.

   
C (xC , yC , z C ) B(x B , y B , z B ) A(x A , y A , z A ) : 

(O; i, j, k )  

 
v (x , y , z ) u (x, y, z )

r
r
r
OA = x A i + y A j + z A k : !" O; i, j , k  A( x A , y A , z A ) :  

u = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 :  $%& AB( x B x A , y B y A , z B z A ) : ! #

(1
(2

. AB = AB = (x B x A )2 + ( y B y A )2 + (z B z A )2 : ( +, +- ./ & ( )

(3

. C

x A + xB y A + yB z A + z B
,
,
!" [ AB ]#$" C : ( 12,  
2
2
2
x = x, y = y , z = z !" u = v : %/,  6

(x x, y y, z z )  . u v ( #  ) 8 ! #
(kx, ky, ky )   ( '  k &'( k u 6 ! #

(4
(5
(6
(7

r
v = ku : &'( k 0'1  ' (  2=! <  # - v u
'* 
, 
x y z
= = = k ( z = kz y = ky x = kx ) '56 5780 v u : $$>=
x
y z

u . v = u . v . cos

: E v u
'* ='
,$@ ABC 7D ;

. u . v = xx + yy + zz
. xx + yy + zz = 0 u . v = 0  v u

: $$>=

.(,H ' H )% I( K ,( ,H  ' H) @? , 

.(,H ' H )% I( K ,( ,H  ' H) CD  6

(x )2 + ( y )2 + (z )2 = R 2 : C R #( 12 ( , , ) F# C, #H I  

. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + ax + by + cz + d = 0
: KL* 
A M K$@ 'H7=
AM .BM = 0 : &'( M ( x, y, z ) "  
A,  [ AB ] #( C, #H I  
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + ax + by + cz + d = 0 : L M (x, y, z ) K  8
a2 + b2 + c2
: L=
d &'( L :  H@= , 
4
. A'6 A,  " A, E L0 : 
a b c
. , , : A5 " "   A, E L = 0 : 
2 2 2
a b c
. L 05D #$ , , C0  0L O5P  "  A, E L 0 : 
2 2 2
(x )2 + ( y )2 + (z )2 = L KL* M A A=

MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

01

   

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 4 x + 6 y 2 z 11 = 0 : KL* 
-  0L O5P 05D #$ C0 B : 1M
L=

( 4)2 + (6)2 + ( 2)2 ( 11) = 25 f 0 : L /

4
( 4 ) (6 ) ( 2 )
R = L = 25 = 5 : 05D #$ (2,3,1) :
,
,
:, 0L C0 I"
2
2
2

B(0,2,1) A(1,1,3) : L [ AB ] #( C, #H I

: 2M

x 1 x

y + 1 y 2 = 0 AM .BM = 0 &'@= M ( x, y, z ) 
"  
A'-" 0'1 A, 
z 3 z 1

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 x y 4 z + 1 = 0  'H7 0*" = x( x 1) + ( y + 1)( y 2) + ( z 3)( z 1) = 0 I"

a, b, c, d / ax + by + cz + d = 0 : KL* 
A'8LB A I  ,H K

I R n(a, b, c ) *: E

ax + by + cz + d = 0 :I ,H (P ) 

: n CD ? A ?   P$ Q  ,/   /1

. AM .n = 0 &'( M (x, y, z ) "  
A, , n R" I A K*B S ,H
1

A(2,4,1) A5 " K*B S 2 R" I S ,H : M
1

x 2 1

y 4 2 = 0 AM . = 0 : &'@= M ( x, y, z )  " 
A'-" 0'1 A, ,
z + 1 1

x 2 y z + 5 = 0 x 2 2 y + 8 z 1 = 0 : 1 ( x 2) + ( 2)( y 4) + ( 1)( z + 1) = 0 : I"

. x 2 y z + 5 = 0 :  ,/   I"

: , C. P/ ?  K S P$ Q  ,/   /2
: VB C B A I"   ; S ,H A BU
(A P M ;H' C B A ,H KL*8 C B A  7( 1
( A]! "  S'

L*
' ) AC AB :  5\ 78  [7E= Y
AB.n = 0

AC.n = 0

: A K@= n R @& 

7(  2

: C (2,0,4) B( 1,1,0) A(1,2,3) : " K*B S ,H A B : M

1
2 1
2
1 1

AC 2 AC 0 2 AB 1 AB1 2 : "B :,/ UH6= A, B, C ! -1

1
4 3
3
0 3

2 1 3
: (^
. '56
'5780 0'1 AC AB : I"

1 2
1

MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

02

   

. AB = 0
a
:I" ,H S- R r b : 0 : ,/ Q CD  8% - 2

. AC = 0
c

2a b 3c = 0
2a b = 3c
: c  ' @';  7]= , 
:

a 2b = c
a 2b + c = 0
2a b = 3c
c
b=
5b = c :  a=
:  2  A'] A 0=
5
2a 4b = 2c
7c
2c
. a = : a = 2c c I" a + = c :  A'] A  b A'D bB,= , 
5
5
5
c
7c
b=
a = :
5
5
7

.r 1

I" c = 5 b = 1 a = 7 :  5
L'  0'1  ' ( c= c bB,= , 

:&'@= M (x, y, z ) 
" A'-" 0'1 A, , A(1,2,3) A5 " K*B

7
r
S 1
5

IR S ,H

x 1 7

7 x + y 5 z + 6 = 0 7 ( x 1) + ( y 2) + ( 5)(z 3) = 0 : I" y 2 1 = 0 : AM . = 0
z 3 5

:< =!# #W v u ? ?@=  A ?   P$ Q  ,/   /3

: VB v u I I'2,8  A I" A5  ; S ,H A BU
u.n = 0

v.n = 0

: A K@= n R @& 

7'  56
'5780 0'1 v u  7
( d=H ] A B0e  )

: XS
.
'5'P' P A[= (,H ' H ('   )B( ,H  ' H)  5'P, K']= $ 
:,/ C UM, /4
:VB v u I I'2,8  A I" A5  ; S ,H A BU
. '56
'5780 0'1 v u  7( 1
: I I'2,8  v u A K*B S ,H( 2
. AM = u + v : L M (x, y, z ) 
"  
A'-" 0'1 A, ,
A(1,2,3)  U6% Q v(2,5,4) u (1,3,5) ?@=  Q  ,/$ C UM,  8% : M
1 3
5

: (^ . '56
'5780 0'1 v u  7-1
2
5
4
: &'( M (x, y, z ) 
"  
A'-" 0'1 A, , I I'2,8  v u A K*B S ,H - 2

. '56
'5780 0'1 v u : I"
x = + 2 + 1

y = 3 + 5 + 2 : I"
z = 5 4 + 3

MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

x 1 + 2

y 2 = 3 + 5
z 3 5 4

03

: AM = u + v

   

: C UM, Z = H%   + -

. -[= 0'6g" P ]
'5'P,= z y x
'=

' 0@ C0
2 x + 2 y z 11 = 0 A'8LB I S ,H '5'P]' 8 B

: M

z = 2 + 2 11 I' 2 + 2 z 11 = 0 E 2 x + 2 y z 11 = 0 = y = x = : ] a

x =
. y =
 2 x + 2 y z 11 = 0 A'8LB I S ,H 5'P, K']
z = 2 + 2 11

: ,/ =H%   $ C UM, + -

70 g' P, 70 ) I'2,8  5'P, K'] 
0\H : -

L 0e  2,8
&@7  ( 06j' P, A'D g' P, A'D  B = Y ) ,H S 
A'' A5  ' ] ( P,
'56
'5780 0'1 I I'2,8   A5  K*B S ,H A'8LB A

x = + 2 + 1

y = 3 + 5 + 2 : 5'P, I']8 S ,H A'8LB A B : M .

z = 5 4 + 3

2

. ,H S- I'2,8  ( ) v 5 ( ) 
4

1

u 3 : k"H K'] S 6

5

. '56
'5780 0'1 v u : I"

1 3
5

: (^
2
5
4

: ,H S 
A5 
 &@7
x = (0) + 2(1) + 1 = 3
,H S 
A5  A(3;7;1) I" y = 3(0) + 5(1) + 2 = 7 :
z = 5(0) 4(1) + 3 = 1

 = 1

= 0 a

. I I'2,8  v u : A(3;7;1) K*B S ,H A =@& 

j

d ( A, (P )) =

ax A + by A + cz A + d
a2 + b2 + c2

.A5  A(x A , y A , z A ) ax + by + cz + d = 0 : I ,H (P )

(P ) :
d ( A, (P )) =

7(2) + (4) 5( 1) + 6

(7 )2 + (1)2 + (5)2

7 x + y 5 z + 6 = 0
 A(2,4,1) : A5 "=

29
29 75
=
75
75

: M

: ,

: !" (P ) ,H M A  $ K/ B

( 5\ 78( ( ) [P )  R n k ) AB = k n (2 ( ,H  H )  B (P ) (1
MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

04

   

. 2 x + 2 y z 11 = 0 A( P ) ,H M A(1,0,0)  K/  E (3,2,1)  7 : 1M

. E (P ) I" 2(3) + 2(2) ( 1) 11 = 6 + 4 + 1 11 = 0 "B : E (P ) K-1
( P )  R" * a '56 780 AE K -2
2 2 1
= =
= 1 : (^ . (P )  R" * ,
2 2 1

2
1

"B

AE 2
1

3 1

AE 2 0
1+ 0

"B

. (P ) ,"H M A ,  H E ( P )  R" * a '56 780 AE I"

. ( p ) : 2 x 2 y + z + 12 = 0 : A ,H M B(1,1;2) ,  H H  ('B :2M
2

. (P )  R"* 2 a '56 780 BH H (P ) : I"( , , )  H ('0

. 2 2 + + 12 = 0...(1)
= 2k + 1
1 +1 2
. = 2k 1...(2) I"
=
=
= k / k R :!"
2

2
1
= k + 2

k = 2 I"

: !" H ( , , ) (P ) "B -1

2
1

2 a '56 780 BH + 1 -2
1
2

9k + 18 = 0 : 2(2k + 1) 2( 2k 1) + (k + 2) + 12 = 0 :  (1) 

. ( 3,3,0)  H ('I"

= 3

= 3
= 0

I"

= 2 ( 2 ) + 1

= 2 ( 2 ) 1
= ( 2 ) + 2

(2) bB,=

 (2)  2 =k A'D bB,=

: u ? ?@= A ?   P$ Q /

. t &'( AM = t u &'( M (x, y, z ) "  
A, , u I-'2,8 A K*B S ' H
A(1,1,2 ) A5 " K*B S

I-'2,8 S ' ) ( H 5'P, K'] : M

. AM = t : &'( 
M (x, y, z )  " 
A'-" 0'1 A, ,
x = t + 1
. ( ) : y = 2t 1 : , ' H S- 5'P, K'] I"
z = t 2

x 1 = t

y + 1 = 2t : I"
z + 2 = t

x 1 t

y + 1 = 2t : I"
z + 2 t

: B A ?  , P$ Q /
. t &'( AM = t AB &'( M (x, y, z ) "  
A, , B A 5 " K*B S ' H
B( 1,2,2) A(1,0,1) K*B S ( ) ' H 5'P, K'] : M

. AM = t AB : &'( 
M (x, y, z )  " 
A'-" 0'1 A, ,
x = 2t + 1
:I"
. ( ) : y = 2t
z = t + 1

MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

x 1 2

y = t 2
z 1 1

05

x 1 1 1

y 0 = t 2 0 I"
z 1 2 1

   

. z y x H(  'P, A= A'D 5 LB 5'P, I']8  ' H

 A5   ('BU
x = t + 1
= 2t 1
z = t 2

. ( ) : y

( )
 A5  A(2,3,1)

: 5'P, K'] ' H 

A A5  '6 : M

x = 1 + 1 = 2

y = 2 (1 ) 1 = 3
z = (1 ) 2 = 1

 A ('I" t = 1
L t A'D \

A'D H(  A5 "(' E= z y x bB,8 LB 5'P, I']8  ' H M" 8 A5  A 0
' H S- "8 [ -E ABH 0'1 'P,' D ; ' H "8 A5 " E ABH ;' P,
x = 2t 5

A (1 , 0 , 5 ) ( ) : y = t 3
z = 3t 4

. A ( )

( ABH 'P,' D )

t = 3

t = 3
t = 3

: I"

 7 B0 : M

1 = 2 t 5

0 = t 3
5 = 3t 4

: "B

: !" ( ) ' H M A  $ K/ B

(  ) ( ( )I'2,8 u ) AB.u = 0 (2 ( ' H  H )  B ( ) (1
x = 2t 3
( ) : y = t 3
z = 3t 2

' H M A( 1;0;5) A5 " ,  H B  ('B :M

. AB.u = 0 (2 B ( ) (1 : E ( ) ' H M A A5 " ,  H B : = B( , , ) : 0

+ 1 2
= 2t 3

2 + + 3 13 = 0 2 + 2 + + 3 15 = 0 1 = 0 !" AB.u = 0 = t 3 :!" B ( )

5 3
= 3t 2

= 2(2 ) 3 = 1

B(1,1,4) : ; = (2) 3 = 1 I' t = 2 14t 28 = 0 2(2t 3) + (t 3) + 3(3t 2) 13 = 0 I"

= 3(2) 2 = 4

-5 H A5 " ='

A H H(  ' H M A5 " ,  H B  A A B05
x = 2t 3
( ) : y = t 3 ' H A( 1;0;5)
'= A H B :M
z = 3t 2

d ( A; ( )) = AB : I" ' ) ( H M A A5 " ,  H  B(1,1,4) 2 d=H ]
2
1 + 1

2
2
2
d ( A; ( )) = AB = 2 2 I" AB = 2 + ( 1) + ( 1) = 8 = 2 2 AB 1 AB 1 0 : "B
1
4 5

MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

06

   

: ({  A, ), (B, ), (C , )} : A I@# G

 , 
GA + GB + GC = 0

+ + 0
BG =

BA +
BC
+ +
+ +

AB +
AC
+ +
+ +

CG =
CA +
CB
+ +
+ +

AG =

: I"

( ABH )  0 / {( A, ), (B, )} A O20 I [AB ] 12,  I

( ABH )  0 / {( A, ), (B, ), (C , )} O20 G ABC L$M U F# G
(
'5 " a
'5  O20 A P ) G ( AB ) {( A, ), (B, )} : A O20 G
. G ( ABC ) {( A, ), (B, ), (C , )} : A O20 G
. t [0;1] / {( A, t ), (B,1 t )} A ] K@ 20 A,
 7 [AB ] A5 
{(I , + ), (C , )} A O20 G E + 0 &'( {( A, ), (B, )} A O20 I 
a' A'o\= MH8
: K  8
+ + 0 / {( A, ), (B, ), (C , )} : A O20 G 
MA + MB + MC = ( + + )MG : E 
M A5  K K2 
IE
( M
 p\ AD d75 ) M
 K H MA + MB + MC : E + + = 0 : 

zG =

{( A, ), (B, ), (C , )} : A O20

G + + 0

z A + z B + z C
y + y B + yC
x + x B + xC
yG = A
xG = A
+ +
+ +
+ +

: \< ]

zG =

z A + z B + zC
3

z +z
y +y
x +x
. z I = A B y I = A B x I = A B [AB ] 12,  I
2
2
2
y A + y B + yC
x A + x B + xC
xG =
ABC L$M U F# G
yG =
3
3

:  AM = : &'( 
M  " A, /1
A A5 " : = 0 
A'6 A, : 0 : 
05D #$ A C0 S 0L O5P . 0 
. [AB ] A5   >,/ :  AM = BM : &'( 
M  " A, /2
R" I A A5 " K*B S ,/ :  AM .u = 0 : &'( 
M  " A, /3
. [AB] 05D  #H I :  AM .BM = 0 : &'( 
M  " A, /4

MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

07

   

: +%,/ +,/ ( = =1

.(  - H )  --'2,8 A = 7 LB ,/ = 7U
.(  - H )  - A'R" Ag = 7 LB %,/ = 7U
. --'2,8 Ag C^  ]=! 7 LB ,/  =7U
. - A'R" As C^  ]=! 7 LB %,/  =7U
. ' H I'2,8 ,H R" = * 7 LB `,/ ,/  =7U
' H I'2,8 ,H R" * C^  ]=! 7 LB `,/ ,/ = 7U
( p2 ) : 4 x 6 y 2 z + 10 = 0 ( p1 ) : 2 x 3 y + 5z 5 = 0 : &'(
B ( p2 ) ( p1 ) B,H K :M
.V'80 M ( p2 ) ( p1 ) A'R" Ag n2 ( 4;6;2) n1 (2;3;5) : "B
.
B ( p2 ) ( p1 ) I" n1 .n2 = (2 )( 4) + ( 3)( 6) + (5)( 2) = 0 : "B.

( ABC ) SM ,/$ C != ( P= )H%   + a, (  2

. AC AB  5\ 78  [7 [ VB
 "(' E= z y x bB,= Y I'; 5 S ,H 
 "  ]d @
: ?, P$ ,/ b= F# `$ C, # I   8%(  3
d ( A; (P )) ,( P ) ,H 8  A C0  0L O5P 05D #$
d ( A; (P )) 05D #$ A C0
: C ? $M= `$ `,/ >%  U6% ,/   8%(  4
5E= ) ' H 
5  S6c 5'P, I']8  ' H ,@B A5  K*B ,H A BU
. "  ]K*B S ,H A@& 
7  ( z y x H(  'P,
'\
''D
( ' H 
20\H 5 " A, A5 ")
: %, ,/ >% ,/   8%(  5
&@7  06j ' H 
A5   ' H
 5  S6c B,  'H ,@B ,H A BU
. "  ]K*B S ,H A

: &, ,/ >% ,/   8%(  6
A@& 
7 
'' H 
( A5  S6c e   'H ,@B ,H A BU
( '56 5780 0'1 -g )
'' H 
K I'2,8 A  I-'2,8 A A5 " K*B S ,H
: +- C UM= + XS (7
b
a
x = at + bk + c


.I-'2,8 A v b u a y = at + bk + c ; t ; k : 8j 5'P, K']
L'
b
a
z = at + bk + c

v u I-'2,8 A A(c; c; c) K*B S ,H: 5'P, K'] S- '56

'5780 0'1 v u : 

v u , I-'2,8 A(c; c; c) K*B S ' H: 5'P, K'] S- '56 5780 v u : 

MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

08

   

: K S + (S  % b( 8%(  8

: B  a7 AB C A'P"- ABC' D ] BU
BA.BC VH@  . BC BA
',5 k"H  BC BA :
'* 
K 70 H@= , 
BA.BC
AB C ABC' D k"H  cos AB C =
:  =
BA.BC

: >,/ (   9
:
' B05 ( a7 ] [AB] A5  ,@ ,H A BU
BM AM
',5  BM AM
  70 VH@  M ( x; y; z ) : 0 -
. AM 2 = BM 2 H' H78 ,[ AB] A5  ,@ ,H A O7$8
. AB  *70 [ AB] #$" I  ('B -
. M ( x; y; z ) &'( IM . AB = 0 'H78 ,[ AB] A5  ,@ ,H A O7$8
( ,/ + P/  ) ,/ b +  S  !

(10

.
',- u + v = w : A K( LB ,H 
 w v u Ag 7U
,H 
 w v u : E [ ]d @B ( 2
. ,H; 
 H' w v u Ag : E [ ]d @B ( K7 8 [ A ;
: ,/ b + D C B A K (  ! 11
. ,H S- A=0 A5 "  7  A' P;  H'   
,H A B : (1 %#
( A=g 
"  A,L A )  . ,H 
 AD AC AB Ag 7 : (2 %#
0- PPg 0 K*8  A5  ,e , 8 ]= ) [C.  / L$ , # ` 8
( &]
 7 I8D 0 ,! ,2, ) = . I8D M AB,
S ,H PPg 0 ='
A H BE= I=H( ' 0  ,- 0- 8  : XS
.  K*B

d (S ; ( ABC ))
B

,H
( ABC )

:XS
x = 0 : (YOZ )

x = 0

O, z y = 0 `(# O, j
z = t

( )

( )

y = 0 : ( XOZ )

z = 0 : ( XOY ) ,/  

x = 0
x = t

y = t h=#, O, i y = 0 U\ ,@ : C UM,

z = 0
z = 0

MEBARKI2016 / TEL : 0790918876

( )

09