Maths Ipe Imp Q & Ans

Jr.
MATHEMATICS
- IA
1. f: A B, g: B C are two bijection, then prove that gof: A
C is also bijection.
Sol: Given: f: A B, g: B C are bijection.
Part 1: To prove that gof: A C is one one.
Now f: A B, g: B C are one one functions.
gof: A C is a function.
Let a1, a2 A
Suppose that (gof) (a1) = (gof) (a2)
g [f(a1)]= g[f(a2)]
f (a1) = f(a2)
a1= a2
g is one one
f is one one
gof: A C is one one.

Part 2: To prove that gof: AC is onto.
Now f: A B, g: B C are onto functions.
gof: A C is a function.
Let c C,
Since g: B C is onto, there exists at least one element b B such that
g (b) =c.
Since f: A B is also onto, there exists at least one elements a A
such that f (a) =b.
Now (gof) (a) =g [f (a)]
=g (b)
=c.
for c C, there is an element a A such that
(gof) (a) = c
So gof: A C is onto.
Since gof: A C is both one one and onto, hence gof: A C is a
bijection.
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2. If f: AB, g: BC are bijection, then prove that

(gof)-1=f-1og-1.
A: given that f: AB, g: BC are bijection.
f-1: B A, g-1: C B.
Now gof: A C is also a bijection.
(g o f)-1:CA
Also g-1: C B, f-1: B A,
f-1 o g-1: C A
Thus (gof)-1 and f-1og-1 both the functions exist and have same domain
and the same co domain.
Let c be any element in C.
Since g: B C is onto, there exists at least one element b B such that
g (b) =c
b=g-1(c)
g is a bijection
Since g: A B is onto, there exists at least one element a A such that
f (a) =b
a=f-1(b)
f is a bijection. (1)
Consider
(gof) (a) =g [f (a)]
=g (b)
(gof) (a) =c
a = (gof)-1(c)
.. (1)
gof
is a bijection(2)
Also (f-1og-1) (c) =f-1[g-1(c)]

= f-1(b)
-1
-1
(f o g ) (c) = a.(2)
From (1) & (2)
(gof)-1(c) =f-1og-1) (c) c C.
Hence (gof)-1=f-1og-1.
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3. If f: A B is a bijection, then S.T fof-1=IB and f-1of=IA.
A: given that f: A B, bijection
Part 1: To show that
f-1: B A.
fof-1=IB
Now f-1: B A, f: A B fof-1:BB.

Also IB: BB
Thus fof-1 and IB both the functions exist and have same domain
and the same co domain .
Let a be any element in A.
Since f: AB, there is unique element b B.
Such that f (a) =b
a=f-1(b)
f is a bijection
Consider (fof-1) (b) =f [f-1(b)]
=f (a) =b
=IB (b)
IB:BB IB (b) =b
(fof-1) (b) =IB (b)
b B.
Thus fof-1=IB.
Part 2: To show that
f-1of=IA
Now, f: A B, f-1: B A f-1of:AA.

Also IA: AA
Thus f-1of and IA both the functions exist and have same domain
A and the same co domain A.
Now (f-1of) (a) =f -1[f (a)]
=f -1(b)
=a
=IA (a)
IA:AA IA (a) =a
(f-1of) (a) =IA (a) a A.

f-1of=IA.
Hence that fof-1=IB and
f-1of=IA.
4. Let f: A B, IA and IB are identity functions on A and B respectively. Then

foIA=f=IB of.
A: given that f: A B,
IA: AA is defined by IA (a) =a
a A.
IB: BB is defined by IB (b) =b
b B
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Part1: to prove that foIA=f
Now IA: AA, f: A B foIA: A B,
Also f: A B,
Thus foIA and f both the functions exist and have same domain A and the same co
domain B.
Let a A.
Since f: AB, there is unique element b B.
Such that f (a) =b
Consider (foIA) (a) =f [IA (a)]
=f (a)
(foIA) (a) =f (a) a A.
Hence foIA =f.. (1).
Part2: to prove that foIA=f
Now f: A B, IB: BB,
IB of: A B,
Also f: A B,
Thus IAof and f both the functions exist and have same domain A and the
same co domain B.
Let b B.
Consider (IB of) (a) = [IB (f (a))]
IB (b)
=f (a)
(IB of) (a) =f (a) a A.
Hence IB of =f.. (2).
From (1) & (2) foIA=f=IB of.
5. If f: A B, g: B A are two bijection such that gof=IA and fog= IB then prove
that g=f-1.
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Sol: Part 1: To prove that gof: A C is one one.
Now f: A B, g: B A are one one functions.
gof: A A is a function.
Let a1, a2 A f (a1)
Suppose that (gof) (a1) = (gof) (a2)
g [f(a1)]= g[f(a2)]
f (a1)= f(a2)
a1= a2
g is one one
f is one one
gof: A C is one one.

Part 2: To prove that gof is onto
Let b B ,
g: B A, there exists a unique elements a
Such that g(b)=a

Now f (a) =f [g (b)]
(fog) (b)
IB (b) =b
So f: A B is onto
Since f is both one-one and onto, so f is a bijection.
f-1:BA
Also g: BA
Thus both the functions f-1 and g have the same domain B and same co domain A.
Part 3: to show that g=f-1.
From previous part, f(a)=b
a=f-1(b)
Also g (b) =a
g (b) =f-1(b)
b B .hence g= f-1
1. Using mathematical induction, Show that

n ( n+1 ) (2 n+1)
12+ 22+3 2+ ..+ n2=
.
6
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2
2
2
2
Sol: let p ( n )=1 + 2 +3 +..+ n =
Step-1:
put n=1
L.H.S
n ( n+1 )(2n+ 1)
n2
.
6
= (1)
n ( n+1 ) (2 n+1)
.
6
R.H.S
2
t n=n
t k =k 2
1.2 .3
=
6
=1
t k+1=(k +1)2
p (1) is true for n=1.
=1
L.H.S=R.H.S
Step- 2:let us assume that p ( k ) istrue for n=k .

p ( k )=12 +22 +32 +..+k 2=
k ( k +1 ) (2 k +1)
6
adding bothsides (k +1)term
Step-3:
2
p ( k +1 )=1 +2 +3 +..+k + ( k + 1 )
k ( k +1 ) (2 k +1)
(k +1)
1
k ( k +1 )( 2 k +1 ) +6 (k +1)
6
( k +1 ) [k ( 2 k +1 )+ 6 ( k +1 ) ]
6
=
( k +1 ) [2k 2+ k +6 k + 6]
6
=
( k +1 ) [2k 2+7 k +6]
6
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=
( k +1 ) [2k 2+ 4 k + 3 k +6]
6
=
( k +1 ) [2k (k +2)+3(k + 2)]
6
=
( k +1 ) (k +2)(2 k +1)
6
Thus
p ( k +1 ) is true for n=k +1 .
by the principle of mathematical induction , p (n)
is true for all n N.
2. Using mathematical induction, Show that

n2 ( n+ 1)2
3
3
3
3
1 + 2 + 3 + ..+n =
.
4
Sol: let
3
p (n) = 1 + 2 + 3 + ..+n =
Step-1:
put n=1
L.H.S
n2 ( n+ 1)2
3
n =
4
= (1)
R.H.S
t n=n3
t k =k
1. 22
= 4
=1
L.H.S=R.H.S
n ( n+ 1)
4
t k+1=(k +1)3
=1
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2
n ( n+ 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + ..+n =
4
3
p ( k )=
Step-3:
p ( k +1 )=
1 + 2 + 3 + ..+k + ( k +1 ) =
k (k +1)
4
(k +1)
1
=
k 2 (k +1)2+ 4 (k +1)3
4
(k +1) {k +4 ( k +1 ) }
=
4
(k +1)2 {k 2 +4 k + 4 }
=
4
(k +1) (k +2)
=
4
Thus
3. 1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+..up to n terms=
n ( n+ 1 )( n+ 2 ) (n+3)
.
4
Sol: let
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p ( n )=1.2 .3+2.34+ +n ( n+1 ) ( n+2 )=
n ( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) (n+ 3)

.
4
Step-1:
L.H.S
put n=1
R.H.S
n ( n+ 1 )( n+2 )( n+3)
n ( n+1 ) (n+2)
.
4
=1.2.3
=6
L.H.S=R.H.S
1.2 .3 .4
4
=6

p ( k )=1.2 .3+2.3 .4++ k ( k +1 ) ( k +2 )=
Step-3:
n ( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) ( n+3)

4
P(k+1)=1.2.3+2.3.4+.+ k ( k +1)( k +2)+(k + 1)(k + 2)( K +3)
k ( k +1 ) ( k +2 ) (k +3)
+
4
(k +1)(k +2)( k+3)

1
=
k ( k +1 ) ( k +2 ) ( k +3 ) + 4(k +1)(k +2)( k +3)
4
IPE
Thus
( k +1 )( k +2 )( k +3 ) {k + 4 }
4
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n(n +6 n+11)
4. 2.3+3.4+4.5+up to n terms=
.
3
Sol:
let
n(n2 +6 n+11)
p ( n )=2.3+3.4 ++ ( n+ 1 )( n+2 )=
.
3
Step-1:
L.H.S
put n=1
n
n( 2+6 n+11)
3
( n+1 )(n+2)
R.H.S
=2.3
1.(1+ 6+11)
3
=6
L.H.S=R.H.S
18
=6
3

p ( k )=
k
k ( 2+ 6 k +11)
3
2.3+3.4+ + ( k +1 ) (k +2)=
Step-3:
P (k+1) = 2.3+3.4+ + ( k +1 ) ( k +2 ) + ( k +2 )( k +3 )
IPE
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k
k ( 2+6 k + 11)
+ ( k +2 )(k +3)
3
k
k ( 2+6 k + 11) ( k +2 ) (k + 3)
+
=
3
1
k
k ( 2+6 k + 11)+3 ( k+ 2 ) (k +3)
3
k 3 +6 k 2 +11 k +3 (k 2 +5 k +6)
=
3
k 3 +6 k 2 +11 k +3 k 2+ 15 k +18
=
3
k 3 +9 k 2 +26 k + 18
=
3
( k +1 ) (k 2 +8 k + 18)
=
3
( k +1 ) (k 2 +2 k +1+6 k +6+11)
=
3
k +1
=
( k +1 )
Thus
a+ ( a+d ) + .+up n terms=
n[2 a+(n1)d ]
.
2
11
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5.
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sol :
let p ( n )=a+ ( a+d ) + .+a+ ( n1 ) d=
n[2 a+( n1)d ]

.
2
Step-1:
L.H.S
put n=1
R.H.S
n[2 a+(n1) d ]
a+ ( n1 ) d
2
=a+0
=a
L.H.S=R.H.S
1. [2 a+0 ]
2a
=
2
2
=a
p(1) is true for n=1.

k
p ( k )=a+ ( a+d ) ++ a+ ( k 1 ) d= 2 {2 a+(k1) d }
Step-3:
adding both sides (k +1)term
p ( k +1 )=a+ ( a+d ) ++ { a+ ( k 1 ) d } + ( a+ kd )
k
{2 a+(k 1) d } + (a+ kd)
2
k {2 a+ ( k 1 ) d } {a+ kd }
+
2
1
2
2 ak + k dkd +2 a+2 kd
=
2
2 a ( k + 1 )+ k 2 d+ kd
=
2
2 a ( k + 1 )+ kd (k +1)
2
( k +1 ) {2 a+kd }
2
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( k +1 ) {2 a+( k +11) d }
=
2
Thus
by the principle of mathematical induction, p (n)
( r n1 )
a+ ar+ a r2 + up n terms=a
( r 1 )
sol :let
(r n1)
p ( n )=a+ ar +a r2 + a . r n1=a
(r1)
Step-1:
L.H.S
a.r
n1
put n=1
R.H.S
n
( r 1)
(r1)
r1
= a r1
=a.r0
=a
L.H.S=R.H.S
=a
( r k 1 )
k1
p
(
k
)
=a+ar
+a
2 + a . r
=a
.
r
( r1 )
Step-3:
p ( k +1 )=a+ ar +a r2 + a . r k1 +a . r k
( r k 1 )
( r 1 )
+a . r k
13
IPE
6.
Is true for all n N.
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( r k 1 ) r k
+
=a { ( r 1 )
1 }
= a
r 1+r .r r
r 1
r k +11
a(
) .
=
r 1
Thus
by the principle of mathematical induction, p (n)
1
2
2
1 +2 + 2
7. 12+ +22) +
3 )+ up to n terms =
n ( n+ 1 )2( n+2)
.
12
1
2
2
1 +2 + 2
2
2
Sol: let p (n) = 1 + +2 ) +
3 ) + ..
+ n ( n+ 1 ) (2 n+ 1)
6
n ( n+ 1 )2( n+2)
=
.
12
Step-1:
put n=1
L.H.S
n ( n+ 1 ) (2 n+1)
6
R.H.S
n ( n+ 1 )2( n+2)
.
12
1.2 .3
=
6
=1
14
IPE
=1
L.H.S=R.H.S
12
1 ( 1+1 )2 ( 1+2 )
= 12
12
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1
p ( k )=1 2+
k ( k +1 ) ( 2 k +1 ) k ( k +1 )2 ( k + 2 )
+.. +
=
.
6
12
Step-3:
p ( k +1 )=1
12+ 22+3
+
12+ 22+3
+
+ . +
k ( k +1 ) ( 2 k +1 )
6
+(k +1) ( k +2 ) (2 k + 3 ) k ( k +1 ) ( k + 2 ) (k +1) ( k +2 ) ( 2 k +3 )

=
+
6
12
6
k ( k +1 )2 ( k +2 ) +2(k +1) ( k +2 ) (2 k + 3 )
=
12
( k +1 )( k +2 ) {k ( k +1 ) +2 ( 2 k +3 ) }
12
( k +1 )( k +2 ) {k 2 +k + 4 k + 6 }
12
( k +1 )( k +2 ) {k 2 +5 k +6 }
12
( k +1 )( k +2 ) {(k +2)(k +3)}

12
(k +1) ( k +2 )2 ( k +3 )
.
=
12
Thus
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(n+1)
13 13 +23 13 +23 +33
n
2
let p ( n )= +
+
++
= (2 n +9 n+13) .
1 1+3
1+ 3+5
4
24
sol :
Step-1:
L.H.S
(n+1)2
4
4
= 4
put n=1
R.H.S
n
(2 n2+ 9 n+13) .
24
=1
24
(2+9+13)
=
24
24
=1
L.H.S=R.H.S
=1
=1

2
(k +1)
13 13 +23 13 +23+ 33
k
p ( n )= +
+
+ +
= ( 2 k 2+ 9 k +13) .
1 1+3
1+3+5
4
24
Step-3:
p ( n )=
(k + 1)
13 13+ 23 13+ 23+3 3
+
+
++
1 1+ 3
1+3+5
4
( k +2 )2
+
4
2
k
(2 k 2+ 9 k +13) + ( k +2 )
24
4
2 k + 9 k +13 k +6( k +4 k +4 )
=
24
(2 k 3 +9 k 2 +13 k + 6 k 2 +24 k + 24)

=
24
3
2 k +15 k +37 k +24
=(
24
16
IPE
8.
13 13 +23 13 +23 +33

n
+
+
+ up n terms= (2 n2+ 9 n+13) .
1 1+3
1+ 3+5
24
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( k +1 ) (2 k 2 +13 k +24)
=
24
( k +1 ) (2 k 2 +4 k +2+9 k + 9+13)
=
24
( k +1 ) {2 ( k +1 )2+ 9(k +1)+13 }
=
24
P (k+1) is true
Hence, by the principle of mathematical induction, the given
statement is true for all n N.
1
1
1
n
9. Show that 1.4 + 4.7 + 7.10 + upton terms= 3 n+1 .
Sol: let
p ( n )=
1
1
1
1
n
+
+
++
=
1.4 4.7 7.10
( 3 n2 ) (3 n+1) 3 n+1 .
Step-1:
L.H.S
put n=1
R.H.S
1
n
( 3 n2 ) (3 n+1) 3 n+1
1
1
= ( 32 ) (3+1) 3+1
1
= 1.4
L.H.S=R.H.S
1
= 1.4

p ( k )=
Step-3:
1
1
1
1
k
+
+
++
=
1.4 4.7 7.10
( 3 k 2 ) (3 k +1) 3 k + 1 .
17
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p ( k +1 )=
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
++
+
1.4 4.7 7.10
( 3 k 2 )( 3 k + 1 ) ( 3 k +1 ) (3 k +4 )
k
3k+1 +
1
( 3 k+ 1 ) (3 k +4 )
1
k
1
{ +
}
= (3 k +1) 1 3 k +4
1
3 k 2 +4 k +1
{
}
(3 k +1)
3k+4
1
3 k 2 +3 k +1 k +1
}
= (3 k +1) {
3k+4
1
= (3 k +1) {
1
3 k (k +1)+1(k +1)
}
3 k+ 4
= (3 k +1) {
=
(3 k+ 1)(k +1)
}
3k+4
( k +1)
(3 k +4)
(k + 1)
= {3 ( k +1 ) +1 }
P (k+1) is true
Hence, by the principle of mathematical induction, the given
statement is true for all n N.
10.
Sol:
Show that
49 +16 n1 isdivisible by 64 for all+ve integers n .
let p ( n )=be the statement
Step-1: put n=1

1
P (1) = 49 +16 (1)1 =49+16-1
=64
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=64(1)
Thus p (1)is divisible by 64.
Step-2:
let us assume that p ( k ) is true for n=k .
p ( k )=49k +16 k 1=64 m, for some m N
k
49 =(64 m16 k +1) . (1)
Step-3: if n=k+1
k+1
p ( k +1 )=49 +16( k +1)1
=
49 k .49+16 k + 161
=49{ 64 m16 k +1 } +16k+15

49.64 k16 k .49+ 49+16 k +15
49.64 k16 k .48+64

49.64 k16 k .12 4+64
49. 64 k 12 k .64 4 +64

=64{49m-12k+1}
thus the statement is divisible by 64
by the principle of mathematical induction ,
for all n N .
49 n+16 n1 isdivisible by 64
11.
Show that
3.5
2 n+1
+2
3 n+1
19
is divisible by 17 for all +ve integers n .
IPE
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Sol:
Step-1: put n=1

2 n+1
3 n+1
3
4
P (1) = 3.5 +2
= 3.5 +2
= 3(125)+16
375+16
391=17 23
Step-2:
p ( k )=3.52 n +1+ 23n +1=17 m , for some m N
2 n+1
3 n+ 1
3.5 =(17 m2 ) .. (1)
Step-3: if n=k+1
2 n +1
3 n +1
p ( k +1 )=3.5 +2
2 k+1
2
3 k+1
3
= 3.5 .5 +2 . 2
3 n +1
3 k+ 1
= 25(17 m2 )+2 .8
3 n+1
3 n+1
=25.17m -25. 2 +8. 2
3 n+1
=25.17m-17. 2
3 n+1
=17(25m- 2
)
IPE
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Hence,
2 n+1
3.5
12.
+2
3 n+1
for all n N .
is divisible by 17
2 n+1
+33 n+1 is divisible by 11, for all
S.T 2. 4
Sol: Sol:
nN .
Step-1: put n=1

2 n +1
3 n+1
3
4
P (1) = 2.4 +3
= 2.4 +3
2(64)+81
128+81
201=11 19

Step-2:
p ( k )=2.4 2 k+1 +33 k +1=11 m, for some m N
2 k +1
3 k+1
2.4 =(11 m2 ) .. (1)
Step-3: if n=k+1
2 ( k+1 ) +1
3 ( k +1)+1
+3
p ( k +1 )=2.4
2 k +1
2
3 k+1
3
= 2.4 . 4 +3 .3
3 k+1
3 k+1
= 16(11 m3 )+3 .27
3 n+1
3 n+1
=16.11m -16. 3 +27. 3
3 n+1
=16.11m +11. 3
3 n+1
=11(26m- 3
)
IPE
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Hence,
for all n N .
2 n+1
+33 n+1 is divisible by 11
2. 4
13.
2+3.2+3 . 2 + upto n terms=n . 2
2
n1
n
Sol: let p (n) = 2+3.2+3 . 2 + + ( n+1 ) 2 =n . 2 .
Step-1:
put n=1
L.H.S
2 n .2n .
R.H.S
= 1.2
=2
=2
=2
L.H.S=R.H.S

2
k1
k
p (k) = 2+3.2+3 . 2 + + ( k +1 ) 2 =k . 2 .
Step-3:
2
k1
k
p (k+1) = 2+3.2+3 . 2 + + ( k +1 ) 2 + ( k +2 ) 2
k . 2k + ( k +2 ) 2k
k
= 2 (k + k +2)
IPE
22
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
k
= 2 (2 k +2)
k
= 2 .2(k +1)
k+1
= 2 .(k +1)
Thus
LAQ (2
714 )
|| |
b+ c c+ a a+b
a b c
S .T c +a a+ b b+c =2 b c a
a+b b+ c c+ a
c a b
Sol: L.H.S
b +c c+ a a+b
c+ a a+b b+ c
a+ b b+c c +a
R1 R1 +R2 + R3
2 ( a+b+ c ) 2 ( a+b+ c ) 2 ( a+b+ c )

c+ a
a+ b
b +c
a+b
b+c
c+ a
( a+b+ c ) ( a+b +c ) ( a+ b+c )

c+ a
a+b
b+ c
a+ b
b+c
c +a
23
IPE
1.
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
R2 R2R 1 : R3 R3 R 1
( a+b+ c ) ( a+b +c ) ( a+ b+c )

2 b
c
a
c
a
b
R1 R1 +R2 + R3
a
b
c
2 b c a
c a b
a b c
b c a
=
c a b
2
| |
| |
a b c
= 2b c a
c a b
R.H.S
| ||
2
c
b
2
2
2 acb
a
a2
2 abc 2
( a + b +c 3 abc )
2
R 3)
(
2
| || | |
a b c
a b c a b c
L. H . S b c a = b c a b c a
c a b
c a b c a b
24
IPE
2.
2 bca
a b c
2
b c a = c
c a b
b2
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
| |
| |
a b c
c a b
b c a
a b c
b c a
c a b
| |
a b c a b c
b c a c
a
b
c a b b
c
a
|
|
a + bc+bc ab+ab +c ac +b + ac
ab+c 2 +ab b 2+ ac+ ac bc +bc +a2
ac +ac +b2 bc +a2 +bc c 2+ ab+ab
2 bca
2
c
b2
c
b
2
2
.(1)
2ac b
a
2
2
a
2 abc
2
| |
a b c
now b c a
c a b
[ a ( bca2 )b ( b2ac ) + c (abc 2) ]
( abca3b3 +abc +abcc 3 )2

(3 abca3b 3c 3 )2
( a3+ b3 +c 33 abc )2 (2)
( 1 )(2)
IPE
25
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
L. H . S=R . H . S
| | |
show that abc=1.
|
| || |
| | | |
| | | |
a a2 1+ a3
Sol :Given b b2 1+ b3 =0
c c 2 1+ c 3
2
a a 1 a a a
b b 2 1 + b b2 b3 =0
c c2 1 c c 2 c 3
2
a a 1
1 a a
2
b b 1 +abc 1 b b2 =0 {C 1 C2 }
c c2 1
c c c2
2
a a 1
a 1 a
b b 2 1 abc b 1 b 2 =0 {C 2 C 3 }
c c2 1
c 1 c2
| | | |
a a2 1
a a2 1
b b2 1 + abc b b 2 1 =0
c c2 1
c c2 1
| |
2
a a 1
b b 2 1 (1+ abc ) =0
c c2 1
[| |]
a a2 1
b b2 1 0
c c2 1
26
IPE
3.
a a2 1+ a3
a a2 1
If b b2 1+ b3 =0 b b 2 1 0,
c c 2 1+ c 3
c c2 1
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
( 1+ abc ) =0
abc=1.
a+b+ 2 c
a
b
c
b+c +2 a
b
c
a
c+ a+2 b
2(a+ b+c)3
Sol :
a+ b+2 c
a
b
c
b+ c+ 2a
b
c
a
c +a+ 2b
C1 C 1 +C2 +C 3
2(a+ b+c )
a
b
2(a+ b+c ) b+ c+ 2a
b
2(a+ b+c )
a
c +a+2 b
1
a
b
2(a+ b+c) 1 b+c +2 a
b
1
a
c+ a+2 b
R2 R2R 1 : R3 R3 R 1
27
IPE
4.
S .T
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
1
a
b
2(a+ b+c) 0 ( a+b+ c)
0
0
0
(a+b +c)
| |
1 a b
2(a+ b+c) 0 1 0 Expanding along C1
0 0 1
3
2 ( a+b+ c )3 [ 1 ( 10 ) +0+0 ]
2(a+ b+c)3
( a+b+c )3
Sol :
abc
2a
2b
2b
bca
2b
2c
2c
cab
s
R1 R1 +R2 + R3
(a+b+ c) (a+b +c) ( a+b+c )
2b
bca
2b
2c
2c
cab
28
IPE
5.
abc
2a
2b
S .T
2b
bca
2b
2c
2c
cab
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
1
1
1
( a+b+c ) 2b bca
2b
2c
2c
c ab
C2 C 2C 1 :C 3 C3 C1
1
0
0
( a+b+c ) 2b (a+b+c )
0
2c
0
( a+b+ c)
1 0 0
( a+b+c ) 2b 1 0 Expanding along R 1
2c 0 1
3
( a+b+ c ) [ 1 ( 10 ) +0+ 0 ]
( a+b+c )3
| |
| |
1 a2 a3
Sol : L. H . S 1 b2 b 3
1 c2 c3
R1 R1R2 : R2 R2R 3
29
IPE
6.
1 a2 a3
S .T 1 b2 b3 =(ab)(bc )(ca)( ab+bc +ca) .
1 c2 c3
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
| |
0 ( ab ) (a+ b) ( ab ) ( a2 +ab+b 2)
0 ( bc ) (b+ c) ( bc ) (b2 +bc +c 2)
1
c2
c3
0 a b a b
0 b2 c 2 b 3c 3
1
c2
c3
0 (a+b) (a 2+ ab+b 2)
( ab)(bc ) 0 (b+ c) (b2 +bc +c 2)
1
c2
c3
R2 R2R 1 :
0 a+b
a +ab+ b
2
( ab)(bc ) 0 (ca) b +bc +c 2a 2abb2
1
c2
c3
2
b +bc +c a abb
bc+ c 2a2 ab
b( ca)+( ca)(c +a) (ca)(a+ b+c )
|
|
0 a+b
a2+ ab+b 2
( ab)(bc ) 0 (ca) (c a)(a+b+ c)
1
c2
c3
0 a+ b a 2+ ab+b 2
( ab)(bc )(ca) 0
1
a+b+c
2
1 c
c3
Expanding alongC 1
( ab)(bc ) ( ca ) 1[ ( a+b )( a+ b+c )a2abb 2]

( ab)(bc ) ( ca ) {a 2+ ab+ac +ab+ b2 +bc
a2abb 2 }
( ab)(bc )(ca)(ab+bc +ca) .
IPE
30
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
| |
| |
a b c
Sol : a 2 b2 c 2
a 3 b3 c 3
1 1 1
abc a b c
2
2
2
a b c
C1 C 1C 2 :C 2 C2C3
0
0
1
abc ab
bc c
a2b 2 b2 c 2 c 2
abc
0
0
1
ab
bc
c
( ab ) (a+ b) ( bc ) (b+ c) c 2
abc (ab)(bc)
0
0
1
1
1
c
(a+b) (b+ c) c 2
Expanding along R 1
abc (ab)(bc)1 {b+ cab }
abc (ab)(bc)( ca)
31
IPE
7.
a b c
S .T a2 b2 c 2 =abc (ab)(bc)(ca)
a3 b3 c 3
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
x2 2 x3 3 x4
sol : x4 2 x 9 3 x16 =0
x8 2 x 27 3 x64
R2 R2R 1 : R3 R3 R 1
x2 2 x3 3 x4
2
6
12 =0.
6
24
60
x2 2 x3 3 x4
1
3
6 =0.
1
4
10
( x2 ) [ 3024 ] ( 2 x 3 ) [ 106 ]
( x2 ) [ 6 ] ( 2 x3 ) [ 4 ]
+ ( 3 x4 ) [ 43 ] =0
+ ( 3 x4 ) [ 1 ] =0
6 x128 x +12+3 x4=0
x4=0
32
IPE
8.
x2 2 x3 3 x4
find x if x 4 2 x9 3 x 16 =0.
x8 2 x27 3 x64
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
x=4.
thenix , t prove that A is invertibleA1=
] [
[ ][
adjA
.
detA
a1 b1 c1
A 1 A2 A 3
Sol : A= a2 b2 c2 adjA= B1 B 2 B3
a3 b3 c3
C1 C2 C3
a1 b1 c1 A1 A 2 A3
Now A . adjA= a2 b2 c2 . B 1 B2 B3
a3 b3 c3 C 1 C2 C 3
a 1 A1 +b 1 B1+ c 1 C 1 a1 A 2+ b1 B2 +c 1 C 2 a1 A 3+ b1 B3 +c 1 C 3
a 2 A1 +b 2 B1+ c 2 C 1 a2 A 2+ b2 B2 +c 2 C 2 a2 A3 + b2 B3 +c 2 C3
a3 A1 +b 3 B1 +c 3 C 1 a3 A 2+ b3 B2 +c 3 C2 a 3 A3 + b3 B3 +c 3 C3
detA
0
0
0
detA
0
0
0
detA
]
33
IPE
9.
a1 b1 c 1
If A= a2 b2 c 2 is a nonsingular martix ,
a3 b 3 c 3
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
[ ]
1 0 0
detA 0 1 0 =detA . I
0 0 1
A.
adjA
=I
detA
Similarly we can prove that
A1=
10.
If A=
Sol: A=
A=
adjA
=I
detA
adjA
.
detA
1 2 3
0 1 4
2 2 1
1 2 3
0 1 4
2 2 1
1
0 2
2 1 2
3
4
1
| | | | |
, then find (A)-1.
1 2
2 2
2 1
|A|= 1 4 1 +0 3 1 +3 3
4
= 1 (18 )+ 0 (26 ) +3(8+3)
= 9+ 0 +10=1
IPE
34
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
(18) (6 +2) (8+3)

(8+0) (1+6) (04)
(02) (42) (10)
9 8 5
8 7 4
2 2 1
9 8 2
8
7
2
5 4 1
]
[
9 8 2
1
1
'
(
)
adj
A
=
8
7
2
A-1= | A'|
1
5 4 1
9 8 2
8
7
2
5 4 1
11.
Solve the following equations by using Cramer s rule method .
] [] [ ]
3 4 5
x
18
Sol :let A= 2 1 8 , X = y B= 13
5 2 7
z
20
35
IPE
Adj (A) =
2 2 1
1
3
4
2 1
0
2 2 1
1
4
0
1
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
3 4 5
= 2 1 8
5 2 7
| | | | | |
3 1 8 4 2 8 +5 2 1
2 7
5 7
5 2
3(7+16)4(1440)+ 5(4+ 5)
3(9)4(26)+5(1)
27+10+5
'
136 0 crame r s rule aplicable
18 4 5
1 = 13 1 8
20 2 7
18
| | | |
1 8
13 8
13 1
4
+5
2 7
20 7
20 2
18(7+16)4( 91160)+5(26+20)
18(9)4(69)+5(6)
162+ 27630
408
| |
3 18 5
2= 2 13 8
5 20 7
| | | | | |
3 13 8 18 2 8 +5 2 13
20 7
5 7
5 20
3(91160)18(1440)+5(4065)
3(69)18(26)+5(25)
207+468125
136
3 4 18
3 = 2 1 13 =3 1 13 4 2 13 +18 2 1
2 20
5 20
5 2
5 2 20
| | | | |
3(20+26)4( 4065)+5 (4+5)

3(6)4(25)+5(1)
18+100+18
IPE
36
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
136
x=
1 408
136
136
=
, y= 2 =
, z= 3 =
136
136
136
x=3, y=1z=1.
] [] []
2 1 3
1 1
1 1
1 1
= 1 1 1 =2
+1
+3
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1
| | | | | |
2(1+1)+1(11)+3(11)
2(2)+1( 0)+3 (2)

46=2 crame r ' srule aplicable .
9 1 3
1 = 6 1 1 =6 1 1 +1 6 1 + 3 6 1
1 1
2 1
2 1
2 1 1
| | | | |
9(1+1)+ 1(62)+3(62)
9(2)+1(4 )+ 3(8)
18+424=2224=2
| |
2 9 3
2= 1 6 1 =2 6 1 9 1 1 +3 1 6
2 1
1 1
1 2
1 2 1
| | | | | |
2(62)9(11)+3(26)
2(4 )+1( 0)+3 (24)
37
IPE
12.
2 1 3
x
9
Sol :let A= 1 1 1 , X= y B= 6
1 1 1
z
2
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
812=4
2 1 9
3 = 1 1 6 =2 1 6 +1 1 6 + 9 1 1
1 2
1 2
1 1
1 1 2
| | | | | |
2(2+6)+1(26)+ 9 (11 )
2(8)+1(4)+9 (2)
16418
1622=6
x=
1 2
4
6
= =1, y= 2 =
=2, z = 3 = =3
2
2
2
x=1, y=2z=3.
] [] [ ]
1 1 1
x
9
A= 2 5 7 , X = y B= 52
2 1 1
z
0
13.
1 1 1
= 2 5 7 =1 5 7 1 2 7 +1 2 5
1 1
2 1
2 1
2 1 1
| | | | | |
1(57)1(214)+ 1(210)
1(12)1(16)+1(8)
12+168=4 crame r ' srule aplicable .
9 1 1
5 7
52 7
52 5
1 = 52 5 7 =9
1
+1
1 1
0 1
0 1
0 1 1
| | |
IPE
38
| | |
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
9(57)1(520)+1(520)
9(12)1(52)+1(52)
108+ 52+ 52
108+ 104=4
1 9 1
2 = 2 52 7 =1 52 7 9 2 7 +1 2 52
0 1
2 1
2 0
2 0 1
| | | | |
1(520)9 (214)+1(0104)
1(52)9(16)+1(104)
52+144104
156 +144=12
| |
1 1 9
5 52
2 52
2 5
3 = 2 5 52 =1
1
+9
1 0
2 0
2 1
2 1 0
| | | | | |
1(052)1(0104)+ 9(210)
1(52)1(104)+9 (8)
52+10472
124 +104=20
x=
1 4
12
20
=
=1, y= 2 =
=3, z= 3 =
=5
4
4
4
x=1, y=3z=5.
] [] []
39
IPE
14.
2 1 3
x
8
A= 1 2
,
X
=
B=
1
y
4
3
1 4
z
0
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
2 1 3
2 1 + 1 1 1 +3 1 2
= 1 2
1 =2
1 4
3 4
3 1
3
1 4
| |
| | |
2(81)+1(43)+3(16)
2(9)+1( 1)+3(7)
18+121
38
8 1 3
2 1
4 1
4 2
1 = 4 2
+1
+3
1 =8
1 4
0 4
0 1
0 1 4
| |
| | |
8(81)+1(160)+ 3(40)
8(9)+1(16)+3 (4)
7216+12
76
2 8 3
2= 1 4 1 =2 4 1 8 1 1 +3 1 4
0 4
3 4
3 0
3 0 4
| |
| |
2(160)8( 43)+3 (012)

2(16)8(1)+3(12)
32836
76
2 1 8
3 = 1 2 4 =2 2 4 +1 1 4 +8 1 2
1 0
3 0
3 1
3
1 0
| | |
| | |
012+ 8(16)
04 +1
2
2(4)+1(12)+ 8(7)
IPE
40
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
76
81256
x=
1 76
76
76
=
=2, y = 2 =
=2, z= 3 =
=2
38
38
38
x=2, y =2z=2.
method :
] [] [ ]
AX =B X= A1. B
adjA
A-1
detA
A1 B1 C1 1 8 2 1
AdjA = A2 B2 C2 2 7 5 2
4 53 4
A 3 B3 C 3
1 8 2 1
(7+ 16) ( 4014 ) (4 +5)

cofactor (1028) (2125) (20+ 6)
(32+ 5)
( 1024) (38)
9
26
1
38 4
26
37 14 11
]
[
9 38 37
AdjA =[ cofactor ] = 26 4 14
1 26 11
T
](
DetA=a1 A 1 +b1 B1 + c1 C1
2(9)4(26)+5(1)
41
IPE
15.
3 4 5
x
18
A= 2 1 8 , X= y B= 13
5 2 7
z
20
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
136
A1=
9 38 37
adjA
1
=
26 4 14
detA 136
1
26 11
X = A-1 . B
][ ]
9 38 37 18
1
26 4 14 13
136
1
26 11 20
162494+740
1
46852280
136
18+ 338+220
408
1
136 x=3, y=1z=1.
136
136
[ ]
] [] []
2 1 3
x
9
(b). Sol:let A= 1 1 1 , X = y B= 6
1 1 1
z
2
AX =B X= A1. B
adjA
A-1
detA
2 1 3
detA = 1 1 1 =2 1 1 +1 1 1 +3 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 1
| | | | | |
2(1+1)+1(11)+3(11)
2(2)+1( 0)+3 (2)

1
46=2 0 A .
IPE
42
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
](
A 1 B1 C 1 1 1 1 1
AdjA = A2 B2 C2 1 1 1 1
1 3 2 1
A 3 B3 C 3
1 11 1
(1+ 1) (11) (11)

cofactor (3+1) (23) (1+2)
(13) (32) (2+1)
2
0 2
2 1 1
4 1
3
]
[
2 2 4
2 1
3
T
-1
2 2 4
adjA 1
=
0 1 1
detA 2
2 1
3
X =A1 . B
][ ]
2 2 4 9
1
0 1 1 6
2
2 1
3 2
1
2
18128
06 +2
18+ 6+6
] []
2
1
4
2
6
x=1, y=2z=3
IPE
43
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
] [] [ ]
| || ||
1 1 1
x
9
A= 2 5 7 , X = y B= 52
2 1 1
z
0
16.
1 1 1
5 7
2 7
2 5
detA = 2 5 7 =1
1
+1
1 1
2 1
2 1
2 1 1
| | |
1(57)1(214)+ 1(210)
1(12)1(16)+1(8)
12+168=4 0. A1 .
](
A1 B1 C 1 5 7 2
AdjA = A2 B2 C 2 1 1 2
1 11
A3 B3 C 3
5 72
5
1
1
5
(57) (14 +2) (210)

cofactor (1+1) (12) (21)
(75)
(27) (52)
12 16 8
2 3 1
2 5 3
]
[
12 2
2
8 1
3
T
-1
12 2
2
adjA 1
=
16 3 5
detA 4
8
1
3
X = A-1 . B
][ ]
12 2
2 9
1
16 3 5 52
4
8
1
3 0
44
IPE
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
108+104 +0
1
144156+0
2
72+52+0
4
1
12 x=1, y=3z =5.
2
20
[ ]
] [] []
2 1 3
x
8
A= 1 2
,
X
=
B=
1
y
4
3
1 4
z
0
17.
2 1 3
2 1
1 1
1 2
detA = 1 2
+1
+3
1 =2
1 4
3 4
3 1
3
1 4
| |
| | |
2(81)+1(43)+3(16)
2(9)+1( 1)+3(7)
18+ 121
38 0. A1 .
(81) (34) (16)

cofactor (34) (89) (32)
(16) (32) (41)
2
1
1
2
]
45
IPE
9 1 7
1 17 5
7 5
3
2 1 1
A 1 B1 C 1
AdjA = A2 B2 C2 , cofactor 1 4 3
1 3 2
A 3 B3 C 3
2 1 1
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
9 1 7
T
7 5 3
-1
9 1 7
adjA
1
=
1 17 5
detA 38
7 5
3
X = A-1 . B
][ ]
9 1 7 8
1
1 17 5 4
38
7 5 3 0
724+ 0
1
868+0
38
5620+0
76
1
76 x=2, y=2z=2.
38
76
[ ]
17.
Show that the following system of equations is
consistent and solve it completely.
x+ y+ z=3,2 x +2 yz=3, x+ yz=1 ;
sol :the augmented
1 1 1 3
[ AD ] = 2 2 1 3
1 1 1 1
on applying R2 R22 R1 , R 3 R3R1
IPE
46
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
1 1 1
3
0 0 3 3
0 0 2 2
an applying R3 3 R32 R2
1 1 1
3
0 0 3 3
0 0 0
0
.. (1)
Comparing with echelon form

Number of non-zero rows in A are 2
rank (A) =2
Number of non-zero rows in AD are 2
rank (AD) =2
Rank (A) =rank (AD) =2
The system is consistent and has infinitely many solutions.
We write equivalent set of equations from (1)
x+ y+ z=3
. (2)
3 z=3 .. (3)
Z =1
Hence z =1, x + y=2

Let x=k y =2k , z=1,
R is the solution set .
18.
Apply the test of rank to examine whether the
following equations are consistent.
2 x y+ 3 z =8,x +2 y+ z =4, 3 x+ y 4 z =0 ;
sol :the augmented
IPE
47
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
[ AD ] = 1
3
1 3 8
2 1 4
1 4 0
] [
~
2 1 3 8
1 2 1 4
3
1 4 0
on interchanging R1R2
we transform the above
an upper triangular
on applying R2 R2 +2 R1 , R3 R3 +3 R1
1 2 1
4
0 3 5 16
0 7 1 12
an applying R3 3 R37 R 2
1 2 1
4
0 3 5
16
0 0 38 76
(1)
Comparing with echelon form

Number of non-zero rows in A are 3 rank (A) =3
Number of non-zero rows in AD are 3 rank (AD) =3
Hence rank (A) =rank [(AD)] =3.
Thus the system has a unique solution.
We write the system of equations from (1)
x +2 y + z=4 (2)
3 y+ 5 z =16 .. (3)
38 z=76 . (4)
(4)
z=2 ( 3 )
IPE
48
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
3 y=1610=6
y=2 y =2, z=2( 1 ) x=2

x= y=z=2is the solution.
19.
Solve the following system of equations

x+ y+ z=1,2 x +2 y+ 3 z =6, x + 4 y +9 z=3 ;
Sol: the augmented
1 11 1
[ AD ] = 2 2 3 6
1 49 3
] [
1 00
0 10
0 01
x
y
z
on applying R2 R22 R1 , R 3 R3R1
1
1 1
1
22 22 32 62
11 41 91 31
1 11 1
0 01 4
0 38 2
R2 R3
1 11 1
0 38 2
0 01 4
R1 3 R1R2
30 33 38 32
0
3 8
2
0
0 1
4
3 0 5 1
0 3 8 2
0 0 1 4
R1 R1 +5 R 3 , R2 R 28 R3
IPE
49
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
3+ 0 0+0 5+5 1+ 20
00 30 88 232
0
0
1
4
3 0 0 21
0 3 0 30
0 01
4
1 00
7
0 1 0 10
0 01
4
]
]
R1
[ ]
R1
3
R2
[ ]
R2
3
x=7, y=10, z=4
x y +3 z=5,4 x +2 yz=0,x+3 y + z=5 ;

20.
Sol: the augmented
1 3 5
2 1 0
1 3 1 5
[ AD ] = 4
] [
1 00
0 10
0 01
x
y
z
on applying R2 R24 R1 , R 3 R3 + R1
1
1
3
5
44 2+ 4 112 020
1+ 1 31 1+3
5+5
1 1 3
5
0 6 13 20
0 1 2
5
R2
R2 R25 R3
[ ]
R3
2
50
IPE
1 1 3
5
0 6 13 20
0 2 4
10
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
=
1
1
3
5
00 65 1310 2025
0
1
2
5
1 1 3
5
0 1 23 45
0 1 2
5
R1 R1 + R2 , R3 R 3R2
1+ 0 1+1 323 545

0
1 23
45
00 11 2+23 5+ 45
R3
1 0 20 40
0 1 23 45
0 0 25
50
[ ]
R3
25
1 0 20 40
0 1 23 45
0 0 1
2
R1 R1 +20 R3 ; R 2 R 2+ 23 R 3
1+0 0+0 20+20 40+40

0
1 23+23 45+46
0
0
1
2
1 00 0
0 10 1
0 01 2
x=0, y=1, z=2
2 x y+ 3 z =9, x + y + z=6, x y + z=2 ;
Sol:
the augmented
2 1 3 9
[ AD ] = 1 1 1 6
1 1 1 2
1
R 1 R
] [
1 00
0 10
0 01
x
y
z
R2
51
IPE
21.
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
21 11 31 96
1
1
1
6
1
1 1
2
] [
1 2 2 3
1 1 1 6
1 1 1 2
on applying R2 R2R 1 , R3 R3 R 1
] [
] [
1
2 2
3
11 1+2 12 63
11 1+2 12 23
1 2 2
3
0 3 1 3
0 1 1 1
R2 R22 R3
1
2 2
3
00 32 1+2 3+2
0
1 1
1
1 2 2
3
0 1 1
5
0 1 1 1
R1 R1 +2 R 2 , R3 R3 R2
1+ 0 2+2 2+2
3+10
0
1
1
5
00 11 11 15
R3
] [
1 0 4 13
0 1 1
5
0 0 2 6
[ ]
R3
2
1 0 4 13
0 11 5
0 01 3
R1 R14 R3 ; R 2 R2R3
IPE
52
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
1 0 44 1312
0 1 11 53
0 0 1
3
x=1, y=2, z=3
If A , B , C are angles of a triangle , prove that
cos 2 A +cos 2 B+cos 2 C=14 cosAcosBcosC .

Sol: LHS=
cos 2 A +cos 2 B+cos 2 C
{ cosC +cosD=2 cos (
=2cos
C +D
CD
) cos (
) }
2
2
B
( 2 A+2 2 B ) cos( 2 A2
)+cos 2C
2
=2cos ( A + B ) cos ( AB ) +cos 2C
A + B+C=
A + B= C
Cos ( A + B )=cos ( C)
Cos ( A + B )=cosC
=- 2 cosCcos ( AB ) +cos 2C
cos 2 C=2 cos2 C1

2cosCcos ( AB ) +2 cos2 C1
= 2 cosC [ cos ( AB )cosC ] 1
53
IPE
1.
] [
1 00 1
0 10 2
0 01 3
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
= 2 cosC [ cos ( AB )+ cos ( A + B) ]1
cos ( AB ) +cos ( A+ B )=2 cosAcosB

= 2 cosC [ 2cosAcosB ] 1
=-1-4 cosAcosBcosC RHS
If A + B+C=270 , P . T
cos 2 A +cos 2 B+cos 2 c=14 sinAsinBsinC .
Sol: LHS=
cos 2 A +cos 2 B+cos 2 C
{ cosC +cosD=2 cos (
=2cos
C +D
CD
) cos (
) }
2
2
B
( 2 A+2 2 B ) cos( 2 A2
)+cos 2C
2
=2cos ( A + B ) cos ( AB ) +cos 2C
A + B+C=
A + B=
3
2
3
C
2
Cos
( A + B )=cos (
3
C)
2
54
IPE
2.
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
Cos ( A + B )=sinC
=- 2 sinCcos ( AB ) +cos 2 C
cos 2 C=12 sin2 C

2 sinCcos ( AB )+ 12 sin2 C
= 2 sinC [ cos ( AB ) + sinC ] +1
= 2 sinC [ cos ( AB ) cos ( A + B) ]+1
cos ( AB )cos ( A + B )=2 sinAsinB

= 2 sinC [ 2 sinAsinB ] +1
= 14 sinAsinBsinC RHS
3. If A, B, C are angles of a triangle , prove that
A
B
C
A
B
C
+sin2 sin 2 =12cos cos sin
2
2
2
2
2
2 .
Sol: LHS=
sin 2
A
B
C
+sin2 sin 2
2
2
2
55
IPE
sin 2
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
2 A
2 B
2C
= sin 2 +1cos 2 sin 2
2B
2 A
2C
cos
sin
sin
=1-(
2
2 )2
cos2
B
A
sin 2
2
2 =cos
1cos
AB
cos (
)
( A +B
)
2
2
AB
C
cos
sin
( A +B
2 ) ( 2 )
2
2
A + B+C=
A+ B C
=
2
2 2
( A+ B )
C
c
=cos =sin ( )
Cos
2
2 2
2
c
AB
C
1sin ( )cos
sin 2
2
2
2
1sin
C
AB
A+ B
[cos
+cos
]
2
2
2
) (
C
A
B
1sin
[2cos
cos
]
=
2
2
2
A
B
C
12
cos
cos
sin
=
2
2
2 .RHS
IPE
56
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA

cos 2 A+cos 2 Bcos2 C=12 sinAsinBcosC .
cos 2 A+cos 2 Bcos2 C
Sol:
2
cos A +1sin Bcos C

2
= 1+cos A sin Bcos C

cos 2 Asin 2 B=cos ( A + B)cos ( AB)
2
=1+ cos ( A+ B ) cos ( AB )cos C
A + B+C=
A + B= C
Cos ( A + B )=cos ( C)
Cos ( A + B )=cosC
2
=1- cos C cos ( AB )cos C
=1-
C [ cos ( AB ) +cosC ]
cos
= 1cosC [ cos ( AB )cos ( A+ B) ]
IPE
57
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
cos ( AB )+ cos ( A + B )=2 sinAsinB
== 1cosC [ 2 sinAsinB ]
=1-2 sinAsinBcosC RHS
sinA+ sinBsinC =4 sin
A
B
C
sin cos
2
2
2 .
Sol: LHS= sinA + sinBsinC
{ sinC + sinD=2 sin (

sin
=2
C +D
CD
)cos (
) }
2
2
sinC
( A+2 B ) cos ( AB
2 )
A + B+C=
A+ B C
=
2
2 2
sin
( A +B )
C
=sin
2
2 2
c
cos ( )
2
2 cos
C
AB
cos
sinC
2
2
[s 2 A=2 sinAcosA ]
58
IPE
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
=
2 cos
C
AB
C
C
cos
2sin cos
2
2
2
2
2 cos
C
AB
C
[cos
sin ]
2
2
2
2 cos
C
AB
C
[cos
sin ]
2
2
2
(
(
{ cos
)
)
( A+ B )
c
=sin ( ) }
2
2
2 cos
( A + B)
C
AB
[cos
cos
]
2
2
2
2 cos
C
A
B
[2 sin sin ]
2
2
2
4 sin
A
B
C
sin cos
2
2
2
RHS
If a=13,b=14, c=15 , S . T
R=
sol : Given
65
21
,r =4, r 1= , r 2=12,
8
2
S =
r 3=14
a=13,b=14, c=15
a+b+ c 13+14+ 15
=
=
2
2
42
=21
2
59
IPE
1.
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
= ( s )( sa ) ( sb ) (sc)
( 21 )( 2113 )( 2114 ) (2115)
( 21 )( 8 )( 7 ) (6)
7.3.4 .2 .7 .3 .2
2. If r=1,
Sol: given r=1,
(7.3 .4)2
R=
r 1=2, r 2=3, r 3=6
We know that
= r .r 1 . r 2 . r 3
= (7.7 ) . ( 3.3 ) .(4.4)

=
r 1=2, r 2=3, r 3=6 find a ,b ,c .
1.2 .3 .6= 6.6= 62
=6
=84
6
S= 1 =6
abc 13.1 .4 .15 65

=
=
4
4.84
8
84
r= = =4
s 21
6
1
=6
S=
a=s
6
a=6 =63=3
2
84
84 21
r 1=
=
= =
2
( sa ) 2113 8
b=s
84
84
=
= =12
( sb ) 2114 7
r 3=
84
84
=
= =14
( sc ) 2115 6
r2
6
b=6 =62=4.
3
c=s
r
6
3
c=6 =61=5.
6
60
IPE
r 2=
r1
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
3. If
96
S=
S=
r4
r 1=8, r 2=12, r 3=24 find a , b , c .
Sol: given
r 1=8, r 2=12, r 3=24
We know that
1 1 1 1
= + +
r r1 r2 r3
96
4
=24
a=24
1 1 1 1
= + +
r 8 12 24
1 3+2+1 6 1
=
= = r =4
r
24
24 4
a=s
96
=2412=12
8
b=s
b=24
r1
r2
96
=248=16.
12
= r .r 1 . r 2 . r 3
4 2 . 22 . 122
4.4 .2 .12.12 .2
96c=s r 3
c 24 24 =244=20
=4.2.12=8.12=96
61
IPE
4.8 .12.24
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
4. S. T
r 1 r1 r1 1 1
+ + =
bc ca ab r 2 R
4 RS
2 A
(sin
)
= abc
2
r 1 r1 r1
Sol: bc + ca + ab
r1
=
bc
S
1cos A
)
= (
2
1cos A S 1
2 A
sin =
=
2
2
r
a=
ar
1
abc
r 1=s . tan
2 R sin A . S . tan
1
[1cos A+1cos B+1cos C]
2r
C
cos A+cos B+ cos
3
=
1
2r
A
2
A
2
abc
=
sin A=2 sin
A
A
cos
2
2
tan
C
cos A+cos B+ cos
1
A
B
C
[ 3(1+ 4 sin sin sin )]
2r
2
2
2
A sin A /2
=
2 cos A /2
A
A
cos
2
2
2sin
=
2 RS
abc
1
[2
2r
4 R sin
r=4 R sin
A
B
C
sin sin
2
2
2
]
R
A
B
C
sin sin
2
2
2
4R S
=
abc
IPE
62
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
[ ]
1
r
= 2 r 2 R
5. S.T
6.
7.
8.
9.
1
1 r
= 2 r .2 2 r . R
1 1

r 2R
r +r 3 +r 1r 2=4 R cos B
14.
Sol: W.K.T
A
B
C
r=4 R sin sin sin
2
2
2
+4 R cos
,
A
B
C
cos sin
2
2
2
16.
4 R sin
A
B
C
r 1=4 R sin cos cos
2
2
2
r 2=4 R cos
17.
A
B
C
sin cos
2
2
2
18.
,
A
B
C
r 3=4 R cos cos sin
2
2
2
13.
63
C
A
B
A
B
{sin sin +cos cos }
2
2
2
2
2
cos
AB
A
B
A
B
=cos cos +sin sin
2
2
2
2
2
C
AB
{cos
}
2
2
19.
4 R sin
20.
r 1r 2 =4 R sin
IPE
12.
A
B
C
sin sin
2
2
2
15.
10.
11.
r +r 3=4 R sin
.. (1)
A
B
C
cos cos
2
2
2
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
21.
22.
=
4 R cos
23.
C
A
B
A
B
{sin cos cos sin }
2
2
2
2
2
= 4 R cos B
R.H.S
41.
42.
43.
L.H.S
28.
44.
45.
r +r 3 +r 1r 2
46.
29.
4 Rsin
47.
C
A+ B
C
AB
cos
+ 4 R cos {sin
}
2
2
2
2
48.
49.
30.
50.
4 R sin
C
AB
C
AB
cos
+cos sin
2
2
2
2
32.
34.
37.
40.
C
AB
4
R
cos
{sin
} ..(2)
=
2
2
27.
33.
= 4 R sin 2 B
39.
26.
31.
[ ( )]
36.
38.
AB
A
B
A
B
sin
=sin cos cos sin
2
2
2
2
2
24.
25.
A
B
C
sin cos
2
2
2
4 R cos
sin
ABC ,
A
B
C
+cot + cot
2
2
2
cot
cot A+ cot B+ cot c
AB
A
B
A
B
=sin cos cos sin
2
2
2
2
2
= 4 R sin
In
AB+ C
2
A + B+C =
(a+ b+c )2
a 2+ b2+ c 2
51.
Sol:
35.
IPE
64
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
52.
Consider Nr
72.
A
B
C
+cot + cot
2
2
2
cot
53.
54.
s(sa)
s (sb)
s (sa)
cot A +=
2
( )
73.
s (sc )
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
s
= (sa+sb +sc)
s
= ( 3 s( a+b+ c ) ) a+b +c=2 s
74.
75.
76.
77.
A
= bc sin
1
a 2+ b2+=
c 2+ 2a2b 2+ c 2+ a2 +b2c2
4
s
= ( 3 s2 s )
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
s ( ) S2
= s =
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
Consider Dr
66.
67.
78.
(a+ b+c )
4
A +cot B+ cot C
cot
cos A cos B cos C
+
+
sin A sin B sinC
84.
68.
69.
70.
71.
85.
a 2+b 2+ c 2
cos A=
2 bc
2
2
2
2
2
a +b + c a b + c 2 a2 +b2 c 2
+
+
2 bc sin A
2casin B 2 absinC
86.
a2 +b2 +c 2
=
4
Now Nr/Dr
(a+b+ c)2
4
2
a +b2 + c2
4
(a+ b+c )2
= a 2+ b2+ c 2
A
B
C
+ cot + cot
2
2
2
cot cot A+ cot B+ cotC
87.
65
IPE
55.
A
1
bc sin
2
B
1
acsin
2
C
=
1
absin
2
4
4
4
2
a + b2+ c 2
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
88.
(a+ b+c )2
= a 2+ b2+ c 2
105.
89.
90.
If P1 , P2 , P3 are the altitudes drawn
92.
93.
1 1 1 1
+ + =
P 1 P 2 P3 r
2 s2c sc 1
=
=
2
r3
113.
1 1
1 1
+ =
P1 P 2 P 3 r 3
( ii )
a+bc
2
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
91.
vertices A , B , c theopposite sides of a
triange then S . T ( i )
3
( iii ) P3 . P3 . P3 = 2 . 2 . 2 = 8
a b c
abc
2
( iii ) P3 . P3 . P3 =
114.
97.
99.
(i)
( )
117.
S .T
1 1 1
a
b
c
+ + =
+
+
P1 P 2 P 3 2 2 2
a+b+ c
2
102.
103.
abc
4R
8 (abc)2 (abc )2
=
=
abc
64 R3
8 R3
abr 1 r 2 bcr 2 r 3 abr 3 r 1

=
=
r3
r1
r2
118. Sol:
100.
101.
116.
2
2
2
P1= a , P2= b , P3= c
98.
( ii )
2s 1
=
2 r
abc
4R
1
1
1
= a P1 , = b P2 , = c P3
2
2
2
96.
115.
Sol:
s 1
=
r
119.
abr 1 r 2
( 2 R sin A ) ( 2 R sin B )
120.
1 1
1
a
b
c
+ =
+
P1 P 2 P 3 2 2 2
4 R sin
104.
66
IPE
94.
95.
8 3 (abc )
=
abc
8 R3
A
B
C
cos cos
2
2
2
)( 4 R cos A2 sin B2 cos C2 )

AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
121. =
130.
131.
C
A
B
B
B
4 R 2 sin A sin B 4 R2 cos2
2 sin cos
2sin cos
2 A
2 B
2C
2
2
2132. 2 a 2cos + b cos + c cos
2
2
2 =S
](
)(
122. =
4 R 2 sin A sin B 4 R2 cos2
C
( sin A )( sin B )
2
2
2C
123. = 4 R sin A sin B 1cos 2
+ R
133. Sol:
134. L.H.S a
cos
A
B
C
+ b cos +c cot
2
2
2
135.
2
2C
124. = 4 R sin A sin B sin 2
A
1+cos A
)
136. a cos 2 = a (
2
137.
A
a+ acos
138.
1
125.
C
abr 1 r 2
2
Now
=
r3
A
B
C
4 R cos cos sin
2
2
2
4 R2 sin A sin B sin 2
139.
126. =
4 R2 2 sin
)[
A
B
B
B
C
cos
2 sin cos
sin2
2
2
2
2
2
A
B
C
4 R cos cos sin
2
2
2
)(
140.
A
acos
1
( a ) +
2
1
141.
A
2 RsinAcos
142. a+b+ c 1
+
2
2
A
B
C
4
R
sin
sin
sin
=r
127. =
2
2
2
128.
143.
bcr 2 r 3 abr 3 r 1
simmilarly
=
=r
r1
r2
sin 2 A
144. s + R
2
129.
145.
IPE
67
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
+sin 2 B+sin 2 B
sin 2 A
146.
R
s+
2
173.
174.
1
A+ B
AB
3(2 cos
+ cos
+ cos C)
2
2
2
147.
152.
s+
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
177.
178.
2 R2 sinA sinBsinC
R
1
C
AB
A
3(2 sin +cos
+12 sin2 )
2
2
2
2
149.
151.
) (
175.
176.
sinBsinC
4 sinA
148.
R
s+
2
150. s +
1
C
AB
A
312 sin {cos
sin }
2
2
2
2
R.H.S
179.
180.
)]
1
C
AB
A+B
22 sin {cos
cos
}
2
2
2
2
) (
181.
182.
1
C
A
B
312 sin {2 sin sin }
2
2
2
2
183.
sin
1
A
B
C
184. 2 24 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
A
r
2 B
2C
+sin +sin =1
.
2
2
2
2R
185.
167. Sol:
186. 1 2
2
A
2 B
2C
168. L.H.S sin 2 +sin 2 +sin 2
2
4 Rsin
A
B
C
sin sin
2
2
2
R
187.
169.
[ ]
1cos A 1cos A 1cos A

+
+
170.
2
2
2
1
r
2 r
r
2
=
=1
188. 2
R 2 2R
2R
171.
189. R.H.S
190.
191.
192.
68
IPE
1
172. 2 [ 3(cos A+cos B+ cos C) ]
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
193.
194.
195.
196.
213.
4 Rsin
1
A
2 B
2C
197. Or sin 2 +sin 2 +sin 2
2
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
198.
2 A
2 B
2C
1cos
+sin
+
sin
199.
2
2
2
200.
2 A
2B
2C
1{cos
sin
}+
sin
201.
2
2
2
202.
203.
C
+sin
( A+2 B ) cos ( AB
)
2
2]
2
204.
205.
1sin
C
AB
C
cos
+sin 2
2
2
2
1sin
233.
C
AB
C
{cos
sin }
2
2
2
+c 3 cos ( AB )=3 abc
3
235. Sol: a cos ( BC ) =
a . a2 cos ( BC )
236.
)]
C
AB
A+ B
{cos
cos
}
2
2
2
2
237. = a 2 RsinA . cos ( BC )
2
238. = a
210.
211.
b3 cos ( C A )
234.
208.
209.
1sin
a3 cos ( BC ) +
232.
206.
207.
1sin
C
A
B
{2 sin sin }
2
2
2
2 Rsin (B+C) .cos ( BC )
212.
239.
Ra2
[ sin ( B+C + BC ) +sin ( B+ CB+C ) ]
69
IPE
1cos
A
B
C
sin sin
2
2
2
r
=1
2R
2R
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
240.
Ra2 [ sin ( 2 B ) +sin ( 2 C ) ]
241.
Ra2
256.
257.
258.
[ 2 sinBcosB+ 2 sinCcosC ]
242.
259.
a2
260.
261.
[ ( 2 RsinB ) cosB+(2 RsinC )cosC ]
262.
243.
244.
263.
a
[ ( b ) cosB+(C) cosC ]
264.
265.
245.
246.
a [ bcosB+c cosC ]
266.
267.
b2 [ ccosC +a cosA ] +c 2 [ acosA +b cosB ]
268.
247.
269.
248. = ab [ acosB+ b cosA ]
270.
bc [ bcosC +c cosB ] + ca [ acosC + c cosA ]
271.
272.
249.
250. = ab [ c ]
273.
+ bc [ a ] + ca [ b ]
274.
251.
275.
252. = abc
276.
253.
277.
254.
278.
255.
279.
IPE
70
AIMS TUTORIAL
Jr.MATHEMATICS
- IA
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
IPE
71
AIMS TUTORIAL
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
303.
304.
305.
306.
302.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
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Maths Ipe Imp Q & Ans

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Maths Ipe Imp Q & Ans

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Jr.

1. f: A B, g: B C are two bijection, then prove that gof: A

gof: A C is one one.

2. If f: AB, g: BC are bijection, then prove that

Also (f-1og-1) (c) =f-1[g-1(c)]

Now f-1: B A, f: A B fof-1:BB.

Now, f: A B, f-1: B A f-1of:AA.

(f-1of) (a) =IA (a) a A.

Hence that fof-1=IB and

4. Let f: A B, IA and IB are identity functions on A and B respectively. Then

gof: A C is one one.

g: B A, there exists a unique elements a

Such that g(b)=a

1. Using mathematical induction, Show that

Step- 2:let us assume that p ( k ) istrue for n=k .

adding bothsides (k +1)term

p ( k +1 ) is true for n=k +1 .

by the principle of mathematical induction , p (n)

is true for all n N.

2. Using mathematical induction, Show that

Step- 2:let us assume that p ( k ) istrue for n=k .

adding bothsides (k +1)term

p ( k +1 ) is true for n=k +1 .

by the principle of mathematical induction , p (n)

is true for all n N.

n ( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) (n+ 3)

Step- 2:let us assume that p ( k ) istrue for n=k .

n ( n+1 ) ( n+2 ) ( n+3)

adding bothsides (k +1)term

P(k+1)=1.2.3+2.3.4+.+ k ( k +1)( k +2)+(k + 1)(k + 2)( K +3)

(k +1)(k +2)( k+3)

p ( k +1 ) is true for n=k +1 .

is true for all n N.

p (1) is true for n=1.

Step- 2:let us assume that p ( k ) istrue for n=k .

adding bothsides (k +1)term

p ( k +1 ) is true for n=k +1 .

by the principle of mathematical induction , p (n)

a+ ( a+d ) + .+up n terms=

is true for all n N.

let p ( n )=a+ ( a+d ) + .+a+ ( n1 ) d=

n[2 a+( n1)d ]

Step- 2:let us assume that p ( k ) istrue for n=k .

adding both sides (k +1)term

p ( k +1 ) is true for n=k +1 .

by the principle of mathematical induction, p (n)

Step- 2:let us assume that p ( k ) istrue for n=k .

adding both sides (k +1)term

Is true for all n N.

p ( k +1 ) is true for n=k +1 .

by the principle of mathematical induction, p (n)

is true for all n N.

adding both sides (k +1)term

+(k +1) ( k +2 ) (2 k + 3 ) k ( k +1 ) ( k + 2 ) (k +1) ( k +2 ) ( 2 k +3 )

( k +1 )( k +2 ) {(k +2)(k +3)}

p ( k +1 ) is true for n=k +1 .

by the principle of mathematical induction , p (n)

is true for all n N.

Step- 2:let us assume that p ( k ) istrue for n=k .

adding both sides (k +1)term

(2 k 3 +9 k 2 +13 k + 6 k 2 +24 k + 24)

2 k +15 k +37 k +24

13 13 +23 13 +23 +33