Research Paper

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IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON AMERICAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY
How Does Immigration Impact American Culture and Society?

Stephanie Dang
Global Connections
Instructor: Gregory Falls
Global Studies and World Languages Academy
Tallwood High School
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Abstract
Immigration is a concept that has been present in some form for most of history. This is
especially true for America. Even though America is relatively young, being only about 250
years old, it is one of the most immigrant populated countries in the world. There are a multitude
of ways immigration affects the nation as a whole but the impact it has on American culture and
society is major. The unique qualities and values each immigrant brings to the U.S. adds to and
shapes American culture in an ethnic blend that is subjective in being defined. Five vital factors
in society are sectioned in the study as sub-topics. Identity, food, business, education, and the
economy all contribute something to the culture and society of America. American identity is
subjective and with the increasing population of interracial children, is defining or finding a
single image relevant anymore? It may not be because in the future, people may have too many
cultures mixed in their ancestry to be able to define themselves. Food can be decidedly one of the
most important aspects in human life. In categorizing American food there are three notable
types of dishes that help show a cultural impact: regional specialties, hybrid dishes, and ethnic
blends. These changes in what is demanded and what is available not only affect the food but
also the preferences in taste. These expanded food palettes have encouraged a growth in many
ethnic businesses, particularly restaurants and grocery stores. Education is affected due to the
heightened need for language and cultural awareness, not only with the students but with the
parents and plays a role in the future careers as a demand for bilingualism grows. The economy
is boosted and growing due to two important things immigrants bring to the table, more small
businesses and increased property value. All of these sub-topics sum up more than just how
immigration affects American culture and society, it also delves deeper into the basis of
Americans foundation and how we are as a nation.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents..3
Introduction...4
Limitations4
Methodology.6
Literature Review.........7
Discussion
Overview and history9
Identity..9
Food.10
Business...12
Education.....14
Economy..16
Conclusion...........17
References...........19
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How Does Immigration Impact American Culture and Society?
Introduction
America has long been called a melting pot but people have always questioned how
immigration has impacted American culture and society. In looking at what it means to be an
American, one argument is that immigration impacts assimilation in the everyday life of an
American by creating a pool of cultural exchange through food, businesses, education, and the
economy; classifying American culture as a salad, the dressing ties all of American society
together by comprising the unique cultures to a unique blend of flavors.
The definition of what it means to be American has to be re-examined due to the
significant intake of immigrants in this modern era. The cultural exchanges between immigrants
and natural born citizens of the U.S. have established a newly defined mix of social and cultural
norms and interactions.
The focus of this study is the sharing and blending of cultures that make up America. This
research is important in tracing the impact and effects of immigration, which are profound in
American culture due to it being the basis of American society as a whole. There has been some
research done on this topic but a good deal of it is through a demographic and economic
perspective. The perspective of this research is going to deal with 5 different aspects of what is
important to American society. It is going to examine significant influences on identity, food,
businesses, education, and the economy.
Limitations
The topic of immigration in America can be very broad and generalized. There is a
countless amount of information on the demographics alone and with this research including
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cultural impact as well, there is much to write about. However, with every research, there are
limitations.
Broad Spectrum of Cultures. America has a wide selection of cultures integrated into its
society. One cannot classify and identify specifically every culture that resides and impacts
America. It would be incredibly difficult to include all the different races and ethnicities and
their effects on America as a whole, into a research paper with so many time constraints and
limitations. Each may affect American culture differently but for this paper, the ones who impact
America the greatest and are most relevant, will be the main focus.
Personal biases. Children of immigrants would be more biased towards this topic. As
they are second generation immigrants, they are more likely to be biased towards the benefits of
immigration in America. This bias can potentially affect or even skew the direction of the
research paper causing it to be limited. However, no matter how careful any research is written, a
personal bias is always considered. The writer must work around any biases and focus on
discussing a fair argument in the paper.
Personal biases in education. Students who are geared more towards cultural and
language awareness and becoming a global citizen are more susceptible to biases on the topic of
immigration in America. Classes that promote the benefits of language, culture, and global
studies have the possibility of guiding the students toward a bias in the positive aspects of
immigration. Those who are educated in this way have a personal bias, causing them to have to
carefully work around their limitations in thought.
Time Constraints. A long term study would be ideal for this topic as it considers aspects
over time. American culture and society was not built in a day, it has been formed and added to
over a course of long periods of time. However, the research paper is limited to a time limit of
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about four months, making it close to impossible to do any real world long term research, study,
or observation that could further prove any arguments made in the discussion.
Methodology
With a topic as broad as the research question chosen for this paper, one has to utilize a
variety of ways to gather research through databases, interviews, original research, etc. This
argument can branch out in a multitude of ways, so the research must be limited and restrained to
only include relevant information and the main focuses of the direction the paper is moving
towards.
Quantitative data was gathered through credible websites and sources to gather numbers
on immigration and other demographics and data. These numbers supply the information and
statistics of the different components of the research, such as the rise in percentage of
American-ethnic restaurants and other data relative to immigration.
Qualitative data was gathered through scholarly articles and databases, whom have
gathered their information from a range of university research to other independent or private
institutional research. These sources often included other research papers discussing the topic of
immigration in America or embodied other aspects that related to immigration or American
society. Data was also contributed from news media such as CNN or the Chicago Tribune,
mostly through their website articles.
An interview was conducted to provide the paper with a detailed perspective. The
questions asked, were thorough enough to gather information, focused on the interviewees
opinion and knowledge that can be referenced upon in the research paper/project. The
interviewee was chosen based on their extensive knowledge on the subject and their experience
with the topic. This interview had specifically, tailored questions towards their field of expertise
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in education and included some general topics often associated with immigration in America or
the Education system. Their background helped in answering these questions, as the person
interviewed is an immigrant, who was a principal of a school in their home country, wrote
several books, and is currently a teacher in the U.S.
Literature Review
Identifying America. One subject that is distinguished in several sources is identity,
particularly racial identity and American identity. The open-ended discussion written by Paul
Wallis (2008) in his article American identity crisis? Whats an American identity? questions
the idea of America trying to find a single identity, by identifying as a multicultural society
that would form into one entity. However, just the world multi-culturalism does not accurately
represent what America is really composed of. America is not a monoculture society, they are a
compilation of diverse cultures and just by defining it, it narrows and limits what the nation
truly is. Teresa Puente (2001) talks about the struggle in finding ethnic labels for the future
children of America. With so much interracial coupling, children have become more and more
mixed and unable to identify with a single ethnic label. This is sort of disregarded in Clarence
Pages (2012) article Americas uneasy browning as it talks about no racial majority at all,
which would make all these labels and identifying useless.
Categorizing Food. http://www.foodtimeline.org/ (Olver, 2015) is a great source in
explaining about all the different varieties and history of foods in America. This website
categorized American cuisine into six categories: native foods, hybrid dishes, ethnic blends,
regional specialties, generic traditions and food fads, and manufactured goods. These categories
laid the way for the rest of the food section of the paper. Regional specialties, hybrid dishes, and
ethnic blends were the most notable categories for immigrations impact on American food and
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are referred to multiple times in this section. The articles written by Freeman (n.d.), Le (2015),
and Dickerman (2012) are sources that exemplified these categories in an evident way, providing
great examples to back the argument made in the discussion.
Education. The interview conducted by the researcher as original research focused the
questions on education. Maggie Mitchell (2015) was interviewed about immigrations impact on
education, student diversity, higher education, bilingualism, immigration laws and policies and
some general topics on this subject. She had quite an arsenal of information about the history and
the values stemming from the beginning of immigration in North America and was able to pull it
into todays society. She utilized her background as a previous principal of a school in China and
as a current English teacher and her personal experiences as an immigrant and in raising her two
adopted boys from Ukraine to further provide suitable examples. The articles Rising Demand
for Bilingual Workers among Employers (iseek, n.d.) and BB&T emerges as a vital link for
Hispanic consumers (PRNewswire, 2011) were good examples in the topic of bilingual
education becoming important in future businesses as they demonstrated facts and proof of its
significance.
Business and Economy. Open for Business: How Immigrants Are Driving Small
Business Creation in the United States (2012) was the primary source for the references in small
business section of the economy sub-topic. This source provided statistics and demographics
vital to the representation of the standing of immigrant business owners in the American
population. Saiz (n.d.) wrote a paper on the property value section of the economy sub-topic that
greatly coincided with Bronwyn Lances (2000) The Economic Impact of Immigrants. These
two sources discussed the study from the 1980s to the 1990s on the high correlation between rise
in immigration and rise in property value and its huge impact on Americas economy and society.
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Discussion
Immigration has greatly impacted the American culture in more ways than one can count.
These impacts are most profound in identity, food, businesses, education, and in the economy. A
part of the foundation of which America was built upon, was the idea of immigration resulting in
cultural exchanges and interactions.
The flow of immigration to North America was pioneered by the Spanish, French, and
English settlers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. There have been two significant
periods of immigration in America: the 1880-1924 age, largely compromising of immigrants
from Southern and Eastern Europe and the post-1965 age, mainly composed of immigrants from
Latin America and Asia. These two mass eras of immigration amplified the population by over
25 million immigrants (Hirshman, 2007). Though these long periods of immigration are of
importance, the constant flow of short bursts of immigration are significant as well. Some effects
of this consistent stream of immigration are migrations within the nation and the changes of city
populations and demographics. Not only that but each culture brings a different set of skills and
values to America that strengthen the country as a whole. Without immigration America would
really just be made up of Native Americans (Mitchell, 2015).
Identity. Throughout history, America has been seen as an appealing window of
opportunity and freedom. The number of immigrants who have found their way to America and
risen to the top have inspired many to dream the American Dream. So much so, that there are
speculations that America will have no dominating races in the future. Up until recent
generations, America has been predominantly Caucasian Europeans and partly African
American. The Chicago Tribune released an article by Clarence Page (2012) about Americas
uneasy browning, which focused on the Census Bureaus prediction, that the nation may no
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longer have a racial majority by 2042. This begs the question of national identity. Does your
African American next door neighbor have the same identity as the Asian family from down the
street? Paul Wallis (2008) judges the United States compulsion to find a single American
identity, which he thinks is not ideal due to the sheer amount of diversity throughout the nation.
This compilation of diversity builds up a mixed multi-cultural society, quite like a stew. The
problematic nature of a mixed multi-cultural identity though, is the cumulating generations of
interracial children. The future generations will continue to become more and more mixed and
diverse and they will not only be unable to claim a single American identity, they will also
struggle with ethnic labeling. Some children may have parents who are mixed as well, making
them possibly 1/8 of a race and more. Do they chose one and go with it? Quite possibly not.
They may have to create new ethnic labels such as Asian-European-American or the likes
(Puente, 2001).
Food. With immigration comes more than just the people. Immigrants bring with them
slivers and platters of their culture, including one of the most important necessities to the human
species: food. How does one classify American food? When someone thinks about American
food, what comes to mind? Hamburgers, hotdogs, spaghetti, french fries, pizza, etc. right?
However, dont hot dogs originate from Germany and pizza from Italy? That doesnt sound very
American does it? That American food we have today, came from a mix of different cultures
that have immigrated to the U.S. and assimilated into the American diet.
American cuisine started out from European and Native American influences and
gradually absorbed and transformed more diverse cultures till it created its own eclectic style.
Not only are ethnic dishes now easily accessible, they have also transformed and integrated
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themselves as a norm in the American diet most notably as regional specialties, hybrid dishes,
and ethnic blends (Olver, 2015).
African American slaves are said to have been some of the strongest influences on
American cuisine, especially in the south. Theyre roles included running the kitchen, where they
brought barbeque, various cooking techniques (such as smoking meat and boiling leafy greens),
new spicy sauces, etc. which was then incorporated heavily into the southern cuisine (Freeman,
n.d.).
In more recent years, the idea of a fusion Asian-American cuisine surfaced. This was
largely due to restaurants wanting to expand their appeal and consumer base and the peoples
need for something new. The idea of fusion dishes in general are not new to America, the
creation of pan-Asian dishes are. This fusion style combines a multitude of different countries
tastes with Asian dishes and different Asian dishes with other Asian dishes (Le, C.N., 2015).
Dishes like kimchi quesadillas and tacos filled with Korean-inspired barbecue, sushi pizza (US
Season 3, 2011), or even wasabi whipped mashed potatoes have been introduced and met with
some love and some hate (Dickerman, 2012). One could even say these fusion dishes are quite
like Americas rise in interracial children. Americas food and children alike, are gradually
changing to a mixed-culture variety. Just like the struggle in finding ethnic labels, finding names
for these fusion dishes will also be challenging. The Fusion dishes will have to be named
uniquely to showcase their heterogenic individualities.
The Chinese take-out we have in America may be popular but is not truly authentic. If
someone were go to China and try to order some chop suey, they are in for some culture shock.
These cultural dishes we have in America are somewhat unique to America (generally). The
Chinese food may have originated from China and brought over here by immigration, but it has
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been transformed to be Americanized. It is based off of and influenced by the culture that
immigrants bring.
So far the ethnic blends, regional specialties, and hybrid dishes covered have all been
impacted in some way or another by immigration. The African Americans influence in southern
cuisine as a regional specialty, the fusion style as hybrid dishes and, Americanized Chinese
food as ethnic blends. So what if immigration affects food culture in America, why does it
matter?
Business. Timi Gustafson (2013) advocates that immigration has changed American food
preferences. This change in preferences affects more than just what we eat, but also markets and
businesses. Years ago, if someone wanted some Hispanic or Vietnamese food, they had to search
high and low for it. There werent many ethnic restaurants around for them to choose from.
Now and days there are culturally different restaurants right down the street. Where you live can
affect how that plays out though, if you live in the country side or a county, it is likely you would
not find many. Where some people live, every corner they turn, there is an ethnic restaurant or
grocery store. With all these culturally diverse restaurants popping up exponentially, ethnic
grocery stores are also on the rise and extra shelf-space in mainstream grocery stores are being
reserved for these exotic foods.
Ethnic Restaurants have popped up in large numbers in the last couple of decades to cater
not only to their same ethnic patrons, but also to people who like to eat exotically and/or want
to expand their food palettes culturally. In Virginia Beach, there are plenty of examples of Ethnic
restaurants prominence in the food business. They have Pho 79, Bangkok Garden, Peking Duck,
Kyushu, Caramelo Restaurant and Bakery, The Highlander, Cinco de Mayo, and much more.
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There are a plethora of choices in just Virginia Beach which not only broaden our minds and
tastes but also our markets.
Ethnic grocery stores all encompass changes in the market and in businesses which have
all been affected by the intake and assimilation of immigrants. It is estimated that in 2012-2017,
ethnic grocery sales will grow by about 20 percent. Some vital causes of this are the increases in
demand of products that remind immigrants of home and the increasing interest in the general
public (Rodbard, 2013). The same ethnic patrons they usually receive are being added to by an
expanding consumer base. Demands for many condiments, spices, seasonings, fruits and
vegetables, breads, etc. not from America have risen due to its popularity in modern day ethnic
cooking and eating. This attracts a more broadened consumer base, particularly with the younger
generation. This generation will experience busier lives where snacks and processed foods
become a necessary commodity. The mass variety of snacks other countries have, appeals greatly
to them. So, the grocery stores must expand their intake of manufactured goods and imports to
keep up with the demand.
These grocery stores not only provide a way for people to get ethnic food items, some
also facilitate more cross-cultural exchanges and interactions. One such grocery store is the
Grand Mart International Foods store which is Asian and Hispanic based. This grocery store is an
anomaly that has people react in double-takes when they hear about it. How can two totally
different cultures dominate the same grocery store? This is a noteworthy impact of immigration
on American culture. The ability to have two entirely dissimilar things together and able to work
is amazing, but what is even more shocking is its consumer base. This store has managed to
attract a unique assembly of cultures that one would not think would come together in an Asian
or Hispanic grocery store.
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Restaurants and Grocery stores are not the only examples of immigrations impact on
businesses. There is an abundance of stores and businesses that are owned by immigrants or are
ethnic or embody ethnic elements, including many nail salons, massage parlors, drycleaners,
convenience stores, tailors, laundry mats, beauty stores, health/fitness businesses, etc. KN Nails,
Kim's Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine, Asian Touch Spa, Great Mart Convenience, Leila's
Mediterranean Deli, etc. are some examples of this in local Virginia Beach.
Education. The impact of immigration on food and businesses have been significant but
its effects on education may be even more essential, especially in Americas future. Growth in
immigration means growth in language diversity as well as culture. A lot of immigrants who
come here have children, if they did not already before their arrival. When they enroll their
children in school, they often have language and cultural barriers with the school and the
schoolboard. In an interview with Maggie Mitchell (2015), she states that as a teacher she sees
the effort in communication, schools and the school board make. Due to the staggering
population of immigrant children or children of immigrants, the priority of better communication
escalated so that they can better understand the important information involved with their
childrens education. Forms and schools signs have been translated in different languages,
particularly Spanish, in order to aid immigrant parents. A local school, Christopher Farms
Elementary school, is a school that provides signs in Spanish. The first thing parents see when
they walk in is welcome and bienvenida (which means welcome in Spanish) sign. As Hispanic
parents walk around the school, they understand where they are and where they need to go.
Better communication is great and not just for the parents but for the students as well. In
the past couple of decades, the education curriculum has changed to include language
requirements. Many states require by law that each student take a foreign language for a certain
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amount of credits depending on each individual state policy. Not only that but some schools
provide a variety of languages, that they did not previously have including Arabic, Russian,
French, Spanish, German, Chinese, Japanese, Latin, and more. This is due to the need for more
language aware students to better prepare for the future. Students are even pushed to take an
exam to determine whether or not they qualify for a biliteracy seal. If they do qualify, the seal
notifies other schools and companies that the students are bilingual.
The future of America seems to lie in ones ability to adapt and to excel in a more diverse
world. These lessons in languages are instilled in children to help them in their future careers.
Various businesses value multi-lingual potential employees because with immigration comes
language barriers and lost business. However, with multi-lingual employees better
communication and less misunderstandings are facilitated. Particularly in the healthcare
business, translators, interpreters, and medical interpreters are in demand as the number of nonEnglish speaking immigrants increase (iseek, n.d.). Being bilingual or multi-lingual will give
advantages towards future careers, which is why many educators are pushing more towards
language learning. An example of a career that values this ability is banking. At BB&T, there are
bilingual representatives, who are able to speak English and Spanish fluently. These Spanishspeaking representatives are given priority for hiring because the companies want to save money
by hiring one person who can do both the job and the interpreting. This option gives BB&T a
larger customer base and an advantage over other banking companies (PRNewswire, 2011).
Economy. Early first generation immigrants are disadvantaged because they did not have
the same opportunities and education that are available today. When they come to America, they
are led by the trail of light the American Dream produces. However that American Dream
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can often be shattered or cracked when immigrants come and are at a disadvantage. They lack
the education and availability in English learning classes, giving them limited choices. In
general, immigrants can either take up small entry-level jobs, labor intensive jobs, jobs that
others dont want, or they can own their own businesses. In 2011, despite only accounting for
just 12.9% of the United States population, 28% of all new U.S. businesses were started by
immigrants. The last decade and a half has been noteworthy in numbers, reflecting immigrants
significance in impacting the U.S. economy/business realm. In that time period, they have
managed to increase the rate at which they start business by over 50%, and are now more than
twice as likely to start a business as a native-born, whose rate has fallen by 10% (Open for
business, 2012). This demographic immigrants bring, help boosts the economy by helping it
grow and by keeping it healthy; it also sets the tone for other networks to be created which will
gradually increase the growth in immigrant ownership (Koba, 2012).
The newer generation of first generation immigrants are better advantaged in American
society today, with a wider range of opportunities, including more access towards better
education. Generally, it is easier to find language help classes or English as a second language
classes today than it was back then. This breaks language barriers that would have otherwise
barred immigrants from more opportunities in bettering their lives. These immigrants are able to
get a faster start on their American Dream. They start on a path quite similar to that of the ones
native born citizens follow. When they get here, they are able to pursue higher education and
learn English, which enables them to get jobs in fields that provide more steady income. The
steady income provides a way for them to purchase better housing (houses) earlier than they
would originally been able to.
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This in turns increases property values. It is arguable that it may be one of the biggest
benefits immigration has brought. A study was done from 1980 to 1998 that found correlation
between immigration and the rise in property values. According to Albert Saiz (n.d.), The crosssectional correlation between local housing price levels and the American Chamber of
Commerce Price Index is a very high 0.8. .8 is extremely high when dealing with correlation
numbers, as the absolute highest correlation there is, is 1. Housing areas with high concentrations
of immigration saw property value growth of about 13.8%. This number in particular is limited
to Washington D.C. but the growth in general is happening nationwide in many suburban and
metropolitan areas (Lance, 2000).
The influence of immigration on the economy is not solely based on by only one or two
factors. There are many contributing elements such as the creation of new jobs and job
opportunities and the fiscal debt debate that can fit in as well (Bowles, n.d.). However, in this
paper, small businesses and increased property values are discussed as large impacts of
immigration in American society. They both benefit the growth of the United States economy
and overall the impact is not only profound, it also affects current trends and will further
influence future growth.
Conclusion
Immigration has majorly impacted American culture and society by shaping and
developing the nation as a whole. It was and still is integrating itself into the basis of American
society and continues to grow as time passes. Looking though identity, food, business, education,
and the economy, each section has its own assembly of aspects that are affected by immigration.
These five sections are the five pillars of what American society and in context, culture is built
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upon. How we look at ourselves, how we eat, how we do business, how we learn, and how we
exchange and deal with money, all affect something major in our lives every day, no matter who
we are.
Each person perceives an idea differently; however, regardless of what side a person
takes, what can obviously be seen must be acknowledged. Some people believe that immigration
has no influence in America at all. That is their own opinion but everyone residing in the United
States who arent direct descendants of or are Nave American are immigrants. The definition of
immigration is the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country (Oxford
Dictionaries, n.d.). Immigration has been and continues to be a significant foundation of
America. Its impact on the culture and society is so great that it cannot be compressed into one
single idea or sentence. One can try defining and labeling these impacts but they would struggle
due to the fact of how broad this topic actually is. America has revolutionized and has become an
embodiment of a mix of cultures and values that make up a collective society of diverse people.
Through time, interactions have mixed and blended these ethnicities and cultures until it has
become what we identify as American society today.
References
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IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON AMERICAN CULTURE AND SOCIETY

How Does Immigration Impact American Culture and Society?

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