First year Mathematics - IB

1.

AIMS TUTORIAL

If Q (h, k) is the foot of perpendicular from

P ( , ) on the straight line + + =

. Then P.T

2.

( + +)
+

.find

If Q (h, k) is image of P ( , ) on the straight

line + + = .
Then P.T

the foot of perpendicular of (4, 1) w.r.t the

line + = .
Sol: Q (h, k) is the foot of perpendicular from
P (1 , 1 ) on the straight line
+ + = 0 ..(1)

1 1 =

( + +)

.find the

image of (1, 2) w.r.t the line + = .

Sol: Q (h, k) is image of P (1 , 1 ) on the
straight line + + = 0 ..(1)

1 1 =

2 =

2 =

2 1 1

(1) 1 . 2 = 1

=
=
=
=

) = 1

( & )

( 1) +(1 )

.+.
( 1 + 1 )

2 + 2

2 + 2

3
4
3

=
=

4
3

1
4
1
4

=
=

=
=

12
5

1
4
12

.+.
( 1 + 1 )

2 + 2
( 1 1 + + )

2 + 2

8
5

8 21

(2)

+ +
,
2
2

1 +
2

+ =0

( 1 1 1 1 2)

, k=

16
5

2 + 2

( + +)

, (1, 2) w.r.t the line

3 + 4 1 = 0.

5
16
5

3
4
3

=
=

2
4
1
4

=
=

1 =

+1

16+5

21

12
5

3 2 +(4)2
2(10)
1

25

& 2=

+1 & =

12+5
5

2 3 1 +4 2 1

12

, k=

, = ,

Aims tutorial

& 1=

, = ( , )
5

( 1) +(1 )

1 + + 1 + + 2 = 0
+ = 1 1 2
(2)

25

1 +

3 2 +(4)2
(20)

+4 & =

12+20

(3 4 4 1 +12)

4 =

+ +

,
(4, 1) w.r.t the line 3 4 + 12 = 0.
4

( & )

+ +
,
2
2

( + +)
+

2 + 2

) = 1

(2)

( 1 1 )

( 1 1 + + )

, 1
+ + = 0 + =
(2)

(1) 1 . 2 = 1

2 1 1

( ). (
( ). (

2 1 1
2 1 1

16
5

4
5

16
5

+2

16+10
5

6
5

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First year Mathematics - IB

3.

AIMS TUTORIAL

Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose

vertices are (1, 3), (-3, 5) and (5, -1).

4.

Sol: Let the given vertices are

A(1, 3), B(-3, 5) and C(5, -1).
Let S(x, y) be the circumcentre of
= =
2 =(2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2

1 & (2)

() =
. . .
2 = 2

, =

2 + 2
,
1 5

1 1 2 1
5 -1 -2 5
10 + 2
= (0, 2)
1 5

2 & (3)

S(x, y)
A (1, 3)

Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose

sides are + + = , =
+ = .
: Let
+ + 2 = 0 .. 1
5 2 = 0 . 2
2 + 5 = 0 . (3)

B (-3, 5)

, =

1 2+ 3 2 = +3
2 + 1 2 + 2 + 9 6
= 2 + 9 + 6 + 2 + 25 10

+ 5

5 4
,
10 + 1

5 -1 -2 5
1 -2 5 1
2 25
= (1, 3)
10 + 1

1 & (3)

1 1 2 1
1 -2 5 1
5+4
25
, =
,
= (3, 1)
2 1
2 1
A(0, -2), B(1, 3) and C(-3, 1).
Let S(x, y) be the circumcentre of
= =

8 8 16 + 4 = 0
8 + 4 24 = 0 ( 4)
2 + 6 = 0 . (1)

2 =(2 1 )2 + (2 1 )2

(ii) =
. . .
2 = 2

() =
. . .
2 = 2

S(x, y)
A (-3, 5)

S(x, y)

B (5, -1)

+3 2+ 5 2 = 5 2+ +1
2 + 9 + 6 + 2 + 25 10
= 2 + 25 10 + 2 + 1 + 2

16 + 16 + 24 12 = 0
16 12 + 8 = 0 ( 4)

Solving (1) and (2)

6+4

6+4

16 20

2 2

8, 10 .
[ 2,3 , 2, 1 , 4, 0 & (1,3), (0, 2), (3,1)]

+ +2

= 1

+ 3

+ 1

2 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 4 + 4
= 2 + 1 2 + 2 + 9 6

(ii) =
. . .
2 = 2
S(x, y)
A (1, 3)
1

Aims tutorial

1 + 5 3 = 0 . (4)

2 1 6 2
4 3 2 4
2+18 244

B (1, 3)

1 + 2 5 + 10 = 0
2 + 10 6 = 0 ( 2)

4 3 + 2 = 0 . (2)

, =

A (0, -2)

B (-3, 1)
2

+ 3

= +3

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First year Mathematics - IB

2 + 1 2 + 2 + 9 6
= 2 + 9 + 6 + 2 + 1 2

6.

8 8 + 8 4 = 0
8 4 = 0 ( 4)
2 + = 0 . (5)

5 3 1
1
0 2

, =

0+3

60

110 110

, =

9 9

1 2

3 3

5.

Find the Orthocenter of the triangle whose

vertices are (-5, -7), (13, 2) and (-5, 6).
Sol: Given vertices are (-5, -7), (13, 2) and (5, 6)
Slope of B (13, 2), C (-5, 6)

62
4
2
= 2 1 =
=
=
2 1

513

18

, =

9
2

1 = ( 1 )
9
5, 7 =
9

+ 7 = ( + 5)
2

2 + 14 = 9 + 45
9 2 + 31 = 0 . . (1)
Slope of A (-5, -7), C (-5, 6)

6+7
13
= 2 1 =
=
2 1

5+5

, = 0
1 = ( 1 )
13, 2 = 0
2 = 0( 13)
2 = 0
y=2.. (2)

= 2 (1)
9 2(2) + 31 = 0
9 = 27
=

27
9

If the eqns of the sides of the triangle are

+ = , + =
+ + = . .
sol:Let
7 + 10 = 0 .. 1
2 + 5 = 0 . 2
+ + 2 = 0 . (3)
1 & (2)

Solving (1) and (2)

1
2

AIMS TUTORIAL

7 1 -10 7
1 -2 5 1

5 20
,
14 1

10 35
= (1, 3)
14 1

2 & (3)
, =

4 5
,
1+2

1 & (3)
, =

1 -2 5 1
1 1 2 1
52
= (3, 1)
1+2

2 + 10
,
71

7 1 -10 7
1 1 2 1
10 14
= (2, 4)
71

A(1, 3), B(-3, 1) and C(2, -4).

Now
Slope of B (-3,1), C (2, -4)

41
5
= 2 1 =
= = 1
2 1

2+3

, = 1
1 = ( 1 )
1, 3 = 1
3 = 1( 1)
3 = 1
+ 2 = 0 . . (4)
Slope of A (1, 3), C (2, -4)

43
7
= 2 1 =
=
2 1

21

, =

1
7

1 = ( 1 )
1
3, 1 =
1

1 = ( + 3)
7

7 7 = + 3
7y+10=0.. (5)

= 3

(3, 2)

4 & (5)

, =

10+14
7+1

210
7+1

1 -1
1 -7
=

2
10

1
1

6 6

2 4

( , )
3 3

Aims tutorial

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First year Mathematics - IB

7.

If P and q are the lengths of perpendiculars

from the origin to the st lines
+ =
= ,
. + = .
: + =

+
=

+ =
+ = 0
0, 0
is =
=

8.

Find the eqn of the st lines passing through

the point of intersection of the lines
+ + = , + = & whose
distance from (2, -1) is 2.
Sol: Given eqns
3 + 2 + 4 = 0 . (1)
2 + 5 1 = 0 (2)
1 & (2)
3 2 4 3
2 5 -1 2

2 + 2

, =

220
154

8+3
154

22 11
11

11

= (2, 1)

2 + 2

=
2 = 2
2 = 2
S.O.B.S
2
2
2
4 = 2 . . (1)

Let m be the slope of the line passing

through
P (-2, 1) is 1 = 1

0, 0
2 = 0
=

AIMS TUTORIAL

1 = ( + 2)

+ 2 + 1 = 0
+ 2 + 1 = 0 . (3)

2 + 2

= 2
S.O.B.S
2 = 2 2 2 . . (2)

Since distance from (2, -1) to (3) is 2

=

1 & (2)
42 + 2 = 2 2 2 + 2 2 2
2

= ( 2 + 2)
= 2 (1)
+ =

( + +)

2=
2=
2=

+
++
+
(4 +2)
2 +1
2(2 +1)

S.O.B.S

2 +1

+ 1 = (2 + 1)2
2 + 1 = 42 + 4 + 1
42 + 4 + 1 -2 1 = 0
32 + 4 = 0
(3 + 4) = 0
4
= 0 =

= 0

1 =0 +2 ;
4
( + 2)

4
3

1 =

1 = 0.
4 + 8

3 3 =
4 + 3 11 = 0.

Aims tutorial

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First year Mathematics - IB

9.

If is the angle between the pair of lines

+ + = , then P.T
+

AIMS TUTORIAL

10. Prove that product of perpendiculars from a

point (, ) to the pair of st lines
+ + = is

() +

() +

Sol: let
2 + 2 + 2 = 0
1 + 1 = 0 . . (1)
2 + 2 = 0 . . (2)
2 + 2 + 2
1 + 1 2 + 2
=0
1 2 + 2 + 1 2 + 2
=0
1 2 2 + 1 2 + 2 1 + 1 2 2
=0
1 2 2 + (1 2 + 2 1 ) + 1 2 2
=0
Comparing both sides
2 , 2 & ,
1 2 = , 1 2 = & 1 2 + 2 1
= 2

++

1 2 + 1 2
1 2 + 1 2 2 2 + 2 2

Sol: : let 2 + 2 + 2 =
0
1 + 1 = 0 . . (1)
2 + 2 = 0 . . (2)
2 + 2 + 2 1 + 1 2 +
2 = 0
1 2 + 2 + 1 2 + 2 =
0
1 2 2 + 1 2 + 2 1 +
1 2 2 = 0
1 2 2 + (1 2 + 2 1 ) +
1 2 2 = 0
Comparing both sides 2 , 2 & ,

1 2 = , 1 2 = & 1 2 + 2 1 = 2
. . (1 , 1 )
to the line + + = 0

, to the

1 2 + 1 2
(1 2 )2 +(1 2 )2 +(2 1 )2 +( 1 2 )2

( + +)

lines (1) and (2) is =

1 + 1
2

1 + 1 2

2 + 2
2 2 + 2 2

=
1 2 + 1 2
(1 2 )2 +( 1 2 )2 21 2 1 2 +(1 2 )2 +(2 1 )2 +21 2 1 2

=
=
=

1 2 + 1 2
(1 2 1 2 )2 +(1 2 +2 1 )2
+
2 + 2 2
+
()2 +4 2

1 2 2 +1 2 +2 1 + 1 2 2
2
(1 2 ) +( 1 2 )2 21 2 1 2 +(1 2 )2 +(2 1 )2 +21 2 1 2

=
=
=

Aims tutorial

1 2 + 2 + 1 2 + 2
(1 2 )2 +(1 2 )2 +(2 1 )2 +( 1 2 )2

1 2 2 +(1 2 +2 1 ) + 1 2 2
(1 2 1 2 )2 +(1 2 +2 1 )2
2 +2 + 2
2 + 2 2
2 +2 + 2
()2 +4 2

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First year Mathematics - IB

11. If the eqn + + = represent

a pair of lines, P.T the combined eqn of the
pair of bisectors bisecting the angle b/w these
lines is = ( ).
Sol: let 2 + 2 + 2 =
0
1 + 1 = 0 . . (1)
2 + 2 = 0 . . (2)
2 + 2 + 2
1 + 1 2 + 2
=0
1 2 + 2 + 1 2 + 2
=0
1 2 2 + 1 2 + 2 1 + 1 2 2
=0
1 2 2 + (1 2 + 2 1 ) + 1 2 2
=0
Comparing both sides
2 , 2 & ,
1 2 = , 1 2 = & 1 2 + 2 1
= 2

AIMS TUTORIAL

1 2 + 2 1 2 2 = 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 = 2( )
2 2 = ( ).
12. S.T the area of the triangle formed by the lines
+ + = and + + =

1 2 + 1 2

. .

Sol: let
2 + 2 + 2 = 0
1 + 1 = 0 . . (1)
2 + 2 = 0 . . (2)
+ + = 0 . (3)
2 + 2 + 2 1 + 1 2 +
2 = 0
1 2 + 2 + 1 2 + 2 =
0
1 2 2 + 1 2 + 2 1 +
1 2 2 = 0
1 2 2 + (1 2 + 2 1 ) +
1 2 2 = 0
Comparing both sides 2 , 2 & ,

1 2 = , 1 2 = & 1 2 + 2 1 = 2
Solving (1) & (2) we get, (0, 0)
Solving (1) & (3)
1 1 0 1

Now eqns of bisectors of angle b/w 1 & 2

are
1 + 1

2 + 2
2 2 + 2 2

. . . ,
1 + 1 2 (2 2 + 2 2 )
=(2 + 2 )2 (1 2 + 1 2 )

1 0

A (1 , 1 ) =

1 1

B (2 , 2 ) =

2 2

Now area of =
1

(1 2 )2 2 + (1 2 )2 2 + (2 1 )2 2 +
(1 2 )2 2 +21 1 2 2 + 21 1 2 2
2 2

1 1

Similarly by solving (2) & (3) we get,

(1 2 2 + 1 2 2 + 21 1 )(2 2 + 2 2 )
= 2 2 2 + 2 2 2 + 22 2 (1 2 + 1 2 )

2 2

01

2
2 2
1

2 1 2

1 1
2 2
2
1

2 2

2 1

1 1

2 2

=(1 2 ) + (2 1 ) + (1 2 ) +
(1 2 )2 2 +22 2 1 2 + 22 2 1 2

2
1

2 (1 2 )2 (2 1 )2
2 (1 2 )2 (2 1 )2

2 1 2 2 1
2 2

1 1
2

1 2 +2 1 2 41 2 1 2
2
1 2 1 2 2 1 + 1 2 2
2

2 2 4

2 2 (1 2 +2 1 ) + 2

= 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
1 2 (1 2 2 1

2 4 2 4

2 2 2 + 2

1 2 + 2 1 1 2 2 1

2 2

= 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2

Aims tutorial

2 2

2 2 2 + 2

2 2
2 2 + 2

Page 6

First year Mathematics - IB

AIMS TUTORIAL

13. If the eqn

+ + + + + =
represent a pair of lines, P.T
() + =
, , .
:let 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 +
=0

1 + 1 + 1 = 0 . . (1)
2 + 2 + 2 = 0 . . (2)
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + = 0
1 + 1 + 1 2 + 2 + 2 = 0

1 2 2 + 1 2 + 1 2 + 2 1
+ 1 2 2
+1 2 + 2 1 + 2 1 + 1 2 = 0
1 2 2 + (1 2 + 2 1 ) + 1 2 2 +
(1 2 + 2 1 ) +(1 2 + 2 1 ) + 1 2 =
0
Comparing both sides
2 , , 2 , ,
,
1 2 = , 1 2 = , 1 2 + 2 1 = 2
1 2 + 2 1 = 2, 1 2 + 2 1 = 2 And
1 2 =
2 2 2
= (1 2 + 2 1 ) (1 2 + 2 1 )(1 2 + 2 1 )
= 1 2 2 2 1 2 + 2 1

Aims tutorial

Page 7