Group Project for

Math 1010-005
Spring Semester 2016

will work in groups of 2to 3 students. One person is not a group

submitted by one individual will not be graded.
Students

and any project

Your group will submit one project. Be sure that all of your names are on it, and be sure that each
member of the group approves of the final draft. Your work will be neat and legible. All mathematical
calculations wilt be shown in a neat and logical progression. Each Soup member will need an
electronic copy of the project for their e-Portfolio, but for gfading purposes the project must be
submitted on paper.

DUE DATE: 18 February 2016

How to successfully work in a group:

o
e
o
o
o

Be sure that every group mernber has the names and contact information of other group
members.
Respect your group by staying in contact and by actively contributing to the project.
Each person needs to do the project alone first.
After each person has completed the project alone, the group should compare answers
and work together to correct any erors.
Before tuming in the assignment, every goup member should carefully review the
entire assignment to be sure it is neat, legible, complete, and correct.
Make absolutely certain that your paper is tumed in by the due date.

Reflection Paper and e-Portfolio

As you work through the project keep in mind that each individual student will need to
complete the reflection assignment and post it, along with a copy of the group project, in their
e-Portfolio. While the project is to be done in groups, your reflective lwiting will be your own
thoughts and words. The reflection assignment and e-Porffolio instructions are posted in
MyMathLab.

---

Optimizing Profit
Background Information:
Linear Programming is a technique used for optimization of a real-world situation. Examples of
optimization include maximizing the number of items that can be manufactured or minimizing
the cost of production. The equation that represents the quantity to be optimized is called the
obiective fimction. since the objective of the process is to optimizethe value. In this project the
objective is to maximize the profit of a small business.
The objective is subject to limitations or constaints that are represented by inequalities.
Limitations on the number of items that can be produced, the number of hours that workers
are available, and the amount of land a farmer has for crops are examples of constraints that
can be represented using inequalities. Manufacturing an infinite number of items is not a
realistic goal. In this project some of the constraints will be based on budget.
Graphing the system of inequalities given by the constraints provides a visual representation
of the possible solutions to the problem. If the graph is a closed regioq it can be shown that
the values that optimizethe objective function will occtr at one of the "corlers" of the region.

The Problem:
In this project your group will solve the following situation:

A small

business produces collars and leashes for dogs. The monthly costs and budget have

been calculated. The cost of materials for each collar is $3.00 and the cost of materials for
each leash is $4.00. The cost of labor will amount to $13.00 for each collar and $6.00 for
each leash. The business does not wish to spend more than $240 on materials and $496 on
labor each month. ln addition, they want to produce at least 50 items per month but no more

than 100 items per month. The profit from each collar will be $9.50, and the profit from each
leash will be $10.25. How many of each item should be made to obtain the maximum profit?

Modeling the Problem:

Let x be the number of dog collars that are made amrdy be the number of leashes that are made.

1.

Write down a linear inequality that models how the materials costs
budget.
.')tr

)X + 4''\,

will

be kept

within

a-.'-.r'tt

2.

Write down
budget.

linear inequality that models how the labor costs will be kept within

t3xo61\) L {q6

3.

Recall that the business wants to produce at least 50 items each month. Write down a
linear inequality to model this constraint.

X +-\.'
4.

t ti "= \C' C

There are two more constraints that must be met. These relate to the fact that it is
impossible to manufacture a negative number of items. Write the two inequalities that
model these constraints:
C ,= ,i.

\'6.

r--,t_-

The business wants to produce no more than 100 items each month. Write down a
linear inequality to model this consffaint.

'X-

5.

*Y

Next, write down the function for the profit that will be earned by selling the dog
collars and leashes. This is the Objective Function for the problem.

P-

1,br + \o 163

You now have six linear inequalities and an objective function. These together describe the
situation. This combined set of inequalities and objective function make up what is known
mathematically as a linear programming problem. Write all of the inequalities and the
objective function together below. This is typically written as a list of constraints, with the
obj ective function last.

.)
5x+Hq
J Llrlo

\3x

* 6l

at4ctb

oax
x+ Y /- loo

7.

To solve this problem, you will need to graph the intersection of all six
inequalities on one coflrmon x,y-plane.Do this on the grid below. Have the bottom
left be the origin, with the horizontal axis representing x and the vertical axis
representing y.Labelthe axes with appropriate numbers and verbal descriptions, and
label your lines as you graph them. You may use your own graph paper or graphing
software if you prefer.

\U

-.R

"s
'lg
\4
U

\
v$
\

0vtXrn

o DrA Colbrs

', pToducd

8.

l3x*
1-ro)+X

The shaded region in the above graph is called the feasible region.hy (r, y) point in the
region corresponds to a possible number of collars and leashes that will meet all the
requirements of the problem. However, the values that will maximize the profit will occur
at one of the vertices or corners ofthe region. Your region should have four corners. Find
the coordinates of these corners b), solving the appropriate system of linear equations. Be
sure to show your work and label the (a y) coordinates of the corners in your gaph.

6.1

--

\qb

t 3 = 50

l3x+$:aQb

*6x-nt= 3<:
o - tqto
7x

+w
X'28

+t

-)s

\J

-- bo

^A
-)a

\= ilU

xtb=

5o

c+t--

bo

$=tu
ba)

5(tc)

lYx

=9-7

+F'+

Qa, tz1

X:

IQT

3r+t{tr -- 2uo
3(") *qt: f,t{o
o **f, -- ?-qo
*(q "-4
>da

L-[

f,=

6u

(c,60)

+t-tX =lqc>

v = /4o
-{8

L.{B +L+,

-r-tg

: qqL

9',r +121

K= c>

X=o

(o,

28

3x * qX = lqo
(2) t3x + $ 'AQb
4x -\29 : -7 2o

Gr)

\r=t9
qL(
1:

(16 ,

aB

u)

P = .i.bx

9.

-o

to.tga

To find which number of collars and leashes will maximizs the profit, evaluate the
objective function P for each of the vertices you found. Show your work.

(2a,*1 {.S(te)+10.;rb(:l) (ir-,*a1 {5(ite}-tlr:,tqr(.iB)

151 + qQr
lLb+ flXS,*
:6!'H
:qqi ,g
(o, co) Q.t(a) "t- to,J,F (Gu)
c+ 6tE

(ea,,;

{,5(a)'t !0,3r*(6*)
6 + 5ty."5
5rg,5

"'btb

10. Write a sentence describinghow many of each item shouldbe manufactured to produce
the highest profit. lnclude the amount of the profit that will be earned.

Th" Bu*,nn* rortl fierA fu ,l4onu fo40t" lb Do8 Cortqrs

0yrd LtB ft5 J-eash.s h groctoce -Lhe l-ltShesl p*flt
(l-rhrch h,Grtd

be 5 6L{r{.0o ,

GROUP PROJECT DUE: 18 FEBRUARY 2016

Each individual student

will also need

a scanned copy of the project to put in their e-Portfolio.

Instructions for the reflective writing and e-Porfolio assignment are available in MyMathlab.

Reflection
The goal of the project was to help a small business produce the maximum
number of collars and leashes for dogs without going over $240 on material and
$496 on labor each month. The cost of materials for one collar is $3 and $13 in
labor. In total it cost $16 per collar to be made. The leash costs $4 each and $6 in
labor. Total cost $10 per leash. The least amount of each collars and leashes the
business would like to make is 50 per month but dont want to make over 100
collars and leashes per month. Finding the best mix of both collars and leashes to
make the most profit without going over 100 max and the 50 minimum. In my
group we found the best mix was 16 collars and 48 leashes for a profit of $644 per
month.
In everyday life there are optimizing problems. How much will it cost to
make the product and can you make a profit? An example of optimizing would be
a farmer farming apples. The farmer would need to consider how many apples he
can grow, how much land he needs, how much it would cost to pick them, and
would the profit be greater than the expense of growing the apples? The famer
would need to find his feasible region and then find the right amount of apples to
grow and still make a profit. Another example would be a restaurant owner.
Questions the owner should ask to optimize his business. How many employees
can he hire, how much will it cost to make the food, how much should he sell it
for, how much it will cost in utilitys to stay open? All thought factors need to be
less than the amount of profit to stay open. Finding the right mix will change from
day to day operations finding the best optimizing mix will be hard.
From this project I can see how business and other company can optimize
their business. Bigger business can take greater risks while smaller business need
to consider the pros and cons and best optimize their goals. After the project I see
how everything in life is connected. Everything requires a form of math. From
going to the store through constructing a building. Everything requires math.
Different forms of optimizing could be use in everyday life to get the most out of
the day. Everyone use a form optimizing, different departments inside a business
use optimizing to maximize productivity. In my life I try to optimize the amount
my time so I get the most out of it. In my job math is required for day to day
operations. Math is very important in the world, it make the world ground.