sd by 195 ec) "entieth Century and Beyond | UNIT 10 Aer World Wa Kovea ae sid. n 980 the ‘rrmunist north invaded the sou US. UN ang Seerthets | er com Ss sore —— Sie ee | ME econ of fighting. WNottad ‘When Vietnam gained independence, ‘ddd into North and South vietnam, US. ‘roogs fought for 16 BD coomaist TS het mnie hat lenglyeasto keep the Gorenstein am | =D commune suply roe {Shing verte south Us arate 1S around or naval bate ap hows bound of 573, mane Ns edo wounded ins ay moc | Weld High asalties atthe gate ofthe Some ie lrgly Sue to new technology fing cl obting sr stegie, Ax itry tates adapted {the ew technologies, canals droppes. ern @ 19 ndependence Sweeps the World After World War I, European colontes én Alia, Asia, and the Caribbean began seeking independence. Most succeeded within the next 35 years. nthe 1900s, after the fall of communism. se¢o.d Wave of independence swept Asia and Europe, 1 The war weakened the economies of the European colontal powers They could no longer afford to run thelr overseas empires, 1M The colonies fel they could manage their own resources 10 Improve the lives of hel etizens. But independence brought lunexpected problems, including poverty and efit war. ‘Moharde Gandhi led he Independence movement in naa tn 180 ne led the sat arch to protest 2 British tax on sie Ths ‘teh vas on act of nonolent Gi eobedience "ARCTIC pumron ara fern ATLANTIC OCEAN © tere resionsgaines independence at diferent times. was common for many counties inthe same region ta © toaninindepencce within s fen year of each ater Which regions gained Indepencence i anich decode? Twentieth Century and Beyond [UNIT 10 Porwarion People Under Foreign Rule Go Te ure tons encouraged desorzatn. Aer Oweewe hates tom: one, Comeny are por an the Une Sts bean arora rt he tore in Ac, kl ana the eoitbean 165 Teday frieans fclebrate thee Indepensence from Ethiops ster 30 years (0.1% Under oegn ule of wae PACIFIC OCEAN ‘ate of independence Gi sree 150 tore 585 trot independent 21 Since the fal of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the Middle Bast has seen almost continuous conflict, ‘In 1948 the United Nations divided Palestine Into Arab and Jewish sectors. The Jews called thew sector Israel. Palestinians resented gig up thelr and. {Israel has teen the site of atleast four wars land numerous uprisings and terrorist tacks Sige ls reat 1 In 1990 Iraq sought to contr! the oil-rich Persian Gull Fist I atacked and conquered Kuwait, A United Nations coalition forced I, out of Kuwait fundamentalist movements seeking to iglous law have been growing in the and Islami countries around ee 1988 Aros, 198 teal Gin ‘Wel becomes oun Toe va oss coats tary seb bee 1967 say we invade, bret cups ne Tsatbong cours rere to scaph roel el eres cei an ria tu sed ce on 122 onflicts in the Middle East In 1348-1948 more than 700,000 Palestinians ted Braet Qisndiet ir refoeecmprn nigrbsnng cones Many Palestinians have vedi refugee camps the este ives ‘his compin Lebanon was rebut ator heavy Hightng, eR ye ss 20 Arabs in exchange fr peace Ores sera ered note ard ges Inthe Si-Bay War 10 Egypt andthe aetna However, no agreement hasbeen reached on fs boundaries, 7980 in an attempt so contol te tin county's oll rs responded nth an wtenseferak long air and Ayatollah Khomeini inthe iorge mura ‘verve he Sha (Ging of ran in 1979 rnd ocome the ist lami funsamentast 124 [Recent International Challenges ‘Today the world faces serious challenges, many of which cam only be solved through global cooperation. Even after the Cold War, many regions are trapped in violence and war, 'm Terrorists use violence against innocent people in hopes of foreing governments to change and eliminating foreign tnfluence in thetr homelands, EAL the same time, nations are coming together li Inioive the, health, nutrition. the environment, and international sale. Oat Global warming hasbeen ated oan ierease in greenhouse goss, Sch 2 carbon dane the end Continues, much of the polar ke {pelt mel egret ring Setlevet! Ax conones ™ ‘World's Largest Economies. = ‘e010 See 200 > Gemay coPin Us ito gs Ths rep meamres Gros Dometic Product DP), te value of the goods and services produced in a county in year, The Untedenacom, Rss, race Braz nd aly ah have ge economies ‘Top 10 Cites, ooo! on 7 ism ir many countries, i i : ave gro ‘Seoul a) Inthe sO “Mumbai (india) ors Compare _ Mercy ee) apa hort cnn fop To ‘tang Cs) pace ty how isthe eeoeesceco| i Z E i 38630 500 Tents Century and Beyond [UNIT 10 ‘ia Goalie : aoe 2 oa ven Wars and terrorism remain major problems worldwide. i waa moran nmin, wg os © [tempt to enerminate an entire ethno national group eS Race es atone Ts does Saxe & Tew Innovations, 1970-2010 eta OMA GO bycnskan ements . “The Nystnom Athi af Weld History | REFERENCE MAPS. ‘OcEAN, SOUTHERN 2 FO F ATLANTIC Ma wh Ll Zl are EF pons A ocean eon s- 27 FERENCE MAPS Te Nystrom As of Wort Hitony PACIFIC wi 7.» Hate shige ca T Hite lye Moe Bsc eg 30 Middle East ‘and Africa, 20 Fag deep sii tr re uli anata Hao “cystrate samc tina sim SEeest RS Se 3500 Fi bose ae nade Sime, sTbdne Epica 3000 he Sate beg ah ‘anatomy 2900 Pcie et gong cent 2550. Eger ot 255086, alias cee ws fit eng 19002 Hae of ty ‘sues is law code, af 1979. New gam fat ae 1S pp deta {bopec, rorogie' ores ints alo. ten san gon EO Lg nin 20 5c: Pecan nach ‘the tints Ovean, aa Bene tes ones ape S286 Sabor ore SEGRE Hebron oe S390 Pasa congues yon, East and South Asia 00. Fig eons angus S000 ars cate ‘enews ch 3000 86, Longe ate nega a 2300.46 Fist pled ois ating Vig aap ond ha 1790 nc. he shag an ‘Gas et ay 16001 Crs Bean wing pets 1800 6 Ann vain es intr en elm peta pad s_, 122 ne Shang dats vetnowm by he Deu. 71000 6, newts doon he west cptres. 5513.6 Conk bom, suc Sharda Goes ‘aun adem Europe and Russia 10 Fain a oe ASO. Pow sed n authstn Song 30 8, Maan atin ‘engin Cee, SCC. Nyaa omer 1200, Sea Pecpls inde rece. Merona ots ‘oles 75026, ce stats aig ecm noc cece Woon Pepe aba he Americas and Oceania saahom tpl Soh mes, 5000 2c faring del ‘ee Amerie ede ‘3000. com i) etc Me 2000 Pepe Fegn mado ie ‘he Pace 1200.6 one emer bls je cizaton eras. ‘700 mc. Aces ‘een mad Noh (Middle East ‘and Attica Soc Bema niga ba aie FY 331 5c, Acard heGeat Hci te one 26 nc. rac bein eimcn Carnge nd Rome Perea 146, Rae dss Cathay, 30. Rone cng Et 4c, deci bor 5 fauloges ose. aan 2330 sen as Cis 3p fair um i 90 Bagdad she wars ne gest East and south Asia Too nc Weds Kegon ee oust ns 52686, Aland he Get ccs 5 btn. un pees ner cen 2ED Re Maan ener Aka 22h Gina's ist pace takes coal abo Coston bag on Gr st Cine atone. Hn Ss ede Chis ene 150 mc ee inks hi and toe dau ae 20 Han dha ends Cine 50 Giesdynsybsin ‘hem na [Ho Gap re cobs a maden 32 Bhi ech oan, 751 Gines exansion sed by asin ae. 0 Kner Kos meg Sues te Nama Silas of Wold Mistry TIME Americas Europe Ame ond Russia 40 1, Paganinaien of. nerd. Stine aloprmsin Wa ing inte hte ‘Sema 8D Pate ome te teuhige faa shen hlsanderhe Gest eames trace and Nocti 400 1. Moya begining rai, 2c. Rr eal ot ra 6c Rae ones Gee enpre Tener aoe an ges cy 117 Raman pire reaches ts enous ste wots 200 May eg orcad een 208 Rae aig sh ‘eee a eeeiton Cans. ‘eigon ot Raman Ere 398 tamanEmpee es 4f6 neu fons Ere fa ‘abbas Teo teneanope te wards Taos. S40 age weakens the em emore “7m Moors conquer Spin, 700 Arsabegin bite ots 79 vig End ‘tame 65ers conned 113 Garman femap soe ‘nico no ay rote eines ter ne 856 Oo of Gamany iste Fest pla on Ester ot hana pie i 31 TIMETABLES The Nystrom Aa of Wold Hisony Middle East ‘and Africa een fm Mas ep an cao Ep, 1200 nai ate ene ‘at ac. 1270 it cece, 1291 at Cd state fal Males 1535 senha Erp es lane se te ein 153 Otamane congue he, Dye Ee East and South Asia TOT Cis pat gpa 100 Angier Wt ba HRP Manan meson shes cies su, 18S Soper 1200 geo he wots ‘oes ct 1279 Mong cna ha, 1 ln dy tara chia, 1398 Ter made a 135 Uns gorromet ens eng Hes yop. 1198 Pongiese eh nia 100 Bajgis the wes Inge Europe and Russia 106 Nara conga Eon. 1098 Pope calor yon 1215. agra ara ges ah > ‘re engtmen 16 se ats 1450 users pss the prea pes. Americas and Oceania 1200 rio etaston bul ‘it tgs Noon tle ew 1525 tate people sete at Tendon 158 na tegin tempat empie ne kes 1492 Gish Comins reachsthe Ame. 1500 Pap dns Baa 1505 Pats san at can ne 1652 oe ete Cape Tour ‘oma 11798 Naplan eds Fos inasion ot ar 181 2 kingdom oe 3838 Dut Boe delet ie 132 1526 bbe begin be ial Emp nd 1555 Sala cine the ou engi and Da sat lees cs "tte en ‘ny, beg ring Cina 1680 Oe cana mt ren ace das 1678 Waals ton ‘ath Tat» par ps 1515 ater sts he reestar etemstn, 1543 Cones ones 3 saan rare 585 Riss bal hie stent Sera 166 Then Yor? Wor bp, 1681 Hees piss tevinthan 1683 Orman Erp ses 1698 Pt on ra inet 1769 ingroved seam eine ‘Seed he aa en. 1799 Font Rei tgs 1996 Worst acne eles oh smo 1804 Napoleon comes hist ‘omer 1815 nape ted 1848 Reon see ass Euege 1521 pain cau te A 1332 San angus ene 1535 ew Sp end on Nevo Cae 1606 tusopran tence 1607 Sass sed by the trai 1720 toropeae a nto ‘te hnensa 1275 sertan Reval ges. 1787 U's caataton one, 2a Ban Ses oso vata 1810 Rens gine Sin eer eet ‘middle east East and Nand Africa ‘south Asie 1853 eset pes mayo iiSetoamen east 157 In raps ut Sent bts comands 186 Suez Co nk ede" fomer nh in, pu Nestearean Se 184 Se open tins feet die pA 1895 Jan win apanese "p00 dines aac erase te Sue Reb 19 gun in aso panes Na B10 span mens Kors 194 fapeon cones mate" Uta empris oot es ran ca Tio seal coon: 1930 ani bes rons provost rin iin, 13st pan nar Manca. rye angel i 1945 US dogs toric tenis Sia, edn Wet Wat 157 a pe nape 1948 Stef adi cen. aad chia 1950 US woos eter "erean Wo" 1954 Veron gis npn Har act 1960 se ican stirs on Jer oat hence othe "et an, Ga Sl re ain Has 1968 Most ica the Nyswon Alas of World History [TIMETAB Europe and Reeela 1850 On S0 pret a te ashe nes 1861 ay ui 1870 ul evostin Seah aos ope ‘rane poner tasty 1914 er Wares 1917 sn eson eran a 1S Hew on ae cred heel Wide 1939 Ai ir bac ancl of Geman 1999 Wer Wa bis 1945 lies defeat Geary. 196 Gad War ages 1987 Sot ion ches Space ale 190 Soon nn segs fist enim ace. es is Americas and Oceania TE Save g Ba owe esate. 1861 Arsen i ar begs 860 ean es st sos ashes Me Cana irs it doers fo Bi WS bor ssa 79 tduon vet he evi Tg 1 Bi foes the it slaves ‘te ris. 198 US sms Hon 1901 Aveta gai is inp ia, 1910 Meson Reveaton Bons. tan sd Pete Oceans 151 Us ame Wa Wa 1929 mooie dees eins 1941 pan aac Pel ale 1, res We 1845 Gis ome, 1958 caso ods commonit eniton Ca. 15 ato Se say leit 1869S. lands fest mn aaa ee Fenn event tom Breen Re were ee eee sy surnam iis veccmnnenn aia i ont not Sree at auc aay grammes tetra wots a nt sain Semin 208 pete smaciomenguenses "Sige ey aap nea aoe ———— 133 Sperm UATE he cae ee 4 tt svicracy Sl lingo at erty See Un a ea sstrlabe Devie culate attude Setting the nen called cotonation. rho sae Rapes ann age rao tical guage ny Infant a elie ing eh ans, RORY a al Es ve Calin ymca a ie te Se twa el ina iE contin Term edt deere stere ours Seca tas based on money | “alte seqaed oy ko ge Saati ice ate aie sy I oe ican Suny brome Mi of pcr ann Caane comatose Cle Pealtted roland weap Cty Reformation os by te Birone an lon ee a. fr. am ‘hem Regn rom Ina that ickdes aura Land wit never Stlthri Gout who na ws ax “guppies St Prats oa ea or the nlghened One ‘alae group Ete, ich or reious cain nl couiny were he reris “gr Muhammad. Caliphotes exited between “ound: emul erainces ee 52 and 1260, abiched tere ‘ail iy where a countrys government. One fe arch we ruled Russia Teresa “sl ie evolu of 131 caravan Group of overland tars and the Seek “mis caring the go peri argent tng cin vl disobedience ‘cugalies People killed. wounded mnasing, ith deantrlic sovcraneae Pe ‘Chrsianty Reon that arose tn oe) “fring Rema snes ae nis elit ever: Dry astral elon ws le rain ‘nt fe ny ee in Jun Ch the Se of od omeate Term weed to desert: tame ani ‘hrc 1 Onginzaton of Christine with aloo panseultated by peop. ‘sare bell suc athe Roman Dutch Peope fom the Netherlands coun (Gahote Chugh ote Lateran Church, "Wy In Barepe 2 Group of Cristiane who worship” gymucy Fam of rules, usualy power together, 3, Building where they worship, “Yor yarcruist ae sat rz alowed to ele nd pa ayers Orthodox Charch Main branch of sin Very Inne setlement of peopl. Unite Midd Eas ‘vgn te or anc fin‘tages poop in cas Chetan Chae as hd, tf sconomy System of making, trib ioyatate Independent ety and it and buying goods and sees rsa at tpt aco mg hg ere 8 sildltine Legacy Ss er a epee eno smtp atin ene nde (Ga Dri er Worl War" ero gwemment

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