Additional Mathematics SBA

Contents
Project Title................................................................................................................. 2
Problem...................................................................................................................... 2
Assumptions............................................................................................................... 2
Description of Problem Areas.................................................................................. 2
Hole 18:................................................................................................................ 2
Hole 15:................................................................................................................ 2
Hole 7:.................................................................................................................. 2
Mathematical formulation........................................................................................... 2
Problem Solution........................................................................................................ 2
Calculations to determine a ball behavior about launch.........................................2
Calculations To determine ball behavior on

Impact and on the green.................2

Application of Solution................................................................................................ 2
Hole 18.................................................................................................................... 2
Stroke 1 :.............................................................................................................. 2
Stroke 2:............................................................................................................... 2
Stroke 3 :.............................................................................................................. 2
Hole 15.................................................................................................................... 2
Stroke 1:............................................................................................................... 2
Stroke 2................................................................................................................ 2
Stroke 3................................................................................................................ 2
Hole 7...................................................................................................................... 2
Stroke................................................................................................................... 2
Discussion of Findings................................................................................................ 2
Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 2

Project Title
Theoretical calculations in the kinematics of golfing.

Problem
A golfer wants to get determine which golf club and what speed he must impart on a golf
ball in order to golf club (swing speed) to project the ball ,firstly from the teeing area
onto the fairway then from the fairway onto the green and finally from the green to the
hole within a maximum of 5 stokes per hole having its own limits in the number of strokes
down the different holes. Purpose of study
The purpose of the study is to determine the angle to the horizontal at which the ball must the ball
must be struck the velocity at which the golfer must swing his club and the type of club to be used
using kinematics, to accomplish clearing the hole. Essential considerations include
Neglecting air resistance and wind direction and using the value of gravity as 10ms-1 .

The trajectory of the golf ball

The launch angle must be measured to a relative horizontal plane

The ball is struck at ground level and the golf course has a relatively low relief
The golfer is allowed a single reposition per hole of no more than 10 meters behind
the end of his stroke. The reposition counts as a stroke.

Golf club
9 Iron
6 Iron
5 Iron
Driver
Pitching Wedge

Launch Angle
45
30
25
11
48

Max Distance
120m
146m
165m
226m
20-115 yds.

Assumptions
As research has shown ,the energy at which the ball strikes the ground is partially absorbed by the
grass (the field will absorb 95% of its jinect so that the bounce recoil is 25% of the height of
it hitting the ground)

The ball is rebounded with a 25% of its to kinetic energy as well.

The coefficient of friction of the grass is said to be at .38

The golfer is capable of swing his golf club at 80,60,40and 30 m

The golf clubs loft will be used as the launch angle and the golf clubs he uses ,excluding his putter,
are shown below
The energy between the club and the ball is completely transferred

Description of Problem Areas

Hole 18:
This hole is 520m across at the furthest tee box to the.
Calculations in this hole will be dictated by given values for
distance and given launch angles:

Factors to consider
-

This will be done in 5 stokes

Only One stroke will be done on the green
- The ball will not cross the cliffs
- The green begins at the 510m mark

Hole 15:
This hole 362m across at the furthest teebox to the
This hole contains 3 notable hazards a minor sand trap
located on the pathway in which the golfer plans to project
ball, a few trees on the path way as well as foliage
blocking the tee box. Calculations in this hole will resolve
with given velocities and launch angle.

hole.
his

For this hole, the required number of strokes

will be determined by the trajectories used
by the golfer.

Hole 7:
This Hole will be done in 1 stroke for a hole in
the smallest hole in the set only measuring 96
1 main hazards. This being a rather large sand
pathway of the ball. As only one stroke will be
golf club that will be used on this hole will be the

one. This is
meters with
trap in the
used the only
Driver.

Mathematical
formulation

1) To show that if the golf ball is projected at a certain angle at a velocity V then the
y=Vosin and the vertical component is given
Horizontal
Component
horizontal
component is given by
by by

x=Vocos

Vertical Component

2) To use Newtons Equations of motion

v u at
v 2 u 2 2as
s ut 12 at 2
3) To use the laws of conservation of momentum and energy the ball velocity can be
calculated as given by the following formulas

1
k = m v2
2

M1V1=M2V2

4) The Relationship between the vertical component and horizontal component is

s=ut+1/2 at^2. Using the formulas for the vertical component and horizontal
component the equation can be now made into

1
x
y=xtan g
2 vcos

This equation is in the form ax^2 + bx + c and therefore when plotted will produce
a curve as shown below

Problem
Solution

Calculations to determine a ball

behavior about launch
In the preceding points, the formulation is given to determine the trajectory of the ball to
travel from the tee off to the areas on the fairway and to traverse the fairway along with
crossing hazards on the multitude of fields.
If the golf ball is projected at a theta angle and at a velocity of V then the horizontal component or

y Vo sin

speed at which it moves horizontally is given by

velocity at which the ball moves at vertically is given by

and the vertical component or the

x=Vocos

. As shown the by the

below graph

As show in the following calculations the equations can be resolved

cos=

Adjacent
hypotenuse

Where the velocity is the hypotenuse and the vertical component is the adjacent vector.
The formula now becomes

cos=vertical component ( x ) / velocity( v)

The formula can now be rearranged to find the vertical component of velocity

vcos=V x
The horizontal component can also be resolved using the similar method in which

sin =

opposite
hypotenuse

Where opposite is the horizontal component or distance at which it moves horizontally

and hypotenuse is the velocity. The equation can be rearranged in a similar way to
produce

vsin=V y

Using the kinematic equations the various velocities and distances needed can be
calculated

v u at
v 2 u 2 2as
s ut 12 at 2

The Relationship between the vertical component and horizontal component is

1
s=ut + a t 2
2

Letting s be the horizontal distance and substituting the velocity of the y or

horizontal component as the initial velocity and the velocity for gravity as the final
velocity. The equation now becomes

y=(vsin ) t(1 /2)> 2

As gravity is not applied for the x component ,the distance at which the ball travels with respect to
vertical component is given by

t is made the subject of the formula

x=vcos t

t=

x
vcos

Substituting the derived equation for t into the previous formula

x
1
x
y=
vsin g
vcos
2 vcos

The equation could be further simplified into

1
x
y=xtan g
2 vcos

The equation is in the form of

y=a x 2 +bx +c

and therefore when plotted on the Cartesian plane

produces as curve shown below. This shows that the ball travels along a parabolic path. As shown
below. As shown by the diagram, where the ball lands is the position at which the ball hits the
ground.

Calculations To determine ball behavior

on
Impact and on the green
For the simplification of calculations, the ball assumed to have rebounded with approximately 25%
of its max falling distance and approximately 25% of its kinetic energy meaning that on impact the
ball will rebound into the air at a fraction of of its speed and power as demonstrated by the
diagram When the rebound height of the ball is yr<80 cm the ball will be allowed to enter its
rolling state. The fall distance is the y coordinate of the stationary point.

25% Xm = X2 m

25% X2 m

Xm