Aqueous Solutions

Picture Vocabulary

Chemistry

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which the solvent is water.

Solvent

The dissolving medium in a solution.

Solute

Dissolved particles in a solution.

Solution

A liquid mixture with a uniform composition.

Solubility

The amount of a substance that dissolves in a given

quantity of solvent at specified conditions of temperature
and pressure to produce a saturated solution.

Soluble

A substance that can be dissolved

within a specific medium.

Insoluble

A substance that cannot be dissolved

within a specific medium.

Polar

Describes a molecule in which one or more atoms

is slightly negative and one or more is slightly
positive.

Polarity

Describes how equally bonding electrons

are shared between atoms.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction or repulsion

which act between neighboring particles.

Hydrogen Bond

A bond formed when a hydrogen atom is covalently

bonded to a very electronegative atom and is also weakly
bonded to an unshared electron pair of another
electronegative atom in the same molecule or one
nearby.

Boiling Point

The temperature in which the vapor pressure

of the liquid is equal to the pressure
above the surface of the liquid.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid substance will

begin to change state from a solid to a liquid.

Capillary (Action)

The movement of a liquid substance along a solid

surface or up a tube due to the molecular forces acting
between the liquid molecules and the molecules of the
solid.

Molarity
Picture Vocabulary

Chemistry

Concentration

A measurement of the amount of solute that is

dissolved in a given quantity of solvent.

Molarity

The concentration of solute in a solution

expressed as the number of moles of solute
dissolved in 1 liter of solution
and by the equation mol/L.

Dilution

A solution in which more solvent particles

are added, creating a small quantity of solute
per unit of solvent ratio.

Factors that Affect Solubility

Picture Vocabulary

Chemistry

Electrolyte

A compound that conducts an electric current

in aqueous solution or in the molten state.

Nonelectrolyte

A compound that does not conduct an electric

current in aqueous solution or in the molten state.

Saturated

Unsaturate
d Solution
more solute
dissolves

Saturated
Solution
no more
solute
dissolves

SuperSaturated
Solution
added crystals
grow

A solution containing the maximum amount of solute for

a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature and
pressure.

Unsaturated

Unsaturated
Solution
more solute
dissolves

Saturated
Solution no
more solute
dissolves

Super-Saturated
Solution
added crystals
grow

A solution that contains less solute than a saturated

solution at a given temperature and pressure.

Supersaturated

Unsaturated
Solution
more solute
dissolves

Saturated
Solution no
more solute
dissolves

Super-Saturated
Solution
added crystals
grow

A solution that contains more solute than it can

theoretically hold at a given temperature.

Agitation

To stir or mix a solution as to increase the particle

movement of the solute particles in solution.

Surface Area

The exposed area of a solid; expressed

as squared units of length.

Crystallization

The process by which crystals

form slowly from a solution.