9 Vindicating reason Whatever ee a erin of reason aterpts, ft mist srlycitze ergo. Purhe,f 8nor to pont toward mi «ctgue ot reason connor have only 2 negative or destetve ecm, hut must vindkate t east some standard or prneles a authors fn which thinking 2nd doing may rely, and by which they maya tbe lodged. Crt of "the Elghtmene project" oon Ps {0 Horkeimer co contemporary eammunitatians and posemod iste, dewece ts Aclles hea i tant tlre to wince the ‘Sipps sandadsofretson that ave a cones wed Gay stuck, and destroy oterautoutes,islding church, ve, Sn eration I the sutoriy reso fs gus why shoal vac ‘eamone enicim have any weight Sspicions shou esvon can be pc innumerable ways: However, ‘one ater fciscsms i paral cee case ea [ses the very posiility of devising anything tha ould coun 4 "inition of restr. asin of ata i sometines frist se ‘lemma, Any supposed vindication of he incples of tat ‘would have co etablshthe autho of erin fondant on ‘Stans on dholng ot sung. Howerer this eld only be one a fone of tree ways. A supposed videaton soul apes tothe pee Sued prciples of reason thats aims to vndlate but would then be icles fala vidiaten.Altmatvly, mip Be Ine on oe stating pots but dhe the suppsed pipes of reason sould Tak reasoned vindication, 50 could mot thames ‘eqoeath unblemished yedigees Final 5 por ied option ‘inieton of son igh suggest hat easonng sues a om etble ete 0 cht prospects of vindicating any cl, sel Inala to nenety prmesle of reaton never termnate: To fe tin sony to keep the door open to frther questioning Ineah ase the dosed vindication shales, These npromising thoughts lend some sppe Pascale, ¢9 Humes atatalisty of est 1 postures of postmodeeny as sponses ro the challenge of set ‘Som aoa eon. i the Crique of Pore Rear i to ve upto eile and ts septation mast deal with skein wi ese 0 ason. The ‘sole magnificent and itiatecnealstscture wal have le foie ie dae onan snvniisted or unvindicsbleconcepuon of ese Ye vis fr fo lea where oe ow Kant handles these {opie all ey here to rce se of hs moves awingan pace Jaron pstges nthe air scewuns ofthe Transcendental Ductne feb, bt als widely eatzed passges in ce pelscs, he ‘Tonseodenal Dialects and vans sorter writings Tsball (0 show that Rant alesse thi fundamental topic perssten ad ‘vith reat salen, sn that he fers an ecoun of what to ‘inthe reston quite dierent from the foumiooasist account hese of the Enlightenmens projet ands st ‘tet Kant Wheeet his secount oly aston sa lage and engined question, oo wih aller pete emma ‘eis to hein by ashing whet sore of ng we apt vind: ‘anf ren wo vndeate One aseoun, wih snpeceable Caen tnd atonalis ancestry sees prinepes of eas a fom pin bles of ape and methnd. These principles ae Yo be alaurithns for the formation snd tanslormatin of simple ehs, an provide ‘nim that wholly (acon o atonal or pay leone Imany others eanstan acceptable thinking sa doing. The indie th of these axe ie problematic, Some boy isnt dat they Ine diene warrant, even shat Goda istlled these pencils ‘thoes complete meach fers are discreet "Tinto pou Kon’ view He sac cht piciles of eson end of loge ae dine Inthe prlaer of the Caugue of Pure Rasen he ‘lim thi logie was vented apd completed inane stake by ARStole tha bs precise boundaries and chats scen cone ‘quent upon shes mations win. By conse the pelos ‘pce human reasoning a "merely random roping” (bX) that ial rpestedy inca conics and a ott Rd the “eco patho science” [xl For Rant ae abstracted either tram the te of dh understanding oom that eaten spd ts endian ‘molt hae to Be devi fom hes rather than cones. How. ‘ver th et that ogee deviate inthis way allows uo ue i Seructue aa clue or key the copntivestactes fom which te ‘enved™ No out these ace many questions to be raed about Kant’ eatment ef loge but ty eae ler eat thi ent ee place to lok for is ends freon ‘On Caesiansccounts a vindication of reason must he the rat of Philosophical aka Kan does aot en the matter nthe way The {Crngue of Pre Reason hapns in ee Aste andthe Analy of the Doctine of Elements, with discussion ofthe “lowe cute dg,” sna ad understanding aly na ast rong ‘est section. the Tansendentl Disleti, does Kant tn to ics ‘ons about season, che "higher Saculy of kaowledge” Thee be Iaily exposes sid undermines exesive tals caime spot ‘he powers of eaon,Vindestion of eae tl postponed “The fist pages of he Dilectc sess some ferences between lower an higher lacus ef knowledge and acknowledge dat estgating the ater nies icles that ad not ase m inves fein the powers of understencing, hecsse we Jack ll sight neo the supposed else of yeason [A 399 B 393) Ths me sem ‘usarrsingwoold got Lebo have speed hat we lack com plete aight but Kane sss that o rel ue ean be indicted "Thelundamnentl pont ofthe Copernican tr that no coe dence of reason to weal be presumed. The ae of fest Signed any counterptt eo the reduced, empirical elie ist Kant allows the unending The parallel eat he draws Becween Unstanding snd easom unl tat book are "calor ofS" but the uniey the eww schove coz sey Unaestanig msy eed tcl eh see heey snpenees by meno oles abd son ei he cy wc Vindieating reason a css the unity of les of unertaing er pncles Acc ‘Sn near api tl vy to exces or ny acy Bue “hlcstoning more ge he nlioomlge oe ier ano [orton Syren comcast which may be calle ‘Shin wtoc'egec Hm a sy iy tha a Be ‘cmplisielytheundestanding—(Ayo0/ Bosch Aba! Bora In these “provisional” passages Kant warns is ead thet ltt of ale and uit of scl deman fet, othe gone ol borane niet nt hog aoe with foals Baeschsprcesomery subi ow bre oly ‘mononement lt pessesens ef rsd otha They [lreasn these north uty of pote epee, Bs ssc ‘hy eat a ach Taor-7/ Bsa) Kant evidently reject theron ain eit che otis of reason cam rovde unig ad inated nse tal possible {estos Inthe Transcendental Diet the cent objection to ‘aoa psychology ational cosmology and ain eheoley that ‘heratonalist raion ens each mains ance of theo ‘uly where necessary tuts about oul, wom and Gos ap to Be ‘ached by stuionoranals, and whete heres oo essed dt face between dhe unsty achieved by res ani by princes. “A main egectie of the Tascendental Duet sto show howe ny vew of pci ol eon a divinely inserted aos ores ft ehoughy, that correspond rely ead to contradictions 0 alopsms anioorve, ad impossiies Kant eet the ees ‘denstsance ofthe whole metaphyseal taco, He dems human teaton gute simply incompetent for these illusory asks: he the ‘Copemicn em war pot onward inthe prtices only an sypthe ‘se Bl the aroments of he TxnsendenalDisleee sup owt the hypothesis th eaon doce not conform #9 he eal By Inicicg heavy damage on metaphysis tems that assume sah tn the intouctons ofthe Tanscendenal Dales we als ind “stagestons that in che ease of undead ogc fers 3 clue tothe sauce ofthe fale of knowledge ror which espeSETHE CAMMRIDCE COMPANION TO KANT lly svat However in eis ete the clues gven not by the teadtogal logic of tems But by aylogte. Thus ht because ‘logistic more astact” than dhe lop of terms, bu case link distinct propositions ino larger stele schicves cert sore ‘of unity and potently avery extensive, even systema un hia acne pti we se ta ens reo ee: ‘ac ee che aed al mans bowled sme tah th ‘niestndng othe alle number nscale nl herby cheven tthe pnbeing A on Ba owes the atemp achieve vy of oles pan ‘ely ay ly using nt Tae aa po ‘apc oot lng sd dango enced tes cne Shea ay Nene facet een te fun he ce sn tr omen norte onthe tay aman fei fered ‘ios leno sn wae ded spars et wie mone prc sans ete peg Sco Fic and syns lly Cale uy ane 8 tee than enc whe cr at famed a ‘ty sn ovale At the oo te dan of he Tansee Dee At cont the spiced lias pn tenn Hea “Tbe the np hake es comin. enn ige‘One fo does W nn, hve secure siya, ‘ichaghenl Or thee noch abetinely wll ie ose, Iaccaly staal pce ere lech orhrl oasence ods trots by ate verge mi sn so og we omg the pest posal een! a atea Byes her season as obective valley anit principles ate ns ese tly der ote aes the one hese wee understood by ratosality, since thee al ue is urpanel hy the abective unity of experience. Or teason vs en 4 peep oF Puesenpuon co seek unity We kao well enough tat the pai ot the Transepdeotal Dislecee io eet the fist hon of the de Tema Tt follows thon that Rane mst sndestan reason a ‘Vindicating reason 28s precept force tsk ol schieving the seaet posible unity” Sn {gin eh astest posible any apres veroome or dpe he Uiyetened bytuses of toughe ad action wih no faranee of Success Kant docs sor presuppose tha integrated spewers 1 Bs thoes fundamental questions "What ein T know?” "What iy | {ot and "What aay Chops mst be aval he does nota fume even that human knowledge must ur cam fom 2 complete systema whole. _Akthowp the Traprendentl Dales lena mstaned po Temi guns atinalism, and apn the rationalist conepton of ‘euton a gator ad mito rest, dere good dal the ‘ext that deflects tention frm the atv, sewing a opposed to pusve snioring] charter Kant atres to reason. When Rant Theaks of pipes of reason inthe Dialect be olen uses ters {Hac Be bet with conception of reeson ay minoring realty He ‘Speaks otf uct on matin of reason which would indcste tonce tate dks of reason as pra princi for ing ‘thinking and doing born aconl rationals andecd Pltont tern of Ids of Reason Me deems is appropition of ths mis lending Plone tem, no Beate but spite os metaptel fexonance ‘Te tei sults not Beate Rant to wants o eos ‘seal thecal soneption of reason, 28 eamespondencr of ‘Bought io here archetypes, bat Beaune Pats Lew te peat ‘yl of stving for she most encompassing unity, The Parone ‘eae ate a nage ofthe wiy of he highest pines hat guide ‘querfor he Good sd the Beas a wells he Tee: Kant aliws Dine this boring, wbich parallels his own thee fndareneal ‘qustions,bu refectthe enize Fst acount of the mean {Maes cf nity and succes in ese quests He Aa eee all, ‘huh he ir des of Reason comespnd to any tel aches, nd pes psiton shoei necncble wth any orm of te Platonic ison dens es ates or knowledge nd matheretcs Inpxe of ht unequivocal eton of any rea seo he eas of Kesro, the ovsmed tcrnaogy Jy anavoahy associated with {he stages fons cls ane mati the gst diferent Kant in cocepion of ess of Reason, wee ape canesel 5 preeeps