4102

4102

: .
2014

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- 2010
-

2014-2012
.

2014/5/9

 . 4102

:
:
.
:
) (temporary
( )unique



(.)unique
.
(( )characteristics of project :)170
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

( )temporary .
( )scarce resources
.
(.)specific objectives
(.)unique outcome
.

.

.
/
.
4
2

7
9

5
8

1
3

 . 4102

.
:
.
:
:
:
.
: .


.
-

( )theoretical ( )art .
(.)Predetermined
)Quality (specifications

)Time (schedule

)Cost (budget

).)Safety
-

EIA
.

( )
.

.
( ) .
.
.
/ ( )Production (.)Productivity

 . 4102

:
-

group dynamic

.crux of management

cultural management:
. .
.

.
.

: Monitoring .

: Controlling .

Implementation
Planning

Monitoring
Controlling
( ).
( )monitoring ()evaluation
.

.

.
:
( :)22
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

(adequate lead time) .

(complete scope definition and program) ...
(adequate fees for design and construction) .
(thorough contract documents) .
( careful selection of design and construction practitioners) .
(effective prequalification of key contractors) .

 . 4102

.7
.8
.9
.12
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17

(adequate preconstruction planning) .

.
) (use of partnering .
(effective payment process) .
(careful monitoring of schedule and costs) .
(minimal changes once the work is in progress) .
) (use of total quality management .
(broadly shared responsibility for safety) .
(effective close-out procedure) .
(clear demarcation between construction and maintenance) .
(thorough documentation) .
(timely follow-up) .

/ ( )Performance (.)time, cost, quality..

80,000$ 50,000$


%82
.
(( )project life cycle :)172
.
Time
construction phase

Operation, maintenance and evaluation

conceptual phase

design phase

+
F.S.

Cost

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.1 :

.


.
:

.

.
:
.

EIA .
.
.
.
.
.
.2 :
.
( ).
.2 .
.4 .
/ ( )
.

 . 4102

cost time ( )cash flow

S-Curve
( ) (
) .
Time

Cost
(:)Types of planning
.1
.2
.3
.4

.
.
.
.

(( )Construction Industry :)2

()
.


.
.

:
:
.1 (.)unique among the nations industries
.2 (.)It is large, but fragmented
.3 (.)It is essentially a service industry

 . 4102

.
:
:
( A ) B C .D
:
( ).. .
.
A .
..

.

.
(.)Joint ventures

( :) 7
: Owner
( )public owner ( )private owner
.
: Client ( )owner .
: Architect
.

.
.
) :Architect/Engineer(A/E
.
:Construction Manager
.
:Project Manager ( )... .

 . 4102

:Contractor or Prime Contractor or General Contractor or Main Contractor .

:Subcontractor or Specialty Contractor .
:Quality Surveyor
.

(()Construction categories or types :)11

:
.1 (:)Residential Buildings Construction
.
housing :residential buildings
:Residential building .
:Housing () ( ).
.2 (:)Nonresidential Buildings Construction

.
.2 (:)Heavy and Highway Construction

.
.4 () (:)Marine Construction
.
.5 (:)Military Construction
.

( Construction Organization Structure And Its Function :)12

-

:Construction company
.

:Construction structure
.

:Organization ( )organization culture .

 . 4102

:Organizing ( )tasks (.)project manager

( Types of organizations :)15

:Military or Line Type Organization (simple type) .1

.
(.)military

Owner

Supervisor

Tradesmen

Tradesmen

Tradesmen

Tradesmen

Tradesmen

Tradesmen

:Line and staff organization (functional type) .2

.

Owner-President

Supervisor

Safety

Worker
s

Inspection

Worker
s

Worker
s

Engineering

Worker
s

Planning

Accounting

Worker
s

10

4102 .

:Departmental organization .2
.

President
Vice-President and General Manager

Contract
Department

Engineering
Department

Planning
Department

Purchasing
Department

Accounting
Department

Project Manager
General
Superintendent

Safety
Department

Field
Superintendent

Field
Engineers

General
Foremen

General
Foremen

General
Foremen

General
Foremen

General
Foremen

General
Foremen

11

Inspection
Department

Sub-Contract
Liaison

 . 4102

/
()authority (.)Communications and contact

( )Plant Department
: (
)
.
5
.
General Superintendent

Project Manager
.
Contract Department Engineering Department
.
:Matrix organization .4
( Figure 7.6.
.)181

(:)Characteristics of organizational structure

.1 (.)flexibility
.2 (.)continuity
.3 (.)balance

:
:Authority .
:Responsibility .
:Accountability .
:Delegation
.

12

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( :Management Level )11

( )management level ( )organizational theory

. (.)management level
( ) :
: : .
.
( :)23
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

.
.
.
.
.
( ) .

( Figure 2-2 )19 :

.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

(.)the board of directors level

(.)the presidents level
(.)the construction management level
(.)the project management level
(.)the functional management level

.
( )integrated management system (
Figure 2-4 )25 :
.1
.2
.3
.4

(.)organization structure
(.)management functions and responsibilities
(.)information needs
(.)information systems

13

 . 4102

(( )management techniques Figure 2-4 )25 :
-

(.)behavioral science techniques

(.)quantitatives techniques
(.)decision techniques
()experience rules
(.)operation research

behavioral science techniques quantitatives techniques

:behavioral science techniques ().
:quantitatives techniques ().
.
(( )functions of management Figure 2-4 )25 :
-

(.)planning
(.)organizing
(.)directing
(.)staffing
(.)controlling

(( )resource flows Figure 2-4 )25 :

-

(.)manpower
(.)money
(.)materials
(.)machines and facilities

( Detailed Descriptions of the functions and responsibilities of key construction personnel :)27
:

(( )the board of directors :)27
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

.
.
.
.
.

14

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(( )safety engineer :)27
:
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.12
.11
.12

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

( Construction Labor :)99

:
( ) ()some positive accomplishments of the union movement
( :)17
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
)( (the major labor burden items :)90
:Social Security .1
social security
.
:Unemployment Insurance .2

.
:Workmens Compensation Insurance .2
.

15

 . 4102

:Vacation .4
.

:Medical Insurance .5

.
:Other insurance and Benefits .9
.

(:)labor productivity
.1 (:)material shortages

.
.2 (:)lack of labor experience

.
.2 (:)lack of surveillance
.
.4 ):(Misunderstanding between labor and superintendents

.
.5 (:)drawings and specification alteration during execution
.
.9 (:)payment delay

( )claims
.
.7 (:)labor disloyalty
.
.1 (:)inspection delay
.
.9 (:)working 7 days per week without taking a holiday

4 .

16

 . 4102

.10 (:)tool and equipment shortages
.

( Construction Equipment :)112

:Plants .
:Equipments .
(?)Why do we need to construction equipment
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

/
.
(:)types of construction equipment
Earth moving machines: .1
.
Lifting Plant: .2
.
( ) :
-

:Wheeled .
:Crawler .
:Scraper .
:Grader .

(:)factors affecting equipment selection

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .

17

 . 4102

.5.
.6 .

(:)Steps to solve problems

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8.
: :
( 12 )
:
check list
.
.
Benchmarking:

.

18

 . 4102

( Quality Assurance And Quality Control (QA/QC) Practice :)194
:
( )quality :
-

:Satisfaction
( )
.

:Rework
.

:Specification .

) (International Organization for Standardization ISO

.

. ( ) .
Accreditation

().
Deming


.
)( Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC :)199
:Quality Assurance .
:Quality Control .
Quality Control .Quality Assurance
( Quality control programs consist of: )197
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .

19

 . 4102

( Quality assurance programs encompass the following: )197
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
( Objectives of QA/QC: )197
:
-

(.)safe structure
(.)reliable structure
(.)durable structure

( The objectives and advantages of the QA/QC program to other members of the project team: )191
:
Regularity Agency:
.1 .
.2 .
Owner:
.1
.2
.3
.4

.
.
.
.

Designer:
.1 .
.2 .
.3
.
Constructor:
.1 .
.2
.

20

 . 4102

( Factors influencing construction quality: )199
:
Critical faults: .1
.
Major faults: .2
.

Minor faults: .3
.

( :)170
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .

.

.

( When and Where to Control Quality: )179

.

( Quality Assuring Techniques: )177

:
Inspection: .1
:
Receiving Inspection: .a
.
.
In-Process Inspection: .b
:
- : .

21

 . 4102

: .
Final Inspection: .c
.
Testing: .2
.
Sampling: .2

( 4 5 )6
.
( Force Account: )112
.

(( )Safety in construction :)115

.
.

.
:
:Accident .

:Incident .
(? ( ) Why safety is important :)119
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .

22

 . 4102

(( )Safety benefits to employer and employees :)117

.1 :
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.2:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
(( )Construction safety problems :)191


.
:
.1.
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.12 .
.11 .
(( )Adverse effect of poor safety :)192
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.12 .
.11 .
.12 .

23

 . 4102

(( )Safety organizations :)194
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) .1
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) .2
.3 .
(()in the construction manager approach CM :)199
OSHA Citation .1
Private Litigation .2
Liability of Clients .3
Construction Manager Employee Exposure .4
Criminal Negligence .5
Violation of Local Statutes .6
Contractor Litigation .7

(( )Approaches to improve safety in construction :)199

.1 (:)Organizational Approach
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.2 (:)Physical Approach
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.3 (:)Behavioral Approach
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.4 (.)Economic Incentives

24

 . 4102

( :(120
(:)Motivation

.
:
.


.

leader driver (.)Project Manager

( : )121
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

( )Professional Status

( )Professional Bodies
.

.
( :)123
.1 .

25

 . 4102

.
.2
.3

.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.12
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.22
.21
.22
.23
.24

.
.


.
.
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.
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.
.
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.
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.
.



( )demotivation
.

.25
.26
.27
.28

.
.
.
.

26

 . 4102

( )Abraham Maslow
. :
.1 :
: .
.2 :
:
.
.2 :
.
.4 :
.
.5 :

.

.

27

 . 4102

(:)Leadership
.
: .
( )management ( )leadership

.
.
( )managerial grid
:

Concern for people

5
1

Concern for production

:1 .
:2 .
:2 .
: 4 .
().
:5

28

 . 4102

(( )Essential Qualities of Successful Leader :)122
.1
.2
.2
.4
.5
.9
.7
.1
.9
.10

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

(:)Personnel Development
(( )development activities of employer and employee :)129
:On-the-Job Training .1 ).(EIT
:Formalized Graduate Education .2 .
:Professional Registration .2 .
:Noncredit Short Courses and Workshops .4
.
:Professional Society Activity .5
.
:Reading .9 .

( Communication in the Engineering Organization :)147

( Direction of communications :)141
:Downward communication .1 .
:Upward communication .2 .
:Lateral Communication .3 .
:Diagonal communication .4 .
( Communication Organizational Structures :)151
:Chief programmer/technical leader structure .1
B C D E .A

E
29

 . 4102

:Hierarchical structure .2
D B B D A.

:Adaptive structure .2
.

D
:Types of communications
.1 (:)Oral communication
(.)Verbal (.)Vocal (.)Visual .2 (.)Written communication

30

 . 4102

( Prior to the speech ) ( :)152
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

.
.
.
.
.
.

( During to the speech ) ( :)152

.1
.2
.2
.4
.5
.9
.7
.1

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

( Commands for good listening ) ( :)155

.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.12

!
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
!

:Claim management
:Claim .
:Dispute ( ).

.
( ) ( )dispute resolution
(.)claim management

31

 . 4102

:Claim identification .1

.
:Claim notification .2


.
:Claim examination .3
.
:Claim documentation .4

.
:Claim presentation .5

.
:Claim negotiation .6
.

.dispute
:Risk management

.
:Risk .
risk 422


.
:Risk classification
.1
.2
.3
.4

.
.
.
.

32

 . 4102

:
:Risk identification .1
.
:Risk analysis technique .2
. :
Monte Carlo simulation .1
Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) .2
.2
-

:Risk response
:
(.)avoidance to risk
(.)minimization of risk
(.)accept to risk
( )risk sharing .
( )risk ignorance .

:Risk monitoring .4
.

33