Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Preface
ix
Distributed by
Scholars Press
PO Box 5207
Copyright 1978
The President and Fellows of Harvard College
(l
fi
A.
The Vowels
B.
The Consonants
2
3
C.
Stress
D.
E.
F.
G.
5
5
6
7
13
1.1
1.2
Prepositions
1.3
2.1
Noun Plurals
2.2
3.1
15
15
(Perfect)
15
18
18
21
3.2
Collectives
4.1
5.1
Gender
26
5.2
Number
27
5.3
6.1
6.2
6.3
7.1
7.2
21
23
27
(Independent Form)
29
30
33
33
7.3
7.4
8.1
8.2
Interrogative Adverbs
8.3
36
8.4
37
8.5
Accusative of Time
37
33
36
36
34
29
10.1
10.2
The
10 . 3
JteZZ-
11 . 1
Types of Verbs
11.2
12 . 1
The Perfect:
Roots II-Guttural
13.1
The Perfect:
Roots III-Guttural
13 . 2
14 . 1
15.1
The Perfect:
15.2
waldu la-negus
Construction
49
Roots II-W!Y
qatalo la-negus
16 . 2
Attributve Adjectives
68
17.1
Adjectives: The
Qetul
Pattern
17 . 3
Adv rblal
18 . I
AdJ
11302
Tllu C;OlllplIl'nllv
Ifl.1
Ad)
Predicates
eli v
s:
ltlv
I:
Vll'.
Pattern
'I'll
Pattern
In
AdJ
I).I\
Qualification
20.1
64
ctJvos:
72
73
Qatil
76
76
QattaZ
79
79
Miscellaneous Types
79
79
Substantivization
La-
63
73
1'h
ll).
20.2
56
68
17 . 2
H).S
56
Construction
Adjectives
53
63
16.1
l't
50
60
The
AdJ
44
45
15 . 3
11)."
44
80
83
20.3
Partitive Apposition
21 . 1
Medio-passive Verbs: Gt
88
22 . 1
Lt,
23 . 1
Cardinal Numbers
97
23.2
Ordinal Numbers
23 . 3
Cardinal Adverbs
24 . 1
Associative (Reciprocal)
25.1
25 . 2
'Ama
and
85
(1-10)
(1-10)
(1-10)
Qt
93
97
98
Verbs: G1t
xaba 108
26 . 1
CL, CQ
26.2
III
III
101
106
83
27 . 1
Causative Verbs:
CG
27.2
Causative Verbs:
CD,
(cont.)
CL,
117
CQ
118
27.3
28 . 1
Ba-
118
122
28 . 2
Ba-
28 . 3
Bo(tu)
Indicating Existence
28 . 4
Bo za-
28 . 5
'Albo .. . za'enbala:
29 . 1
Interrogatives with'
29 . 2
Indefinite Pronouns
Only
za-
122
123
123
123
128
128
29.3
'Akko
30.1
30.2
31 . 1
32.1
The Imperfect:
32 . 2
129
134
134
140
32 . 3
33 . 1
The Subjunctive:
14 4
144
145
33 . 2
34 . 1
The Imperative:
34.2
35 . 1
149
qatali
149
154
154
qetuZ
159
35.2
36 . 1
160
164
36 . 2
37.1
37.2
38.1
39 . 1
39 . 2
The Verb
40.1
behZa
166
meqtal
maqtaZ(t)
to say
170
170
Remaining Forms
41 . 1
43 . 1
44 . 1
Gt Verbs: Imperfect,
Glt Verbs: Imperfect,
44 . 3
HaZZawa
180
181
42 . 1
44.2
174
Subjunctive,
191
195
and Imperative
206
200
205
205
186
45 . 1
46 . 1
46 . 2
46 . 3
47 . 1
47 . 2
47 . 3
209
214
215
218
218
219
48 . 1
48 . 2
48. 3
CD Verbs
48. 4
220
2 22
222
hope too that beginning Ethiopicists will find it an orderly and com
223
49. 1
49 . 2
223
2 25
226
bet as soon as possible and to copy out and study at least the
50 . 1
50. 2
Quinquiliteral Verbs
50 . 3
N Verbs
50 . 4
228
229
229
51 . 1
Conditional Sentences
51 . 2
Optative Sentences
Qataltil
2 30
231
232
this grammar.
Za .. , 'efo
51 . 3
51 . 4
51 . 5
51 . 6
232
234
2 35
235
for the great care and professional skill which she exercised in pre
Her patience with a tedious manu
Maafa ijeywat.
236
236
tual, and lexical work in the last century laid the firmest possible
foundation for all subsequent scholarly investigation in the field.
2 76
298
377
Thomas O . Lambdin
378
Cambridge, Massachusetts
381
A Selected Bibliography
234
51.7
tions, and corrections, but most of all from the practical experience
232
51 . 8
Glossary
The mate
rial covered in this book should be adequate in itself for those who,
m-
47 . 4
Suffixes
PREFACE
214
450
June 1978
negative
accusative direct
neg.
object
o.
S.
object suffix
a. n.
O. T.
Old Testament
acc.
accusative
obj.
object
adj.
adjective
part.
particle
adv.
adverb
pass.
passive
c.
common gender
perf.
perfect
a. d. o.
period
Some inscriptional
of the language, but our
caus.
causative
pers.
person
colI.
collective
pI.
plural
comp!.
complement
pred.
predicate
coord.
coordinated
prep.
preposition
dat.
dative
pron.
pronoun
demo
demonstrative
q.
Europe.
dir.
direct
reI.
relative
e.g.
for example
subj.
subjunctive, subject
encl.
enclitic
s.
singular
esp.
especially
sing.
singular
ex(x).
example(s)
suff.
suffix(es)
exclam.
exclamation
v. n.
f.
feminine
voc.
vocative
fem.
feminine
w.
with
fig.
figuratively
foIl.
following, followed
Gk.
Greek
i. e.
that is.
imperf.
imperfect
indef.
indefinite
indir.
indirect
inf.
infinitive
interrog.
interrogative
introd.
introductory
lit.
literally
m.
masculine
masc.
ma.scul n
n.
nOLl11
N. 1'.
N w
'I'
Llunc nl
V.
guage of the church, the written language survived the demise of its
which see
'11/
t' /.Trl. ,
x
/,(1' arner J
te'mert
te'mert (p 1.
ta' amerat).
the modern South Arabic dialects such as Mehri, Soqotri, and Shahri,
when these can be extricated from their North Arabian admixtures.
'" Because the Ethiopic script is fully vocalized, the main fea- c..
tures of the grammar are clear from the texts themselves. rthog
with or without
-i"I! J
(p I.
Semitic family, but does not seem to be derivable directly from Old
inscriptions during this time.
scriptions, or meanings)
etc.
(usually Amharic).
'
e and
\..""
a [a,a]
Phonology
A.
a [re, 11]
be ignored.
o [0]
To
u [u]
e [e]
......-;
e [i]
High-Mid
Low
confusing.
Back
Mid- Low
Central
i [i]
Mid
the lessons; these result either from a choice among variant forms or
pronunciation.
Front
High
The Vowels
as in father, short
as in machine, long
as in let, short
as in boat, long
as in father, long
as in boot, long.
as in bait, long
For
tural features, an argument that not all scholars would accept, and
because the modern reading traditions do not recognize vowel length
nounced like the vowel of up, and a like the first vowel of father,
B.
rather than a universally accepted fact about the Ge'ez vowel system.
short:
a, e" /
r;
..
l)
I'
ILong:
"
ii, i, u,
e,
and
unmarked.
The vowels e
respectively.
aw
and
aw
alternate
Optional alternation
.... 1,..
The_Consonants
Brackets enclose
as in boy
as in king
like sh in should
as in dog
as in leaf
as in tea
as in foot
as in man
as in wall
as in goat
as in no
as in yet
as in hope
as in so
,1"
as in zoo
(h
does not preserve the doubling of the guttural consonants, but there
language.
(Arabi c
c:).
w w
ingly: _k k _ ) _kk _.
C.
Thus:
(b)
J:!
above (Arabic
t.).
are stressed on the last syllable unless this ends in final -a, in
which case the stress is on the preceding syllable .
Stress
zation: the flow of air is cut off completely at the glottis and the
All deviations from the two basic rules given above will be noted in
is glottalized t,
tend to lose their stress or, at most, retain only a secondary stress.
I!
cavity.
is glottalized k.
D.
occurs mainly in Greek names (e.g. Pepros Peter) and loanwords and is
pronounced in the modern tradition as a glottalized p.
sound is now pronounced as ordinary p, but is
50
The second p
i\ 11
0r
110' tl
I 1111 HI' I
t 110
COil!; 0111111 ls
t 1111'
d01l1>
,hllil
I i
I1f
/I
(IJllIllerpart.
[The reader
nouns, and adj ecti ves may be analyzed into a sequence of three conso
nants and a vowel pattern, with or without a prefixal or suffixal
element.
For example,
negus
king
Consonant Base
Vowel Pattern
ngs
negest
queen
ngs
berhcm
light
brh
manbar
throne
nbr
(CI-C2-C3)
CleC2uC3
Cl eC2eC3CleCi3-CIC2aC3
Additional Elements
none
suffix -t
suffix -an
prefix ma-
\,on15 which share that sequence and can usually be assigned a meaning
common
to Lile scI:;
!
jI
For this
Thus,
qetuZ
is spoken of as k with a
The forms of the letters in the first column (read with the
vowel -a) are the basic forms of the borrowed consonants.
These
qetZan
maqtaZ
Note that the signs for the labialized sounds are secondary modifica
and similarly for all the words in the language that can be associ
ated with a triliteral root.
adjectival in meaning (see Lessons 17 and 35), but the two frequent
nouns cited above (negus and berur) are exceptions to this rule.
Close attention to the formative patterns and the relationships among
them will give the reader a proper feeling for the derivational pro
cesses at work in the language.
E.
10 hundred; 10,000
See Table C.
Note
100 hundred.
:I
F.
The Ethiopic alphabet was borrowed directly from the Old South
Genuine
The result
The presenta
vices are sometimes used to mark off paragraphs and longer sections.
letters.
h. (ki)
ogy.
1.
'
(a)
Table A:
Ca
IJ
Il
tit
h
1
Cu
U
fr
the
no
oo-
lP
IP-
+
n
T
()4!
01:
l
fI
s
q
b
t
x
...
k
W
z
y
h
OJ
0
H
f
-,
ill
p
s
d
f
{.
"1-
....
OJ.
0It
ffi<'
A.
8-
4-
'L
I\.
the
CIt
PI.
t
II.
4!
Il
t
l
t
it.
he
C13.
'I
Ce
1,
1\
"1
Ib
db
''1
PI.
(.,
OIJ
iJ
:P
III
fL
4!
C,Ce
U
A
ill
9"
"..
C
II
if-
11
Ci
'"
(l,
1:
h.
If!
'P
if!
OJ
tl
II
".
11
0,.
-'t
ffl.
?..
:t
t.
:J
11
'}
y
p,
tL
fu
fo
;J
IlJ
1,
1I1
1t.
'L
4-
....
t..
.-re
T
1
1
/J
.f.."
If
fto
th
".,
.,.
,.,.
-)...
?t.
:}
'-
W.
t.J.
8
9v.
13
]0
12
14
1
..
15
C,Ce
Ce
!k
."..
1'W1--
.,.
\J.
,.
Numerical Signs
11
r-
1;
4 0
Iii
Ie
If
r.
..,
..,
Ii!
11:
20
30
40
50 j
60 ;;
70 (t
80 11"
90 j
100
200 @
..,IV....
10000 fl'
1000
] 00000
If
r
Table D.
f..
rrr"
..,..
Table C.
tJ
sP
P
c:
Ca
,..
Ci
bo
W
k
dj
lJ!
-fa
K"
iJ
ti
' q
W
fl
-)
(Il
Ca
1:-
fa
?
tp
Labialized Consonants
Table B.
Co
c
n
z
r;:
-Ii
if
:e
1-
7i
!f
if
it
:,;
1
1F
1(
11:
;tr
1f'
Q.l:
QJ..
lib].
6f,b
(.fib
Ci
if
if..
7i
1i
1j.
1i.
QJ.
C,Ce
Ce
Cu
1f
Amharic Modifications
C13.
Ca
T
1
"fff
....
.. ..
=IE
-'j.
:{
-Ii
11.
:(
1a
"'i
11
1.-
rr
1i
.,.
11
10
Typical Example
Pattern
Guttural Example
yeqtaZ
yegbar
yesma(
qatZ
gabr
bal;tr
maqtaZ
mantas
miixdar
qataZt
?aatt
sama(t
yetqattaZ
yetgabbar
yetbaZZa(
One important situation where this change does not take place (at
least graphically) is after word-initial
Janbara
JaqtaZ
JagmiiZ
JaJ ban
In the patterns
>
pabib
(not
J aJban).
This zero or
sam(a
*-eG(G)a-, e
2,
*teJexza
not
*be-Jegara.
yenabber
yalyawwer
qetal
nebar
laJak.
yesamme(
(d)
aka
+ acc .
-a
yesamme(aka
abage( a
guttural radica.l of
an
,1
-to
kebur
Zehiq
The long vowel
3.
t
+ t
qeddus
-7
i:
kebert
mighty
qeddest
holy
Zeheqt
old, eldest .
sanniiy
s aZas
samcm
sanniiyt
good, beautiful
sannayt
J
s aZast- (in saZastu)
eight.
The alternations
three
w or y.
If no in
written:
yesatti
he will drink
sheep
But with the addition of any element beginning with a vowel:
at work during
but
yeqatteZ
J abage
but, sama(ku
not
>
tions):
he was taken
he was heard.
The a which results from the rule given in paragraph (a) above is
td exza
he heard
yesma(
yeZehheq
*same(a)
(not
e:
Zehiq
yenabber
he caused to hear.
regularly replaced by
yeqatteZ
JaBme(a
JaqtaZa
qatiZ
(c)
he summoned
This
Bawwe(a
yetaZZewu
In the inflection
of the PerrecL Lhuro Is nn I' before the third root consonant when the
But the final syllables o f nouns and adjectives are normally written
-ew
I'.
a nd -cy:
max2itt'IJ
l.IIIIPS
laycdey nights
(eZew perverse
Zal;tey beautiful.
13
12
larly becomes
in
>
-ut, as in *<elewt
*beluyt
*beleyt
-an and
radical i s
replaced by
*<aragkemu
as in
usually contract to
-0
and -e respectively, as in
-aw
and
at
l arly b ecomes
-ay
as
in
-at is
Sometimes i t remains, as in
eyaw (liv
*fedaw debt) .
7.
-y-
seup
-7
kebedt
>
d or t.
kebedd
.,
..... __
__
_ .:t....:,_
.......
(J
n!;s
The earli est was the confusion of Ij. and?, as the former
If)'
shall not s i l .
fOl lowing :
any forms.
Prefi xal
, i-yenabber
mann's
(b)
I shall sit
norma l i zation of
setett > se te tt
1.
kebud
G.
'afqara he loved
'aer I shall go
accordingly .
(a)
proflx
The gradual evolut i on of spoken Ge ' ez and its anci ent sister
daset, pI . dasayat.
6.
'enabber
you l eft
I fell
xadagga
>
wadaqqu
9.
-aw
>
*xadagka
>
*wadaqku
-ewwe-), e.g .
key) and
belit.
haps to b e read as
S.
>
4.
The
8.
>
yeanmaq he w i l l be baptized .
>
*yetpammaq
>
*yetsammay
-t to adjectives , -ewt re gu
and
The spelling
errors produced by thi s change are ub i quitous: any sy l lab l e beg] nn I nft
Ca- may
he
15
14
in our texts.
however:
e.g. are
Lesson 1
a D verbal noun?
'a-, the prefixing of the negative 'i- (F,9 above) often resulted in
1.1
Thus,
3.
'i-'afqara
>
'i-yafqara
spelled
'i-ya!qara
'i-'a'mero
>
'i-ya'mero
spelled
'i-ya'mero (ignorance).
5.
and
"
).
frequent in others.
but
since the
known.
genuinely ambiguous);
(unless,
of course,
a word is unknown or
westa hagar
diba dabr
on the mountain.
in,
Za-
, em-
from (ablative,
with (location,
agent,
mannor)
source),
baxayZ
with strength (xayZJ, Zanegus to the king, 'emhagar from the city.
For the sake of clarity we shall always transcribe these with hyphens:
,
ba-xay Z,Za-negus, em-hagar.
, emenna hagar
' em-hagar
Ba- and 'em- are freely combined with the other prepositions.
the king.
Prepositions.,
the city
ba
a king
or
4.
negus
1. 2
lished by Dillmann;
a city
hagar
Ba-, as in ba-diba and ba-westa, seldom alters the meaning of the sec
ond preposition.
errors.
masc.
Plural
nabara
he sat
nabaru
they
(Ill. )
nabarat
she sat
nabara
they
(r. )
-u,
-a)
suL
tlL
16
17
they) is i ncluded in the verb form itself and need not be expressed
ba-
separat ely .
past
unto;
Exercises
A.
The basic le xical form o f the E t hiopic verb is the 3rd pers .
masc . si ngular of the Perfect .
nabara to sit .
form; t hus:
Westa is used
Whether a preposition like westa means " to," "into , " or "in" depends
on t he verb with which it is employed:
hagar city.
bet house .
negus king.
dabr mountain.
V erbs:
''
.
. 1
f, -
'\.- )
.,
ora to go .
Prepo si tions :
into; b y , w i t h ( o f agent) .
(he went , wrote , etc . ) or present perfect (he has gon e , he has
, " i
in,
'"
wi I I I i
I..,
II.
jn,
11111,,;
','m-diha
B.
1.
westa hagar
6.
2.
diba dabr
7.
3.
'em-negus
8.
4.
'em-westa bet
ba-xaba negus
9.
ba-westa bet
diba negus
5.
10.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
9.
10.
18
19
Vocabulary 2
Nouns :
Lesson 2
Noun P lura l s .
2. 1
b.
Addition o f an ending :
P lurals formed by pat t ern repl acement are often referred to as "bro
ken" p l urals or " i nternal" p lural s ; those with suffixe s , as " external'
p l ural s .
p l ural from that of the s ingu l ar , i t i s neces s ary to l e arn both forms
These w i l l be g iven in the lesson vocabu l ar ies.
Some nouns have more than one p lural form , though they may not be of
equal frequency.
The patterns used for noun p lura l s are for the most p art d i s
t i n c t ive and s e l dom occur i n s i ngular noun s .
qetal
the p l ural o f
' egr
foot
amar
Verb s :
ma?' a to come
wad
. ' a to go/ come forth , emerge ,' Wl' th
'
em ',
, aqtal
' adbCir
dabr
mountain
, aqtu l
' ahgur
hagar
c ity
, aqtel
batr
rod , staff
Conj unction :
' aqteU
' agbert
gcibr
serv ant
qataU
nagast
negus
k ing
C aC aC eC 4 t
l 2 3
C aC aC eC
l 2 3 4
' aqatel
mala' ekt
mal'ak
messeng er , ange l
' anCiqel}
' anqal}
gate
bag '
sheep
2.2
Syntax.
immediate ly.
nouns denoting male human b eings are mas cul ine and those denoting
femal e human beings are feminin e .
wa- and (written as p art of the fo l lowing word , e. g . be' si wa-be' sit
a man and a woman) .
Exercises
A. l . xaba gabr
6.
2 . ba-xaba b e ' s it
3 . diba amar
8 . xaba nagast
1 0 . ba-xaba s ab '
ijora negus .
ijoru nagast .
3.
6 . 1 ;I ' <I
): :111 1'
xaba
negu s .
21
20
17 . Wadqa bet .
18.
3.1
mas agger
p l ural :
liq
ma saggeran
fishermen
Uqa.n
e l d ers , ch iefs .
nahiyat
prophet s
negest
nege stat
queens
gadam
gadamat
w i l derne s s e s .
p l ural :
' edaw
hands
' af
'e4-
'edC/1J!
trees
red
'edaw
mal e s
' ah
W
' ex
' ed
pl.
pl.
' afaw
' abC/1J!
' ax
C/1J!
mouths
fathers
brothers .
Be' si (man) and be' sit (woman) have t h e p lura l s sah' and ' anest re
The word sah ' , whi ch as a p lural m ay b e trans l at ed "men"
spect i v e l y .
Co l l e ctiv e s .
groups or speci es as we l l as a s in g l e i t em .
'e4-
a tree ( p l .
For examp l e ,
'of
a bird (p l . ' a
ezb
a peop l e or nat i on (p l .
daqiq
'
When there is a conf l i ct between form ( s ingu l ar) and meaning (plural),
the noun may b e construed e i ther way :
peop l e came .
23
22
V o c abu l ary 3
Les son 4
Nouns :
4.1
nouns i s ind i cated by add ing the ending -a to the first noun in t he
or in the construct s t at e .
o f gent i l es in the N . T .
Verbs :
1'0?a to run .
W
g ayya to f l e e .
gab' a t o return , come/go b ack .
ba?a to arriv e .
Noun
negusa hagar
walda negus
qa la nabiy
sema mal' ak
fe lsata BabiZon
Uqa kahenat
ma <lira gadam
fenota bal'
Prep o s i t i on :
w i l tl l' ,. -
ness
s e a (ba)
Exe r c i s e s
Most such comb inations may be trans l at ed , at l e a s t rough l y , by t h e
1 . Ro ? u ' agbert ' em-bet .
W
2 . G ayyu s ab ' westa ' adbar .
4 . B a ? u e zb mes l a nab i y .
W
5 . G ayya nabiy w e s t a gadam .
W
6 . G ayya ' anest ' emenna bet .
(b)
?aaje hezb
' <'Ill d i b a
-0
remain un
s ame way :
W il d '! : ,
-a, -e J
18.
1 7 . G ab ' u
z e yy a .
h a l il a r .
nagasta hagar
we luda negus
qalata nabiy
Con struct sequences of three or more nouns o ccur but are rare .
Tn
mo s L
; l I s L an c e s a
f n: q l l c l l l
compoun d ) ,
I i l e r: , 1 I y " I ll<'
24
25
the t op ( tadbab) of the Temp l e .
epi thet o f Eve , and ' eg ala ' emma-eyaw, lit . "the o ffspring o f Eve , "
denote s mankind.
Vocabul ary 4
Nouns :
' cdawa
' udbar
z cnanlat a samay
P repositions :
' enta via, by way o f .
tata under , below .
Adverb :
' i- the general negat ive , prefixed direct ly to the verb in a verbal
s entence .
Exercises
A . 1 . negus a hagar
2 . hagara negus
beta negus
9.
4 . fenota dabr
5 . gabra nabiy
13.
6.
7.
fenota gadam
8.
14.
negusa s amayat
6.
7.
ora nabiy ' em- z eyya wa- ' arga westa samay .
8.
9.
W
1 2 . G ayya ' anest a masaggeran .
13.
20 .
barad hail .
fenawe gadam
19.
Ceq. (pl .
3.
]7.
18.
26
27
g j ven tran s l at o r .
Lesson 5
5.1
G ender.
a s fo l l ows :
hagar f . m .
a;nar f . m .
[enat f . m .
barad m .
bet m . f .
gadam m .
' arwe m . f .
b etween a noun and a modi fying adj ective o r between a noun subj ect
dabr m .
ed m . f .
samay m . f .
zenam m . f .
w
q a? l m . f .
5. 2
Numb e r .
<
t ive .
zentu and s ometimes with zati , we are l ed t o observe that the gender
!lilV/,
ence s .
5. 3
m as c .
ze
t h at
m as c .
we' etu
fem.
za
fern .
ye' e i 'i
zentu
adj ect i V l I l
gonu o l' .
and zati be' sit for "this woman , " we may ident i fy zentu as the mas cu
The fo l l owing
zat
za-
al'O
W t' l t
(a)
I inc .
and
ba-ze bet in th i s
as
Ze-
expr e s s i v e
i nu l v i.uu:i l l z i l l g )
func t i on ( feminine
a l ld d epend s
diminut i v e , fami l
Nouns :
w
w
mak annen (p l . mak anent) j udge , administrator, h i gh o ffic i a l .
qal (p l . -at) m . f . v o i c e , word , sound ; s ayin g .
nagar (p l . -at) m . spe ech , account , narrative ; thing , affai r , s ituation.
29
28
E xercis es
A . 1 . t aht a z entu ' eg
2 . mes l a we ' etu ' arwe
7.
5.
C.
ba-xaba ze-nabiy
4.
B . 1 . l iqa aft
5.
1.
' I -wadqu
7.
weluda ? afi
w
8 . ' aw1ileda we ' etu mak annen
w
aq ? e l a ye ' et i ' eg o
6. 1
Les s on 6
w
6 . mes la z entu mak annen
P l ural
' ana
neJ:na
we
' anta
you
' anterrru
you
' anti
you
' anten
you
we' etu
he , it
' errrun tu
t h ey
ye' eti
she , it
' emaniu
Li I (IY
The form we' etomu i s a l s o used for the 3rd pers . mas c . and
1'0111 .
p I li
111 1 1 1\(1
fO Il I I l I' 1 I
a,
6 . Wad ' a mal ' ak ' em-westa s amay wa-ba?a xaba beta ye ' eti b e ' sit .
w
7 . Rou we luda mak annen westa fenota hagar .
8 . Wadqa walda we' etu b e ' s i ' em-we s t a zentu ' eg o
Noun
pre d .
I am a man .
Nabiyat nena.
We are prophets .
It is J erus a l em .
He i s a fisherman .
They are j udges .
For special emphasis the pronoun may b e dup l i cated at the h ead o f the
c l aus e :
I am a man .
They
the
I r
i I' : 1 1
i l l e suhj
('
1':111
h e Illade
0f
Lllu
31
30
Proper Name s :
context .
Noun
Noun
Noun
l
l
l
+
+
+
Noun
Noun
Yoannes J o h n .
Not e espe
+ Noun :
Zentu UJ eJ etu J orit UJ a-nabiyat. Thi s i s the Law and the Prophets.
6.3
fern.
'eUontU
J
J eU?, 'eZUmtU
m as c .
' emuntU
fern.
J emantu
masc .
these
those
J eUu
Vocabul ary 6
Nouns :
ayq (p l . -at) shore (of s e a or l ak e ) .
< ed (pl .
a l s o used as a p l ur al of beJ s i .
J emm (p l . -at) mother .
'ab (pl . ' abaw) father , forefather , ance stor ; beta J ab fami l y .
met (p l . 'amtat) husband .
daqiq (col I . ) chi ldre n , o ffspring , progeny .
negest (p l . -at) queen .
Conj unct
ites .
i on :
' ({ I I ,; hi l l
( .1 1 1 , ,
"
Exerc i s e s
A . l . aJ:lafi ' ana .
2.
' cmun ! ( I .
4.
8.
ye ' eti .
1 6 . Daqiqa z entu gabr ' emuntu .
W
1 7 . ' Aq e l a z entu ' ed w e ' ctu .
4.
' E l l u s ab ' ' emu n tu ' amtata ' emantu ' anest .
l ii ! i
y o ' et i
{'o no l a
gadam .
33
32
.
C. 1 . G W ayya ' e l l a ' anest ' em-h agar
W
al la nabaru west a hagar .
2 . ' I _ g ayyu ' amtat a ' anest , '
w
n xaba negu s .
3 . B o ' u daqiq a we' etu mak anne
' eti hagar .
em-ye
'
4 . G ab ' at ' emma z entu gabr
abyat a zat i hagar .
5 . Warad a b arad wa- zenam diba '
t xaba hagar .
6 . Basha z entu negus mes l a neges
, ' al l a rou westa ayq .
7 . ' I abaru we l ud a h agar heyya
Lesson 7
7.1
marke d b y
p lural nouns :
.
8 . Gab ' u ' emuntu s ab ' ' em- ' adbar
t a hagar .
wes
a
'
9 . ' Arga ' em-we s t a ayq wa-bo
' emuntu masag geran xaba J:1ayq .
1 0 . B a h. at ' ah. mara
ijaa?a beta.
He bui l t a hous e .
He bui l t hous e s .
( a)
H e s aw a man .
Re' ya be' s e .
F inal -a, -e, and
(b)
undergo no change :
He found a k ey (mar'xo )
Rakoha marxo .
Re' ya <asa.
He saw a f i sh ai'lii) .
Nas' a [ere .
P ersonal names and p l ace names are either l eft lIo 'i n f J e ct ed
( c)
David
b egot So lomo n .
Word Order .
Subj ect
Obj ect , as in
The man p l anted a tre e .
by
34
35
Exerci s es
A.
Nabara gaacuna.
1.
2.
But this i s rare , and a prepo sit ional phrase (ba-westa gadam) i s pre
3 . T akalu
ferred .
4.
eqawa heyy a .
Re ' yu ' adbara.
7.4
acc.
ze, e Uontu
Zo.- ,
' e l lantU
acc .
' e UZmta
zanta
z ata
we' etu
we' eta
za-
ye' eti
ye' eta
5.
6.
7.
' e l Zonta
' e ZZu , and ' e Z Z have no dist inct accus ative forms , nor do the
personal pronouns ' emuntu and ' emo.ntU when used demonstrat ively as
direct obj e ct s .
14.
Vocabul ary 7
B. 1 .
I,
courtyard,
V erb s :
l'e' ya to s e e .
ana?a to bui l d , const ruct .
qataZa to ki l l , murder .
l'akaba to find , come upon ; t o acqu i re .
sadada to persecut e ; to drive out , b ani s h , exi l e ; to excommuni cat e ;
t o divorce ( a wife) .
takaZa to p l ant ; to fix i n , imp l ant .
Proper N ames :
beta Kel'estiyan (p l . beta Kel'estiyano.t ,
Nouns :
<
2.
w
B a - $ eb ora ' a ada mes l a daqiqa mak annen .
B a-meset gab ' u ' em-heyya hagara .
8.
9.
1 0 . ' I -anau ' abyat a , ' al Ia nabaru b a-westa gadam mes l a ' arawit .
1 1 . ' I -rakabu zata amara .
1 2 . Rosu ' amtata ' ane s t ayqa .
I :
I
37
36
-nu
i. s very
freque l l t l y
1r
mannu
what?
ment
whi ch?
menta
mon strat ive pronoun s / adj e c t ives , much l e s s frequent than the we' e tu/
ye ' eti group , used to ind i c a t e a more remote l o cation or reference j n
r e l at i on s h ip to the speaker and h i s aud i ence .
Eng l i s h " that , that . . . there , t'hat
m. s .
Th e s e correspond to
yonder . "
W
zeku ( ac c . ze k a)
zektu ( ac e . zekta)
W
zekW tu (acc . ze k ta)
c.p1.
f . s . ' enteku
What d i d h e find?
' e Ueku
' e Uektu ( acc . ' e L Zekta)
W
' e ZlekWtu ( acc . ' eZZek ta)
To whom d i d they f l e e ?
t i ve or d i sdainful nuance .
There j
8.4
manna
accusative :
who ?
a prep o s i
n a c l aus e unl e s s gover ned by
Thes e norm al ly s t and first i
les :
w i t h a prec ed ing noun . Examp
t ion o r i n cons truc t s eque nce
II'
e ct i ve s :
Int erro gati ve Pronouns and Adj
8. 1
Menta-nu re'ya?
mannu :
8.2
V o cabulary 8
Nouns :
\'Ihere?
how ?
whence?
) em-' cryte
why ?
when?
ma'ze
'e fo
the night .
d
Any c l ause may b e conv erte
.
The P art i c l es -nu and -hu
t
firs
the
to
ng -nu ( l e s s freq uent l y -hu)
into que s t ion form by addi
the
in fact att ache d t o
Be caus e th e s e p art i c l e s are
\'lord or phra s e .
cent ers , thei r
nd wh i ch the int erro gat i on
e l emen t oC the s en t ence arou
al word orde r :
" ( \ ('j1l1 r l l l rt' f rulII norm
\1 <; [ ' O i" l l' l l requ i I'l.
kona to be , to be come .
t ive i n the accus
8.3
/ '. ' // . 1 1
ZeZita
Verbs :
t in a c l aus e .
The s e a l so usua l l y s t and firs
1/11
8.S
priest .
Are yo u a j udge?
se n
!l, rln', r
adj e
U s ua l l y fo l l owed by a predi cate noun or
a
ative cas e : kona kahena he was/be came
there/ i t was/
t ive ( t h e
In t h i s us age a fo l l owing noun may be accusa
b e c ame .
: kona ZZi t (a) i t
predic ate) or non- accus ative ( t h e subj ect)
a) there was hai l .
was n j ght , i t became n i ght ; kona barad(
to
"
II
( t 0 : ;r:nim ,
t o i l l' t ,
,;o r k ,
Za-) .
e;
i"lil l c t i on ; to mak e , fashio n , creat e , produc
t o
39
38
:S .
ba' enta (prep . ) about , concerning ; because of, on ac count o f ; for the
s ake o f .
ba' enta-ze be
'. 1
Exerc i s es
A. l .
2.
3.
4.
S.
w
Mak annena zati hagar we ' etu .
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
IS .
16.
B. 1.
Hora mes et a .
Wadqa ba- l e l it .
w
Set a zanta beta l a-mak annen .
2.
3.
4.
S.
w
Sea amara xaba walda mak annen .
S adadu Kerestiyan a .
anau beta Kerest i yan .
6.
7.
8.
9.
B ' c n t a - z c
10.
1.1 1 1 1 l 1 1
I I .
I I ' I I I
I '
' I\ \, \,
fn l > rll
11 1 1 \>J , I I , l d , 1
,
1 11 I I
" 'III
:: "' l i l "
':' : I IIl;i y ?
: , 1 1I I n
hi;' ,
scu .
nu k u n a
ba-ye ' ct i 1 e l i t ?
14 .
wa-ba rada .
' Ayyat a ' ahgura hanasu?
IS.
16.
17.
Other :
la- (prep . ) t o , for ( in the dat i ve s ense) .
Mcnta
40
41
( c)
mendo.b e ,
Les s on 9
9.1
Pronominal p o s s e s s ion
my affliction
mendo.byo
mendo.bka et c .
accus at i v e : mendo.bya
mendo.bka e t c .
There are s l ight variat ions depending on whether the noun s t em ends
in a vowel or consonant .
(a)
hagareya
(d)
P lural nouns .
my c i ty
hagareya
your ( m . s . ) c i ty
hagareka
hagaraka
your ( f . s . ) city
hagareki
hagaraki
h i s city
hagarU
hagaro
her city
hagara
hagaro.
my cities
your (m . s . ) c i t i e s
' ahgurika
your ( f . s . ) c i t i e s
accusative :
our city
hagarena
hagarana
your (m . p l . ) city
hagarekemu
hagarakemu
your ( f . p l . ) c i ty
hagare ken
hagaraken
their (m . ) city
hagaromu
hagaromu
the i r ( f . ) city
hagaron
hagaron
( e)
C' I c .
liS
*daqiqihu .
Note especial ly the -u/-o contrast in the 3rd pers . mas c . s ing . and
[In
the tradi t i onal pronun c i at i on the -k- o f - kemu ( and somet imes , o f
,!ao.je s cribe) :
Ni l i l'
1 1,,11
?al].o.fiya
my s cribe
?al].afiy a
your (m . s . ) s cribe
?aafika
?ao.feka
your ( f . s . ) s cribe
,!aafiki
?ao.jeki
his s cribe
$ a/;Lo.fihu
?al].o.fihu
her s cribe
?ao.fiho.
accus at ive :
our s c ribe
?ao.fina
,!aafina
?ao.fikerrru
,!aajekemu
yo u r ( f . p l . ) s cr i he
:.;c!,o.fi km
? ao.fiken
:"!/ti.f7:homu
?ao.fih8mu
1.'I/liirihc5n
,!ao.fih8n
L Il l' I !'
( Ill . )
. <': I'
1 1,,' 1 1
( I . I
. .. . I I I , , '
I I , , " 1 ' , 1
i l l,
i I,,
,I"
11'..1 1 i v,'
Con
forms may take the -i- of the p lura l ; this is especi al ly true of sin
gular nouns w i t h - 0. - in the f i n a l s t em s y l l ab l e (notab l y -an) and
nouns ending in -at after a guttural cons onant ( and hence pronounced
-at; see p . 1 3 ) .
( f)
-0.- ) in the
mendo.be above :
?aafiho.
yO llT (lIl . p 1 . ) s c r i b e
S 1 11-
acc.
' abuya . . .
' exuya . . .
' ahaya . . .
amuya . . .
' exWo.ya . .
' afuya . . .
amo.ya . . .
' ar
aya . . .
The accus ative forms are o ften rep l aced by the non - accusat i v e .
(g)
The noun ' ed (hand) app ears in the s ingu l ar with -e- be
fore suffj x c s :
' edey a , ' edeka, ' edeki , ' edehu , ' edeho. et c .
42
43
Vocabul ary 9
C.
1.
Zentu
Nouns :
, ext (p I . ' =iit) s i s t e r .
medra ?ebii eastern country .
' exteya .
D.
beera gebiiQ
e as tern region .
snak e .
medr (pI . -at , ' amdar) f . m . the earth ; earth , ground , soi l ; land ,
w
3 . Mannu wc' etu mak anneneka?
w
The acc . may be written ' ex a or ' exwa .
w
> ex (pI . ' =aJJJ ) brother .
wange l m . f . gospel .
mo t m . f . death .
Verb s :
sakaba to l i e , l i e down.
mota to d i e .
sabaka t o preach (dir . obj .
azana to be/become s ad .
Other :
dexra ( adv . )
B.
5 . be' s i t eka
9 . qalu
2 . hagareya
6 . be ' s iki
1 0 . nagaratihu
3 . negusena
7 . ' anestihomu
1 1 . aafika
1 5 . daqiqomu
4 . betena
8 . liqanikemu
1 2 . sahaftika
1 6 . we1udihomu
1 1 . zenamata beeru
4 . mo ta ' exteya
9 . bahawerta medromu
w
1 8 . Mannu qatal a ' ex ahu?
Exerci s es
A . 1 . gabreya
45
44
j'af!u.doll/U
Les son 1 0
The pronominal
?aafi)
' emenna:
diba:
to.hta:
ba-ma' kalomu
ba' enta:
I')estet.
ba' enti' aya, ba' enti' aka , ba' enti' aki , ba' enti'ahu
e t c . , on the s t e m
kama:
ever ,
(1)
ba' enti' a- .
Po s s e s s i on by a speci
Thus ,
waldu la-negus can m e an only " the king ' s son , " but 'k'a /.rla
negus may mean " a k i n g ' s son, the king ' s son" or s imp ly " a prince . "
Sty l i s t i cal l y , waldu la-negus i s more f l exi b l e than the fixed and j n
waldu
'
, where
la-negus . . .
Za- s erve d , not as a dative prepo s i t i o n , but as a
La- :
,,)u / , II I 7tl " , 'UW;
1 ,;, / " I I ' / " " " i /
I t i s by no means un
la- omitted .
kama.- .
10 . 2
The
I n e s s ence , how
wes ta:
God) .
in their midst .
A l though some
( 2)
construct
10. 1
Za-nabiyo.t
governed nuun :
I
() . .\
(Ii "
!I" " 1 / - .
al l ,"
1.."1" / /, '1/(1
1.." " ' / / , 1111"
r;homu Za-ezb
T h c quant i fi er
diba ezb.
kWe Z Z_ , corresponding to Eng I i i l
al l of u s
al l o f t hcm ,
I t nl l l y
i ll'
47
46
or in appo s i t i on to another pronomin a l e l ement ,
3rd pers .
m as c .
s ingular form
V erbs :
in
to a l l of you
qarba
they a l l went .
xa lafa
w
(k e l lu ,
as
acc .
kWe l lo )
Jtie l lu de lew.
Everything is r e ady
W
V1ahabku lotu k e l lo .
ba-gafjfja kW e llu
k1JJe Z l-
a l l the city ,
When the
a l l the ci t i e s
la <la
on ,
upon ;
zentu
zentu kWe l lu
w
ze-k e l lu beJ;.er
b e fore
(p I .
Lm.
-at)
every d ay ,
(pl .
ma <alt
thi s who l e d i s t r i ct ,
we l l
t il('
, (1}1I i r
mawa <e l
day ,
dayt ime .
2.
dll Y .
W
k e l lo <elata
ma <alta
1110 1'(,
111 . 1 ' .
m. f .
<e latat .
Mawa <e l
<e lat
1\
Oil
I hat
day ;
kW e l lo ' amira
above ,
concern i n p, .
about ,
with which it is o ft en
i n the p r e s ence o f .
from b e fo re ,
qedma
ba-qedma
b e fore
i dem .
i nt e r
'
efll
( o f t i me ) ,
The
as
every d ay ,
9.
al l
3.
d i b a wanglHena
1 0 . d i b a z entu wayn
4.
5.
w e s t a b aawertihomu
1 2 . dexra meta
6.
' es k a
z a t i ' e l at
frequen t l y h as
or futur e ) ;
/,), " , ' I II/!I , " l ' I i " (/lI i l' I ' I'om! l In t i l that day (p as t
I,',
diba ,
a l l of
10
t ime .
over ,
t h i s d i s t r i ct
l e s s spe c i f i cal ly ,
kWe l l- :
al l day .
mawa <e l)
p l ur a l
day ;
Exerc i s e s
Noun s :
<e lat
- ' kat-a
ba-ma
7
1' d em .
far as .
( spat i al ) ,
prior to .
a l l this
V o cabul ary
{' enta
l e ave
c h an g e ab l e .
qedma
a l l the prophet s .
and
through
away from ,
kWe l l - :
z e-
pass
t o peri s h .
( over :
amon g .
in the ml' ds t o f .
unti l , up tO, as
qedma
a l l the d i s tr i ct s .
among ,
' eska
each c i t y
the who l e c i t y ;
t o weep , mourn
ma' kala
are normal :
kb)e l la hagar
kWe lla ' ahgur
W
k e l l u baJ;.au;ert
to pas s by
p a s s among
Prepo s i t i on s :
or
approach
{deZew} .
to p as s ;
wes ta} ,
is us ed inde
everybody" :
to dr al1 near ,
3.
s e a xabena kWe l 1 0
4.
'I .
(;;111
8.
() .
1;1 ' . l I
' ( '111
13.
14,
49
48
10.
'''
ana u za-k e l l a h ag ar a .
ene na
2 . qal ati hu l a_m ak ann
Les s on 1 1
feet :
Typ es o f Verbs .
G verbs
D verbs
roo t
L verbs
root
s t em
nQr)
lit"'''
has
l lJ p I
y g i V" ll I
root , only one of the above bas i c types is normal l y i J1 1 J , o .
some uni formity in grammat ical t erminology.
For
an
t h ree t yp c' s ,
Il
J' I
'1
no
I"
I I I' "
" , "'"
h\ll
W I L1 1
"III"
I II
'I"
'"
I I (.
til l
ference in meaning .
Ethiopic also has a s igni fi cant number o f quadr i I t t e r a ]
in
and
a
,"e
sha l l d e s i gnate as
Q:
Q verbs
r.
11
or
o f til i 5
o t h e l- s o u rc c s .
verbs are the most numerous and present the great ,,,.; I
i l l r I L'C I i on .
0"
V ; ( J' I ,' l y
I I II'
50
51
b a s i s o f t h e i r perfect s tems :
with
( 1 ) t h e t y p e repre s ent ed by
nabara ,
-a- b e tween C
For various
11.2
Devi a
'
1- gut t . and
P erfect i s as fo l l ows :
D
3 m . s . he
nabara
gabl'a
n?al'a
baraka
3 f . s . she
nabarat
gabl'at
na??arat
barakat
2 m . s . you
nabarka
gabarka
na??arka
barakka
2 f . s . you
nabal'ki
gabarki
na??arki
barakki
nabarku
gabarku
na??arku
barakku
3 m . p l . they
nabal'u
gabl'u
na??aru
baraku
3 f . p 1 . they
nabara
gabl'a
na??ara
baraka
2 m . p l . you
nabal'kemu
gabarkemu
nassarkemu
barakkemu
2 f . p l . you
nabal'ken
gabarken
na??arken
barakken
gabarna
n?arna
barakna
c. s.
1 c . p l . we
nabarna
wadaqqu.
Q
W
tal'g ama
W
tal'g amat
W
targ amka
W
targ amki
W
tal'g amku
tal'gwamu
W
tal'g ama
W
targ amkemu
W
targ amken
W
targ amna
sabaku, a-za-na
h c !; o l: O l 1 d
k and n :
sa-ba-ku
sabakku/
azana/azanna.
Vocab u l ary 1 1
Nouns :
ba-egg l eg a l l y , l aw fu l l y .
Zesana Yonanawiyan G r e e k .
Arab i c.
i nto :
U s ual l y , but
not always , in a ho s t i l e s en s e .
Proper Names :
tive l y .
as
by t h e fact that
Exerci s e s
fl . 1 . Nabarku heyya ' es k a we ' e tu ' am i r .
2 . lI'a raJku west a ayq ba-me s !t .
'\ .
.1 .
Wl1dll'l' l l l
'"
I l n l 1 : I ; I, , ,
z :lI1La
53
52
6.
Les son 1 2
B. 1 . Qarabna xabehomu.
2 . Gabarna z anta kW e l l o b a ' ent i ' akemu .
3 . S akabna heyya ' eska s ebah .
4 . S ab akna kW e l len a wes t a k We l l u b ahawerta zati medr .
azanna diba qalat ihu l a-mal ' ak .
6 . Targ W amna z anta maaefta ' em- l e s ana ' Arabi .
7 . Xal afna ' em-ma ' kalomu ' emdexra motu l a-negusomu .
12. 1
kehda to deny) , whi ch have -e- for -a- throughout in the stem :
5.
C. 1.
ana G e ' z .
TargW ama z anta maa eft a ' em- l e s an a Yonanaw iyan l a- l e s
2 . N ab ara ba-wes ta ' I tyopya mes l a ' Ag ' azi .
3 . Menta n a arkemu?
4 . Qabaru ' abdent ihomu l a - ' axawihomu.
W
S . G ayya loJesta beera Ge ' z wa-nab aru me s l ehomu .
D. 1 .
.
S adadu ' araloJi ta ' ern-haga r wa-deg anu ' emdexrehomu ' e ska mesH
8 . La-ment gabarki zanta?
on ?
9 . B a ' ent3 m e n t ' i - b a k a y a d i bn motomu l a- ' amtatih
' e l at ?
1 0 . ' I : fa ' Rq h k c n Wl' I uth kon b , l - y e ' e t .i
7.
I .' .
I ,. ,
' t I\\\
" . l \ l f , 1
d 1 1 ,: 1
I,.,
keda
kedu
sa' ala
kedat
keda
sa' alka
sa' alkeTITU
keedka
keedkernu
sa-' alki
sa-' a lken
keedki
kehedken
sa' alku
sa' alna
keedku
keedna
4.
I I .
sa' alu
sa' alat
W
2 . B a ' enta ment azankemu k e l l ek emu?
3.
sa' ala
hc t ?
h lv , ' I I LI
cal l anguag e .
m.
The
-z
of the
p lural is the original third radi cal of the root ; the -s- of
the singul ar repre s ents an as s imi l ation to the fo l lowing - t o
dam (p l . -at) m . f . b l oo d .
' ed (p I . ' edaw) f . m . hand .
Verbs :
?aaj'a to
WT
i t (' .
va' al {/ ro 0 ; 1
1'0 \'
( fl C (, . d i r .
>
em- ,
xaba) .
54
55
saba when.
wa- :
wa
is equa l ly common .
S ame comment a s the preceding .
Exerci s e s
A. 1 .
3. xebest wa-wayn
8 . damu l a - b adnu
9 . masaheftihu l a - aJ:afi
C.
B. 1.
1 0 . haymanotomu l a- d aq iqomu
7 . Gassasku ' axaweya .
8 . Kehdat ' exteya nagarat eya.
9 . G as sa at weludiha.
1 0 . La -ment k eQ edkemu nagaro ?
\Va- s o ba bo ' u hagar ana w e ' e t a ' amira, qat a l u k W e l lomu ' edawa .
' Arna mot a b e ' s ih1i, xal afat ' em-heyya wa-gab ' at xaba beta ' abuha.
.' .
' 1 :111
. I VY
1 6 . Mannu s ah a fa z anta nagara b a ' ent a mawa ' e l ihu l a-we' etu n e gu s ?
1 7 . \V a - s o b a mota ' abuhomu , qab aru b adno ba-westa we' e t u beJ:er.
14.
I I "; :; n
S6
S7
No
Lesson 13 '
13.1
The P e r fe c t :
Roots I I I - Guttural .
The b a s i c l exical
(a)
ba?a.
(b)
A l l D , L , and
nabara/gabra d i s t inct i on
and C :
3
2
nassea
-a- in
Both groups , however, are infl e cted the s ame way , with
gabar- w i th gabr- :
D nassea
nasse
ma?' a
malj' at
mas' ii
nassehat
nasseii
ma?ii:' ka
maljii:' kemu
nassaka
nassakemu
moqeat moqea
moqiika moqakemu
maljii' ki
ma?a' ken
nassa1ki
nassiiken
moqki
masa' ku
ma$ii' na
nassaku
nassiihna
moqaku moqana
moqaken
Th e pronominal obj e ct
111e
-na
you (m . s . )
-ka
you (m . p l . )
- kemu
you ( f . s . )
-ki
you ( f . p I . )
k en
-ata- , -ki becomes -ke- , -ken becomes -kena- or - ka- , and -na
b e comes
-na- .
us
m . pL
you
YOU
f .pL
-aka
-aki
-at
-ana
-atani
-akemu
-ataka
-ak(ln
-ataki
-ka
-atana
-kani
-atakemu
-a taken
-ki
-kana
-kfmi
-kena
You
m. s .
f. s .
-ku
m.
They
-u
f.
They
-ii
m . pL
-kemu
y ou
f . pL
-ken
y ou
We
-kuka
-kuki
-uni
-uka
-uki
-iini
-aka
-aki
-kerrru.ni
-kenani
-kani
-kukfm
-una
-ana
-ukemu
-akemu
-kerrru.na
-kenana
-kana
-na
-naki
-nakerrru
V o c abul ary 1 3
Nouns :
; or acc .
-at
b ecomes
f.s.
She
you
-ani
to t ake as a wi fe .
-ni
me
-a
moqeu
Q/ L moqea
malj ' u
13. 2
you lll
me
lIe
You
Suff.
kama
( 1 ) prep.
( Iv . suff.
way , thus .
I h e a rd I h . t l
58
59
he had died . ) .
' esma conj . ( 1 ) becaus e , for , s ince ; ( 2) that ( like kama above ) .
baawert .
Exerci s e s
A . 1 . Ma? a ' ku xabehomu.
bet .
' agbertihu?
B . 1 . Nas ' ani mes lehu.
11 .
4 . 'Ayte martaka?
7.
8 . Ma ' ze deganukemu?
C.
G abrana
5.
6 . La-ment gassakemuna?
7.
La-ment farahkani ?
5 . ' I -degankukemu .
D.
,.
w
1 . Wa-soba s ama 'na z anta nagara , nassna ' em-k e l l0 xa -awe lna.
2.
wa
q at a l u daqiqana
mes l ehomu .
3 . ' Ama
qarbat
' em-xabcna
.
Wa - s()h,
I"
,,1:, 1
xab'l.
' ab awihu .
n l n rl l wes t ,)
ii ' ( ' k t
' e l at a
w, ' , ' 1 ,1
, 1111 1 1 , 1
gl barna
ant a
xat i ' at a .
8 . Wa- ' ama s ama ' n a kama baa nabiy xaba hagarena , ma? a ' na wa
sama ' na l a-nagarat ihu .
9 . Sadaduna ' em-beta Kere stiyan ' esma kebedna qalata wange l wa
seetna ' em-haymanotomu.
1 0 . Soba s a ' alka xebesta ' em-xabena , ' i - s ama 'naka wa-sadadnllk a
qedmena.
1 1 . Weh z a wayn kama may ba-west a betu la-zentu mak wannen .
' 0111
1 2 . Mal ' a we ' etu dabr ' e1awa wa- ' arawit a .
1 3 . Soba re ' ya kama motu ' amtatihon , wadqa diba medr wa-bakoyii .
1 4 . Seba s ama 'na k ama nas ' ukemu , nassahna kama ' i -maa ' n a
wu - '
z e nt l l
61
60
wal'X ( p ] . ' co;)rax) m , f . moon , month .
Verbs :
Les s on 1 4
14. 1
The Perfect :
Roots I I I -W/Y .
When t h e final
s t em syl l ab l e s -aw- and -ay- are c l o sed (in the 1st and 2nd person
forms ) , there is an opt i onal contraction of aw to
common, and of ay to e , which i s rare .
in
D,
which i s qui t e
(to be
d evastated)
( t o drink)
bakaya
badwa
satya
<adawat
bakayat
badwat
satyat
<adawka/ <adoka
bakayka/(bakeka)
badawka/badoka
satayka/(sateka)
( t o cro s s )
G "adawa
used with a predicate noun or adj ect ive , which is tho no 1'11111 I
function o f kona. HaH
7 'a s
' unusua l n
' h aving bolll P li s l 1 1 1 1. 1
pres ent t ense meaning in the P erfect . Examp l e s : /Ja l '.co.)'1 1
hagar , There is/was a city .
the city .
( t o inform)
(to s end)
( t o pray)
fannawa
r;aUaya
fannawat
fjatlayat
zenawat
fannawka/fannoka
zenawka/zenoka
L/Q
re' ya
re' ikemu (for *re' eykemu)
re' ina ( for *re' eyna)
Vocabul ary 1 4
Nouns :
bar (p l . ' abert) f . m . s e a , ocean .
clrrlrry//(/rr(j(r!l ( p l . -iin
m.
f.
sun .
I",
VI' r q l l .
0;
b et .
S.
' amira .
6 . 'Adawu bahra
ba- ' ahmarihomu
.
.
.
7 . Ma' ze ' adoka ye ' et a fenota?
8 . L a-ment ' atokemu beherakemu?
9 . G W ayayna Hagara 9ay .
B . 1 . ' Ayt e re ' ikana?
2 . Mcs l n nlannu hal loka?
7, .
' A y l l!
IS .
lII11y
kona
l Oll
E xercis es
A . 1 . F annoku gabreya xabehu .
re'yat
I II
If of
-i- throughout :
lIlII / W I I ' ;
d i s l l ll(' !
the gabra type (cf. keda) , there i s a regular rep l acement o f -ey- by
re' yu
The
I f o f the nabara
re' ya
zenawa
to s end .
etc .
et c .
etc.
et c .
0,
,,:!,\ayb mn!?afeya?
d i b c l l olll l l
4 . B a ' enta-ze
5 . Nas ' a ' ebna
6 . We ' yu-ntl
' a ' l l ii l l f l
I JJl r'lld.
[;:mnokul, II x l l i l o l l I lIlII l .
wa -tl/l l ,r l lI
' I I K " i d l l l,
62
63
7 . B a-we ' etu ' awrax ' i -wada ' na
' em - h ag ar .
8 . anaku zant a bet a b a- ' a ' ban .
9.
Les son 1 5
1 6 . anau b e t a Kerestiyan d i b a
ayqa bar .
1 7 . Xalaf a ' em - xabena wa- ' at awa .
1 8 . ' Ayte hal l o kemu w e ' et a
' e l at a ?
-0-
1 4 . H a U awa heyya ' e aw wa- ' a ' ban . 20 . ' Ayte re ' ikenana?
C . 1 . F annoku z anta nabiya xabekemu ' e sma ' i - ' aqabkemu egageya wa
s eetkemu.
2 . N abaru ba-w e s t a Hagara Q ay ' e ska motu l a-we ' etu negus , wa
' emze ' at awu medromu.
Roo t s I I - W/Y .
T h e P e rfect :
15.1
qoma
qomu
sema
semu
qomat
qoma '
semat
sema
semka
semkemu
qomka
qomkemu
qomki
qomken
semki
semken
qomku
qomna
semku
semna
4 . N as s arku xaba ' adbar wa-re ' iku b erhana kama berhana aay .
5 . ' Ama hal lona mes lek emu , ' i - s ama 'k emuna.
s aw 'a
8.
w
' Adoku kW el l o baawerta medr wa-k e l l o ' abert iha .
9 . ' I - fannokuka xaba z entu h e zb ' al I a xaba kW e l lomu ' ah zaba medr .
sawn 'ki
he L i ved ,
recov('
aywat
sawa 'ka
' E sma farahna ' emenna ' e l l ontu s ab ' , waa ' n a ' em-heyya wa
' adona medra ' es k a zati hagar .
lyaywa
h e s acrifi ced
saw 'at
For examp l e ,
r'ed
ayawka/ayoka
ayawki/ayoki
et c .
etc .
prob l ems :
serna above .
15.2
-o/-hu
them (m . )
-omu/-homu
her
-a/-ha
them ( f . )
-on/-hon.
The i r att achment i s not s o s imp l e as that of the obj ect pronouns of
the 1st and 2nd pers ons .
the fo l l owing alterat i on s of the subj ect suffixes before t h e obj ect
suffi x e s :
64
65
remains
-a
- a-
-u
remains
-u-
-ata-
-a
remains
-a-
-at
b e comes
-ka
remains
-ka-
-kemu
remains
-kemu-
-ki
becomes
-ke-
-ken
becomes
-kena- or -ka-
-ku
r emains
-ku-
-na
becomes
-na-
V o c abul ary 1 5
Noun s :
Tak ing the alt ered form as the bas i s for our rul e s , we have the fo l
l owing :
(1)
I f the s t em ends in
(2 )
I f t h e s t em ends in
aft er changing
- an
-a ,
-a , -amu,
ta<at (pl .
Verb s :
him
her
-a
-at
-0
-a
-omu
-on
-atomu
-aton
-ka
-ko
-at a
-k a
-komu
-kon
N o Su ff .
She
m. s .
y ou
Y ou
f. s.
I
The/I .
-ato
-kahu
-ki'iha
-ki
-keyya
-keyya
-keyyomu
-ku
-kewwa
-kewwa
-kewwomu
-u
f.
They
m . pl .
you
f.pI .
y ou
qama
-ewwamu
-ewwan
-ahon
-i'iha
-kemu
-kemewwa
-kemewwa
-kenah a
-kemewwomu
-kemewwan
-kenahomu
-kenahOn
-nahOmu
-nahon.
-keni'ihu
-ni'ihu
The
-kaha
-naha
the king) , in wh ich the obj e ct i s firs t expre s sed pronominal ly (he
ki l l e d him) and then introduced nomin a l l y with the prepo s i t i on
la
'I,d, r / "
obj . compl . :
-ahu
-na
b e t ween
-a
-ki'ihu
15 . 3
-at) m. heathen i d o l ( s ) .
-ahOmu
-ken
We
liqa pappaaat
He
( 3)
-an
a l tar .
i,
I Ill nna l l y
Thus ,
Exerci s e s
fl . 1 . q t a l omu
2 . h a rakomu
3 . wuJayo
'1 .
l .
' : I d : l w ii
,' / l I I I l I l WI lI1l1 1
6 . n a s ' atomu
11.
7 . marJ:!atomu
12.
f( . i' / : " W W i I
8 . s am ' ahomu
9 . farh ewwo
1 0 . ? aJ:!afel"wo
13.
I II .
1 '1
' . 1 1 II 1 I I
h ' \ 1 It
66
67
I S . G assasornu l a-e z b .
6. Seto l a- betu .
16.
17.
7.
8 . Barakornu l a-weludihu .
hagar .
1 8 . ' Adawewwo l a - z entu beer .
C. 1 .
Setku beteya.
1 2 . Semewwomu qasawesta.
3 . Bo ' ku beto .
IS.
Konku diyaqona.
8 . Konna kahenat a .
9 . ' Emze kona l iqa pappas at . 1 8 . ' I -nasa ' kewwa l a -b e ' s iteka.
10. Semana diyaqonat a .
2 . awwe 'ornu l a- ' agbert ihu , wa- ' i -ma7 ' u xabehu .
3 . Soba awwa 'ke"ornu , s arn 'uni wa-ro?u xabeya .
4 . Qomku ba-qedmehu wa - s arna 'ku l a-qalat ihu .
5 . ' I -nas ' o 'Egzi ' aber l a-rnaawe ' ihomu ,
6 . S aw 'omu l a-we1udihomu l a-!a ' ot at ihornu .
7 . S erno liqa pappasat ' ep i s qoposa ba-IVesta z entu beher .
8 . La-rnent ' i -ma ' u soba ? awwa 'nallOrnu?
9 . S aw ' ewwomu la-rnaawc ' ihornu l a- ' Eg z i ' aber ' Arn l aka s arnay wa-rnedr.
1 0 . ' l - s aw ' ku ma swa ' t eya l a-!a ' ot .
1 1 . Wo ' u ' em h ag a r
12.
Mo ' kowwolllu
W;1
/ '"
' / /l l
/.' : 1 y o k a 'va
l i tl z e i l L I l
" ub
" ur
IV . I
69
68
personal
fern . s ing .
pI .
Les s on 1 6
16. 1
non-personal
Adj ective s .
j ust queens
hagar ba 'ed
}
J
a di fferent c ity
different ci t i es
mos t c lo s e l y to the s imp l e adj ect ive o f Eng l i sh and are the mos t fre
quent l y u s e d in Ethiop i c .
kahT'a
g l o rious , mighty
qati l
tahib
w is e , prudent
tahba
qatel
{iadeq
{iadqa
qattal
nadday
poo r , needy.
nadya
e. g .
verb :
c lude
Thi s is a
( sinful ) .
nominal p o s i t ion .
Mos t adj ectives are inflected for number and gender by the addi
t i on of the endings -t ( fern. s ing . ) , -an (mas c . p l . ) , and -at ( fern .
V o c abul ary 1 6
p l . ) to the mas c . s i n g . b as e :
mascu l ine
P l ural
q adeq
?adeqan
{iadeqat
{iadeqt
feminine
llI a s c .
sing .
negus ? o.deq
a j u s t k ing
pI .
nagast {iadeqan
j ust k ings
i n t h L'
d . the quanti fying adj ectives 'abiy ( l arge) and bezux (many ,
much ) , al though both of thes e occur frequen t l y in post -
thi r d ; see Lesson 2 3 ) and a few other frequent adj ect ives such as
S ingu l ar
i ll
I y.
c i
kebur
qetu l
, I
negestat adeqiit
those derived from nouns by t h e addit ion of t h e suffixes -iiwi and -ay .
19) .
.
a J us t queen
hagar M <edd
E t h i op i c :
negest s. adeqt
Noun s :
sern ( p l . ' asrnat) m . name ; fame , reput at i o n ,
neway (pl . -at) m . v e s s e l , ut en s i l , instrument ,' propert y , p o s s e ss ions,
wealth .
awareya (pl . -t) apos t l e .
T'ad'
(pI .
'
b ecolliC r j ch , ]
k;, I , , '
( I .
- I )
As noun :
as s o c i ate ,
c omp a / l O i l .
70
71
1 4 . Nas ' a ' a' bana wa-saw ' a dibehomu maswa' ta l a- ' Egz i ' abe r .
Verb : ?adqa.
Verbs :
samaya to name.
Exercises
11.
4 . nabiy adeq
14.
nabiyat adeqan
IS.
baJ:tawert ba ' ed
welud adeqan
7 . ' flwaled rate ' at
16.
17.
8.
hezb xa e ' an
18.
9.
19 .
20.
5.
6.
W
B . 1 . Wa ' u ' arda' ihu west a k e l l o baJ:tawerta medr .
2.
3.
4.
5.
Qatal eWlvo l a-nabiy xat e ' wa-s adadel</W omu l a- ' arda ' ihu ' em
ma' kalomu .
6.
7 . Xal afna ' em-xabe!tomu wa- ' atona ' enta kal e ' t fenot .
8.
9.
10.
12.
I ., .
\ ( ; , k ahku
Wa-nas ' o l a-wal da ' exuhu mes l ehu , wa-0ora wa-ba0a be0era
ba ' eda.
16.
Wa- ' emze ' adawu kal e ' ta bara wa-bal;lU xaba hagaru .
Nasse0a we' etu xat e ' ' em-xat i ' atu wa-gab ' a westa beta
Kerestiyan .
w
1 8 . Rakabomu l a-kale ' anihu ba-west a beta mak annen .
17.
Samayato semo Za-wald Yoannes (ha) . She named the chi l d John.
w
A . 1 . mak annen ba ' el
IS.
W
1 1 . Nas 'u newayeya wa_g ayyu h agara ba 'cdda .
kal c ' t a hamara xaba l)ayqa b aJ)r .
22.
'
em
B a-we ' etu warx ' i -nabaru ' arda' ihu mes lehu , ' al I a hoyu l"'I - l I i >lI k "
S
wange lo wes t a kal e ' an baJ;tawert .
Mannu we' etu s emeka wa-mannu we ' etu ' asmatihomu l a - ' axawika?
W
2 6 . Zanta maJ:tafa targ ama ' em-l esana ' Afrenj , wa-kale ' ana ' em
25 .
l e s ana Yonanawiyan .
73
72
mas c .
17. 1
Adj ective s :
kebud
fern .
setut
Lesson 1 7
the Patt ern Qetul .
17. 2
kebedd
heavy
seteH
tOrn .
p a t t ern for adj e ctives is qetu l , wh i c h , with the rel ated p at terns
qettu l ( from D verb s ) and qutul (from L verbs ) , has certain formal
Adj .
p e cul i arit i e s :
Adj .
kebert
might y , g l orious
qeddus
qeddest
ho ly
buruk
burekt
blessed
kebur
fern .
pre d .
pre d .
Pron.
'
sub J .
3rd pers . p ro n .
N o un
5ubj .
E x amp l es :
$adeqan nena.
We are righteous .
(b) When the b as e form ends in -uy , the sequence -eyt exp e ct e d
am
ill .
He is evil .
w
' Ekuy we' etu mak annen.
The j udge is
bad .
tracted to -it :
mas c .
xerit
chosen, e l ect
be luy
belit
o l d , worn out
' ekuy
, eki t
bad, evi l
i- :
xeruy
fern.
- ewu -
to -ewwe- (with
ww-
an
but
mewut/mewet
fern .
dewuy/dewey
mewett
dead
deweyt
i l l , s i ck
-w- .
<elew
fern .
<e lut
I II<'
I""
l1 hll
', 1 ('"" ,
not i l l .
sub
The
The s e
pervers e , wi cked
Such
amb i gui t i es are usua l l y r e s o l ved from the context or by the use of
various preposing part i c l e s suffixed t o the first e l ement .
\; i l i J i ' i n a i d e n L a l s :
When emphas i s i s
Th e fem i n i n e p l ural o f all these adj e ct ives may be based on the mas cu
l i ne stem (Lhus kdJUl'a i , I'cluya i , deweyat) o r , much more rarel y , on
t h o fem i n i n c' ,. i nf: l I l a l 1 0 1'111
am
The various syntact i c p att erns g i ven here and e l s ewhere repre
Note
17. 3
Adverb i a l Pred i c at e s .
c l aus e :
' A na zeyya T am here ; Mes Zena ' Egzi' abeJ" G o d i s w i t h u ', ;
' Em-manfas qeddull /,lte ' AtU f t is from the Holy Sp i ri t . Ha lZco,;a i ' , I I ' , " . ]
i n suc h pretl i c:lL i o n '; on l y when exp l icit past tense i s raqu i , , , ' ) ..
t hen
an
;,uuh i R u i l y
ahol l l
L e n se remai ns .
" V' II
74
75
7 . ' H i t ye ' e t i za-bc ' s i t .
V o cabul ary 1 7
N o uns :
yt ' anti?
1 1 . Zentu w e ' etu ma?a eft a egg
Bel i t .
1 2 . H al l awu manafe s t ' ekuyan
heyy a .
1 3 . Haym anotena haymanot ret e '
t ye ' et i .
1 4 . Dewe y zentu ware za.
1 5 . B e luy ' albasihu.
Adj e ct ives :
<elew ( f . <e lut) crooked , p erver s e , evi l ; rebe l l ious , heret ical .
qeddus ( f . qeddest) ho l y , s acred ; as noun :
e . g.
saint , esp . in t i t l e s ,
balya .
3.
V erb :
bazxa.
' akya.
11.
E xerc i s e s
B.
C.
11 .
1 2 . b e z ux dam
3 . awareya qeddus
1 3 . ma?J:!af be l uy
4 . neway b e l uy
9 . s em ' ekuy
1 0 . wald delvuy
1 2 . Se ! kewwa l a-J:lamareya b e l i t .
6 . negus ' e l ew
A . 1 . J:!amar belit
proper, orthodox .
14.
I S . wangeI qeddus
2 2 . D aw ayat ' extu wa- ' i -J:lavat ' e ska zati ' el at .
2.
77
76
Vocabulary 1 8
L e s s on 1 8
18. 1
Adj ectives :
Nouns :
A relatively sma l l but
important group of adj e ct ives has the patt ern qatil or the related
pattern qattil (from D verbs) .
rabiy
fern .
rabay
r;addas
J;1addis
great , l arge
J;1addisat or
The variant patt ern qe ti l occurs when the midd l e root consonant
The feminine form i s the s ame as the preceding .
rehib
fern .
rahab
18 . 2
a
rabayt
great
balix
balaxt
sharp
tabib
pababt
wise .
rabiy
The Comparative .
plural
r;eywat m . f . l i fe , l i fetime .
Verb :
craftsmen) .
Verb :
rabya.
pabba.
V erb :
lehqa to g row
up .
off.
noxa.
Verb :
Adverbs :
prepo s it ional phrase with ' emenna to the adj ect ive :
The comparison may be int ens ifi ed by the adverb fadfv.da (much , much
more) :
rabib we' etu fadjada ' em
, exuhu.
brother .
11.
7.
1 2 . dabr nawix
l ebs addi s
8.
neway haddas
13.
9.
14 .
bahawert nawaxt
15.
3.
B. 1 .
10.
6.
5.
r abiy ( f . rabay : p I . rabayt) b i g , l arge , import ant , great ; ba- ' cchi!/
body as a who l e .
broad
qat t' ?& h ave a common (mas c . and fern . ) internal p lural
Many ad J ectlves
form qata l t in addit ion to the external p lural forms :
sing .
l ife .
r;addasat.
mas c .
new
is a guttura l .
reqqa dewey
' :ll1t a
7.
Z l! " L I I
' 1\ 1 , i y
fad fada
hGL
79
78
8 . Lehiq z entu J:l awareya ' em-ka l e ' an J:lawareyat .
9.
10.
Les son 1 9
.
C . l . N as ' u abl a nawix a wa-J:lo ru ayqa bar
.
2 . B a-ye ' eti ' amat mo ' n a w e ' eta J:lezba
.
a
t
s
J:ladda
3 . Serna kahen diyaq onata
aywa J:leywata nawixa wa- ' ekuya .
na.
5 . Sawa ' na sega ' arawit maswa ' t a l a - ' Amlake
sa.
addi
eya
6 . Setku xabehu J:lamare ya wa- ' aJ:lbal
4.
19 . 1
qattaZ
Adj ectives :
-cr-)
or the
adj ectives of this pattern are indi st inguishabl e in the s i ngul ar from
the feminine s ingular o f the type qati Z ( i . e . qatcrZ) .
The tradi
t iona l pronunci ation merges al l these forms and regul arl y doub l e s
I hl'
are i e' x i
qu i v n l c il l
I II
Thoy a n'
0 I'l l'll
med:riiwi
o f the wo r l d ,
Their forms urc 11:;
fo l lows :
mas c . s ing .
samiiyiiwi
fern. s ing .
samiiyiiwit
p lural
samcryiiwiyan
(or
samcryiiwiycrt
(or
-eyan)
- eyat)
Opt ional forms in -ay o ccur for most such adj ectives ; these have no
pecul i arities in infl ection :
19. 3
Adj ectives :
Miscellaneous Types .
treated in the preceding three lessons include the vast maj ority of
derived adj ectives in the l anguage .
' abd
E.g.
eyiiw C f .
-t;
a foo l .
The s e a r e unproductive types a s adj ect ives and wi l l be gi ven wit hout
further comment in the vocabul aries .
19. 4
Qualificat ion .
fo l l o w i n g noun ,
w i t li
, ekuya Zebb
evil of heart
lianna!Ja gar;r;
beauti ful
of a s rt'ct
( ' 1 1'
1 . 1 "' 1
80
81
t a l l of stature .
n01JJixa qom
19. 5
medrawi ( f .
heavenly) .
berhiinawi ( f .
dewuy
dewuyiin
spiritual sens e .
samiiyawi ( f . -t) heaven l y , divin e , c e l estial .
manfasawi ( f . -t) of the spiri t , spiritual .
segawi fl eshly (not spiritua l ) , c arnal ( o f s ins) .
wangeZawi ( f . - t) gospel ( a s adj . ) ; as noun :
' ekit
rete f t
V erb :
1 1 . be ' s it
7 . m a l ' ak b erhanawi
1 2 . mendabc ' a h l y
3 . Ivare z a xer
8 . hagar s amayawit
4 . b e ' s i nadday
9 . nagarat manfasawiyan
1 0 . J:1eywat ; egawi
5.
6 . neway medrawi
L ady (Mary) .
1 0 . ga u l a -Manfas Qeddus
11.
12.
Adj e c t iv e s :
nawwZix ( f . idem)
nawix.
sanniiy ( f . -t) beaut i fu l , fine , exce l l ent , good (both phys i c a l and
moral sense s ) .
V erb :
sannaya D .
V e rb :
nadya
xer ( f . -t) goo d, exc e l l ent (used in a l l s enses o f Eng l i sh " good" ) .
eyaw ( f . - t ) alive , l iving.
Eve) .
;anny l
?an fa.
Exerci s e s
A.
evange l i s t .
1 3 . g a ' c k uy
1 4 . dabr nawNax
1 5 . wange H iwl ro t !"
83
82
C. 1.
L e s son 2 0
.
4 . N adday a l ebb we ' etu wa- ' i - t abib
' em - ' ahgur ikemu .
5 . enu' at ' ahgur ihomu wa- ' abiya t
20.1
e z ux n ewayomu .
7 . N addayan ' arda ' ihu wa- ' i -b
8 . eyaw ' Eg z i ' en a wa- ' i -mewut .
t o me
lana
to us
laka
t o you (m . s . )
lakerrru
t o you (m . p l . )
laki
to you ( f . s . )
laken
t o you ( f . p I . )
lotu
to him
l8rrru
t o them (m . )
lati
to her
lon
t o them ( f . )
Engl i sh .
D . 1 . We ' et a ' amira xal afa ' E g z i ' en a ' em - z entu ' a l am wa- ' ar g a xaba
20.2
fo l ' )
<.IS
obj e ct .
tena?
6 . ' I - s ama' kemu-nu t a ' amer ata ' E g z e '
e ' lu naddayan .
wa-b
t
l
e
'
ab
7 . Ba-ye ' et i ' amat nadyu '
.
s s eu kama gabru zant a xat i ' at a
8 . a z anu fadfada b a - l ebbomu wa-na
W
o
l
el
k
l u l a -madxenena ba-w esta
9 . S abaku wang eI a.wi yan ba-I;ange
baw erta ' al am o
.
a ' alu xebes ta wa-se ga ' emenn ena
1 0 . Qarbu naddayan xaben a wa- s
W
' e nawwax ba-b erhana aay .
1 1 . Teqq a sannay ' aq e l a z entu
atomu .
w a - ' i -be ' lu wa- ' i - s annayat I;eyw
1 2 . Xal afu ' awrax wa- ' amata t ,
.
wa- ' i - an ' u ba-haymanot rete ' t
1 3 . Ma? ' a l a ' l ehomu mend abe ' abiy
' em-qe dma betu .
1 4 . S adadomu b a ' e l l a-naddayan
s b a - h aymanot ene ' t .
1 5 . We ' y a l ebbu l a - z entu qeddu
I; i I I
W
2 . Ba-mawa ' e l a mendabe g ayayna hagara b a ' edda wa-nabarna heyya
" I'
He gave me bre ad ,
the verbal suffix expres s es the dat ive , or indirect , obj ect , equiva
l en t l y expre s s ed by the prepo s it ion la- .
In
i ll
d n t , ' . I t 1' I ,
t he
i ll
, x l ' l ' .. . .
84
85
t h e qatalo la-negus construc t i on .
E . g . Wahabo
obj . suff.
Mararatani nafseya .
ljaywo lebbu.
A typ i c a l
thing :
acc . d i r . obj . ) .
a.
(3)
t i onal phras e :
Bakayato .
Nagaro zanta.
He t o l d him thi s .
b.
V erbs of asking .
c.
d.
e.
Saraqani warqeya.
He robbed me of my go l d .
the king .
f.
three functions :
(1)
( 2)
When 1 1w
,l i d
,.
,.,. I
s l l i l .l cct
I I I' "
I :;
The verbs o f mot ion ba?ba, ma? ' a , and o c cas ional l y others ,
1>'"
Mattawomu hagara.
ship i s .
one :
My
dat i ve or accus ative is immat er i a l ) are often used when a part o f the
body (et c . , cf. f , 2 above) i s the obj e ct of the t r ansit ive verb :
Sam <ewwo qaZo.
They heard h i s vo i c e .
She touche d h i s
, /I arzrm,n,)o
'
edawihu.
c l ot h i n K .
They bound h i s h a I l u ,; .
86
87
Vocabul ary 20
E) .
13 .
Nouns :
Verb s :
acc .
mattawa D t o surrend e r , hand over ( ac c . d i r . obj . ; dat. suff. or Zao f ind i r . obj . ) .
acc . d i r .
obj . suff . ) .
za- that , the fact that ( introduces a noun c l ause after verbs o f
speaking et c . , l ik e kama and ' esma) .
becaus e .
S a ' a l an i s i saya .
4 . Marhuni feno t a .
13.
1 4 . S a ' a l at o neway a .
1 5 . S emana qasawest a .
7 . Mattonahu hagarana .
16.
8 . W a. h a b cw,o
N : I :-: ' t i l l i
16.
'<\" . ( 1 1
1);' 1 1 1 .
beJ;1er .
1 9 . N as ' o l a-ware z a mes l ehu ' e sma z amadu we ' et u .
2 0 . Wasadato l a-be ' s i ba-westa beta wa- ' aqabato heyya ' e s k a xal afat
l e l it .
A . 1 . Wahabani lebs o .
2 . S e!k ewwo amareya.
<J
E xerc i s es
6.
Conj unct i on :
3.
"
S C lllU .
' Akyo
cgi1 .
' :ild)
I I' Y : I .
Bazxana h e z b .
1 8 . I;lazano l ebbu .
88
89
corresponding Gt verb i s a s imp l e passive :
Les son 2 1
tafarha
he was feared
tagabra
tasadda
tahansa
tasam <a
it was bui l t
i t was he ard
tamara
tasay a
he w a s l ed
it was so l d
tamClhJ' a
he was defeat ed
tasClhJ <a
tanagra
ta?efa
it was spoken
tatak la
21 . 1
Medio-passive Verb s :
Gt .
as G t , Ot , L t , and Qt resp e ct i ve l y :
G
qatala
he k i l l ed
Gt
taqatla
h e was k i l l ed
fannawa
he s ent
Ot
tafannClhJa
he \vas sent
baraka
W
tal>g ama
he b l es s ed
Lt
he trans l at e d
Qt
tabaraka
W
tatarg ama
he was b l e s s e d
i t w a s t rans l ated .
The forms of the Gt verb for t h e various root typ e s are as fo l lows :
Sound
taqatla
he was ki l l ed
I - gut t .
taan?a
i t was bui l t
I I - gut t .
tal!e fa
i t was written
I I I - gutt .
tasam <a
it was heard
I -W
tawalda
he was born
i '
h e was buried
tClhJadya
he was p J A c<,d
he was k i l l e d
tasabka
tClhJehba
i t was g i ve l l .
i t was p reache d
tamaw' a
he was defeat ed
tasayma
h e was appointed
I I I -W
tawarwa
I I I -Y
tasarrry a
h e was named
ta <adClhJa
ta <aqaba
( 1 ) p as si v e of <aqaba ;
tarakba
to be found .
(1)
the s ame general patterns des cribed for G verbs of the corresponding
root types :
tare' ya
tarakba above .
There are some G t verbs lvh i ch ei ther ,have no corresponding G
verb or whose meanings are not dire c t l y r e lated to the G verb .
ta?efa
tasayma
tClhJarwa
ta?efat
tasam <at
tamClhJ' at
tasaymat
tawarwat
tanabba
to be read , recited .
taqatalka
ta?eefka
tasamii <ka
tamClhJii' ka
tasayamka
tawarClhJka
tale' ka
etc.
etc.
et c .
etc .
et c .
tam< e < a
et c .
01
th0
v"
I:
arc
tamaw' a
"" _
tasam <a
I I - W and I I l - g u t t . , [ H l l
I ch
arc
, ,1<1 1
The
\; 1 1
.I',Ii'< I,
taqatlat
' (Jill
tI S
taqat la
0 I'
, ba-xaba ,
I I -Y
taqabra
taqatla
I I -W
it was wr itten
i t was p l an t ed
Note
taasya
to rej o i c e .
Th e re are
tWI,r:J' a
two
(N o G verb) ,
(No G verb)
I l('
I ,' ('II .
90
91
etc . "
return .
taasaya/taasya Gt to rej o i ce ( i n , at :
( 2 ) tcun ' a
All
etc .
(1) to be b e l i ev e d ;
( 3 ) tcuna 'a'a
tcuna'ka e t c .
Proper Names :
s cunay a, mal.' a) , the s e cond accus ative i s retained after the pass ive
Exercises
Gt verb :
A.
Tasayma kahena.
Tasamya Yoannesha.
Tamal.' a maya.
E xamp l e :
Nouns :
4. S adadewwo l a -madx e n en a .
,
tazkar m emo r i a l s ervi c e or h o l i day , commemora tion ; memory ; m emorandum
e
l.ata
'
n o t at i o n . gabra tazkara t o c e l ebrate a commemo rat i on .
tazkar d ay of commemorat i on .
dammana (pl . - t ) m . f. c l o ud ( s ) .
7 . Tas adadna ' em- ' abyat ina wa- ' em-xaba ' azmadina .
agent (subj e ct ) .
Vocabul ary 2 1
, I
acc . ) ;
tcun'at
9.
Verbs :
ba-xaba) .
tawal.da
Gt to be born .
:
meta to turn away , divert ; to turn , d i rect ( e . g . face ; toward
xaba) ;
,
t o return somethin g / s omeone t o o r i ginal p l ace ; t o conv ert
ve;
i
s
s
a
p
Gt
tamay ta
tran s form ( ace . d i r . o l l j . ' IJCr; {,a , la- ) .
C.
.1 .
d .
'1""
\ \ II
' iillli l L a .
" 1 .1":1 /
I'll" 1 1 1 1 /1
t.
II
93
92
5 . Tans e ' at ' em-heyya wa- gab ' at xaba z amada .
6 . ' I - s ama ' kemu-nu z a - t an e ' a ' Eg z i ' ena ' em-mutan wa- z a I;ley aw
Les s on 2 2
w e ' etu?
7.
B a-ye ' et i ' e l at tarakabku ' e l ew a wa- t as adadku ' em - ma ' ka l omu .
22. 1
ment .
Dt
to be sent
tagassa?a
tamattaJ.Ja
Lt
Qt
tafannawa
3.
The r e l a t i onship of 0
introduced :
D.
Dt , Lt , Qt .
ta?aJJJWe <a
to be summoned , cal l ed
tabCi:t>aka
tatargW ama
to b e b l e s s e d
to be t r an s l ated
5 . S emu l a- z entu mal;laf Gebra I;lawareyat \Ve ' etu , I; a- ' em-l:Iegg Hadd i s
ing ph enomenon :
we ' et u .
6.
'
amay a
Wa- ' emdexra sabaka b a-wange l westa enfakt i medr , t
This i s fu l ly comparab l e to
xabena.
7 . Wa- sob a xalafa we ' etu mendabe, t a as ayna fadfada .
8 . F anna\Va ' Eg z i ' abe r z anta maqs aft a l a ' lena b a ' ent a x a i ' aten a .
Eng l i s h , where the pas s ive counterp art of "They gave me the book" is
9 . Wa- ' ama z anta nagaran a , mErna ga? ?atina ' emennehu w a - ' i -
either ( 1 ) "The book was given t o me" o r (2) "I was given the book . "
Thus , Ma FFaJ.Jewwo hagara (They surrendered the city t o him) b e comes
(2) TamaaJ.Ja hagara (He was surrendered the c i t y
na?? arnahu .
He receive d or
1 2 . Ba- ' ayy me ' rafa zentu mal;laf t arakba nagara gebarihu?
( 1 ) the thing
1 3 . Ba- ' ayy ' e l at a warx w a - b a- ' ayy warxa ' runat t agabra t a zkaru?
I S . Ba- z entu qal tamay a \Vest a ' arwe medr wa-\Vadqa diba medr.
16.
AI
1 7 . S o b a zanta s ama ' ku , t am ' a ' ku eqqa fadfada wa-nas a ' ku ' ebna
wa-qatal k ewwo .
18.
1 <) .
!n .
- '
,lln:1 I 1 T I il
'1"11111 ' 1 1
1 :I ' ] a
n
V
i on h i p b
m v
ur
hlhl l
CL
There i s a s i gnifi-
f'l I ,
tIV
dl r
hough w
110
tl w i t h t h e G s y s t e m .
T h e derivat ional c h a i n G -7 Dt
95
t h a t may
be i ;o l (\ L Od :
( 1)
J)L
v c r l; s
Thes e verbs
tadawwaya
' em-) .
la- ; against :
la ' la) .
ta 'ahbaya
to be b o as t fu l , arrogant
to give the app e arance ( fa l s e ly) of b eing
tafasse a Dt to rej o i c e ( in :
r i ght eous
obj . ) .
It is
spe c i a l i z e d forms :
to prophesy (to :
la- ; again s t :
la 'la) ; denom-
tase" e la
tagahbara
t o work a fi e l d or
mesla) .
wi l l be treat ed later .
t o g i v e a s ign or s i gnal .
A.
''i
6 . Ta efa nagaratihu westa b e z ux ma al;1eft , wa-tatarg amu 1 a
l es 1inat ba ' edd .
d i v i II"
1 1 ; 1 111'''. ) .
(}l
N oun s :
ne"lat
' &11/- ) .
s u r !' . ) .
E xercises
V o cabulary 2 2
tanabbaya
or ohj .
ta?addaqa
(2)
to f e i gn i l l n e s s , pretend to be s i ck
tapahbaha
Verb s :
lotu
S . M as ' a madxenena w e s t a ' a l am wa-tab e z awana ba- damu ' em-xal i ' a t .
6 . Tawas s ak o neway wa-k ona b a ' e l a eqqa.
7 . Wassaknahomu diba e zbena wa-konna ezba ' ab i yo l'i ll
8 .
\a s s ak u xat i ' ata xaba xat i ' at wa- ' i -s am ' e l'il'io
(I.
T a mL' h h c ]'a
I(J.
I. L l yl,!;1
q l ()
' emml l .
I ". ' 1 1 1 11 .
I II
l I l u l l l "llIl l .
96
97
4.
Tawass aku ' el atat xaba J:leywatu, wa-J:aywa J:leywata nawaxa fadfada
ba- z entu ' alamo
W
6 . Bezawa k e l lo ' al ama ba- segahu wa-ba-damu .
5.
7.
8.
Les son 2 3
2 .3 . 1
C a rd i n a l
one
aadu
two
ke Z Uu
three
sa Zastu
acc .
four
arba ' tu
Nabarna heyya ba-xasar wa- ' i -t afassana ba-ye ' et i J:l eywat
fiv e
xamestu
naddayt .
six
sedestu
s even
sab'atu
w
Nas' on l a-k e l l on danage l ' anest ihu .
e i ght
samantu
11 .
Was s akka newayaka medrawe wa- ' i - wassakka newayaka manfas awe .
nine
tes 'atu
t en
' asartu
15.
Wa- ' ama ta' arnrnaru, rona kW e l l ena ' ern-bet westa fenot .
18.
Ta' ammara z entu nagar l akemu ba' ent a za-adeqan ' antemu.
2 0 . ' I - k ana tab 1' b a, ' a l l-a taabbaba ba-qedma kale ' anihu wat a ' abbaya ba-gebrat ihu wa-ba-qal atihu .
, i-
' abyu .
24 . l3a ' c nt a
ac c .
- to.
calasn
, arba '
- t o.
xams
- to.
Goon;;
sab 'u
- to.
D(I/' ' u
samani
Qllliill i
tes 'u
- ta
cu/)U 'a
:r:(mW a
ses su
- to.
alatto.
keZ eta
saZas
- to.
iN/ '{;
rasru
aatti be si t
ke Z e dammana
sessu ' anest
'ani'll
ke Z e tu abya t
saZa stu warx
saba 'tu sab
aadu be si a
Ord i n a l
23. 2
are
,I
aatti
ke P eti
- to.
keZ' e ta
nagaraka?
Tat abbabu wa- ' i - abbu, taaddaqu wa- ' i - adqu , ta 'abbayu wa
Femi nin e
' a dO:
2 1 . Nabarna westa Ye ' et i medr sannayt wa- tagabbarna mes l a ' aJ:lzabiha.
w
2 2 . Ba' enta ment tadawwayka qedma mak annen wa- ' i -nagarkahu
23.
Nwn ber s .
based
on
the
( f . qa ie Zt) ;
th e
Numb ers .
three o f h i s
ex
disc i p l e
98
99
f.
sabe < t
salest
seventh
sabe <
rabe <
rabe <t
e i ghth
sCimen
sCiment
fifth
xCimes
xCimest
ninth
tase<
tase < t
s i xth
sades
so.dest
t enth
'"aser
<asert
third
sales
fourth
f.
.:J-=. ( f . qa dam'/..' t)
For " fi rst" qauum'/..
in s everal ways :
s used .
t)
tes <a
seb <a
<esra
serrma
sedsa
reb <a
xemsa
selsa
whi ch i s
rare ; ba <ed ( f . ba <edd) , but which has al so the addit ional meaning
E xerci ses
. - i t salesit
- 1S
. -ay
.
Note that the feminine form for ordina 1 s 1n
be' sit the third woman . A further derivat ive from the ordinal s t em
B.
9.
s e s su b e ' s i t
16.
sab ' u
17.
18 .
s a m ii n i
sal as negest
4.
5.
xamestu xabawe z
7.
14.
I,
Setkewwo sal as t a ab l a .
2.
3.
5.
8.
9.
10.
' fl r l J r t l.l n l l
14.
IS.
not us ed in the other number seri e s . When the context i s c l ear , the
.
nouns for day and hour are oml tte d : ba-salus on the third ( day) , at
18.
17.
23. 3
i n the
I:.
Gab ' a xaba beteya reb ' a wa- ' i - rakabani me ' ra .
' a zmad i hu xerns a .
Tab6 z aw a
J9.
Z C' n t u
20 .
' I
t :1I1ahba
l omu dagema .
k ii ' eb a .
q :ldllmi.
egg .
' U I/II\ 1
tes
They also occur in p l ace o f the regu l ar cardinals when days , hour s ,
,< , , 1 '1 1 1
20.
11.
' ii mi t !
21.
We ' eta warxa I;lanau kel ' et a ' abiya ' abyiit a .
7 . 'Arnmarana xame s t a me stira qeddus a .
't u W i l f'X
1 9 . siimon l
6.
IS.
sabii
2 . salastu nagast
and used almost exc lus ively to des i gnate days of the week or month or
salus le lit
s edestu masaggeran
6 . xamestu gabr
8.
3.
noun :
sales ' anqa
salas hagar
A. 1 .
A l l o f the ordinal s except kale' appear also with the adj ectival
.
- . The ord1' nal adJ' ectives normal ly precede their
suffixes - and -ay
101
100
w
lu newayu .
2 . Waha ba lotu ' aser ata ' em_k e l
aren a .
3 . B a- salu s t ama awa t hag
' em-,d aweya .
4 . Ba-me s e t a r ab u ' t afaww asku
beheromu .
",.,a s adus ' el at l a-war x t amay u
5 . Ba- ? eb
.
6 . B a - ' asur t a awwa ' na qedmehu
ba ' enta s ab ' u danagel ababt .
7 . N agar ana naga ra
' s i t w a - s a ' al atana s i saya .
8 . Wa- ' emze qarba t rabe ' awit be
.
9 . N ab aru heyy a ' eska t asu'
ba- xame stu ' aba l senu' .
arwe
'
etu
'
a-we
1 0 . Was adewwo l
xabe kemu .
1 1 . Tafannawu xame stu ' em- ' arda ' ihu
medr .
s su ' em- ' ahgurihomu l a-negusa kal e ' t
1 2 . Tama tta\oJ
' a se
wa-w ahabo lan a .
1 3 . Gabr kel ' e ' alba sa ' em- ' anad a
reyat s is aya mes lehomu .
1 4 . ' I -n as ' u hawa
.
maa eft mes l a ' asma ta
1 5 . Ze-w e ' etu ' asmat a zent u xame stu
Lesson 24
24 . 1
Glt .
!.l s t t'd
verbs other than tho s e for, which we have actual attest at ions .
bel ow are the most important Glt verbs from roots already introduced .
For convenience they are divided into two group s :
( 1 ) those who,
meanings are more or l e s s predi ctab l e from the general notion o f rec i
procity or association, and (2) those whose meanings require
attention .
s p ec i a l
me 'rafatihomu .
to have intercour s e
mesla
or acc . )
tara' aya to look at one another , see one another (ga?l!a ba-ga??
I .
face t o face)
tama < e <a to get mad at one another
tasii' ala to find out by asking around
tasame <a to hear and understand one another, each other ' s l an-
guage .
( 2 ) /;ahijl " !/(.l L o b r i n g (someone :
l eetl
t erm)
/ , Ifrul, , ' a L o
r , /I / " I / , / I '"
sp e a k
/ IC I 'iH'uj " c
1 0
or
a c t: , :
or ace . ) ; to speak
( ,\
I ,
ace . )
"
1,, ,
,'
", ' , I
103
1 02
ianwaba
E}ab'
tanZigara
- t)
m. f . war , batt l e .
Verbs :
to s t and
nant (with :
up for ( la- ) .
verb .
acc . ) .
Taking this in con j un ct ion with the more usual associat ive/
Coda trans :
Other :
punctual act .
derivatives .
-0.
sn' w) to
fixes .
Vocabul ary 24
Exerc i s es
Noun s :
te' zaz (p I . -at) f . m . order, command, edi ct ; l aw, commandment .
ba
4.
6.
7.
B.
mes l (pl . mesal , mes lat , ' amsal) m . l ikene ss , form, image ; proverb .
9.
gabra/
Kia:an i s
The form ' amsal i s frequent as a s ingular (pl . -at) with the
s ame meanings .
e l l l l ', \ ) I I .
5.
10.
Ill .
[.
S L I1 K .
Saba tasa ' alu ' esma mota negusomu , fannawu xabeya mal ' aka mes l a
zentu mashaf.
tanal!aru
[1 5 .
B. 1.
T n k o.yadan a
' /; g z i
2.
?, .
S CIll I I : 1
' u h l o r .
l11l' s l ll
1.H' zh u .
negus.
1 04
105
4 . Takiiyadna kidIma mes l a ' cgzi ' ena .
5 . !:lorna ab ' a ye ' eta ' amata wa- abii ' na bezuxa ' al!z aba .
6 . Wa- ' emze wa ' u kWe l l omu warazuta hagar ab ' a ba-te ' zaza negus .
7 . 'ada hagaromu wa- ' i - s ab ' omu .
Soba dawayku, rad ' an i we ' etu b e ' si xer wa-ayoku ' em-daweya .
9 . Ta ' adawna ' em-egagihu wa- ' i - sama ' na t e ' zazat ihu .
8.
w
3 . Taba eewwomu 1a- ' e 1 1 ontu s edestu sab ' xaba mak annen .
4 . ' Efo t abawe ' ewwo xa e ' an wa- ' ekuyan 1a-hezbena?
5 . Tagab e ' u sab ' a zamadu wa-t asana ' awu b a ' enta newayu .
6 . Tarakabku mes 1 a z entu qeddus wa-ta1 e ' ekkewwo .
7 . Tarakabu ezb wa- gabru t azkara negusomu mewut .
8.
Tanagara mes 1 eha wa-t asayaa we ' eta maafa qeddusa ' emenneha .
9.
2. Ba- ' amsa1a mannu gabra ' Egz i ' aber b e ' se?
3. Tabib we ' etu wa- sannay eqqa ' amsa1 ihu .
4 . Tare ' ya l ana ba- ' ams ala ma1 ' ak berhanawi .
5 . ' Odna wcst a \1C ' etu b eher be zuxa ' awraxa.
6. Zcn l ll
JlIII;ha r h a ' c n l n
7 . Zentu
rad'
' I -ha1 1 awa sutafe ' Egz i ' ab er ; ' aadu we' etu .
' ado damm ana kama ' a f berhanawi .
1 0 . Takayada ' E gzi ' aber mes 1 a e zbu ke1 ' e kidanata :
8.
9.
' ahatt i
tas amyat Kidana Be 1 ita \1a-kal e ' t tasamyat Kidana ':!addas a .
106
107
:((-111< )
' e l lu.
Le sson 2 5
Re l ative P ronouns and Re l at ive C l auses .
25 . 1
nouns are
I:
I II
mas c . sing .
za
fern , s ing .
' enta
common plural
, e l la
' e t ta
a.
Relat ive c l auses where the re l at ive pronoun is the subj ect
c.
f.
za-re' yu )
I.!
I
'
j' !
I
,:
'I
kokab
l .i
' e l la sagaZ
, e l la ' aganent
Closely rel ated to this is the use of za- ( s c l dom ' ell / (l
g.
of
( J I'
manbar za-warq
a l eather belt
0 1 1 ('
b ccume
h.
Betaleem za-Yehuda
Bethlehem of Judah
za-warq manbar
a golden throne
, )
is normally employed :
za- lam?
, enta ' Grey 0
When the relat ive pronoun i s the direct obj ect of the v erb
b.
nabaru heyya
be' si za-ma?' a
Za- may rep l ace ' enta and ' e l la unless the l atter are used absolutely
,-, 1.1.
3a-kama-zo ae ltan
such authority
(lit.
thi s)
1 I 1 1 1 1 1 0 1' 1 I y
which i s l i k e t l l i ' , )
109
108
i.
bert m . copp e r .
' ama from the t ime o f) , la- ( la-' ama at the time of) , and ' eska
(' eska ' ama unt i l the time of) .
( 2 ) conj unct ion :
( 3 ) r e l at ive adverb :
day when I s aw him .
E . g . makan xaba
Exercises
Tanse' at ' em-xaba wadqat. She got up from where she h ad fal len .
1 6 . haymanot za-kerydewwa
Noun s :
tj.amr m . f. woo l
W
sag r h a i r (human o r animal ) ; f u r , feathers , p lumage .
warq m . go l d , money .
berur (p l . -at) m. s i l ver .
xa?in (pI . xw!aweHl m . i ron ; swo rd , weapon ; tool , imp lement .
27.
W'Ht(
2B. xa, i n
.' ' 1 .
III
110
' E g z i ' ena za-wahabo sebJ:1ata b e zuxa
3 1 . qeddus za-nas a ' n a s egahu wa- qabarna we sta zentu m akan
W
3 2 . ' anada wa_ag ra gamal z a-t agabra l ebsu ' emennehu
30.
Les son 2 6
26 . 1
36.
37 .
38.
39.
2.
4. dammana za-berh1i.n
5.
' a f z a-<;J.amr
gab' a
sannaya
masana
dangaa
to come back
to be beaut i fu l
to perish
to be d i s turb ed
CG
' agbe' a
CD
' asannaya
CL
' amasana
CQ
' adangaq.a
t o bring back
to make be aut .i ri l l
to destroy
to d i s t urlJ
1 . neway z a-warq
W
' albas za_ ?ag r a gamal
C G , CD , C L , CQ.
35 .
Causative V erbs :
b as e s .
(;
VC' r h o I
t ypl'; .
'1'1,,,
8 . s ayf za-xain
9 . ' asyeft ' enta bert
1 0 . ma sw1i. ' t z a - xebest wa-wayn
s t em vowel before C
( <, . )1, .
2. k i dim za-tas ana ' awu b a ' enti ' ahu b abaynatihomu
(!
Infl ect i on
radi cal ; from qoma we have J aqama, ' aqamat , J aqamka, J aqamki, ' aqamku
etc.
8.
cal .
5.
' I - tan1i.garana ' em- ' am a g a ss anahu b a ' enta za- gabr a .
6.
betana .
8 . Tanse ' a ' em - x a b a nabara wa-de gana dexrena.
10.
1 t 1 ;; ' :1
26 . 2
7 . Hal lona m e s l ehu ' e ska ' ama mot a , wa- ' emze gab1i. ' n a xaba
' akeda ( root kyd) i s the normal one , wi thout loss of the s e cond radi
2 . Rakabna z ant a makana ' ekuya fadf1i. d a wa- ' i -nabarna w e s t etu .
9.
anana
' akya
t o b e bad
CG
Spccl ll i I I I
1 (1 1 1 -
1II0 : l I l I I i W .
I hili
(1:1j :
'I','
l.,.
!i i,
1 )
,
112
113
la ' la ,
' abe' a
diba)
' a 'baya
, ab <ala
' ab laya
to make rich
to age , make o l d , render obsolete
' abzexa
' agbe' a
I'
to make i l l
' afreha
t o frighten
' ayawa
' alhaqa
, am < e < a
' a daqa
' a?ne <a
' aro?a
' apbaba
' anbara
' as ata
' as kaba
to cau s e to l i e down
' aw <aya
' awde' a
t ain action .
With verbs of mot ion the exact direction of the mot ion
' awrada
is o ften amb iguous , producing several trans l at ion values in Engl ish .
' axlafa
For example , the CG verb ' a' tawa ( from ' atawa to go home) has the
to s end someone h om e , to l e t
The context wi l l
usual ly make clear which o f the various nuances o f the caus ative
force applies .
' a <dawa
' a <raga
' a 'oda
, , li;krr!la
, I ,} II/I ' /I I
L a move
I \)
1 , ,' 1 1l j
C I I rr y
hew down.
to make wise
[; tu
ra i n)
' awdaqa
From other intransitive verbs the CG verb has the b as i c idea o f cau s
I II
I
dW1l 1
501ll0UI I\'
, aqraba
, aqama
killed
to reduce to poverty
' adwaya
' azana
W
' ag yaya to put to fl ight
a lot o f
,) iI ,I !'
to
V o c [l b u l ar l y
he did
26
Nouns :
to tears
" ' '' I I ,
" I' ;
r ; ,' , br eat h ,
vital l i fe - force ;
II
114
US
' arami
manker (pl . -at) mirac l e , marvel , wonder ; also adj ective ( f . -t) mar
v e lous , wondrous .
4.
'Amo ' a
lita
k e l ' et a newaya .
w
5 . ' Am ' e ' o nagaru l a-mak annen .
6 . ' A ' ragna ' arba ' t a maswa ' t a .
V erb s :
7.
xaba) ; to protract
Gt
Exercises
A. 1 . ' Ane 'a kW e l l o masahefta Kid1i.n l:laddas ba- l ebbu .
1 3 . ' Arte 'a ' albaba ' e l ewana wa- ' adaqa xa! e ' ana.
7.
' Ab z exa t a ' amera wa-mankerata wa- ' amnu be zuxan ba-wange l u .
1 0 . Tafa!ra zentu ' al am ba' ent i ' akemu wa-ba' ent a daqiqekemu .
Za- , qedma) .
1 2 . S aabewwo Ives t a h agar ' es ka mal ' a damu west a kW ellu fen:Iw i h o. .
1 3 . Saabkll qal eya ' eska meset , wa- ' emze xa1 afku ' em-xabehoIliLi .
1 1\ .
,.
; () h : 1
117
116
20 .
23.
L e s s on 27
27. 1
CG ( cont inued) .
to cause
c aused us to s e e a book ) .
o b j or l '.
adj \ J s l (' d
accordingly :
' Aqtala we' e ta nabiya.
He h ad that prophet ki l l ed
it.
(J
(1 i t .
to
I,,
I I
. .1
.
1111
ill''' ' .
. . J.
a l ready
introduced :
' a' mana
' a <dawa
' a <qaba
' agbara
' anse' a
' an?ara
' aqbara
In
dir.
ohJ . l
In
" I I I
.1"
ti l l
118
119
i n a few inst ances there i s a derivat ional rel at
ionship between two
obj , ) k i l l e d
' arkaba
' asme
' asmaya
' a?,afa
obj . )
' aw lada
CD , C L , CQ .
Note t h e fo l lowing:
' agabbara
' anasse,a
' asannaya
' abezawa
27 . 3
,' ,! !: I
/ \ r - --/l
CD -
) Dt
- - -
CG - - -> Gt
Glt
/I
CQ - - -> Qt
Qlt
to know/be known
to enrage/be enraged
CD/Dt
, as affawa/tasaffawa
CQ/Qt
' amandaba/tamandaba
CG/Gt
W
W
terg ame (pl . terg ameyat) m . f . t ran s l at ion , interpre t ation . za-baW
W
terg amehu , ze-we' e tu terg amehu the interpretation of whi ch i s .
,
tent b eginning; ' em-tent from t h e beginning .
nadd m . fl ame ; nadda ' essat idem .
Verbs :
l at i onship exists between t h e caus at ive and the medio -pass ive verbs ,
as indicated by the dotted l ines above .
l arge structures ) .
c ausat ive derivatives , form a group of i so l ated but p aral l e l syst ems :
D
Nouns :
' anqa?/' anqaq (pl . ' anaqe?) m . f . gate (of city, t emp l e , or other
'I
Vocabul ary 2 7
d i r . obj . )
"
CG ' andada t o
C I t ta
aqara to l ove one another ; to love ( someone : mes Za ) .
' wnunclauu CQ to affl i c t , oppre s s ( a c c . dir . obj . ) . Qt tamandah'1 1 n
he o p p res s ed .
"
p r"ffl i
S l'
' <1' 1 ,
120
1 21
suff. o r Za-) .
(,.
' AI I " , , d.IO wa - l a ' amna xa!awe ' ihu wa-t a!amqa b a -may .
7.
' A : l I l 1 l aycww::i
9.
SOI.Hl
8.
Othe r :
mangaZa (presuffixal : mangaZe-) prep . t o , toward, in t h e direction of.
ba-mangaZa idem.
Za-mangaZa i dem .
10.
' Amc ' ana ' Eg z i ' abJ;ter l a ' l a ' aJ;tzaba zentu med r .
12.
P roper N ames :
13.
' Abreham Abraham ; SaZem Salem (cf. Gen . 1 4 : 18) ; MaZka $edeq Me l chi z e
Be rn
14.
Shem .
Exercises
1.
L amanuabu
I I . ' A ' maru kama ' odna hagaromu soba s am ' u te 'merta za-t a ' arnrnarn a .
, I -t akayadkemu-nu kidana mes l ena? La-ment w a1a ' kemu wa
A.
, A s u CCuwoUlu
' A ' manomu wa- ' a!maqomu ba- s ema ' ab wa-wald wa-manfas qeddus .
2 . ' A 'dokewwomu ' adbara wa- " anbarkewwomu zeyya xaba nabarku ba-
t ent .
' I -yafqaran i , wa- ' amandabani ' eska qarabku l a-mot .
4 . \'Ia- ' emze ' a 'rafani ' em-mendabeya wa- ' aqama kidana mes leya.
3.
15.
C.
I.
2.
3 . Zentu we' etu ' asmatihomu l a- ' e l l a ' asmayu ba-we ' etu ? ab ' .
4 . Mannu nagast ' e l l a ta?ab e ' omu ' Abreham?
5.
' Arkabo ' Eg z i ' abJ;ter l a- ' Abreham bezuxa newaya westa Geb .
w
' Aw1e' omu mak annen la- ' emuntu s ab ' wa- ' aqt al omu qedma kW e l lu
5.
7.
6.
Qoma westa ' anqa? a hagar wa-t ase " elomu l a- ' e l l a xal afu ba' enta
hezb .
,
8 . A\vl ada bezuxa weluda wa- ' awaleda, wa-bazxa z amadu ' ern-kal e ' an
weludihu .
Sa ' al kewwo ' a?fa za- ' a ' qabkewwo xabehu wa- ' i -wahabo l i t a .
w
8 . ' Agbarana zanta mak annen ' ekuy .
7.
9.
12.
13.
' na? a zata hagara wa- ' emze ' anbarana westet a .
'Andada nadda ' e s s at wa-wadaya kWe l l o ma?aJ;teftina westetu .
Ment-nu tergW arnehu l a- zentu mes l ?
' Anaru m ngal a hagar wa-re ' yu ' abiya nadda ' es sat za- ' arga
' emenneha. westa samay .
3.
' Anse ' ewwomu l a-dewuyan wa- ' am?e ' ewwomu xabehu ' anqa? a beta
maqdas .
4.
5.
' A ' rafku westa we ' etu makan wa- ' emze horku ka ' eba westa feno t
mang a l a bah y .
' Anb:1 h l l
7. : 1 T1 t
9 . F annawo Nox l a-Sem waldu mes l a sega ' abuna ' Adam , wa- ' anbaro
ba-ma' kala medr ' enta ye ' et i westa , Iyarusalem .
1 0 . N as ' o Sem l a-MaIka gedeq ' ern-beta ' abuhu , wa-marJ;tomu mal ' aka
, Egzi ' abryer ' eska baJ;tu Sal emha ; wa-t asayma MaIka gedeq kahena ,
wa-nas ' a ' a ' bana wa- ' a ' raga dibehomu maswa ' t a ba-xebest wa-wayn
za-warada l otu ' em-samay kama t e ' merta mes ! ira egg addas .
11.
Wa- ' am e ' u mal a ' ekt s i s aya l a-MaIka edeq , wa-kona l eb su ' anada
wa-qenatu za-ma ' s ; wa-nabara heyya wa-t ale ' k a qedma sega ' abuna
,
Adfun xaba taJ;tana me ' rafu .
1 2 . W a- ' ama
tamay!a ' Abreham ' em-?ab ' , ' em-dexra mo ' a nagast a,
x<l l rt fa ' enta xaba hagara Salem ( z e-we ' etu ' Iyarusalem b n k anw
w
t crg 1i.mChomu la-lab ibanina) , wa- ' aqr aba l otu MaIka cdcq ( Z Il
l
w ay " a ,
WlI
122
123
a s o ur examp l e s shO\" .
Lesson 2 8
28. 1
28 . 3
ence .
in me
bfma
in us
beka
in you (m . s . )
bekemu
in you (m . p l . )
Bo ma:y/maya .
There is water.
beki
in you ( f . s . )
beken
in you ( f . p l . )
There is no bread .
bo, botu
in him
bomu
in them (m . )
in her
28 . 4
in them ( f . )
In thes e forms the prepos it i on may have i t s p l ain meaning (by , with ,
in) or one of the special meanings treated in the fol lowing p ara
28. 2
Ba- I ndicating P o s s e s s i on .
\V; Lh
za-
I ldy
1 1 1 1'
1111
l' l t 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 11
Beya warqa.
I h av e gold .
Bomu xebesta.
Bekemu haymanota.
I f the p o s s e s s or is a noun,
r n I II
( (III
1 1 1 . 1 , I I
1 11<'
St
"1"1",
1 11 0
p a rt i c u l a l
no
I t I ' , w I I II
0110)
no one found my go l d
L l lll l"Il
nte
notlt l llE
one
anti c ipat ed .
We have no wat e r .
Tense i s
qatalu.
28 . 5
j . . :;ction) ' enbala or za-' enbala i s frequent ly correl ated with ' albo
dative sens e :
'J
beya
ba., bati
grap h s .
The
th i n g
p e r'sul l ; ! 1
He had no son .
p u s s ,,, .;(d
VI' I"I ,
III:IY h l'
i n
We have here on l y [j ve
l oave s .
He saw only h i s
(v
I'll .
124
125
Our examp l es
Othe r :
' enba la/za' enbala prep . (with pron . suff . -e-) without , except for,
excepting .
P roper Names :
' albena) , be' sito (obj ct o f re' ya) , and maya (obj ect o f wahaba) .
( i n Egypt) .
prepos it ion (He s aw no one but me) and as a conjunct ion (No one was
there but I ) .
V ocabul ary 28
3 . B eka-nu berura?
Nouns :
sa' n (p I . ' as' en, ' as' an, ' asii' en) shoe , sandal .
totan (p l . -at) thong , l ace ; totana sa' n sho e l ace , s anda l -thong .
'aq (p I . ' a '?uq , -iit) m . f . branch ; palm branch .
Verbs :
I I . Konana s amani
tawaggara to be stoned .
Gt tawagra
12.
Dt
Gt taganza p as sive .
CG
xasasa to s eek , look for ; to deman d , require ( from : ba-xaba , ' emenna) ;
t o s tudy, pursue d i l i gent l y .
(to s eek for one ' s s e lf) .
( as a remainder) .
mes la) .
anoth e T .
'
'
G t taxadga p as s i ve
2 0 . Beka ' abiya s ema b a ' ent a za- abib ' ant a .
B . l . Q eywat z a- l a- ' al am
2 . s ayf za-bo qat al kewwo
3 . ' a ' uq za-bat aku ' em- ' e
4 . ' aq z a-wadqa d i b a betena
w
5 . q as l wa- ' aq z a - wagaru w e s t a ' es s at
8.
W
' Ayx z a-IIlal ' a miiyu westa k e l lu medr
126
9 . badn za- ganazewwo ba- ' albas sannayt
1 0 . warazut ' e l l a t arfu ' em-zentu s ab '
1 1 . za-tarfu maefta ' abawina
1 2 . z a-wagaro wa-qat alo nabiy
1 3 . ' as a ' en za- ' anada xer
1 4 . s ab ' ' el la ' atrafa ba-ma' kal a hagar
1 5 . wald za-xasasewwo wa- ' i -rakabel';wo
C . l . B o za-wagarewwo ba- ' eban wa-bo za- ' i -wagarewwo .
fenot .
5 . Wa- ' emdexra ganazeffivo la-badnu, qabarewwo mes l a ' abawihu .
6 . Wa-soba tabatka s ayfu ba- ' e dal.;ihu , wa_gW ayya ' em- ab ' .
7 . ' Albo z a- xasasu z a ' enba l a weludihomu .
8 . ' A lbo za-tarfu za' enbala ' el lontu s edestu s ab ' .
La-ment xadaggana west a zeku makan?
9.
II
xas ar a .
1 4 . Tabakayna ' esma taxadagna wa- ' i -konana sisaya wa-maya.
1 5 . Bo za- ' amnu ba-qalu wa-bo za- ' akadewwo .
1 6 . Bo za-t arnayt a westa ' Iyarusalem wa-bo za-nabara west a Bab i lon .
1 7 . Soba s arn ' a negus zanta, ' agnazo 1 a-badnu la- zentu qeddus wa-
1!
[I
'I
I
I [,
ZII I III
' ai: zah ' e l l a tamaytu west a hayrnanot wa-ba ' enta
I n d 1 ' :, , 1 1 1
1; :1
ha ' e l l L a
za- xadagomu .
127
motu l a - Barnab as bora Marqos xaba Petros
hagara Rome
wa-kon a lotu rad ' a, wa-ba- heyya aafa wange l o za-tar W
g ama lotu
Pero s (westa l esana ' Afrenj ) , za-sabaka botu westa
hagara Rome.
IVa- ' emdexra- ze ora ba-te ' z aza ' E gz i ' ena ' Iyas u s
Keres tos ( I otu
s ebat) wa-ba- t e ' z azomu 1 a-awareyat westa hagara
' Eskend ery5,
wa- s abaka westet a ba- wange l qeddus .
2 3 . ' J:mdcxr a
128
129
Les s on 2 9
29 . 1
F or
examp l e ,
Who did thi s ?
inserted :
(za- )
thi s ?
Thi s trans format ion i s frequent with interrogative adverbs as
we l l as pronouns :
where . . . ?" " I t was how . . . ?" are too ungainly in Eng l i s h ; more i d i o
mati c would be "Where w a s i t that . . . ? " "Why was i t that . . . ?"
29 . 2
I ndefinite Pronouns .
The s e gen-
I
I
f\
ltlO r t '
lit 11111
\ 11111 ' 1 1 : 1 1
I I
1II" lt l o- lt i .
I H , }" I I I I t i l
I ',
, I ( 'I I
S ll \
1110 ,
I:or
,E
l lu-ke za-yecrakkwes'ewwo
la-ezb .
' akko
and -ni to mannu or ment produces the equival ent of the Eng l i sh in-
. .
'
A lthough these are emphat l c construc t 10ns
, the trans l ations " It was
,
becomes
On
mannu -hi.
received .
i s used al so to negat e phras es in gener
a l , o ften
when t h ere i s an e l l i p s i s :
, I1 m l <ckll
!1I'l/rll,I<C1L
{,I,, '
e i ll,
lJa
I/r ( h" it l ll
' , t/c k"
He i s the G o d of t h e 1 i v i n !
lind
n o t what r wn n t .
lV , , " 1
II"d
131
130
had' a to
Gt
takasta p as s ive .
moqea Q to put into chains , bonds ; to put into p ri s on .
to be bound in chains , to b e cast into prison .
Qt tamoqea
CQ ' amoqe,a to
Note finally that ' akk0-h u and ' akko-nu , l ike ' a Zbo-nu , may b e used
t o convert a s t atement into a question expecting a posit ive answer :
D i d you not sow good seed in the
s leeps .
tenawwem.
q u i. et
f i e l d?
Other :
heyyanta (with pron . suff. -13-) prep . in the p l ace o f , i. n s t ead u r .
Vocabulary 29
I 1I 1 I
0 ('
I l l ..
Exer c i s es
Noun s :
maC < at m . f . wrath .
ra ?ebura to work c l ay .
? ebur/qebur c l ay , mud . CG ' asba
ounc e; narr ativ e , story , acco unt ; pron
zena. (p l . -t) m . f . news , repo rt
ment .
;
spec ifi c t ime of or for an even t
gize (p l . -yat ) m . f . t ime : ( 1 ) the
in
uent
freq
tive sens e . Very
( 2 ) t ime in a more gene ral dura
ba-) gi e
gize at that t ime
s et phrases : we' eta gize , ye' eta
even ing et c . ; ba-gzehu a ts/
geba./me set e t c . in the morn ing/
ely, stra ight way ; ba-k e l. Zu
the prop er t ime; ba-g izeh a imme diat
i on b efore
is a l s o equi vale nt to a conj unct
v
gize alway s. G;ze
e . g . gize ?awwa <kani when you
verb al c l ause s : I,.'hen , when ever "
the compounds ba-gize, ' emsummo ned me . The sam e ; s t rue for
lega l
.
, s crut l' ni z e (acc . dir . obj . ) ;
hatata to inve stig at e , exam lne
. Gt tatata pass ive .
sens e : to ques tion , inte rrog ate
) . CG
to rule (ove r: Za-, Z a < Za, diba
nagsa to become king , rule r ;
dl' r. ob) . ) king (ove r : Za- ,
' angasa to make ( some one : acc .
7.
8.
1 1 . S oba had ' at ma " atu, nas sea ba' enta za-gabra .
12.
13.
Was saka sebura diba ebur wa-gabra sal ast a newayat a sannayata
eqqa.
19.
20 .
'
Dengel
y a ' IIIlI ru
111(' 1 1 1 11 - 1 1 ;
' (,I11:l
132
133
2.
' ekuyan .
'n
' Akko b a - s ema ' Eg z i ' aber z a - gabra zant a , ' al I a ba-man1i.fes t
r
t
I;
I
w
S . Tawehba l ana zentu wangel l a - k e l lu g i ze .
6 . Ba- g i z e t afara medr ' i -hal l aw a aay wa- warx west a s amay .
zentu b e ' s i z a-wadayu westa moqe ' a l I a k al e ' anihu .
w
8 . M e s lekemu ' ana ba-k e l lu gi z e .
7.
,
j'
' Akko
' Albo t a ' amera wa-mankerata z a ' enbala ' em-xaba ' E g z i ' aber .
19.
' A ' kaya diba ' axawihu wa- ' amoq eomu westa beta moq e , wa-nabaru
heyya salasta warxa.
2 0 . Ta awwe ' a zentu nabiy xaba negus b a ' enta za-dawayat walattu
eqqa fadfada .
C.
w
1 . Wa- s oba hatatewwomu mak anent , ' a ' t awewwomu .
2 . Wa- ' ama s abaka ba-wangel w e s t a Rome , tamoqea .
s . Z e -we ' etu z a - t akast a ba-mawa ' e l ihu l a- z entu nabiy rnaaf.
6.
7.
8.
9.
' Akko b a ' enta- z e za-t afannoku l akernu , ' a l I a b a ' enta mashaf z a
rakabkernu we s t a b e t a maqdas .
11.
' Ab e ' o westa betu wa- ' ar ' ayo walatto za-motat .
12.
l a - '.l c z h
13.
l ak n::t .
1 34
135
Lesson 30
The Infinit ive :
30 . 1
Form .
qatte 'lo
qate lo
Gt
taqate'lo
Ot
taqatte lo
Lt
taqatelo
Qt
CG
' aqte lo
CO
' aqatte lo
CL
' aqate'lo
CQ
W
targ emo
W
tatarg emo
W
' atarg emo
-0
-0
dagama
h ave qeti l :
syl l ab l e may optional ly be rep l aced by -e- with roots I I -W/Y and 1 1 1 The fo l l owing l i s t
ncibir
to s i t
sehit
to err
warid
gabir
t o do
ma?i'
to come
rarig
to ascend
basih
to arrive
qawim, qawem
s ayi , sayep
to s e l l
xasis
to s e ek
mehir
to teach
bakiy, bakey
t o weep
se' i l
to ask
to descend
to stand
re' eyot-
et c .
30 . 2
The I nfinitive :
Uses .
kehla
to be ab le
ras ra
se' na
to be unab l e
farha
ka'l' a
xadaga
to stop (doing)
' abaya
Examples :
" I I II l it"
forehand .
Dagama ma?i' a (or ma? ' a ) .
He came again .
lot .
1 ate .
qatiloto
The i n f i n i t i ve s o f
Jle
()tt
fl l ' r l vl'd I , ,
We worked togethe r .
to see
I arrived fi rst ,
infin i t i v e
to do again, continue to do
an
to do j oint ly , together
W/Y .
xcibra
t h e P erfect (us ing taqatala for Gt verb s ) with -e- and to add the
When pronominal suffixes are added to any infinitive in
forgot to r eturn .
refused to f l ee .
Ras a r ku gcibi' a.
ending
W
' A /)ayku g ayeya.
as
ge
I'u l l ch I I I I J L a k l'
They refused to ki 11
may
s u f [ j X l' S
h im.
i ll' t l Sl'd
I II
137
w h a t e v e r ca$e
j oint l y , together .
inf . :
Not e ,
Gt takeh"la ( 1 )
ab l e .
se' na to b e unab l e .
p er s ona l :
Both
Gt
I i :
swi ft , quick .
lvo rd ,
" 1 1 1i
t h i l1! ,
stor l e;
: ) ; t o share something ( a c c . dir . obj . )
i l l i" i ll i L i v c
to do
17.
18.
16.
2 2 . La-ment ' abayka s awi ' a la- ' E gzi ' aber ?
fepun adj .
.
14.
15.
G l t taqadama to go/come
out to meet .
coordinated verb :
nated) .
obey.
A. 1.
8.
Q l t tag anadaya
takeh"la and tase' na may t ak e p e rsonal obj . suff . in the dat ive
s ens e :
V erb s :
mes"la) .
do i n g .
for examp l e , weiz current , f l ow , ' amin faith , b e l i e f , ' a' mero know l
Vocabul ary 30
26 .
2 7 . S e ' nu
n.
' em - s cl i u l' ,
to
eI(' I : I y
I II
1 38
l39
2 9 . Z a ' cnb a l a ' al bas s annayt ' i - keh e l na gani zoto l a-b adnu .
30 . ' I - kehe lna kal i ' otomu wagiroto l a-we ' etu nab i y .
3 l . ' Ab ayu t aameqo ba-xaba Yohannes .
3 2 . S e ' nu ' a ' refo heyya.
3 3 . S e ' enna ' at fe ' oto l a- nadda ' es sat .
3 4 . Kehlu t as affewo Qeywat z a - l a - ' al am .
iJ
I!
37.
I'
13 .
45 .
11 6 .
' Abiy ' a 'merotu ' em- ' a ' merotena fadfada .
'
10.
"
1 4 . Tanagarana b a ' enta t amayeotomu l a- ' ah z ab west a ' amina ' E gz i ' ena.
W
1 5 . ' I - g andaya mo tu .
W
1 6 . G andaya gabru gabi ' a h agar a .
W
1 7 . Xabru 1 1i ' l oya l a - q at i l o t eya , \va-bahtu kehe l ku g ayeya
' elll c I l l ll' ! t OIllLl .
h l l l l i '.; (1
' n hy a t a
I)add i s a .
1 9.
X abra nagaru mes l a zena z a - s amii ' na ' em-ma l ' ak a negu s ,
20 . La-ment ' axbarkemu z anta a ' ota ' ekuya mes la ' Eg z i ' abQer wa
betu?
140
141
c l ear l y bel ongs to the subordinate phars e :
Lesson 31
31 . 1
Nabiro J lyasus
is formed a perfective act ive part iciple which is infl ect ed for per
The bas i c s t em may be der ived , for a l l prac
qati Z
Gt
taqati Z
CG
' aqti Z-
qatti Z
qat i Z
Ot
taqatti Z-
Lt
taqati Z
Qt
CO
J aqatti Z-
CL
J aqati Z-
W
tar'g im_
W
tatar'g imW
J atar'g im-
CQ
There i s the same optional v ariation b etween -e- and -i- i n G verbs
Za- a lone :
Qati Zeya beJ s e (or : Za-be J s i )
l ayayku .
they ( m . ) , having k i l l ed
qatiZa
she , having k i l l ed
qati Zon
they ( f . ) , having k i l l e d
qati Zaka
you (m . s . ) ,
qati Zaki
you ( f . s . ) ,
qati Zeya
I , having ki l led
"
"
you (m . p I . )
qati Zaken
you ( f . p l . ) ,
qati Zana
we , having k i l l ed
meaning with trans itive act ive v erb s ; i f the verbal stem i s p a s s ive ,
Gt
A noun subj ect is added appos itional ly to the appropriate 3rd person
form . ,
In EngJ
i s h wo l o nd
Lo
sL ( 1 I 1d
ii',
1< '
/I
, 1 11 1 1 "
They found me s e ut od ( I I I .
r i l l I I ';
( lit . it h aving co l l a p s ed ) .
After our city was dofeuL od , wo
fled .
pos s i b l e trans l ation value s , but only because of the part i cu l ar verb
u s e d ; our s econd examp l e above coul d not be tran s l at ed "They found
his house co l laps ing . "
The Perfective Acti ve P art i c ip l e is not negated .
An equivalent
f l ud .
( as an absolute) :
"
qati Zakemu
t h e accusativ e :
qati Zomu
he , having ki l l ed
as was found in the infini t ive with various unsound root typ e s .
qatiZo
C 2 and C ) :
nagaromu
An obj ect noun may be expre s s e d with the s imp l e accu s at ive or w i t il
Nouns :
I,-vl/'(iI(J-;;!I/-;;
I 2
1 4 :'
I I.
gabra saZama
La cZehu saZam
Verbs :
' as ara to t i e up , bind (ace. dir . obj . ) ; to t i e ( something : ace . ) to
fata to unt i e , loo s en , open (ace. dir . obj . ) ; to l et loo s e , set free
CG ' aftea
' axaza to s e i z e , grasp , hold (acc. dir . obj . or ba-) ; to take capt ive ;
CG
G.
D t tamattara
Gt tamatra p as s ive .
Gt .
Other :
Qemma, ?emmita, ba-?emmit
; /1 ,
'.
1
A.
. /
7 . ' As iromu ab l a wes t a kesadu , wasade,,\;o ' enta fenot kama l ahm .
8 . Hadi ' o nafas , takeh lomu ' ari ga westa amaromu .
9 . X adigo ' abahu wa- ' emmo , xabra mes l a we ' etu be ' s i qeddus .
1 0 . lI'agiromu xa?awentihomu diba medr, ' abayu wa i ' a s ab ' a .
1 1 . Tabatiko ' a?q za-nabara dibehu, wadqa diba medr wa-taqat l a .
1 2 . Tas e ' nani nabira h eyya ba- s a l am ' esma ' i- ' afqaruni ezb wa' alllanclahun i
'AI
I i i 1l1 i "
' l' l i l l u lV u s L a
'
I IlO
\V[I
' i -menta-ni .
4 . ' A?ni 'o l ebbo , t aqawamornu wa-rno ' ornu .
5 . lI'ai ' ornu west a m edr, tawal adu wa-mal ' ewwa .
15.
mattaI'a
I II .
w
7 . Tafi 'on ' ahgurina, taxal afna heyya wa- zeyya ba-k e l lu rnedr .
8 . Taqaribornu, wal adat lotu wal da sannaya.
9. Sami ' ana l a-qal at ihu , t ak aJ:!adnahu wa- ' awa ' nahu ' em- xabena .
1 0 . Tabawi ' o west a ma' kalomu , ' asatomu ' em-haymanot rete 't .
1 1 . Tasadido ' exuya ' em-makanu , tasat afke;o ba-beteya wa-banewayeya .
1 2 . Tasana' iwana, t ak ayadna kidana babaynat ina .
1 3 . F.airo be' s e ba- ' ams a1 u , s amayo serna ' Adamha.
1 4 . Taqat i 1 0 sutafehu , ' i -keh l a nagisa la ' l a ezbu .
1 5 . ' Exi zornu ' asyeft ihornu ba- ' edawihomu , ' afanu wa-wa ' u s ab ' a .
1 6 . Tafatiho mawaqeihu , t ans e ' a wa-gW ayya ' em- xaba ' e l l a ' axazewwo.
1 7 . Taqadimomu war az ut , ta' axazu mes 1 ehomu ba-ab ' ' eska meset .
1 8 . Tabaieya we ' et a be ' se ba-qedma makwannen , tafatahku meslehu
ba ' enta nel;ay ' ekuy za-setan i .
144
145
( 2)
L e s s on 3 2
32. 1
The Imperfect :
A l l verb s have
and a few of the derived verbal type s ( e . g . CG) have , in add i t ion ,
verba l nouns and adj ectives of a fairl y regular and predi ctab l e forma
t ion which should be l earned as p art of the verbal system i t s e l f .
In
thi s and the fol lowing l e s s ons we shal l take up thes e remaining forms
of the verb , beginning with the G verbs from s ound root s .
The Imperfect s t em o f the G verb has the pattern -C aC C eC - ;
l 2 2 3
i n f l e ct i on i s by means of prefixes and suffixes :
yenahber
he wi l l s it
yenabberu
they (m . ) w i l l s i t
tenahber
she wi l l s i t
yenahbera
they ( f . ) w i l l s i t
tenabber
you (m. s . ) wi l l s i t
tenahberu
you (m . p l . ) wi l l s it
tenahberi
you ( f . s . ) w i l l s i t
tenahbera
you ( f . p l . ) wi l l s it
' enahber
I shal l s i t
nenahber
we shal l s i t
y:
32. 3
yenahbebu
tenahbebu .
- i ni/-eni
-eyya
-Cmi
-ewwo
- ki
.. .
-am.
-ahu
-ewwa
-ah
etc .
32 . 2
I I )
yeqa t te lani
I n t i l ' l ' l ' l I. 1 ( 1 I 1
yeqattel&.ka
1 1 1 1 1 1 1' , ,
yeqatte l&.ki
yeqattelo
he \; i. l l
sit.
etc.
t h o suhj e c t
s tructio ns :
t h y
lind o i J j o c l
l eJ
for the
h i m owny .
('on
I lIIp c r fect .
there .
S t ems ending in a consonant take the same suffixes as the 3rd person
yeqatte l :
yenahb er heyya.
etc.
-uki
He s at speakin g .
to -u :
whi l e)
to -a :
'j
"I
"" ; i , "
He u s ed to s it there .
to -i :
(,.'1 1 1 1
pendent use of the Imperfect is with the conj unction ' enza (when ,
When the second and third root consonants are ident i cal , the
( I "" " .
Cf.
r emarks a t end of 26 . 2 .
yenahbu
he was ( i s , wi l l be)
s i tting .
Tho
I"
I I , , , . . , I I . . . ..
I .
I l f'
" l w l I \
.1111
I I I ,, , .
1 " , ( 1 , " I i 1 1 11
11"
" , . ". 1 0
1 4 (,
147
act ion or s i tuat ion during whi ch or along with which the action of
the main verb occurs . Becaus e ' enza o ft en immedi ately precedes the
verb o f its c l ause, the transpo s i t ion o f other el ements of the depend
ent c l ause for emphas is may p l ace them before ' enz a :
Rakabo westa maqQber ' enza yenabber.
5.
6.
7.
9.
the tombs .
Vocabul ary 3 2
10.
11.
12.
13.
14 .
15.
Nouns :
' aragawi ( f . - t ;
16 .
CG
kebur ( f . kebert)
glorious etc.
w
rak sa to b e uncl ean , impure , po l l uted, contaminated ; bad ( i n genera.
w
CG ' ark asa to pollute , cont aminate , defi l e . rekus ( f . rekWest)
un c l e an etc .
fa lasa to s eparat e , go away , depart , emigrate ; to s ecede , sp lit o ff
remove .
Other :
18.
19 .
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Trans l ate the fo l l owing relat ive c l auses with Eng l ish nominal or
adj ectival express i ons .
( fo I l . by Imperfect) .
1.
2.
3.
' e
l l a q adamuna
8 . za-yesaddedana
E xercises
' 1\ 1 1 >0
miracles .
6,
wa-kana saba and when (fol lowed by P erfect or Imperfect) ; and whi l e
B.
17.
gi z e .
1 2 . za
1 .1 .
' (' 1 1 ; 1
1 1 .
)'I') ; 1 1 1 1 l e l U
7.1
' abdenta
y, rat t C'n
I ,Ill
C.
149
1.
Lesson 3 3
2.
33. 1
The s tem of
S,
Tarexiwomu masakew, bo ' a ' abiy nafas wa- ' a fe ' a berhanata .
' Akko qalatihu za- ' akbaro ' al Ia gebarihu .
type and SUbjunctives with -e- , and between those of the gabra type
7.
' E sma s e ' enna ' awe ' o manafest rekusan ' em-w e ' etu makan ,
6.
xadagnahu.
w
8. ' Akko sis ayomu za- ' ark asomu ' al I a qalatihomu .
9 . Nagarani zentu qeddus kama ba- salus yefal les ' em-zentu ' alam ,
10.
12.
IS.
qadami .
Tas adidomu ' em-hagaromu, t afal asu ' em-beer westa beer .
16.
17.
18.
subj . :
dagama
:l nd
yebtek
qadama
yedgem
qarba
subj . :
y eqdem
y eq r'((f,
falasa
yefles
qatala
yeqtc l
fatara
yefer
gabra
yegbar
rakaba
w
rak sa
ganaza
yegnez
sabaka
yelll);"k
kabra
yekbar
sadada
yeaded
kasata
yekset
sakaba
yeakab/y(miwh
nababa
yenbeb
sagada
yesged
nabara
yenbar
t}adqa
y e t}daq/ye t} deq
nadda
yended/yendad
takala
y e t7<e l
nagara
yenger
tarfa
y etraf/ye tref
nags a
yenges/yengas
pabba
y epbab/yefbeb
qabara
yeqber/yeqbar
zakara
yezker
The inflection of the Subj unctive i s exactly l ike that of the I mper
fect :
yeqte Z
teqtel
teqte Z
teqte Zi
) eqte Z; yeqteZu
yeqte Za
teqtelu
etc.
Suffixes are added as t o the I mperfec t , with the exception of those
of the 2nd person when added t o a s tem ending in a consonant .
. I
;j
I
' :/I
'!
I
They
are added directly t o the Subj unctive stem without an int erveni n g
yeqte lka , yeqte Zki ; yeqte Zkemu , yeqte lken.
I
[The Tradi t i on
has
the
or
"
''';1 ' II
-a- :
15 1
150
I.
"
I'r
I,
il '
I'
;1, 1
I' I
' Enger.
Let me speak .
TerkabeUJWo.
, I-neskab .
Other frequent
, I-tenbar zeyya.
, I-teqte lo.
Don ' t ki 1 1 h i m .
( c)
nece s s ary" :
Qarbu kama yesgedu lotu. They approached in order to bow down to him .
Quite a number of frequent verbs function virtua l l y as aux i l i ary
verbs with a fo l lowing Sub j unct ive ; e . g . faqada (to want , wi sh) ,
' axaza (to b e gin) , wapana ( t o begin) , makara (to decide to) , xadaga
(to l et , a l l ow) .
W
' eg a l ( p l . -at) col I . or s i ng . , the young o f any animal or fow l , in
W
c luding humans . ' eg ala ' emma-eyaw man , mankind .
derhem (p l . -at, darahem ) drachma, denarius ; gold or s i lver co in .
w
w
w
w
W
W W
W
x e lq Ix a lq ( p l . x e laq ) m . number, amount . ' a lbo x e lq a N there
, Axazu yesbeku.
Watanna neqrab .
We began to approach .
Verbs :
He decided to ki l l me .
f l ed ( s ha l l fl e e ) l est they
, 'i -yeri<abuni .
find me .
1 111 ' 1 1
II
\" 1 I I I
1 1 1 1 1 1 . , ., 1
HII I
I ,
I va i
111 1 \'
111
Gt tafaqda p a s s iv e .
I II III
"
I II"
I ,,
I I ,1 . 1
fi
r ayayku (' egWayyiJ kama
1 1l 1 1 l l l !
Noun s :
I.
V o c arulary 3 3
subordinate c l ause :
1 11 1 1
Afte r xadaga there i s often an ant i cipat i on of the subj ect of the
fi
lotti.
Dependent .
us .
(b)
yenerana.
The 2nd person forms with the negative ' i- are equival ent to the nega
b.
La-yeqrab .
uses
After the con j unction s (za) ' enbala and ' em-qedma, both
( a)
frequent .
I n fi n i t ives
i :;
mOTC
I II
( I kama ) .
prope r ,
we i ghed .
watana t u I l e g i l l ( , I (, c , d I
t IU,)!(! 1/, ( 1 "1 ' . ' ,
II
I II
correct ( s e c L e s s on ) .
r.
I V(' ,
1 1 1 ". 1 1 ' ) ,
1 ""'"1. 1 1 , , 1
oh j ,
01'
Gt tadalwa to b e
( I I h j , ';u f f .
subj unctive) ,
Gt
Dt ta' azzaza
153
152
p a s s i v e ; t o obey ( s omeone : Za-) .
Other :
T t t l ' t t h hl l
3.
5.
9.
1 7 . La-ment ' i -t a ' a z zazkemu l i t a s oba ' a ' markemu t e ' z a z eya?
W
1 8 . Maftew k e l lo g i z e l a - t a ' a z z e zo l a- ' egz i ' k a .
12.
19.
I .
H.
4 . Soba tn5garu mes l ena , ' i - faqadna nengeromu wa- ' i -menta-ni .
Exerci s e s
, ,
1 53
' Ayt e
z a -h a l 1 0
' I
.' H .
' I
"1.
', I l
11 " . 1 . . ,
zanta.
f'
. ,
155
154
L.e s s on 34
34. 1
The Impera
and C :
2
yenbar
Subj unctive :
Imperat ive :
yeqte Z
nebar
sit !
qeteZ
ki l l !
The Imperative i s infl e cted for number and gender , taking the same
nebar
mas c . p l .
nebaru
fern . sing .
nebari
fern . p l .
nebara
e.g.
qete Zani, qete o, qete Za; qete Zuni , qete Zewwo , qete Zewwa e t c .
[ T h e Trad i t ion d e l e t e s t h e s t ern v o w e l i n qetZani , qet Zana . ]
34 . 2
capab I c
lus t ) .
The word
fa -t;ari
aafi
The form i s usua l l y treated as a noun and may stand in construct with
" tho s e who came b efore , th e ancient s , men of o l d ; tho s e who go firs t ,
a fol l owing noun , the equivalent of the direct obj e ct in the corre
o r b e s t of anything . "
us ed adverb i a l l y :
O c cas ional l y , as a result of the verbal force of the form, the accu s a
t iv e is u s e d :
nadday , e tc . ) .
I III'
, ' ( lIIlIIl' H I
1 ' 1 1 1 1':1 1
f'
nadadi burn ing, b l a z ing ( l imi ted to such i t ems as fire , \;rath ,
common qataZ t) , an agent noun denot ing one who performs , usua l l y
()
speech , rational .
d ',
fatare medr
"I
Obj ect suffixes of the 1 s t and 3rd persons are added as to the Sub
j unct ive and Imperfe ct :
a rc s i d u l l L
If
gabbar foreman
156
157
Vocabul ary 34
Nouns
and
1 0 . N C g C T' l l l l i
Adj ectives :
sab '
12.
' I - t e zbeo , ' e sma be ' s i rat e ' wa-xer w e ' etu .
13.
' I -tegdef maaefta za- botu qala ' E gzi ' aber.
14 .
14.
ma" at nadadit
s a l astu tarafeyan
gabarta salam
3.
15.
sadade Kerestiyan
16.
faare samay
4.
maaefta qadamt
1 7 . fa.tarina
B . 1 . qata l i s enu'
V erbs :
2.
or
G l t tazabata re ciprocal .
zabati ruffian ,
fighter .
7rldafa (yegdef) to throw , cast ; esp . to throw away, d i s card ; to l o s e
Qt
tawawa pas s iv e .
Other:
qadimu adv . first , at first , previou s l y , b efore thi s ; ' em-qadimu i dem
5.
l iqana gabbar
1 8 . qadame warazutikemu
6.
gabare b ert
1 9 . qadamihu l a - ' a l am
7.
makari t abib
20 .
8.
21.
22 .
23.
nabarta beeu
24 .
25 .
gabbara negus
9 . nagas l adeq
_v .
10.
mawa <eZa
2.
3.
4.
5.
Qedemani ' anta, ' esma ' i -yedal l ewani kama ' ana ' eqdemk a .
6.
' ammarkukemu .
8.
Keset l i ta za-nagaraka .
9 . Zekor i
q a l eY:1
1,;(
wareza zabati
' Az za z a zanta ama l a ' l ena b a ' enta xati ' aten a .
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
E xercises
A. 1 .
s abaki nababi
(lCl,;awa Q/L to t ake c aptive , l ead away capt ive , deport , exi l e .
, 1 '1
x\el tt:1
8.
9.
Dewawewwomu
l a - hezb
westa hagara Bab i lon , wa-mes H'!homu
.
.
' Eremeyas nabiy .
12.
13.
1 4 . W:l
soba re ' y a ' abuha ' esma ansat wal attu, tam' e ' a fadfada wa
' c l fi mannu z a - gabra zanta .
L as e '
I I' .
158
159
1 6 . Tagabe ' u kWe l l omu tarafeyan b a - ' aadu makan , wa-tamakaru b a ' enta
z a-yegabberu .
1 7 . Nakir w e ' etu ga??u l a - z entu ' aragay ; ' em-beer ba<ed we' etu .
1 8 . ' Aflasomu l a-ezbena wa-ewawomu we sta medr nakar wa- nawax .
1 9 . ' Arxiwa xoxta beta, gadafat kW e l l o newaya westa fenot .
2 0 . Setu ' egWalomu la-kahenat , ' el l a so ' ewwomu maswa ' t a l a - t a ' ot .
w
2 1 . ' Ark asu manafesta mewutan z anta makana .
2 2 . Rakabku t. eraza, wa-dibehu qalat nakart z a- ' i -kehelku ' anbeb o .
W
2 3 . Wadiqa westa , egarl' hu 1 a-rnak annen , s a ' al ato h. eywata walda .
24 . ' Andadu nabartihu beto , wa-nasi ' omu warqo gW ayyu .
Lesson 35
35 . 1 The Verbal Adj ect ive QetuZ . In our previous d i s cussion
of the adj e ctive we noted that the pattern qetu Z is the one most 1'r ('
quently used in deriving adj ect ives from stat ive G verbs . i\dj ec t l vo"
o f the same patt ern are derived also from transitive act i ve G V l ' r!".
and from many intrans it ive active ones as wel l . The under l y i l1 g v o l "
of the form depends entirely on that of the verb from whi ch I I I ' . I "
rived :
( a)
25 . Soba bo ' a we' etu sabak i westa ' anqaa hagar , t abatka totana
sa' nu, wa-xasasa gabare ' asa ' en kama yegbar lotu kal e ' a .
,
2 6 . Nagirana zena em- ent , t an Vs-a ' n a wa-xasasna makana hedu ' a kama
resulting from
verb .
1 1:
j.
il I
!
:IC t i O i l
0I
1 /1 1 '
10
cq u i v ; l l l' l I l
part i c i p l l' :
seated , sitting ,
Stative verbs :
s e l l / (,d
s ituated ,
rc-
already discus s ed .
As with al l verbal adj e ctives in Ethiopi c , the frequency of these
forms i s somewhat l ow because of the preference for relative c l auses
with finite verbs .
qebul'
buried
fe U1'
created
qetuZ
s l ain
gebul'
sedud
m a t e r i a l s ) ; do n e ,
.: h
', 1 11 1 "
betuk
..
h ('
the
I t i s o ft en
a perfect active
hagar , xal afat qedmehu ' ahatti b e ' sit ' aragayt Kerestiyanawit ,
- . Wa-nas ' a
- 1 a s h awareya
wa-me s l eha ' aadu eraz ' em-ma?a fa Paw
.
la-ye ' eti eraz , wa- soba ' anbaba, rakaba westeta qal a nakira
ma?afa , wa- ' anbabo lVa- ' ane 'o ba-l ebbu , wa- ' amna ba- ' E gz i ' ena
2 9 . Wa- ' enza we ' etu qeddus ba- ' aatt i ' el at yenabber westa ' anqa? a
Iorat wa- ' am e ' a t 10tu saHis a erazata kal e ' ::ita , wa-wahaba
' arba ' t a derhema warq . Wa- ' emze fannawato xaba beta Kerestiyan .
Heyya xasasa kW e l l o mashafa xaba ' aJ:tadu ' em-kahenat , wa-wahabo
" , I
part i c ip l e .
(b)
derhema warq wa- ' azzaza kama terkab za-tarfa ' em-zentu maaf .
I H ' 1' 1
genu,:::
"" ,Viii I
ma J e , f i n i s h ed
I' rl ' p a rt ' d
1 1 l 1 .... ( ) V(,' t'pd
1 "" 1"
:/, ' 111.1 '
(II
1 / 1 1 1 ' 10/ 1 1 ,
fa I '
1 1 1 1 1'
1 1111
, h/l l " :
, 1 1 ., . 1 1 1 1 1 " . 1 .
I ,
I ""1t I
I II i
p l an t ed ;
i mp l an t e d ,
f i x. e d
::" /'" /
np" 11
1 1 1 1 1 1\\1 1 1
I f l ', l ,
""
,," , " ,
; I\ ,"" I \, ,
I " I '-!
,d
( ,"
b (' ; l l e n
111 ( ' 1 1 1 I
n l H' d
"III C 1 11 1 1 1 f I
1'1 I
160
161
pemuq
fequr
(b)
fjom ezunu.
/orku J;zezuneya.
Rakabewwo eyawo.
Rakabomu J;zeyawanihomu.
bapt i z e d
b eloved
11
lying down
V erbs :
v i rtue , ex
Stative verbs .
" 1
I'
iI
35 . 2
s aw
lid
J I'l I 1
VI'
/I I !lll"
IV
i I II
:1
p e r s on a 1
pronominal suffi x :
p as s ive of C L .
warx
I t looks l ik e the
I remained at
home (while) i l l .
(b)
( a)
( : I C <: . ) .
qW arra/qW arara to be cold , cool ; to cool (of anger) . CG ' aqW rara
caus . qWarir ( f . qWarar) co l d , coo l .
masala (yemsalJ t o res emb l e , b e like (acc . dir . obj . ) ; to s e e m ,
"
Nouns :
teruf
Vo cabulary 35
resi-
segud
sekub
semur
The case and suffix o f the adj e ctive depend on t h e s t atus of t h e word
dent
II
I went away s ad .
They found h im alive .
nedud
negus
qerub
He went away s ad .
kama) .
E xerci ses
3.
4 . J:lezb felusan
163
162
5 . waldeya fequr
6 , welud emuqan
7 . ' alblis geduf
"
xa!?in gebur
1 5 . gass kesut
.L 6 . ' c 1e\ s edud
17.
scm zekur
18.
be' si za-tazabpa.
C.
' A frcho1
b:t- l ebbu .
1 7.
wa - s cnu ' .
'
' clllun l l i .
wc s L
" 111
165
164
L e s s on 36
36. 1
verb a noun denoting the acti on or qual ity defined by the verbal root.
N e i ther the form nor the meaning of these nouns is comp l e t e l y pre
d i ct ab l e .
from ab
shoot) .
the G verbs from sound roots which have been introduced up t o thi s
s edda t
segdat
semrat
setqat
pemqat
zebpat
The pattern
qe t lat .
With many
The forms
qetlat
bapt i sm
beating , whipping
i ns t ances the verbal noun of the G type occurs where the verb i t s e l f
i s attested only a s C G or G t .
betkat
q.erfat
fe lsat
q.ens
feqr
gebr
feprat
the Babylonian E x i l e .
gebrat
genzat
nebrat
an
kebr
mekr
rc khn l,
, ' ( /lk( , I
P ,' ( I ,
preaching m i s s i on
to do j ustice ;
ba-?edq
The pattern
-at .
qetal :
wi sdom
The
r a t t e rn
qeta l :
1 '"I1, 1 l i n n ;
gabra ?edqa
zekr
k i l l i ng , murder
a c q l l i '; i t i on
ba
reign , rul e
? edq
I I I }:
dnlll.
in my opinion)
qWerr
(d)
Ii
thing
f i nd i ng ;
I I '.
negs
rekws
tebah
P I'<'''<
ba-(fphr
neddat
qe t la t
mekreya
form, shape
s i t t ing down; s e s s i o n ; posi t i on ; condition, s t at e ;
gebr
-at .
l i sted b e l ow are
t h e main verbal noun for the roo t s in quest ion , or at leas t , are as
po int .
(a)
ba-semrata
approval of
t i l<'
Taraj';'! l "
K i ngs)
weakness
'"
167
1 66
'i.aiJa tewo!o
( f)
la-badnu genzata
sannaya.
GanazeJo
nafiis
(g)
Noun s :
associated with G verb s , are simp ly d erived nouns and do not have the
Verbs :
qat Z
k i l l ing, murder ; a l s o :
troduced h ere are s ometimes used for derived nouns that are not felt
t o b e verbal nouns means that the meaning of no noun can b e taken for
granted on the bas is of its form a lone and shou l d always be checked
36 . 2
the
Gt taxadra to be Inhabited
'
.
CG
G l t t=adara
verbal noun may be used as the obj ect of its cognate verb in order to
add emphasi s or specifi cation .
d i d l y for burial ( l i t . a sp l en
Vocabul ary 36
Ii
faqad
nagar
qabar
taraf
3ebpata 'e?uba .
fl. .
1 . rok bat a \, a rq
" t eya
genzata badnu
168
I '
,
Ii
169
7 . fetrata al:1iy wa-warx
1 l . nebrata makareyan
1 9 . betkata h ab 1
1 3 , elmata l e I i t
1 1 . Ka1 ' una xadira b a-ma ' kal omu wa-sadaduna zeyya .
4 . Had ' at medrena ' em-qet l at wa- ' em-maq s aft b a - gi z e negsu .
1 4 . Ba' enta gebru ' ekuy wadqa ' em- k ebru wa-kona kli. ' eba iH) ' :' "
S . Menta gabra ' F. gz i ' ab er ' emdexra fetrata ' abuna ' Adam?
W
6 . Nenabber zeyya ' eska yeq arrer neddata ma " at za-westa 1ebbu .
7 . Ganazewwo genzata s annaya wa-qabarewwo ba- ' abi y kebr .
8 . N agara l a-nege s t ba' enta nebratu l a-we ' etu n egu s wa-ba ' ent a
w
kebra betu wa-k e l 1 u ge ' zu .
9 . Soba tasam ' a qal a b etkata ' a ' :;; uq , wa-rona fetuna ' em-tahta
'edaw .
naddaya .
I S . Takala t ak l a enu ' a za-haymanot westa ' al babihomu .
1 6 . Zati ama ' es eb t ye ' et i ; ' i -nefaqqed kama negbara
ba ' Oll l :1
dekamena.
17.
20.
2 1 . Xadara manfas rekus l a ' lehu , wa- ' i - faqada wa- ' i -mannu- h i
1 2 . B a ' enta ment mat arewwo ' a:;; abe 'ihu l a - z entu b e ' s i ?
w
1 3 . ' I - kehe lna taxadero mes lehomu b a ' enta rek somu .
yeqrab xabehu .
W
2 2 . G ayyu me s l a t arafa newayomu .
2 3 . ' Ama kas ata ' a ' yentihu, ' i -r e ' ya menta-ni west a e 1mat z a
n.
1 0 . Ta s a qa ' aba ' t u wa-we z a be zux dam ' em- ' edeh u .
C.
6.
8 . qabar kebur
1 0 . feqru 1 a -wa1du
6 . den s a 1 a-walattu
1 3 . t ebab tereft
J , 'i' : 1 1 1 1 1 :i y ii l
,r, .
1\
,' ; 1 \ 1 j ill
t ,t!
:./ 1
I " ' I I
",
I ,
t'
1 : " . i , 1 1I1
l,t
" 'III
' 1 " " I' I'Cl l c l i t wa- ' em-neddata aJ:!ay ba-ma' a1t.
' odat o .
kama
1 70
171
L e s s on 37
37. 1
Nouns o f P l ace :
maqbart
meC C aC ) , which usual ly deno t e s the p l ace where the action o f the
1 2 ;3
mendad
mesgad
meskab
mepnaq
man bart
of) maqta Z .
Note
matke Z
mangest
meqrab
n e ighborhoo d , v i cinity
matka Z above
O ccas i ona l l y , however, words of this pattern deve lop special i zed mean
ings which must be l e arned separat e l y :
megbar
menbab
merkab
Verbs :
37. 2
1 2
;3
manbar
marxo
( p I . ma take l ) s t ak e , peg
lV I I I , '""' 1 1 , , 1 ,
'"
I II I '
I I,
l o rm
111(/' 1 '<1 / 1
I I .. , ' . : 1 11 1 1 '
r : I I I : "
men i ngs
magnaz
v"rh,
Gt
qesfat
' , ( 1111"
J ' O l'
C G ' abraqa to
make l i ghtning .
maikaZ
Vocabul ary 37
maj c:; L y .
general
a p l ace where something is put ; res i dence , where one
a poo l i n
menbar
The
The
s eq Zat crucifix
Nouns :
Bel'''!!
I mys e l f
qatala
k j l l ed
h i m.
Eden .
( p J . - a t ) med i c i n e , herbs , et c . ; incant"t i o/l'. , ' ' I ' ' ' I i ' I .
1 i!!.;n. ll l }
demon ,
evi l s p i ri t .
jn
1Il/1)! I ,' 1 1 1 1 . 1
:W-!lilll''I1 1 1 , 1
1 '(1' I/O
IIIII ! I I ,
h L'
1 72
173
, ayanell t) o n c po sscsscd by an evi l spirit .
16.
Exerc i s e s
A . 1 . rnatkal za-xasin
2. rnarxo biHeya
' eub .
' Awc ' u alVarcyat ' aganenta ba-s ema ' E g z i ' ena ' Iyasus Kere stos
C 1 0tu sebat) .
1 4 . menbira betu
1 7 . awlVe ' omu 1a-sadadd wa- ' azzazomu kama yesdedewwo 1 a- ganen za
xadara l a ' l a wa1 du, wa-bahtu ' i-kehlu sadidoto .
1 8 . KW e l lo ' amira ' anbabu l ana ' ahada menbaba ' em-rnaJ:af ba' enta
4 . rnanbar kebur
1 9 . Sarn ' a ' E g z i ' aber 1 a - a l ota nabiyu , wa- ' asrne ' a qala
6 . mangesta sarnayat
2 0 . berhana mabraq
2 0 . awwe ' omu 1 a- ' ar' esta J: e zb xabehu wa-tas e " el omu b a ' cntn
2 1 . manfas rekus
9 . magnaz sannay
1 0 . maqabera nabiy
II .
25 . mangestata medr
2 6 . rekbata newayu
J:eywata qeddus an .
wa- ' abraqa rnabareqtihu ba-westa samay alirn.
1 8 . matkal betuk
1 9 . 'abiy rnangest
3 . Qatal ato 1 a-we ' etu be ' s i ' ekuy ba-matka1 za- ' ed .
W
iI . N enbar qeruba 1 a-mendad, ' esma waana nafas q arir nafis a .
8 . t ebaba !abiban
9 . maqbart kesut
' Emdexra ' anfasna ' em- amana , dagema ' axazna gabira .
1 1 . menbara rnasqa1
8.
ta' adawu 1 a ' l a ' E g zi ' aber, wa-we ' etu ' a z zazomu 1a-ma l a ' ektihu
kama yesdedewwomu 1 a- ' abawina ' em-westa gannat xaba makan za
se1mat .
1 0 . Tagab e ' u xaba me!maq za-qerub l a-beta negus .
1 1 . Zentu ' e9 we ' etu ' em-masqa1 z a - t as aq1a ' T yasus dibehu .
1 2 . Sequ1 J:eywateya ba-te ' z aza neguseka.
1 3 . Soba baJ:a we ' eta makana, r e ' ya k We 1 1 0mu Kerestiyana s equ1 ana
diba masaqe1 ba-t e ' zaza we ' etu negus ' e 1 ew .
1 4 . ' Emdexra seq1atu 1a-madxenena , gWayyu ' arda ' ihu kama ' i
yerkabewwomu sab ' a hagar wa-yeqse fewwomu .
IS.
e rya
r t ak i
I'a
D.
1 0 . rnetrata re ' su
6 . Taqasfu ' el lontu ezb xa! e ' an ba- ' essat wa- ' a ' ban z a-waradu
1a ' lehomu ' em- s amay .
Sakaba diba meskabu wa-tadawwaya.
9. Xadaru ' abawina qadamt westa gannat sannay fadfada, wa-baJ:tu
ma ' k u l l l
5 . 9arafi metura 1 e s an
S.
ZIt
I .
lV
t
nag au! r. u l I
may .
1 2 . 'E ub we ' etu 1 a- ' awge ' otomu
la- ' aganent .
1 3 . ' Enza dekurn ' arga wes t a
ba- ' esub .
1 4 . amarna ba-q wcrr<l I11-:1 YII
mcmaq .
1 5 . Neb5bu
d a h l'
1 74
1 75
Tile
L e s s on 3 8
38 . 1
( a)
xflbu.;;u.
Remaining Forms .
Because of the
guttural in first root posit ion , the prefix of the Imperfect is un i formly with -a- instead of -e- .
1I01l1l
.r;( 'I'I'" l i s
(c)
' amani
'aqiibi
fj.ana?i
xabazi
baker .
Imperfect
Imperative
' amna
ya' CJ1l'U71en
ye' man
' eman
, asara
ya' asser
ye' ser
' eser
' aqaba
ya'aqqeb
y e 'qab
' eqab
' arga
ya' arreg
ye' reg/ye'rag
, al!aba/ al!ba
ya 'a??eb
iJ,ana?a
yaanne
yene?
fj.ene?
hatata
yahattet
ye tet
etet
azana
yaazzen
yezan/yezen
ezan/ezen
xabra
yaxabber
yexbar
xebar
xadaga
yaxaddeg
yexdeg
xedeg
' esrat
xadara
yaxadder
yexder
xeder
' emnat
faith, b e l i ef .
yex"lef
xdef
' aman
yexses
xeses
xaZafa
yaxa Uef
xasasa
yaxasses
(b)
' emun
' esur
'equb
(1)
truth .
\lJoman . ' 1
'e?ub
Vocabul ary 36 .
enu?
xebur
j oined, associated .
xedur
r e s i d i ng ,
.J;(' I IIj'
c ro ; , . i n ,'. , p a s s i np, .
' aman ,
' ergat
atata
hazan
s adnes s , gri e f .
xebrat
xedgat
en?/en?at/en?a
xedug
dwe l l in g .
xa"lafi
'e?ab/'a?ab
xadari
(e)
Note
the -,/-
I<I
I h,
t n t -O I IW I I I I I' .
a l . 1 <
1 / "
1", , " 1
I I,,,
I"" "
1 76
177
mCr' sar
ma(qab
ma ( reg
Other :
(adi
m . testimony , t e s t i fi e r , wi tnes s .
( f)
sanita i dem .
h e re;
lIIor(',
( or night) .
Exer c i s e s
me(rag
5 . ' I -tezani , wal at teya , ' esma ' i -mot a meteki ba- s ab ' .
N ouns :
6 . La-ye tetu maaeft a egagihomu , wa- ' emdexra atatahomu 1 11 yengeruna ment a rakabu westetomu .
7 . Tagabe ' u k W e 1 10mu ' ah zaba medr kama yeQneu 'ab
iya beta 1a
nagasiho mu.
' Em- ' ayy 'aqabe wayn t asayaka z anta wayna? Xer fadfada we ' etu.
9 . R e ' eyo negus kama gW ayyu ( qabta segahu , wadqa diba s ayfu wa8.
c arabawi idem.
Gt
impropriety, turpitude .
lamma/amama (yeam/yeemJ to b e i l l , suffer i l lness , pain or d i s
tres s .
Zentu menbiib we ' etu ba' ent a ' ergatu 1a-nabiy wes t a s amay .
Masanu
xegub washed.
21 .
Dt taawwa ?a passive .
...
qata1a re ' so .
....
' (" 1 , , 1 1 . ,
I :d ,
1 7B
re ' s eka l<cs L a
ucl a
:'. 1 1
III,
I S . b e ' s i t xedegt
5.
17 .
7 . l e b s xeub ba-may
B . xasasahomu l a- h e zbu
2 0 . xafratu 1 a-negusomu
2 1 . emam ' esub l a- fawweso
9 . hanas
. i t. ab i b
.
11.
2 2 . xedbata kahenat
2 3 . xafratena b a ' en t a z a - gabarna
' e d awihu
C . 1 . B a ' ent a ment ' i - t a ' ammena beya?
2 . T a ' as s erewwo ba- ' abal enu ' .
3 . S a ' alnahu xedgata xatawe ' in a .
4 . awwe ' a J:1anae wa-nagaro mekro l a-hensata bet addi s .
5 . F at a ma' as erihomu l a - ' esuran .
6.
Sarna 'na mah t at akemu H i ' l a z entu b e ' s i , wa-bahtu ' i - r akabna
xat i ' ata botu .
10.
l l.
I I
L :t - Ifl e n t
I. , .
1 ,1 .
(;"1, ' ,,
1 " , ): : 1 1'"
1" ,("
I ',
I '
11,,
', 11, 1 1 1
I ; ! II I : I
"
I ,d "
179
1 7 . ll a ' enta ment k a l a ' kani h awwes
- n wa-emuman ?
.
. o t omu la- dewuya
' Adi sadus wa- ' axa l l e f emxabek emu .
'
lB.
1 80
181
(0)
L e s son 39
39. 1
'elra i
( a)
in the Imperfect
kad
Imp erfect
Subjunctive
Imperative
la' aka
yele" ek
yel' ak
la' ak
be ' la
lehqa
se' na
sehta
kel;!da
mahara
sa' a la
saJ:aba
kedat
lehqat
ye' xaz
ye' exxez
' axaza
fi aJ:afa
yekhal
yeke l
' axaz
kahal
-e- instead of -e- in
It i s optiona l .
qetu l :
?el;!uf wri t t en
sehut
le' uk
mehur
,
exuz
apo st l e , me s s enger
ba- or construct)
captive , h e l d ; pos s e s s ed by (e . g .
qatali :
kaadi
/(aha h
powerfu l , s t ro n g , capab l e ;
W
kahale k e Uu omn ipotent ;
m- :
mafiaf Voc . 1 1
malhe qt (co l I . ) e l ders , seni ors ( eithe
r as a s ynonym o f liqan/
liqawent or in refer ence to perso ns o l
' axawi hu malh eqt h i s o l der broth ers ) .
malhe qat, malaheqt, -at a l s o occur .
39. 2
be r z r i ch e s , we a l th .
der in age , e . g .
Voc . 5
kllh71 7/ 10_
r , I H ) . ; . " . . . .. t "
?aafi
U h' I W I
j o in ed , continuous
(e)
se' un
, r f.I'i1 : :
Vo c . 1 7
(c)
s e rvant
(f.
ya' axaz
kehla
la' k (p l . -an)
be 'ul
Perfect
(b)
reque s t , prayer, p e t i t i on
8etat
Al l verb s o f
The verbs
se' lat
t h i s root type have the s ame patterns for these s t ems , un i formly with
V e rbal nouns :
lord .
capab l e of (doing) .
The Verb
behla to s ay .
heell
yebe
he s a i d
tebe
yebelu
she said
yebela
t h oy
y o u (m . ) s ai d
tebe Zu
yllil
t h e y ( III . ) ';11 1 t I
( I . I
( III
i' l
'\lI l o J
I
.d I t I
1 B2
183
tebe Li
you
, ebe
I said
-Z
T h e l o s s o f t h e final
(f. )
s ai d
The
- Z-
you
nebe
we s a i d
(f.pl . )
said
adj e ctive
l it t l e ,
teberfJ.
reqa (yerbaq)
h e s a i d to
-e .
Glt
The
Imperfe c t ,
Subj unct i v e ,
I n fl e ct ion i s normal .
' enza
yebaZ
Sub j un ct ive :
Imperat ive :
CG
baZ
be t asty,
obj . )
p l easan t .
Gt
tabehZa
( I - s aying) :
Zehqa
r e gu l ar in format ion :
to be spoken ,
said;
tab2ihaZa
t o s p e ak
(debat e ,
(mes Za , babaynati- ,
But CG
' abaZa
to be spoken o f ,
to cause to s ay ,
d i s cu s s ,
argue)
fere
w i thout
-at)
mercy,
tamea
Gt
pity;
to t a s t e ,
( s omeone :
te 'um
t as t e ,
J aVama
CG
Za-
or obj .
tasty,
to hide ,
nahu
maQri
to give
suff . )
CG
young .
na' as
wav e ,
i n cOI1;t l'lIcl
l it t l e
causat i v e .
a young g i r l
ne' s ch i l dh oo d ,
i n fancy .
( e . )'"
11 1 ' : ; (
j $)
(e.g.
to tas t e ;
)' .
I II
111l' IT 1 1 1 1 1
ue:I I I , ) : I I I
iI('(' ,
( s ometh i n g :
.I "
Fi ''''
sweet , p l e a s ant .
(p l .
(rare ly)
"to
Dt
tasawwara
flood.
fig. ) ,
b lo s som,
ne '-
bud ;
ne 'u ,
( fern .
nesti t
(f.
ne' est)
re
f.pl .
o f an unat t e s t e d
a l itt l e ,
come !
is
*ne' is) .
used
it may be taken as
X."
Forms are m . s .
na 'a ,
f. s .
' Eg;;i'
O!
it
is
as in
I .
. .
X ,i I , i
' EgziJ o 0
K \v ,' l l olil l l '; 11 1 1 ' y (' I (' I 1 I 1 (,<[1 1 IV a -yaxa l l e fu \Ves t a me ' r a foml l .
y , " , , I.i I,/ I " 1 I
ne 'i ,
' o-negus 0
E xerci s e s
fl .
ca l l s
m.pl .
na 'a .
l i tt l e ,
a sma l l amoun t ;
now ,
It
o f what fo l
to be
smal l ,
( s p a t i a l o r temporal )
"Here ,
( in s i z e or import an c e ) ;
ne' us
b u t \v i t h
youn g .
(one who
conceal , prot e ct .
V erbs :
to be smal l ,
p i t y / 1111"
sweet t a st e , p l e a s ant t a st e .
cover over ,
a fu l l predicat i on :
m . f.
su i ' f' . ) .
obj .
t o b e s hO\m
to experience
d e l i c i ous ,
f l avor ;
or
d e l i c ious .
Za-
pity (on :
39
to h ave mercy ,
,
Other :
-h- .
(pl .
,. I
-at)
1' 1'11111
sawwara 0
l ows .
(p l .
J em-reluq
a t a d i s t ance .
name d , men
N o un s :
a cc . ) .
V o cabul ary
,
I
m. f.
to d e l a y .
( from :
d i s tant ;
g r o w , i n c r e a s e i n s i ze o r quan t i t y"
t ioned
Glt
-at)
(they - s aying) :
to
a p e r i o d of t ime or interval of sp a c e .
adv .
adv .
litt l e .
(mutual l y)
ba-reuq
l i t t l e by
put at a d i s t an c e ;
remo t e ,
t o move t o p i t y .
(p l .
have pity on ,
"
' amara
meat
Imperfect w i t h
speech :
I.
reuqa
reat
afar .
remot e ,
far away,
nestita
a sma l l vi l l age) .
baba-nestit
to remove ,
t o s eparat e
reuq
mera/maara (yemar)
yebeZ
Imperfect :
tariiaqa
anger .
-h- :
' araqa
CG
suff. ) .
w i th uniform l o s s o f
to be d i st ant ,
poral ) .
hagar nesti t
(e . g .
for a l i t t l e whi l e ;
king ! ,
L o rd !
Tt
I fill
1 85
4 . Nilxas scs kama n e l ' akka xabehu mes l a s e ' l at en a .
S.
20.
W
' Emehheraka k e l lo ma:;al}efta za -':!egg Be l it wa-':!egg ':!addi s .
"
1 0 . B awi ' an a heyya ne ' exxezo wa-na ' as sero ' egarihu wa- ' edawihu .
1 1 . ' I -yeke lu t aqawemo b a-qedma 'Am l ak kahale kW e l l u .
1 3 . Ba- sanita nek e l t aqarebo wa- t anabebo b abaynat ina.
1 4 . ' A1bo z a-teke1u gabira wa- ' i -menta-ni z a ' enba1 a qawim waC.
2 1 . ' I - tekI:adewwo 1 a- ' Egz i ' en a , ' esma ' i -ha l l awa I:eywat
za-1a-
2 2 . Sa ' a10 s i s aya wa- ' a1bas a ; ' i -tes ' a1 0 warqa.
2 3 . Nex1 ef ' em-z eyya ' emqedma ya ' axazu yezbe!un a .
Sahafu l ana ma1 ' ekta nawixa b a ' enta xe 1fat ekemu west a b aI:r .
W
2 5 . ' Eg z i ' aber ' Amlak w e ' etu za-ye' exxez k e 1 1 0 b a - ' edawihu .
24 .
1 3 . qet1ata k a0adeyan
8 . ke!:data sel.lutan
9 . ba- l chqat i hu l a- ' abuna
he '
I n \v e ' c t t l
neglls kcbul'
I II
1 I I " i l "
1 8 . t ak1 ne ' u s
1 9 . beher reI:uq
1 0.
eywat
38.
S.
,
i
W
2 8 . nestita may q ari!
zentu.
3 3 . nestita fere
34 . !a ' ma mot
32 . fere te 'um
1 2 . ' I - y ekel ' ana t aka!:edotaka b a ' enta ' amana qalat ihu .
IS .
3 1 . fere sannay
7 . ' Em-ne ' su ' i - gabra ' ekita wa-I:0ra we st a fenot rete ' t .
8 . Qomu ba- reI:uq ' en z a ' i -yefaqqedu yeqrabu .
9 . Reuq fadfada b eeru l a - z entu nakir .
1 0 . Tene " esi ' em- ' axawi ki , wa-baI:tu te!abbebi ' emennehomu .
1 1 . Ma ' a ma ' b a1 a z enam wa- ' a!fe ' a nadda ' es sat za- ' andadu .
1 2 . ' I -yegabber ' e sannay fere ' ekuya .
1 3 . MaI:arnahomu 1 a -naddayan wa-wahabnahomu sisaya .
1 4 . MeI:rana wa-marI:ana xaba betu .
1 5 . Nahu b erhan warada ' em-samay wa-maromu fenot a .
1 6 . N e ' i xabeya, wal atteya, wa- ' i - t eraqi ' emenneya .
1 7 . MaI:arana ' o -negus wa- ' i - t eqte1 an a .
1 8 . 'Awidomu l otu kaadeyan , ' as aru 1}ab 1a wes t a k esadu .
1 9 . Za-ya' ammen b a - z entu nagar ' i - ye e " em mot a .
20.
Wa- ' i -yekel wa- ' i -mannu-hi s awwerotaka ' em - z entu mendllbe
xasar .
W:L
187
186
j',l!'u h i
j'a iu.(l i
Les son 4 0
G V erbs from Roots I I I - Guttural :
40 . 1
(a)
0IV1?i {"i
T h e Remaining Forms .
r;aba' i
A l l verbs from
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Imperative
mas ' a
yema??e'
yemsa'
me?a'
rada' i
(d)
to the
e c t suff ix or obj ect suff ix)
The add ition of any vowe l ( s ubj
em chan ge
norma l l y ac compan i ed by a s t
S ub j un c t ive or Imper ativ e is
(-a- to -e-) :
temr;a'
temse' u
tem?e ' i
tem?e' a
mee' a
me?e' i
yemr;e' a
temr;a'
me?e' u
me(lO:'
yem(le' u
y em?a'
yem?e' 0
et c .
his
gutt ural intr oduc ed up to t
The G verb s from root s I I I -
ma?' a
nasJ a
mal' a
gab' a
mara
farha
ba(3r;a
samra
bazxa
(b)
me lu'
rat <a
r;an <a
(lab' a
rad' a
tar a
had' a
fetu
kal' a
fatr;a
qetul :
marai
sama <i
!l'd ',r' i
l e ade r ( c f .
marr; b e l ow)
witne s s , mar L y r
ba-me l' u ( o r
(p l .
geb' at
ferhat
fe t
ret <
westa)
(len <a
tef' at
extinct i on , destruct i on , l o s s
hed' at
peac e , tranqui l l i t y
kel' at
rad' et
m- :
mem(la'
p l ac e o f origin
megba'
refug e , p l ac e to return to
mer;na <
(p l .
sama <t)
nshi p
h i red work er . The r e l atio
( p 1 . (/al 'ri ' t ) JnC'rc enur y ,
a is not ent i r e l y c l e ar .
" " " ,. , ! I I I ! l i t ' v I ' rb gah'
1 1"
what f i l l s ( e . g .
qatali :
ient ; as noun (p I .
h e ari n g , l i s t enin g t o ; obed
I l l'
bezx
(e)
copious ; fi l l ing
' em- or a c c . ) ; abundant ,
(p l .
.
' have alr eady been intr oduc ed
retu < , bezu x, (lenu <, and hedu
(c)
( ac c . )
semu <
Verbal nouns :
martyrs
yem?a' ka
p o int are
he lper , as s i s tant
me ' at
sem <
yem? a' u ( fo r
i th the -a- reta ined , a s in
On e a l s o enco unte rs form s w
yem?e' u) .
?abii' i t f . m . i s used a s
yem?a'
yem?e' a
mar
mel '
yem?a' ki
nem?a'
, em?a'
t h i s root type have the s ame stem patt erns in the s e forms :
Per fect
rca [ Cu I , reverent .
fjagiJ. ( p I . - I ) 111 . C.
h /rlllY ' i l
1 01m ,
11" : ld l ' l ,
as
a gi ft .
1 89
188
Verbs :
1 7 . Nekel
Gt taxab' a re
xab ' a (yexba' J to hide , conce a l (acc . dir . obj . ) .
ecret , arcane ;
f l exive and pas s ive . xebu' h i dden , conceal ed; s
p l ace ,
ba-xebu' s e cret l y , in s e cret . mexba' (pl . -at) hi ding
1 8 . Wa- ' emdexra- z e 'adi yema e ' akemu ma 'bal a may wa-yer affe ' a
. ) ; t o b e imminent
?ana (ye?naJ to wait , awai t , exp e c t ( ace . dir . obj
' a?nea t o s e t
( t o : dat . suff. or la- ) ; to l i e in wait for . CG
e ( i . e. cause
traps or snares for ; to s e t i n ambush ; to promi s
. senuh wai t
to expect) ; to prepar e ( s omethin g : acc . ) for ( la-J
5.
' I - yes amme ' l a - al o t atikemu wa- ' i -yenasse ' maswa ' takemu.
8 . S eme ' u l a-qalat ihu ' esma mahaymen rate ' wa- adeq we ' etu .
9 . Yema e ' u ' el l a ye?anne 'ukemu wa-yenasse 'u ' ahgurikemu .
13.
' A z z azomu l a - ' aqabt i hu kama yeba ' meslehu l a ' l a kaadeyan .
' Enza
' w e s t a fenoL
' e fatte mas kota re ' ikeww o l a- ' exuya yema e
2 0 . Yebaz zexu ' e l l ontu s ab ' ' emennekemu ,' ' l' - teke l u t a abe ' o
mes l ehomu .
B . 1 . ' eska me ' atu l a-waldeya fequr 1 6 . mab zexta xWe lqWomu
1 7 . b a- ' e l ata fetokomll
maMymenan
5.
2 0 . marai
maQari
2 1 . en ' a ' ax z u
25 . w a l d ne ' us wa-farrah
wa-kal: adeyiin
1 0 . moqe fetuh
2 8 . ferhata l eb b
w
4 . ' E gz i ' aber fataQina w e ' etu wa-rada ' ina ba-k e l l u gebarina.
5 . G abarka xat. i ' ataka b a-xebu ' , wa - ' ana b-,a htu
' eqas s e fa k a kesut a .
.
6. Ba-agahu l a - ' Eg z i ' abQer z a-ba a9kemu zanta makana h e du ' a b a
s a l am .
7.
9.
Yes anneh
11.
12.
1 :1 .
I II .
mendabe .
warqana .
IV I I
',nilll
' e sma
191
1 90
II I
I
"
L e s s on 4 1
41 . 1
W
1 8 . Sahafa l omu ser 'ata maxb aromu z a - b akamaha yegabberu k e 1 1 0
gebratihomu .
19.
' A z z a zomu l a- ? aba ' t ihu b a ' enta s er ' atomu b a- ab ' .
2 0 . B a ' enta ment t e keQedu s e r ' atateya wa- t e ' zazat eya?
2 1 . S ar ' u ' e l l ontu abiban s er ' at a ' awrax wa- s er ' ata ' amatat .
2 2 . Lakemu wa- l a - daq iqekemu t a s ar ' a z entu egg za- l a - ' a l am .
2 3 . S annay we ' etu, ' e sma wahabana rad ' et a .
W
2 4 . aywa k e l l o Qeywato b a- edq wa-ba- ret ' .
(a)
Many of t h e " r
i II
w- ,
i ll('
Subj unctive and Imperat ive , and o ft en in t h e verbal n o un ( s ('(' 1 ) (' 1 " ,, ) .
The short form is usua l l y as s o c i at ed with the s t em vowel
, 1 11 1 1
I 1 \ "
there are excep t i on s ; some verbs have two or even t h ree Sui> , 1 1 1 1 \
forms .
P erfect
Imperfect
Sub j unctive
Imperat i ve
warada
yewarred
yerad
rad
wadqa
yewaddeq
y edaq
daq
wahaba
yehub
yahab
hab
wasada
yewassed
yesad
sad
yesed
sed
V e l' I , 1 I 1
NIHIII
haJJ I
yewsed
walada
yewaUed
ye lad
warj.' a
yewarj.q.e'
yecj.a'
wagara
yewagger
yegar
gar/ger
yewger
weger
tent
yewfen
yeweez
weza
lcdal
ga' a i
yepan
yewaHen
wafana
lad
weten
yaaz
yewaz
(cf.
weduq
wclud
qetu l :
( e)
t " ',I, r l
, I, / , 1
N n l l ll S :
Vl' ri>;i l
I ' : t l l , c o l l ap s e
' em- ) , et c .
l a c k i Il P,
193
192
heir.
haM
a g i ft
ledat
birth
4d at
of
J em-X 4aJ atu he is from X , a nativ e
waladi
wahabi
(e)
murad
sa 'ama (yes'am) to k i s s .
o n e another.
qataZi :
A. 1 .
m- :
3.
5.
' Ewa
11e '
p l ac e o f exi t ; source
aqueduct , canal
mogart s l ing
Note also the deri ved noun
ob j . or kama , westa , Z a- )
muaza may
tasa 'ama to k i s s
Glt
Exerc i s e s
-t) p arent
( for
flow , f lowing
(f.
Gt
se 'mat a k i s s .
.
rassaya 0 t o put , p l ac e , se t ; to 1mpute
(something : a c c . d i r . obj . )
t o ( s omeon e : la ' la, la-) ; to make/regard something ( ac c . d i r .
d , hi l l
wagr (p l . J awger, -at) h e ap , moun
strea m; f l o w , torr ent
,
iver
r
wei z ( p l . -at , waayezt )
(d)
*moras) he irs .
we;zat
9.
prog eny ,
tewl ed (d} (p l . -at) a gene rat ion;
o ffspr ing .
V o c abul ary 4 1
em - s i s ay .
Nouns :
ral ;
o d , v i cini ty ; area in gene
' awd (p l . J a'wad) envi ron s , n e i ghbo rho
nd ,
arou
.
'awda prep
circ uit , p erio d of t ime .
a court of l aw ; a
dabe la
d as to an ac e . noun) .
surrounding ( suff ixes adde
.
, e spec iall y ram , he - goat
( p l . - t) mal e of any an imal
d i er s .
harra co l I . army , troo p s , s o l
Verbs :
spit t l e ,
meraq ( an irre gular format i on)
22.
( ac c . dir . obj .
vere i n , be ass iduo us i n
J awtara CG t o cont inue , p erse
la- Y o watra
d , eyes ) to (xaba J la' la,
or i nf . ) ; t o dire ct (han
ly.
, cont inuo us ly, as s i duous
adv . alwa ys , perp etua l l y
he i r . G t
an
G ' awrasa to make some one
warasa (yeras) t o inhe ri t . C
ana
(acc . dir . obj . ) . G l t tcn.)i'i:r
to g a i n by inher i t an c e
tawaY'sa
L o i n i1n i t
s ion o f .
( j o int l y or s ing l y) , gain pos s e s
warad
s a l iva .
2 7 . 1.lan;:t u muaza may nawwaxa ' em- ' adb -ar ' es k a
II.
I .
M : l I l l l l l Y l' W ; I lTL'S
n cwayaka?
haga r .
1]1
194
, ,!
iii
JI
.
!'I
2.
195
Les son 42
42 . 1
Root Typ e
( a)
roa
I I -Y
ora
f ora
22.
Dewiwo zanta h. ezba ras sayomu ' agberta wa- l a ' kan a 1 a-qadamt a
hagar .
27.
3 0 . Mas anat k e l l a t ewl eddat a medr ba- ' Ayx z a ' enba l a Nox wa- z amadu .
,
31 . Mas ' a xabehomu ba- ' amsala ' aragay ;;eluma ayn .
32.
S oba ya' aebaka ama, t ema e ' xabeya kama ' ahabka rad ' eta .
yesayyem
bo ' a
Tmp era t
rue
yes1-m
;; i",
i ve
ye or/ye l;!U1'
li J l '// 1/ "
ye?or/ye?ur
1!r11'/l l/ r'
;" I d
yebO/
mo ' a
ema
SUbj unct i ve
ye1'U'!
Perfec t
II-W
yema' /yemu'
ma'
re
et c .
noxa ,
(b)
seyum
(c)
lim.JUI' (p l . -at )
l>a' (lf
1IIl/ ' at
(/( If!/
, /1 1'111 1 /
C r l . -at)
ce 1 1 .
IY6
197
nux
<udat
set
-at)
(pl .
mitat
(d)
Vocabul ary 4 2
Nouns :
kokab (pl .
victorious .
sawa <i
(pI .
<awadi
Baya ti
faras
running , swi ft .
mortal .
sawa <t)
The noun
t al l , e re c t .
' egWa la
Nouns o f the p at t e rn
awareya
noma (yenum)
me ara
(i . e .
hawari
-a)
maweta an orphan .
meqtal :
-at)
-at)
meswa <
mesyap
The noun
(pI . -at) a l t ar .
(pl .
muba'
-at)
f l ect ion of
yeba' ,
marketp l ac e , forum .
i s p at t erned aft e r
i s patterned after
qa' at .
ye4a' /qa' ,
mu4a '
-a-
in the in-
of the root type and not s e cond arl' 1 y due to the final guttural ( and
hence changeab l e to
( f)
m . f . hors e .
to fas t .
to s l eep .
s l eep .
merwas
meqwiim
' afras)
mebwa' /muba'
(pl .
I!oma (ye?um)
(e. g .
m . star.
hors emen .
Verb s :
patron , protector .
s t anding , s t ab l e ; as noun :
meClWar
kawakeb t)
s t ar .
mawa' i
rawa? i
mawati
qawami
(e)
qawwam
u l re acly
pri c e , value .
simat
Note also
/lIrl!71.Jii ' i
I!ewum
som
( p I . ' a wam ,
ui )
newiim
III .
?ora (ye?or/ye? v)
-e- ) .
mauer '
( p l . -a t ) m . f . offering .
!!II I /. ,1 1/
" I 1"" ; I I l y
i l i t roduce d .
II. 1 V .
1 1I1I1I"d l l l l n l y ,
(10
I II")
' H I I ' i de ;
' af' a
I I I I ' r (, II J l o n , then .
' em-
(t%
n t hn '
< 11 1 1
1 .11
"
198
1 99
E xercises
L,S .
seL
' ab i y
S.
2 8 . qumata maxbarena
38 . qa1a 'awadihu
lIlaqdas
C.
34 . ta ' ot qawwam
3 5 . mesyat ata h agar
40 . mangest
q alva.m i
4 1 . menvasa
k a w 5 k !' l > t
4 2 . mewara sadus
W
1 . Wa- soba k annanewwo , ' awe ' ewwo ' af ' a ' em-hagar w a - ' ullw l
w
2 . Zentu makan teqqa ' ewuq we ' etu ba-k e 1 1a medr ,
1 7 . Wa-s obeha ' arou ' afras ihomu westa ma ' ka1 a s ab ' .
1 8 . Mitewwo 1 a- z entu b e ' s i xaba z amadu .
1 9 . We ' e t a ' amira yemawwetu mab z ext a mahaymenan b a ' enti ' aya.
som nawix
3 . h ewara zati ena
4. maba ' ne'us wa-nadday
1 5 . Waradu ma1 a' ekt ' em-wes t a samay ' en z a ye ? awweru ' e ssata b a ' edalvihomu .
1 6 . ' Anomo ' Eg z i ' aber k ama yegbar b e ' sita ' em-s egahu .
1 8 . ' Uqi kama ' i -teqrabi xabehu z a ' enbala t e ' zazu.
1 6 . huratu l a-madxenena
1 7 . nuxa zentu ab l
2 0 . or zanta warq a b a-xebu ' wa- 'uq kama ' i -yerkabo wa- ' i -ma l l ilu -11 i
5.
newaya mesyat
8.
nuxa
9.
1(J.
1
ncrde ' o .
I .
" ri l l t' l i
I
Y UIII
P 1111 , 1 1 . , 1 1 "
t ' , 1 1
' :; 1 111
2 0 . faras rawa i
2 1 . ' udata aay westa samay
2 2 . qasawcst seyuman l a ' l ena
' I I f"
1\
200
201
T h e final
L e s s on 4 3
43. 1
( a)
qeta l ; s t em- final -ey and -ew are usual l y rep l aced by -i and -u r e
qatta Z) .
tak en as
is at t e s t e d e l s ewhere .
frequent word s .
(d)
Verbal nouns :
m . weeping , l amentat ion .
bekay
s everal roo t t yp e s .
nedet/nedyat
povert y .
Root Type
P erfect
Imperfect
Imp erative
evi l , wi ckedn e s s .
I I I -Y
bakaya
yebakki
yebki
beki
semi
<ebay (p I . -at)
W
g eyya f l ight .
Subjun c t ive
scunaya
yesammi
yesmi
baZya
yeba Z Zi
yebZi
ra' y (p I . -at)
nadya
yenaddi
Vendi
' akya
ya' akki
ye' kay
<abya
ya <abbi
ye <bay
' abaya
ya' abbi
ye' bay
' ebay
re'ya
yere" i
yer' ay
re' i
yere" i
I I I -W
(b)
yeday
W
yeg yay
yegwy1-.
dawaya
yedawwi
yedmay
' atawa
ya' attu
<adawa
ya <addu
qetu Z :
semuy
(c)
ya <ay
hot , burning .
Agent nouns
etc. ) ;
-yern , - e!!an ;
beyond .
Nouns :
qataZi :
day
gWeyay
.
gwey1-
yewe "i
yewaddi
.
w
yeg ayy1-
we <uy
wadaya
gwayya
(e)
ilia] es L y .
ra'ay
we <ya
in
wal l s .
' ahgLa>a
peqm fort i fi ed c i t i e s .
Verb s :
caj'aya (yeuj'iJ
I 1 h' l' .
k, ! I " [!I' (
to
s ew .
1 !1" i u ' i l L o d i g
I " w:.
Gt
tasafya p as s .
sa[ayi $ewo1' ,
1 :1 1 I " "
, , ,I ,
m,wfT; aw l .
I I ) .
(l
( e . g . a we l l ) , d i g in
ia7<ary a pas s .
karaY7:
( I h('
I"
" , 1 ,/ '
It,
1,1( , ,
Jill
203
g r ave d l gg o r .
aZaya (yeIZi) L O
.' I .
s i ng , make mus i c ;
CG
cause to recover .
p l ace) .
( Za qa , ba-) .
j unctive ) .
Gt
s ub
Za-zeZufu .
Exerc i s e s
A.
3.
4.
5.
15 .
' Az z azana kama ne ' d aw z ant il weh 'j za wa-nu ' u x a z zDt:l IlICci r"l .
za
'
II
, '. ! W d Y 'v"
I , , , ,,, j
I"
1 ' "11 1 1 .
. ,,,1 "
l<
k am a ' i - t end i .
23.
24.
25.
' Am s e ' u
111<l n g a l a
B . 1 . ' e eya,v
2.
sa Hiyi t ab i b
22.
3 . mllet s emert
wa ' ya al:ay
2 3 . ra ' y nakir
4 . ware za ! e ' uy
2 4 . tarafi J:eya",
5 . aly we ' uy
25 . masfehu l a - s afayi
6 . mabai)t za-kama- ze
7 . sem semuy
27 . qala al ayt
8 . aIayi !abi b
9 . aga za- z a l f
1 0 . faras dewuy
11.
31 . masfe za-xasin
3 2 . l ebs b a l iiy i
1 4 . karaye maqaber
1 5 . fenot we ' uy
3 5 . wa ' ya ma' a l t
1 6 . makan e ' uy
1 7 . ra ' ya l i H i t
3 7 . g l'eyyahomu l a -waladeya n i h u
1 8 . gWayayi dekum
3 9 . re ' yat a g a ? ? u
3.
'
e n ta
xaba b e l a
za
' 1 '1.d,
7.
8.
205
I ,' . M I I I \ I HI "'11
13.
I t! .
' I\ z. l a l"u
w l l h lll > a k n
KaiJ i. ra
z a - kama- z e l!IabaJ:!ta?
L e s s on 44
1 6 . Wa-soba tasafya ' asa' enihu , wadayomu diba ' e garihu wa-xalafa .
1 7 . Bewu l ana kama nah abk emu z anta mal ' ekt a .
l B . Kona yema e ' xabena z a l fa mes l a zena ba ' en t a ' azmadina .
1 9 . ' I - t equm ' emqedma te! ' ay .
2 0 . Qadiimihu ' i -k eh l a al eya wa- ' i -ment a-ni , ' al I a ' emdexra ra ' y
z a- re ' ya ba-newiimu kona J:!al aye ! abiba wa-sannaya .
2 1 . Maftew kama ' erkab s afaye ' al bas kama yesfi ' a feya.
Gt Verb s :
44. 1
Root Type
P erfect
Imperfect
Sound
taqatZa
I - gut t .
taan?a
I I - gutt .
tabehla
yetbahhal
yetbahal
I I I -gutt .
tafat?-
y etfattaJ:t
yetfataly
I -W
tQ1;}alda
yetwaUad
yetwalad
I I -W
I,m,),r /, /, '
tamQ1;}' a
yetma:wwa!
yetmQ1;}a'
/"col/(n,}ii J
I I -Y
tamayta
yetmayyat
yetmaya
L fJIII' (!lrt !
I I I -W
tareXUJa
yetraxxQ1;}
ye tr'o.r:('[Io!
I I I -Y
t,ap(Jxcl/s)
takarya
y etkarray
yetkaroy
takar'flil
I mperat i ve
yetqattal
yetqatal
yetanna,!
yetana?
taqatal
toha:nnn
iabahfl l
ta);d ii1
in
the
d o u b l i ng
Forms with
corresponding forms of
The final
OJ;)
->
e b e fore
of roots I I I - W m ay
(t, t, , d, s , s, , z) , the
l
- t- o f the prefix is a s s imi l ated comp l et e l y : yettakkal , yettammaq ,
yeddal lOJ;) , yearraf, yessammay , ye ssattaq , ye??a:wwar , yezzakkar.
When C
i s a dental or s ib i l ant
ye- sa-ye-m
yetnassa' , yetnasa' ,
0'
P e rfect
Sound
I -( ; " n .
I I I
C;""
tonse' a
The imper
tonse' .
Ioot Type
I I 1 ;1 \ ( (
C I t Verbs :
44 . 2
Imperati ve
Imperfect
Sub j unctive
taqaraba
yetqar (r)ab
yetqarab
taqa:rab
trrxa Zafa
yetxa U Z ) af
yetxalaf
taxaZaf
t<lkalada
yetka () ad
yetkahad
takalad
L, (julie' a
yetgabG!
tarr(iIJ ,
206
207
I -W
tGbJalada
yetuJaU l J ad
yetuJalad
tGbJa Lad
I I -W
taqeavama
y e tqeav (w) am
yetqeavam
taqawam
takayada
yetkay (y) ad
yetkayad
takayad
13 .
Soba yet anna eqma hagarekemu , ' i -yemawwe ' akemu wa- ' i -mannu-hi .
I I -Y
14.
S ama ' nahomu ' enza yetassayu b a ' enta mu ' atomu .
I I I -W
tajanGbJa
yetjanGbJ
tajanGbJ
I I I -Y
tara' aya
y e tra' e J ay
yetra' ay
tara' ay
IS.
The as s imi l ations invo lving C l noted in the preceding p aragraph also
app ly here . E . g . *yetsayat > y essayat he wil l buy , *yetsa' alu >
18.
Zentu we' etu ge ' zomu l a - ' abawina za-yedal lewana kama netmal'iil)
hit
megbaratihomu.
trans l i t erations .
20.
Re ' ina s amayata ' en z a yetmal l e 'u mala ' ekta berhanawiyana .
21.
22.
23.
' I -tetma ' a ' dibeya ' esma ' akko ' ana za-gabarku z ant a .
w
S ayf ' i -yetmayya ' em - l a ' Hlkemu ' e ska yemawwetu k el lomu xat e ' iin .
24.
M a ' ze-nu tetmayyau ' em-xa! i ' atekemu west a fenota edq ?
25.
Hal lGbJa is
used impersonal ly with an obj e c t (dative) suffix fol lowed by the Sub
j unctive to expre s s intention or obl igation.
26 .
It
may be p ast or pre s ent durative (he i s /was s itting) or i t may expres s
t h e immediate future ( h e i s about to sit , he i s going to sit) .
It
has occasional ly the int ent ion/ob l igation nuance of the subjunctive
construction above .
value .
Exercises
1.
"
Yetfaqqar Kerestos ' e sma mahari we ' etu ; yetfarrah ' esma ' Eg z i '
we ' etu .
2.
Ba-ye ' eti ' e l at yekawwenu xae ' an kama za- ' i -yetfa!!ar .
Hal lawa ' E g z i ' aber z a ' enba 1 a yet fa ar ' alam o
4 . Yetfattea ' a ' yentihomu wa-yere " eyu kebro 1 a- ' Amlak .
3.
S.
'I.
Mol l
I II
1 1
I " ,.
" 0 1 1 1 1 1 1'
,
1\ 1 1 I I l l n\,,\>.I. 1
.
r ,' 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 1 1
' l l '; m ;1 I
l :'i t
I II 1',1111111
[nJfada
7 . Z O l l l ll ; I ,: :i y U I
B.
44. 3
1 2 . Ila ' en t a
' . ' 1 1 ., ; 1
l i ll i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
za-yetgabbaru ba-maxbarekemu .
sisayena.
y t l }', ; l l I l l a z .
1 .1
27.
Tanse ' i wa-J:!uri betaki wa- ' ana ' awwer mes leki .
2 9 . Te tnassa' wa-teg W ayyi Geb!?a ' esma yaxassesuka kama yeqt eluk a .
28.
30 .
34 .
We ' eta ' amira t e s s addadu wa-tetqatta1u ba' enti ' aya .
35 .
36.
' Efaqqed ' es s ama ' ' emqedma ' es s adad ' em-medreya .
37 .
40 .
4 1, .
1 . /\ Y
li l t . I. U I I I
II
n Il
WlldtlY li
'
y ll l wuli l i u l >
I l lI 1Il111'I1
I Ilk mi l
ft wos t a
b n - aga .
mexba' .
209
LOK
Lesson 45
45 . 1
Verbs :
CG
With
the exception o f
verbs from roots I I -W/ Y , al l C G verbs have the s ame underlyig pat
Not e
-21-
57.
60
qeddus .
s w h I ('
IIlld
- ('IJ
Root TyPe
Perfe ct
Imperfect
Sound
' anbara
ycmabber
I -gut t .
' azana
yaJ;zazzen
Y21 zen
' ah::1'1/
I I - gutt .
Y21be el
yah ' e l
Y21nber
I I I -gutt .
' cun?e' a
yama??e'
' awrada
yawarred
YCun?e '
yawred
I I -W
' aqoma
yaqa:uJUJem
yiiqum
' aqcuna
TlllpOJ'l1 t
Subjunctive
I -w
how
t hl'
I vn
.J Cllf/:;('
' aqwn
yiiqem
' aqem
yakid
' akid
I I -Y
' akeda
yakayyed
y'aked (rare)
' aked
I I I - IV
' al;zyroJa
yaayyew-
Y21J;zyew-
' ayew-
I I I-Y
' abkaya
yahakkey-
Y21bkey-
' abkey-
It
The l ong -a- in the clos ed syl l ab l e o f the prefix is excepti onal .
ari se's presumably from the l o s s o f ' in these form s , e. g. *ya' anber
>
yanber.
There are no verbal nouns derived regu larl y from CG verbs other
than the ordinary infinitive ( see Lesson 30) ,
Occasional l y one en
This
t h e 11 o r
(i
t i r e pl1 t e rn s maqtel
l Olll
fO l'me, .
1110 "
111, , / ,
The
( I
l Iuw l ng , ski l l e d ; ( 2 )
T I lt" , , '
I I I'"
I v ,- l
I II I
or
"' 1 " l vt l
I', )
'i '
2 10
21 1
l ife-giving , salvific
mamker
masmer/masmari p l eas ing (to : xaba, la
mapmeq bapti zer; e sp . in Yoannes Matmeq John the Bapti s t .
A s noted ear l ier, s ome C G verb s have verbal nouns and adj e c Not e , i n addi
tion ,
< eraft
45
ba' enta, ba- , or a c l ause introduced by ' efo , kama , or ' esma) :
to find (something : acc . ) strange . Gt tanakra to be admired ,
G l t tanakara to be alien t o
nakir ( s ee
daxna/dexna i dem .
e emenna)
Exercises
, ,
2.
daxen adj .
1.
madxen
B . ' I - tfun ' e 'o l a- ' egzi ' eka kama ' i -yezbe!ka .
W
'Aq rer ma " ataka ' emqedma t enbeb .
10.
Ba-ye ' eti ' e l at ' i -yedexxen wa- ' i - ' ahadu-ni ' em-fetha
Ya' attewukemu eyawanikemu.
12.
11.
14.
15.
' Adxenana ' Egzi ' o ' esma netmaw-w a' ' em-xaba kaadeyan .
16.
17.
Wa-ba-we ' etu gize ' afal l es akemu ' em-hagarekemu feqert .
20 .
19.
22.
21 .
2 4 . Warada t e ' mert ' em-samay ' enza yare " eyo mestira egg addis .
25 .
2B.
29 .
Na ' reg maswa 'ta la- ' E g zi ' aber k ama ylirnu ' ana ba- ' e l l a ye abbe ' u
l a ' lena .
30.
37.
s ab ' a
t 1i n n h i J e h
' A l l t [, - nu
' I - t abzexu
:) ') .
. X:II " ,
'i" I "
i ,II" I>,II'
t enawwex .
' c z nak a .
' Alil i ak .
13.
:I/l .
r wg i r a .
9.
3 . T il l c i l lw q z t a . (',.1 a ' C h fl
z an t a
l,Ie zl>
Sall, i
' U '"U
.
b.
,I I I , >: "
,I I ,
W ,, " > ! I I
zenLu
llIu s h a f
1 > : 1 ' on L a
1 > ; 1 /, ?i t i
ma l ' ekta?
b e ' l a manfasawe .
lIIa d xan i t a
' c l at
' alam .
' en z a tesawwem .
213
2.
' l'i ! a l J l l e r
1 1l -
manbara z a-warq .
/11.
SO .
' I
81 .
l ' iJ l l I l"Wa
82 .
' I:gz
eqm z a-hagar .
W
I.': t i.t ii y wil - ycfarreh k e l l u l eb b .
E I l ., .' 1l
ba
gi zehu .
' ug l J c r l i i tu
' a hllcr
.
4 7 . Qoma westa amar ' enza yihadde ' ma ' ba1ita bir ba-qalu.
5 0 . ' I -yitarref z entu negus ' ekuy ' aada ' ern-e zben a .
5 1 . ' A ' refi z eyya ' eska yigabbe ' omu 1 a-we 1udiki .
7 7 . ' Akber ' abJ.. a Iva- ' ellllllaka k e l l o mawa ' ela l!ey\vatomu .
78.
' AnalV\Vl'IIIU
B . 1 . ga!1 ? rnafreh
2 . z ebat ' abiy wa-mihmem
3.
1 a - z c l u fl l .
w
1 0 . mak annen mi ' mera l!el-lH
1 1 . ma!mequ l a - ' Iyasus
1 2 . wangel miyew
4 . zena mazen
1 3 . maaleya mabkeyan
5 . mamker t ab i b
14 .
hemam rnih z en
215
.' 1 .1
46 . 3 The
L e s s on 46
6 . 1
0 Verbs :
(a )
The
i n f l ected forms o f 0 verbs exh ibit such regu l arity regardl e s s of root
type that
an
mascul ine :
Thus ,
feminine :
<asartu wa-saZas tu
12
<asru wa-saZas
1 .3
P erfect
I mp erfect
Sub j unctive
Imperative
Sound
fa??ama
yefa?I?em
ya' azzez
, azzaza
mahhara
I I I -Gutt .
nasseha
yenesseh
yemahher
yemehher
yenasse
, azzez
mahher
mehher
nasse
forms
I I - Gut t .
yeje??em
ye' ezzez
yemehher
fassem
I - Gut t .
I -W
wassaka
fawwasa
tayyaqa
yewessek
ye[eUJUJes
yeeyyeq
ye[ennew
yeressey-
yewassek
yefawwes
ye ayyeq
yefannew
yerassey-
I I I -W
fannawa
rassaya
I I I-Y
As e l s ewhere , st ems in
-eUJ -
and
-ey-
become
-u
20
50
30
<esra
saZasa
60
40
, arbe <a;
70
80
xamsa
sessa
sab <ii
90
samClnyii
tas <ii, tes <a
and -i r e spect i v e l y
22
46 . 2
T h e inf l e c t i on o f a l l o f
forms , inc luding the add i t ion of obj ect suffi xes .
(c)
100 i s
as 1 0 hundred :
Cd)
dar con s i s ts o f twelve months of t h i rty days plus a thirt eenth month
saZasawi
ber 11 of our cal endar and the months are ordered as fo l l ows :
Maskaram
!eqemt
Xediir
Miyazya
Apr . 9 - May 8
O c t . 1 1 - Nov . 9
Genbot
1ay 9 - June 7
Nov . 1 0 - De c . 9
Sene/Sene
June 8 - J u l y 7
De c . 1 0 - J an . 8
ljamZe
Nahase
July 8 - Aug . 6
Sept .
11 - O c t . 1 0
ferr
J an . 9 - F eb . 7
Yakatit
F eb . 8 - Mar . 9
Maggabit
Mar .
Aug . 7 - Sept . 5
Pal emen
Sept . 6 - Sept . 10
10 - Apr . 8
(Lexioon passim) ,
who a l l ows for the bog i nn i nf< o r :, d ay at l i l e sun s e t o f the prev i ous
/"
day . A s i de from Par (,,,i'i"Il , w l , i " l , i " 1 ' 1 ' < 1111 C l' e e k epagomena i , the ori gin
of the month name s
i ,
'1'1 1
I "
' II
"I ," I I I ,. :
' I II
I I
I I I II! ; I I I Y
I I
oi l
1 1 1 '; 1
: ! n c e s they represent
1 , 1 1 I '. I I ; q! (' .
l l l l'
wassek
fawwes
tayyeq
fannew
rassey-
11
Root Type
I I -Y
'
Above Ten .
I I -W
,
'I
I
Numbers
1 1 -19.
'esrawi 20th,
30th , etc .
payyaqa
CD J atayyaqa to inform
tapayyaqa
Dt
r;aZ laya
0 to pray ( t o :
xaba , qedma ;
fo r :
sheep , I flmb .
to
2 16
217
Exerci s es
A.
3.
2.
kahadi .
3.
B. 1.
W
4 . T egabberu k e l l o z a- ' e ' e z z e z ak emu .
6.
7.
7.
Tabatka qenateya .
2 1 . L a-ment t e faqqedu tefannewuni ' enza ' ana ' edawwi wa- ' edakkem?
22.
' E fo ne!eyyeq ' amana b a ' enta z entu r a ' y za-re ' i k a?
2 3 . Nesa' zanta marxo wa-s awwero ' em- ' a ' yenta s ab ' .
2 4 . Mehherana m leta hadd i s a .
25.
2 6 . Ba-ye ' eti ' e l at yes ewwer aay berhano wa-yeh e 1 1u s el mat b a W
k e l l a medr .
2 7 . La-ment tere s s i ' a wara za-kama - z e dibena?
28.
2 9 . Soba ycba cani ' e l ata moteya, awwe ' anta be ' s i t eya wa
' agbert .
N ; I S l' rt l 1,,"; I ; t
1 " ' 11 1 , 1
I, . ' .
' I
I l I ' l n( 11 1 1 1 1
, : tlll y
1 " l l I'l i
1 . 1 1111
' ;111 1
, ,'II,t l l ll
14.
l a-w ar x a
'!'cqulIIl
2 19
0 V erbs :
47. 3
L e s s on 4 7
0 V erb s :
47 . 1
( a)
( e . g . sannay ) :
commanded, ordered ( o f person or thing) .
Note the e x
pres s i ons
s ent .
fe ssu
fe?um
nesseo.
? ewwe ' o.
qeddesenno.
senn
(b)
fenna
repent ant .
r'essuy
sewwur
?ewwu '
summoned , invited .
sennuy
teyyuq
masanney
l ongs to thi s group , al though the rel ated verb is ei ther CG ' asgara
o r CO ' asaggara to cast ne t s , f i s h , to c ap t ure by t rapping .
and masgart
(p I.
ma?1a:I,' l ' )
1 1 1 1 1 )\ .
I t Ii
1 1,"
II
Note
fessCime
ewwo.?e
v i s i t , v i s i t at i on , attent ion .
ne??are
qeddase
qattaZi
nassai
as
('V,
l iturgy .
(c)
' abbasa
s i n ( s e e Vo c . b e l ow) ,
dammano.
c l oud ( s ee V o c . b e l ow) .
( d)
minal
-0 ) :
fawwes
mamehher ( f . - t ) t eacher .
: I II
,
}," II" I ,
Iy
0 1"
enr
a l e s s frequent synonym
phys i ci an .
a- ) :
neasuh
mafawwes
( from *fennaw? )
Agent Nouns .
meppew
0 Verb s :
qeddesat.
47 . 2
fesseo.
phrases : ,
These fa l l
Subj .
' ezzuz
V erbal Nouns .
ure
w '-'
In
0"
When t h r r , '
" \
I I" ,
"
I) )
I",
I I, , ,
no
221
the text s .
It
8.
l it e r a l ) base s :
1 1 . fawwesu l a- dewuy
B.
be4'an b e at i ficat i o n , berhan l i ght , ge 'zan manumi s s ion , res 'an for
g e t fulne s s , 'erqan nakednes s , fe ltan s p l itting , divi ding , and other s .
47 . 4
0 Verbs :
1 3 . hagarit me ew l a -milw;"
7 . masanneya warazutihomu
1 7 . nas s ai fetu
1 9 . sam1i ' i fe ;; um
1 0 . mafawwes ab i b b a-megbaru
me? e l lay
2 1 . senna ga u
mesennay
masanney above .
C . 1 . La-ment t1iza l l efu ' abbes o l 1i ' l eya wa-t a ' adewo ' em-egageya?
2 . Ba- zentu qal waana samay dammeno wa-ne ' sa berh1ina aJ:1iy .
w
3 . Was adewwomu w e s t a mek enn1in , wa-t arakibomu ma ' abbe s 1ina
W
W
tak annanu k ennane ' abiya wa- ' e ;;uba .
Vocabul ary 4 7
qaddasa
perform s acred o ff i ce s .
addasa
dammana
' abbasa
Ot tahaddasa passive .
c l ouds .
la <la , la-) .
7 . La-yetqatal za-ye ' ebb e s l a ' l a t e ' zazata ' E g z i ' ab J:er .
w
B . ' Ab eJ:ewwo kama yefannu ' ax1ihu xaba mak annen .
' abbasi
Exerci ses
A. 1 . ewwe ' a l a-nesse a
2 . fes s amehu la- en ahomu
3 . qeddase betu l a - ' E g z i ' ab er
4 . fe sseha za- l a - ' 1ilam z a ' enba l a I}azan
9 . Yahabka ' Eg z i ' ena s alama wa-t e ' inna kama teb aJ: west a fe lime
' e ska
I l l " . '" I I :1
II \v "
I I II
III;j I . , I n ' 1 1 : 1
i 11.1
1 4 . b e ' s it fe s se t wa - 1 1 1 1 1 1
h i dden p l ace , h i d i ng p l ac e .
mesewwar
/ .
1 2 . mamehh er maari
s ame pattern used for G derivat ives (meqtal) ; the Tradition , however,
5.
hagaru .
I II .
c"
' 1'. 1 1 : . 1
V l" . : l h h , k
223
48 . 3
L e s son 4 8
48. 1
Dt Verbs :
ell Verbs .
The s e
-a- i n
Root Type
P erfe ct
I mp erfe ct
I mp erative
Sound
tafa??cuna
yetj'eHcun
ye tfa??cun
tafa??cun
I -G ut t .
ta' azzaza
yet' ezzaz
yet' azzaz
t azzaz
I I -Gutt .
tcunahhaY'a
yetmehhar
ye tmahhar
tcunahhar
tcunehheY'a
W
yak ennen
Sub j unctive
yakW annen
I mp e rut i V ('
, asannaya
yasenney
yasanney
, asaff(]1;}a
yaseffew-
yasaffew-
P erfect
48 . 4
akwanrullL
g i ven
forms
tanassea
yetnessa.
yetnassa
tanassa
I -IV
t(]1;}assaka
ye"twessak
ye"twassak
tawassak
ZaZika
ZaZikerrru
tafCJ);}Wasa
y et;tewwas
yetfCJ);}Was
tafCJ);}Was
kiyu/<u
I I -IV
laliki
ZaZiken
kiyalo;
I I -Y
ta ayyaqa
y eHeyyaq
yeHayyaq
tatayyaq
ZaZihu
Zalihorrru
/<iyahu
I I I -W
tafann(]1;}a
yetj'enn(]1;}
yetfann(]1;}
tafannaw
laZihCi
laZihon
I I I -Y
tarassaya
yetY'essay
yetY'assay
tarassay
kiyahCt.
te' zaz
(c)
taqtaZ ; V o c . 2 4 ) .
tagscll
(pI .
teY'si t
tawsak
(p l .
temheY't
(p l .
tefset
(pl .
xaba , diba ,
)'1' 1 ;1 / , ' . \
I,
:Iii,
III
/. / I I
k i !/file, ' 1 /
k-i yniLollnl
kiyZ!hon
F ern . s in g . reference
P l ura l reference
zi' aka
, e Z Zi' aka
zi' aki
, enti' aki
, e Ui' aki
zi' ahu e t c .
, enti' ahu e t c .
enti' aya
e Ui' aya-
, /1 )
They a r e u su a l l y
noun s :
t il<'
' ;)lIIe
I mys e l f s aw him .
Very
rare l y ,
very
wor d .
they
may
The d i. r e c t o b j e c t
Za- ) .
kiyaya
zi' aya
l earning .
te <bi t
t h o l llI1 Illl
I ., , , , ' , , , "
fe ct ion .
tagharo
laZina
Mas c . s in g . referen ce
taf?Ct.met (with added -et) con s ummat ion, end , comp l et ion , per
tasja
,,1
P o s s e s s ive :
ZaZiya
Subj ect :
( a)
V erbal Noun s .
Dt Verb s :
I II
6.
I,
There are
agent noun is derive regu l ar l y from Dt verb s , there are two verbal
I mp e r fect
I I I -Gut t .
48. 2
ft
t h e final s t em syl l ab l e .
i i /"
t i l<' d i r e c t
flS
1 0 1'111 ) :
Having s l a L n
I 1 i lll .
I",
1 1 ,, 0 1 .
II
225
I l o t II
Les s on 4 9
be' si kiyahu/lalihu
Most important to
49 . 1
L , C L , and Lt Verbs :
Perfect
Imperfect
Subjunctive
Imperative
miisana
yemiisen
yemiisen
masen
Lt
tamiisana
' amiisana
yetmiisan
y arniis en
yetmiisan
yarniisen
.J
CL
tamaBan
amascn
I mp e r fc c L
f ' () I 'I!I'; :
yemi'issen et c . ]
The verbal adj e ct ive i s of the p attern qutu Z :
muaun
cr .
musent) .
They are frequent ly preceded by za- , which may be t aken as a rel at ive
the attested forms for the more important L verbs that wi l l be encoun
Vo c abul ary 4 8
ba-) .
tagabbara Dt to l abor, toi l , work ( i ntrans . ) ; to produce ( somethin g :
Verbal Adj .
Verbal Noun
Agent Noun
to perish
masana
musun
musena
masiini
t o mourn
Ziihawa
baZea
Zuew/Zeew
(laJ
to res cue
to conso l e
nazaza
tasatafa
sarara
t o a s sociate
to es tabl i sh
to l abor
Efarnawa
to b l es s
baraka
nuzaze
sutuf
suta]e
surur/serur
surare
buruk
to show mercy
tasa.haZa
to vex
strqaya
(seqay J
('x i s t Co r
<; ( . I'Ve
1I\(' n t i on :
" ,m d" 1 1
I d1
;;1 //, 1
/,/, /
ii I.) b l c !; s i ng ,
'pl .
1III II I I ' I I i l l H ,
t1ln n y ,
: l / l t I ,
v_
saran
sarna
bura.ke
(sahZJ
baZahi
nazQ;zi
, I I IIH ' I I \ y .
W, ' I I V P t" C;;
1 1 11 1 / 1, 1 . 1 1
i ( )ll .
prosperity.
comh .
220
227
(ay > e , aw>o ) wh i. ch brings them into the pattern o f the L verbs l i sted
above .
Imperfect
Sub j unctive
Imperat ive
degana
yedegen
yedegen
degen
Lt
tadegana
yeddegan
yeddegan
tadegan
CL
' adegana
yadegen
yadegen
' adegen
moqeha
yemoqe
yemoqe
moqe
Lt
tamoqea
ye tmoqa
yetmoqa
tamoqa
CL
' amoqea
yamoqe
yamoqe
' amoqe
to err
Perfect
V erbal Adj .
Verbal Noun
gegaya
giguy
gegay
degana
to t e l l
zenawa
zena
t o nourish
sesaya
sisay , sisit
t o t ak e captive
qewawa
gewew/qiwew
qewa (we)
to imprison
moqea
muqu
muqae
to shepherd
tanolawa
zenawi , mazenew
masesey
CLt/CGlt
CGt
Each o f t he bas i c l e x i c a l
COt
P erfect
Imperfect
Subjun c t ive
Imperative
yastaqatte l
yastaqte l
yastaqette l
yastaqatte Z
, astaqatte l
, astaqatala
yastaqiite l
yastaqate l
' as taqate l
Infini ti ve
P e r f . Act . P art .
, as taqte lo (t)
, astaqti Z-
astaqte l
Agent Noun
Verbal N oun
mastaqate l
(' esteqtal)
' as taqa t te lo ( t )
' as taqatti Z-
mastaqattel
, as taqa te lo ( t)
' as taqatU-
mastaqate Z
CG ' ar' aya to show CGt ' as tar' aya to show one
' s s e l f , t o appear.
In actual pract i c e , howeve r, the meanin gs
of these verbs must be
l e arned as they occur . The exact sequen ce
of deriva tion for a g i ve'll
root is usual l y not ent i re l y c l e a r , e ither
becaus e s ome of t h e I l a ' l",
invo l v e d are un at tested q r no l onger in use ,
or becaus e a purt i ('I i i . 1 1
verb was created de novo by a sophis ti cated
tran s l at o r fo r a g i VI' I I
p as s age .
In addi t i on to ' as tar' aya and ' as tagabe' a , the
fol l ow; nr, V (' Ij , . ,
are re l atively frequen t and should be made a
part o f one ' 5 pCr11l1l11 (: l I t
v o c abul ary :
0 . 5 .
or
mastaqte Z
C L t /C G l t
(trans . ) ,
or ( 2 ) refl exives o f the corres pondin g causat
ive , as i n
COt
CGt
no lawi .
to
degani
to pursue
49 . 2
Agent Noun
C i t togalJ," a
22H
229
1 1111
L e s s on 5 0
Ql
QL
50 . 1
Imperfect
Subj un c t i ve
Imperative
dangaqa
Qt
yedanaggetj.
yetmanaddeb
yedangeq.
ye tmandab
CQ
tamandaha
' amandaba
QIt
tamanadaha
yamanaddeb
yetmanadab
yamandeb
yetmanadab
dangeq.
tamandab
' amandeb
dengutj. .
tamanadab
mankwasa
CQ
exi s t .
mallwata
qa tqa ta
badbada
t o grind, crush
gegaya
fadfada
t o be numerous , exc e s -
t o d i e (of di s e as e )
Exam
s ive
kabkab
pl .
(maxbar
e.g.
pl .
Subj un ct ive
Imperative
Infini t ive
yadlaq leq
cau s at ives .
Verbal root s with five radi cal s are very rare and almost
' asqoqawa
coun c i l ) .
wq)
yasqoqu)
' adlaq laqa to s h ak e ,
de leqleq
' aqyayea to grow
maqtal , maqte l ,
W
*tak law ;
yadlaqa l leq
layaley)
(II/oqe
to i mp r i s on
(me ?wat,
Note that the ini t i a l s e gment o f these forms i s l ike that o f the
fal l en into disuse and can be i denti fied only through cognates i n
moqe/:ta
u l t imately from
P erfect
o t h e r S e m i tic l anguages .
(sanbat ,
W
W
tak alu t ; root tk lw) wo l f
*kawkah ; p l . kawakeb; root kwkb) s t ar
danage l ; root dngl) virgin .
( for
kokab ( fo r
denge l (p l .
wedding.
meqtal .
monakhos )
from Greek
(man.akos ,
to p ractice ch ari t y
W
tak la
49 . 1)
to knock
to err , go astray , s in ( c f .
49 . 1 )
sesaya
perhaps u l t imat e l y
they may have tri l it eral origins at s ome earlier st age of S emit i c .
50. 2
ples :
W W
g adg ada
(mes tir,
But s ince these " short" ro ots cannot otherwise be i s o l ated , the
mth ) .
lam lama
root
(methat,
Hebrew) .
' Amlak .
inter alia ,
to b e come a monk
' asanbata
tazeyanawa
t o be come divine ; c f .
t o app ear a s a s p ectre
from Greek) .
Derived
s on .
CQ
s econd radical , e . g .
50. 3
by
N Verb s .
pre fixed
-n-
saqoqaw
( imper f .
reddish ( c f .
qaye
red) .
C / C, CI C, :
P a r fect
N
Nt
I "I/'/I i l t/lri'l
Imperfect
Sub j 'unct i ve
yanqa Zaqqe l
yanqalqe l
yenqalqa/
yenqalaqqal
I mp o ra l i V ll
' t l l /l (1 1 1 ( I I
231
2 30
N t Imperfect and Sub j unct ive forms are very rare ; tho se given abo ve
are normative , without the -t- (presumab ly *yentq- > yenq - ) .
Les son 5 1
Be cause
51 . 1
a.
W
W
N ' ang adg ada to thunde r ,
W
W
Q g adg ada to knock ( at a door)
fI
an
analy
Thes e verbs , as a
A rare type o f
wi 1 1 find you .
past ,
1 1 11'
l11e
b 1'('[1 . 1 .
In pre s ent and future cond i t i ons the Imperfe ct may al so appear in
the
pro tas i s .
The verbal noun o f the type naqalqal i s fairly cons i s t ent for N verbs.
Qatalti l .
W i t h many o f t h e s e
commonly unmarked.
Real conditions .
or la' emma i f ; the apodos i s may be introduced with wa- , but i s more
50.4
Note the expres s ion ' emma ' akko ( l i t . if not) , al s o s pe l l ed ' emma' kko
(:: -sa) , which may usua l ly be trans l ated " otherwis e , i f such is not
the cas e . "
b.
duced with soba, and each verb o f the apodosis i s pre ceded by the
conditional parti cle ' em- :
l l ll'
pro t as i s for past condit ions , the Imperfect for pre sent conr l i t i 0 1 1 '; .
The i n l e r ro g a l i ve part i c l e s
I ll!'
'l
I llti
I 1" " 1
'1",, 1 :1 1 1 < ) 1 1
( L I . j ; l Ig l i s h if ; whether) .
Theso
I II
1 1 ' , 1 1 1 1 1 1 \'
"I
""
"
t"
233
', I
. .'
( ) p L a L j v e S entences .
opt at I ve :
a.
1Il1ly 1 >0 u ' t'" wi t i t the P e rfect in an independent c l ause to expre s s the
' Em-nassaku!
Soba may be u s e d in the s ame way .
Who wi l l h e l p me
me !
51.3
s t atemen t .
This r atheT
'
examp l es fTom the Gospel of Matthew i l lustTate how this basic pattern
may be o b s cuTed by intervening adverbial or adj e ctival c l auses or by
e l lips i s ;
b.
s a -) ' nl1., - I I I1 .
Ti,,, ,. . .
two paTt i c l es aTe of equal w e i gh t , so to speak , and are useJ i n L l' l'
changeab ly .
be u ,,"d
Za-sa <ra gadam za-yom haZ Zo wa-gesama westa ' essat yetwadday,
' Egzi' aber za-kama-ze yaZabbeso, ' efo ' enka fadfCida
fo l lowing c l aus e .
Za-' antemu ' enka ' enza ' e kuyan, , antemu ta' ammeru. sannaya
habta wehiba Za-weZudikemu, ' efo fadfCida ' abukemu za-ba
samayat yehub sannaya Za-' e Z Za yese" e Zewwo .
I f you , though evi l , know enough to give a good g i ft t o
YOUT chi ldren , how much more s o wi l l your heavenly F ather
.
give what i s good to tho s e who ask Him (foT i t ) .
5l . 4
c.
d.
It corTesponds fTequently
It
' enka i s very s im i l ar t o ' enga above , but i s more fre quent
sent ence e l ement and may theTefore s eTve a doub l e fll.'l ction as emph a
s i z e r and logi cal conne ctiv e .
'
more . ' !
f.
theiT emp l oyment can b e acquiTed only fTom a p aTal l e l reading of the
s e rious s tudent .
-ke theTefore .
to G reek ga:r .
Detai l s conceTning
7: 11
II
TIIII'"
TaTe con s t ruction expre s s e s the cond i t i on "If X i s true , how much
6 : 30
Th i s paTt i c le mo st
to
ct
-mao
u s c o n pe ["son '1
rel-l
11/, ( .
11/, ,
; : ,'.
1 11 1 "'0 1 .
p ro n O l l n s ,
235
I d<l i l t i [' i c a l
Nu t e
i un
the CUIlII'0unJ
wi t h a fo l l ow i ng
51 . 5
e.
g.
Th i
E . g . M at t . 2 1 : 2 5 :
w e a k de lliu n s L ra L i v e .
5
Th e
51. 7
I ,.
lin
rO I'
E.g,
=
1 8 : 22
<adi ' eska sab <a ba-ba seb < even up to s eventy t imes s even
20 : 2
takahala mesla gabaJ t ba-ba dinar la- <e lat he agreed wi th the
hal Zawa plus the s ub j un c t i v e , where the logi cal subj ect appears as a
suffix on
2 0 : 10
nas' u ba-ba dinar ' emuntu-hi and they too received a dinar
(EW,
E B 6 o n o V Td x L , E n Td )
Des erving of special no t e are mixed construc t i ons , such as tho s e with
2 1 : 41
24 : 7
(EV
T O L , a L p o L , aU Twv )
It is pos
order) to expre s s the equi val ent of a noun plus a modifying adj ect ive:
26: 22
51 . 8
Tono u , )
2 5 : 32
25 : 15
hallawa :
W
wa-kamahu la-walda ' eg a la ' emma-eyaw-ni hal lawo ymemewwo
(aO P O E L
aUTov,
an '
a A A nAWV )
(d: ,
E xa oT o , )
Suffi xes .
,
"
i
yesaddeduka
W
w
J am?eJ u xabehu k e l lo deweyana wa-k e l lo emumiina za-la-la
in s uch
sanita.
ba- < e latu on the day in que sti on) and appears
o f t ime (e . g .
he' M:hu as " t hat man , the man in ques t i on" rather than "his man."
1 1 .. . 1
(-hu , -u ;
b l ind guides
r;wsaweyana nabiyat
fa l s e prophet s .
. .I 7
A.
cucq .
The
Me l c h i z edek
W
' e i llt ( ' ama salus l a - Pag ern'Em) t a z kara motu l a -Ma I k a
2
Wu - zentu - s a M a I k a edeq wal da Qaynan w a l d a w a l du l a - S e m .
iI:I - z ii l i
Wa- subu k W l o ' asartu wa-xamestu ' amat ' em- ' ama tawa l d a ,
' a z zazo
' E g z i ' abl;er l a-Nox kama yefannewo l a -Sem waldu me s l a sega ' abuna
W(l
I l I l 'l l l I l
I.
a l arge co l l e ct ion o f
hag :i. o grap h i c material comp i l e d from vari ous early s ource s , mos t l y i n
maswa ' t a ba-xebe s t wa-wayn za-warada lotu ' em - s amay ' en z a y1i I'," ,
me s i ra egg addi s .
Wa- s i saya-ni yamaHe ' u lotu ma l a ' ekt .
qenatu za-ma ' s .
Wa-kona l ebsu
IV"
' un a u i'i ,
' I\ d iilli .
Wa- ' ama t amaya ' Abreham ' em- ab ' , mawi ' o nagast a , ' aqraba l otu
w
xebes t a wa-wayn a , wa-we ' etu-ni wahabo ' aserata ' em_k e l l Ll n ewayu .
Wa
For
C f . Gen . 1 1 : 1 3 in LXX :
Kainan , l i s t ed as a g r a n d s u l l 0 1 '
500
3.
1\ .,
I I ".
IVro t e
i ll):
0 1'
p l ll('('
(,OIlIP l l l l l u l i 0 1 '
l l ,('
1 1 ,,,. 1
"' I
2 39
238
wa-Xams ' Ahgur .
B.
Ba- zati ' e lat ( ' ama salasa l a -Miyazya) kona sem ' a Qeddus Marqos
1
Wa- zentu qeddus
wangelawi , l iqa pappasat za-hagara ' E skenderra .
3
2
kona s emu l a- ' abuhu ' Arsew Pawlos ' em-beera Xams ' Ahgur ; wa-sema
4
l a- ' emmu Maryam, wa-ye ' et i zekert west a maafa Gebra Hawareyat .
Wa-soba l ehqa, nas ' o Barnabas mes lehu westa sebkat soba hora
mes l a Pawlos . Wa-soba re ' ya za-bata l a ' lehomu mendabe wa-maqsaft
5
wa-xasar, xadagomu ba-hagara P enfelya wa-gab ' a ba-hagara ' Iyarusalem.
Wa- soba tamay!u tawareyat xaba ' Iyarusalem, wa-tanagaru ba
tamaye (ot) omu la- ' azab west a ' amina 'Egzi ' ena ' Iyasus Kerestos
( lotu sebat) , wa- zakama gabra ' E gz i ' aber ba- ' edawihomu t a ' amerata
' emennehomu . Wawa-nasseh. a ba' enta za-hora
wa-mankerata , hazana
.
.
' emze xasasa kama yehur mes lehomu, wa- ' i - faqada Piwlos hawareya kama
v
'
v
'
6
' esma we' etu xadagomu ; ' al I a nas ' o Barnabas mes lehu, ' esma
yens e ' o ,
we' etu zamadu .
Wa- ' emdexra ' eraftu l a- Barnabas , ora xaba Pe!ros hagara Rome
wa-kona lotu rad ' a, wa-ba-hey ya aafa wangelo za-targWama lotu
Pero s , za-sabaka botu westa hagara Rome .
la
t e ' zaza ' E gzi ' ena ' Iyasus Kerestos (lotu sebat) wa-ba- t e ' zazomu
hawareyat westa hagara ' E skenderya, wa- s abaka westeta ba- s ebkata
7
8
angel qeddus . Wa- ' adi s abaka ba-westa hagara ' Afraqya wa-Barqa
1.
"As for
Cf. remarks in 1 0 . 2 .
Gk . Aris tobuZos .
3.
Xams 'Ahgur :
Cf. Acts 1 2 : 1 2 .
5.
6.
C f . Acts l 5 : 3 8 ff.
7.
8.
C f . Acts 1 3 : 1 3 .
yes affi ba-masfe, tasaqa ' aabe' ihu, wa-wetza dam ' emennehu , wa-yebe
,
9
ba- l esana Yonanawiyan , " I stawos , ,, za-ba-tergWamehu '" Ahadu
.
' Egzi ' aber. "
10
Wa-yebelo , " 'Albo , ' al Ia nesamm l' semo b-h
wa-'
'
,
a t ltO
ll
' i-na' ammero . " Wa- ' axaza yengero Qeddus Marqos ' em-ten za- fatara
' E gz i ' aber?"
' Egzi ' abter samaya wa-meda, wa- zakama kona ta ' adewo u l a - ' abu a
' Adam , wa-me ' ato l a-maya ' Ayx, wa- z akama ' as affawo ' Eg z i ' abher la
Muse , wa- ' aw e ' omu l a-daqiqa ' E sra' e l ' em-Geb wa-wahabomu h gga, wa
;
zakama ewawomu l a-daqiqa 'Esra ' e 1 xaba hagara Babi lon, wa- a'gbe ' omu
2
1
xaba hagara ' Iyarus aHim , wa- zakama tasabbe' a ' E gzi ' ena ' Iyasus
13
tanabbayu nabiyat ba' enta mes ' atu .
Kerestos ( lotu s ebtat) , zakama
"
14
ed wihu
Wa- ' emze waraqa meraqa west a ebur, wa-gabra diba
15
Wa-kona semu la-safay
za-we ' etu safay, wa-tafawwas a sobeh a .
' Anyanos . Wa-wasado l a -Qeddus Marqos xaba betu ,. wa- ' abseha lotu
w
waldo wa- z amado , wa-gassaomu l a-k e l l omu Marqos awareya, wa9.
1 0.
A denominative
13 .
14 .
gabra diba :
ing "to deal with , dispose of, do with , " as in Menta ' egabber diba
zentu neway?
What sha l l
sobha adv .
24 1
2 40
maharomu , wa- ' amaqomu emqata Kerestenna
16
manfas qeddus .
Wa-soba bazxu mahaymenan ' el l a ' amnu ba - ' Eg z i ' ena ' Iyasus
Kerestos ( l otu s ebat) , wa- s am ' u s ab ' a hagar znahu 1 a -Qeddus Marqos ,
wa-tagab e ' u , wa - faqadu kama yeqt e 1 ewwo .
Wa-wa' a
wa-yetmayya wa-yebawwe ' west a hagara 'E skenderyli. ba - xebu ' . Wa-ba
' ahatti ' elat tamayta ' em-Xams ' Ahgur , wa-bo ' a westa beta Kerestiyan
18 ,
- b ' t . W a- wa-tasu , 1 a-warxa M agga
ama esra
b a- B a ' ala Tensa ' -e ,
2
' erruya 0 mes l a awareyat ' axawika . "
19
( lotu sebat) ba- ' ar ' aya za-kona botu mes1a awareyat , wa-wahabo
s alam a , wa- ' ane ' 0 , wa-takayado , wa-yebe1 0 : "Nahu ' anta konka
16 .
Kerestenna Christianity.
18.
Trans late
the phrase beginning with ba-' ar' aya as " in the form ( ' ar' aya) he had
(when he was) with the apost l e s . "
Wa
sab ' mahaymenan , wa-nas ' u segahu l a-Qeddus Marqos ' en z a e ' uy we' etu
21
wa-ganazewwo ba-sannay ' albas ,
22
za-saabewwo ba- ' abal westa ' aada s em' kama dabel a ;
23
' ama ' aw' eyoto faqadu 1 a - ' es sat ba-nabalba1a,
Ba-zati ' elat ( ' ama ' a;ur wa-sa1us 1a-Maggabit) ' a 'rafa ' ab
l
qeddus D eyonasyos 1iqa pappasat z a -hagara 'Eskenderya, wa-we ' etu
Wa-kaadeyan
ba- semratu la- 'Egzi ' ena ' Iyasus Kerestos (lotu sebhat ) kona s elmat
'
wa-nafas qWarir; ay-ni sawwara berhano , wa-kona mabraq wa
w
w
- wa- ' as h atya,
- ' eska gW ayyu kaadeyan . Wa-ma ' u
nag a d g -ad wa- zenam
.
kWe l lomu ' q.J;Izab ya' awwedewwo , wa-bo ' u kaadeyan westa bet a Kerestiyan,
wa-ras s ayu ' aoba1 a westa kesadu l a-Qeddus Marqos , wa-sabewwo westa
sa ' andadu ' essata ' abiya , wa-wagaru segahu la-Qeddus westetu.
y-
Less l ikely :
" in a vision in
20 .
smoot h ; t o be equal (to : la- , mes la, kama) ; to make equal , l evel ; to
share ( acc . dir. obj . ) equally.
Dt ta 'arraya pas s . of CD .
'erruy
ba
Note
the use of the negated perfect with ' enza ; cf. the remarks in 3 l . l .
22.
24 .
nabalbaZ fl ame .
crowning , coronation.
which he was with the apostl es" (but apparently taken so by D i l lmann
(with : ba-) .
ke ZzaZe
2 42
24 3
' em xWe1qomu 1 a- ' abaw l iqana pappasat ' asartu wa- ' arba ' tu.
La- zentu
' ab qeddus konu ' abawihu ' aramaweyana wa-kaadeyan a ; wa-we ' etu
tamehra temherta bezuxat a , ' esma ' abuhu kona ' em- zamad kebur, wa
2
xa1 1aya 10tu ' em-ne ' su wa-maharo kWe110 ebaba wa-temherta , ' eska
kona mamehhera 1a- ! abiban ' aramaweyan .
' Enza we ' etu yenabber ba- ' aatti ' e 1at , wa-nahu ' aatti b e ' sit
' aragayt Kerestiynawit xalafat qedmehu , wa-mes 1eha ' aatti eraz
' em-maafa Ma1 ' ektu 1a-Paw10s awareya .
Wa-tebe1o :
"Tasaya!
Wa-orat wa- ' am e' at lotu salasa !erazata kale ' at a , wa-wahaba
7
' arbli ' ta derhema warq . Wa-soba ' anbabomu , rakabo la-maaf eu a ,
dis c ip l e of Origen .
2.
CD
Dt taxaZ Zaya
4.
C ' admama
edge .
(rare) to astonish , stupify.
Gt tadamma
7.
Wa-yebe1a :
Wa- tebel o :
e?a?/e??at
vn .
decreas e , diminution ,
kona yanabbebli gahhada9 za' enbala maaf, wa- ' amna ba- ' E gz i ' ena
' Iya sus Kerestos (lotu sebat ) .
Wa- ' emze ora xaba Qeddus Demetros
kama ya!meqo emqata Kerestenna.
lO
' atmaqo . Wa-kona feuma ba- ' a' mero egga beta Kerestiyan ; wa-rassayo
ll
Demetros mamehhera ba-we 1uda beta Kerestiyan . Wa-soba t asayma
'Aba
12
' Abba Yaroke a
liqa pappasat , rass ayo 1a-zentu ' Abba heyyantehu ba
westa hagara ' E skenderya kama yegbar feta ma' kala mahaymenan , waw
_ 1 3 kama yemaggeb . 1 4 Wa-soba ' a' rafa
' abeho k ello gebra peppesenna
' Abb
Yaroke1a,
tas ana' awu kWe1 10mu ' azlib , wa- semewwo 1 a- zentu ' ab
qeddus ' Abba Diyonlisyos l iqa plippasat l a ' l a hagara 'E skenderya .
ls
' aqaba mar ' eto
ba-sannay t a ' aqebo .
Wa
deficiency, l ack .
S.
9.
gehdat vn . opennes s .
10 .
11.
station in religious l i fe .
Wa-tebe l o :
" ' Ane - s a rakabku ' el lonta ba-westa maaf; wa- l a ' emma faqadka maafa
Dt
madmem marvelous ,
Paw10s awlireya feuma, xeses ' em-xaba sab ' a zati beta Kerestiyan . "
S.
wa-yebe1a :
12.
13 .
14.
CD
(someone : acc . dir . obj . ) in charge of (acc. dir . obj . or Za < Za , diba,
ba-) .
meggeb/megb office ,
prefect,
2 45
2 44
west a seddat bezuxa mawa ' el a .
yebe l o :
alotatina wa-qeddasey atina ' i -ba-ma ' alt wa - ' i -ba- l e l it . "
la-mahaymenan mendabe ' abiya , wa-qatalomu la-sama ' tat bezuxan ' emenna
qaddesu .
l iqana pappasat wa- ' epis qoposat wa-kale ' an ' em-me ' manan . Wa_gWayyu
1
' emennehu bezuxan s ab ' b a ' enta dengage 8 wa-ferhat , wa-bo'u westa
gadamat , wa-motu bezuxan ' emennehomu ba-heyya .
19
l a- z entu ' ab , wa- ' axsarewwo .
seddat .
Wa-tanse ' a la ' l a zentu kah. -ad1' te , yent 2 2 , em- s ab ' a b arbar
- , 2 3 wafarha ' emennehomu, wa-qat'alewwo ; wa-maHawa l a-waldu mangesto . Wa
kona waldu abiba wa-ma'mera fadfada , wa-fatJ:1omu la-kw e l l omu
mahaymenan ' el l a moqeomu ' abuhu, wa-me omu la- ' e l l a westa seddat .
v
20
Wa-had ' a mendabe ' em-weluda temqat ba-mawa ' el ihu l a - z entu negus. Wa
2l
soba mot a, wa-nagsa heyyante u W1 ryos ,
' anse ' a k ' eba mendabe
w
l a ' l a beta Kerestiyan. Wa- ' axazewwo mak anentihu l a- zentu ' ab qeddus,
w
wa-moqeewwo wa-k annanewwo kW ennane ' abiya ' euba fadfada . Wa- ' emze
Wa-sahafa lomu maafa mal ' ekt xaba l iqa pappasat wa-yebe lomu : " ' 1 _
24
tef e u_ ' a
wa- ' i -tedangedu- ' a .
' Arxewu- ' a ' abyata Kerestiyana ,:
25
26
tikemu
wa-yaxtewu
wa- 1 -yeb aeh. 1 -a 'l -e kemu wa- ' 1. -ment -n1" em' ekuy- ' a . Wa-aywa zentu ' ab za-tarfa ' em-mawa ' elihu ba-he d ' a t wa
xasasu ' emennehu kama yesged l a - ta 'ot , wa- ' awse' omu wa-yebelomu :
"Nehna - s a ' i -nesagged l a-ta ' otat rekusan za' enbal a la- ' Egzi ' aber ' Ab
wa- aldu ' 1yasus Kerestos ( lotu sebat) wa-l a-Manfas Qeddus . "
ba- s a l am.
Wa
- b a ' ent a
Wa- ' astar' aya ba-mawa ' e 1 1. hu la- zentu ga -at 27 b ezuxat
haymanot . ' Em-we ' etu ' esma 2 8 s ab ' ' astar' ayu ba-behera 'Arabya;
tame " a l a ' l ehu negus fadfada, wa-qatala ba-qedmehu bezuxana s ab ' a
kama yafreho , wa-qeddus - s a ' i -farha ' emennehu .
Wa-sadado , wa-nabara
setu wa-yebelu ba- ' ekaya megbaromu ' esma nafs temawwet mes l a sega
Wa- ' astagabe ' a 2 9
wa- ' emze tetnassa' mes l ehu ba- ' el ata tensa' e .
17 .
in mind, terrified .
ished etc .
dengu4 v a . aston
etc.
19 .
an
error) .
G xasra (yexsarJ
CG ' axsara to
cause/infli ct/ affl ict (with) any of the preceding states (with acc .
. 0b J' . 0 f person) .
d 1r
-despised.
22.
16 .
20 .
21 .
Wa- ' emze af ' a we' etu kadi , wa-nagsa heyyantehu Gerlawos .
"Huru wa
I
f
24.
to the l ast, or, more rare ly, to every single word of the text .
25.
26.
29 .
247
2 46
30
wa-mataromu .
l a ' lehomu maxbara, wa- ' awgazomu
3l
wa-Sabalyos .
konu ba-ge ' za ' Argenes
, :: : '
j :
" I
,
,
', 1
32
l iqa
Wa-soba l ehqa zentu ' ab , ' astar ' aya Pawlos Samisat i ,
33
za-kedo l a-wal d o Wa- ' astagabe ' a
pappasat za-hagara ' An?okiya,
l[' lehu maxbara, wa-' awgazo wa-mataro . ' I -baa mes lehomu zentu ' ab
w
34
wa-fannawa mal ' ekta ' enta me l e ' t ' em-k e l l u
ba' enta res' ennahu
teb ab wa- s aga , wa-kasata westeta haymanota rete ' t a .
aba
Wa-soba baa
res' nna sannay , falasa xaba ' Eg z i ' aber za- ' afqaro ' emdexra
35
wangelawi ' asarta wa-samanta ' amata .
nabara diba manbara Marqos
Salam la-Deyonasyos mamehhera tabiban kWe l l u ,
' em- s ehtat za-meto l a-Pawlos mal ' ekta qalu .
36
rakabo m ndabe wa-s eddat ba-mawa ' elu,
.
37
_ , 38
_
hagar1ta berhan za-l a lu
falasa yom
Dexra
D.
wa-s emu l a - ' abuhu ' Abreham, wa- s ema la- ' emmu Sara, wa-ye ' et i kama
Sara wa- ' Elesabet tawwer ba-te ' zaza ' Egzi ' aber ba-teetenna.
(yeb r) to vow .
wegzat/gezat
vn .
Glt
weguz excommuni
excommunication .
blessed.
3.
5.
och 260- 2 6 8 .
33.
34 .
res' enna
35 .
res'
emdexra.
37 .
yom
38 .
Za rZu
year .
adv. above; freq . in the adj . phrase
w
mank asa to become a monk ,
w
menk esenna monasti cism .
Q
32 .
G ba4ra
cated, cursed .
Wa-kona ' abuhu kahena wa-kebura, wa-yetl a " ak west a beta maqdas watra
_ 1 0 wa-qe
- wa- b -arak a
ba- fariha ' Egzi ' aber ba,-ne?J:ienna
dd esenna,
w
' E gz i ' aber l a ' l ehomu wa- ' ab ' alomu ba-k ellu megbaromu . Wa-konu
ll
kWe l l o ' amira l a -naddayan , wa-yemeJ:iJ:ierewwomu
yehubewwomu mewata
2.
30 .
2
' Ama ' esra wa- s abu ' l a-Maggabit ' a 'rafa ' ab qeddus wa-beu' ,
3
4
'Abba
,
maxtota gadam, ' aba kWel l omu manakos at za-gadama ' Asqetes
.
. 5 ,
emMaqares za-ya' abbi . Zentu qeddus kona ' em-sab ' a hagara Sasuwlr
7
6
dawal a Manuf ' em-dabuba 8 Geb . Wa-konu ' abawihu xerana wa-[deqana,
_
1.
6.
7.
Manuf Memphis .
8.
9.
Dt tateeta to humb le
teut hum
from below , " and the noun matett (form maqteZt) lower or inferior
part , most frequently used in the accusative as a preposition
10.
be pure, clean .
tata.
G na? (yen?a) to
ne purifi cation,
2 48
l2
w
l a- k e l l omu s ab ' , wa-yetgadalu
watra ba-om wa- alot ; wa- ' i -kona
l omu wal d o
Wa- ' astar ' aya lotu ' Abreham ba-ra ' y ' em-xaba ' Eg z i ' aber,
wa- ' aayyaqo kama ' Egzi ' aber hal lo kama yahabo walda za-yekawwen
zekru west a kWel lu ' anafa medr wa-yewa l l ed weluda manfasaweyana . Wa
wahabo 'Egzi ' aber zanta qeddus a Maqares-ha, za-ba-tergWamehu la-semu
qeddus beu ' .
Wa-kona aga ' E gz i ' aber l a ' lehu ' em-ne ' su wa-yet ' e zzaz la
13
faqadu ' abawihu kama
' ab awihu . Wa-soba lehqa ba- ' akalu,
14
yastawlisebewwo
lotu be' sita, wa-kona ' i-yefaqqed zanta gebra , wa
' agabbarewwo kama yegbar faqadomu, wa-ta' azzaza lomu, wa' as t awaabewwo za' enbal a faqlidu .
15
rassaya
Wa
' emdexra- ze xasasa ' abuhu wa-yebelo, "Xedegani ' eur xaba gadam kama
' e ' ay nestita ' em-zentu dawe . "
' E g z i ' aber ba- gize alotu kama yemreo westa gabira semratu.
Wa- ' emdexra-ze ora xaba gadama 'Asqees . Wa-soba kona westa
17
16
za-sedestu kenafihu
' axaza bagadam, re ' ya ra ' ya zakama Kirubel
w
18
re ' s a dabr, wa- ' ar ' ayo k ello gadama ,
' edehu wa- ' a ' rago mal ' elta
test (esp . of saints and martyrs) ; title of works about the l ives of
saints and .ascetics .
?er (pl . ' a?ra, ' a?ret) room, chamber, house; bedroom.
16.
kirub idem.
kirubawi
cherubic.
17.
18 .
CG ' a Z <aZa
249
mesrliqll. wa-me' rlibll. wa-nuxa wa-gedma , 1 9 wa-yebelo : "Nahu wahabaka
' Egzi ' aber zanta gadama resta laka wa-la-weludeka . "
Wa-soba t arnayta
' em-westa gadam, wa-rakabli la-ye ' eti walatt ' enza tedawwi . wa- ' emz
' a ' rafat ' enza hal l awat ba - dengelenna, wa_ ' a ' kWat0 2 0 l a - ' E gz i ' ena
' Iyasus Kerestos (l otu sebQat) be zuxa . Wa- ' emdexra xedat. 2 l mawa ' el
.
w
ka eba ' a ' ra fu ' ab awh u, wa-wahaba k ello newaya za-xadagewwo la22
23
.
naddaylin wa- Ia-meskinlin
wa- Ia-sennusan
Wa- s ab ' a S.
asuwr- s a
.
hagaru soba r e ' yu sedqo
wa-neshennlihu
la - qeddus ' Abba Maqares
,
"
.
24
Wa-hall awat ' aatti walatt ba-ye ' eti hagar denge l , wa- zamrnawat
mes l a ' aadu wareza, wa-1ansat , wa-yebela we ' etu wareza, " Soba
tas e" elaki ' abuki mannu z a - ' amas ana dengelennliki , baliyo ' esma
25
26
we ' etu qasis batawi
' amasana dengel ennaya . ,,
Wa-soba ' a 'mara
superior, exalted.
19 .
sun) .
G saraqa (yesreq) to r i s e ,
shine ( o f t h e sun) .
sarq (' asraqJ riSing (of heavenly bodies ) ; the e as t ; the new
serqat
vn .
xedap n .
22.
saraqawi eastern .
' ekut praised,
W
, a' k atet vn .
meskinat poverty .
23.
(with : mesZa or a . d . o . ) .
harlotry .
zemmut n . adultery,
zammawi i dem .
These
Qt
betewenna anchoritism.
26.
250
251
' abuha kama ye ' eti ansat , wa-tas e " ela ' abuha, wa-yebl!l a , "Mannu za
gabra beki zanta xafrata?"
Wa- ' awge ' ewwo la-qeddus ' em-ba ' atu, wa-we ' etu
' i -ya ' mara menta za - kona, wa-zaba!ewwo zeb!ata ' abiya wa-maema ,
' eska qarba la-mawit .
"Ment ye' eti xat i ' ateya ' esma ' antemu-ni tezabbetuni za ' enbala
mehrat?
" Wa- ' emze ' asaru westa kesadu habla,
wa-dibehu saqalu
.
.
28
29
3
gal ' ata
za- ' as l amewwomu ba- fehm,
wa-konu yeseebewwo lafe 0 wa'
32
3i
lafe kama ' abd
wa-yekelleu
' enza yebelu, " Z entu za- ' amasana
_
by force .
D xayyala to be strong ,
xeyyul adj .
xayyal idem .
29 .
fe (p l . J a) carbon , coal .
30 .
late wa- late adv . this way and that, back and forth .
ma 'dota late adv . on the other s ide , opp
false .
32 .
33.
34 .
ssat a l i e , falsehood .
D hassawa to l i e , b e deceitful ,
b a ' atu, wa-kona yegessea l a-nafsu, wa-yebel , " ' O-Maqares , ye ' ze nahu
kona laka be' sit wa-daqiq .
ma ' alta ba' enta sisayeka wa-sisayomu la-weludeka wa- I a -b e ' s i teka . "
"
w
37
wa-yehubo l a -we ' etu ,be ' s i ' ex
Wa-kona watra yegabber asfaredata
fequr za-kona yetla" ako , wa-yesayyeomu wa-yehuba l a-ye ' et i be' sit
s isaya .
Wa-nabara ' enza yegabber kama-ze ' eska qarba g i ze wal idota
Wa-soba qarba ' e l ata wal idota, wa- ' aaba fadfada , wa-nabarat
westa ' abiy mendabe ' arbe ' a ma ' alta wa- ' arbe ' a leI ita, wa- ' al aqat
la-mawit , wa- ' i-waladat .
38
39
Wa-tebela la- ' emma ,' '' ' Ewwa ' ane-sa ' i
40
wareza, wa
tanagarku ba-nagara J;tassat la ' l a gabra ' Egzi ' abJ:1er , qas i s qeddus
' Abba Maqares batawi . "
wa-tagabe 'u kWe l lomu mes l a s ab ' a hagar, wa-tamakaru kama yeJ;turu xaba
1
qeddus wa-yes ' al ewwo kama yexdeg lomu ' abbasahomu4 za-gabru la ' lehu .
ssi'iwi a liar.
Gt tabaya to assume responsibi l ity for (obj . suff . ) ,
mad, insane .
' emenna) .
s ite .
31 .
ye' eti walatt s isaya ' eska ' ama tewal led .
35 .
28.
la ' lehu ' agle ' t a . Wa-yebelewwomu ' emuntu ' ekuyan , " ' I -naxaddego
35
yehur ' eska yehubana za-yethabbayo . "
Wa-ma ' a ' aJ;tadu b e ' si za-kona
36
ye ayyet gebra ' edawihu,
a-taabayO ' emennehomu kama yahaba la
yedal lewani walid, ' esma zammawku ' ana mes la ' egale
Wa-qarbu
yebelewwomu la- ' e l lu ' ekl,lyan, "Ment za-gabra zentu mastagadel ? " Wa
33
la ' l a ye' eti . Wa-yebelewwomu ' emuntu mala ' ek
nagarewwomu za_gabra
" Z entu nagar J:1assat
' em-ne ' su ' eska zati ' e l a t , wa-we ' etu xer wa-adeq . "
' emuntu mala ' ekt xabehu, wa-fatJ:1ewwo ' em-ma.' saru, wa-gadafu ' em
Dt tassawa to be
36 .
I . e . hi s handicrafts .
37 .
38 .
about t o .
inf. : to be
CGlt
connected, continuous .
39 .
L i t . : "What has
. . ?"
2 52
253
Wa-soba sam 'a qeddus ' Abba Maqares kama s ab ' a hagar yefaqqedu yebeu
42
' emennehu, wa-ta zakkara we ' eta ra' ya za-re' ya
xabehu wa-yastasreyu
ba- gadam, qaddasa qW erbana, wa- t amagawu mesirata qeddesat .
Wa- ' astar' aya lotu we' etu kirubel za-sedestu kenafihu, wa
' axazo ba- ' edehu wa-maro ' eska ' abeo gadama 'Asqees , za-ba
43
' albab . " Wa-yebelo qeddus 'Abbl1 Maqares la
t ergWamehu "Madalewa
44
lita makana za- 'axadder
w e ' etu kirubel , "O- ' egzi ' eya, was s en
westetu . "
Wa- ' awse ' a kirubel wa-yebelo , " ' Ane-sa ' i -yewessen l aka
makana , kama ' i -tega' ' em-makan za- ' ewessen laka wa- ' i -tet ' adaw
45
l aka, wa-xaba
t e ' zaza ' Egzi ' aber . Nahu zentu gadam kWellantahu
za- faqadka hur wa-nebar botu . " Wa-xadara qeddus Maqares west a
.
48
47
46
- Romaweyan
'
- Mak S1mos
- 1 a -qe ddusan
gad-am , mak-ana d ab romu
wessae
- wa-Damatewos .
gahhada wa-yeabbe' ewwo ba- l e l i t . Wa- ' emdexra salastu ma 'a.lt ' enza
yetgada1 wa-yeamu wa-yamanaddebewwo sayanat wa- ' i -rakaba5 3 ' erafta,
xal laya wa-yebe ba- l ebbu, ' ' ' Enza hal loku westa 'alam, 54 sarna 'ku
zenahu la-qeddus ' Abba ' En!Onyo s . 5 5 'Etnassa' wa- ' aawwer xabehu
kama yemharani wa-yemrehani fenota menkwesenna, wa-yahabani ' a ' mero
56
wa- l ebbunna
kama ' el a bu mekromu la-saanat rekusan . " Wa-tanse ' a
wa- a l l aya, wa-ora westa gada.m mangala mesraq ' eska baa xaba
' aragawi qeddus ' Abba ' Entonyos .
makan yess ammay ba-s emomu la-we ludeka Maksimos wa-Damatewos . " Waw 49
hu
za-b a-terg _ame
w e ' etu ' eska zati ' e l at yessammay D abra Bermo s ,
51 ,
brought to a stop .
43 .
53.
wa-' i-rakaba .
Gt
47.
48 .
raZam here and frequently in the sense o f " the world out' Enponyos St . Anthony , the leading l ight of the early
desert community .
56 .
52.
55 .
tasarya pas s .
CG intrans .
ma' abbes
' ablXisi .
42 .
Gt taar <a
54 .
to bring to a stop .
ba- ' abiy fesseha wa-kasata lotu xel l innahu ba-fesseha kama wald mes l a
' emdexra ' eraftomu ' a z zazo mal ' aka ' Egzi ' aber kama yeur wa-yexder
westa makan za-we ' etu dabra zi' ahomu.
Dt taZabbawa
to be comprehended, understood.
abbawi idem.
nes s .
57.
ful .
e ew treacherous , guile
Gt tawakfa
agreeabl e , pleasant .
59 .
2 54
255
' abuhu .
Wa- ' aragawi - s a qeddus ' Abba ' Enonyos ta' amexa re ' so la-qeddus
' Abba Maqiires , " ' O-wal deya Maqares , ' anta tessammay beu ' a bakama
tergWame s emeka ba- l esana Yonanaweyan , ' esma ' Egzi ' aber ' Amlii.keya
kasata l i t a gebraka wa-me ' ataka xabeya, wa-ba ' enta - ze konku ' e anne
mes ' ataka . "
Wa-yebel o ka ' eba, " ' Emuntu hallawomu kama yeb e ' uka ba
60
wa-ba-megbarat gahhada ' eska l a-mawit ,
kama tekun ' anta feuma soba yeabbe ' uka , wa-ta' aggas ' eska la
6l
mawit . ,,
Wa-s a ' alo qeddus ' Abba Maqares la- 'Abba ' Enonyo s , wa
yebel o , "Xedegani ' enbar ba-xabeka . "
' Enonyos , "Hur xaba makan za-was s ana laka ' Egzi ' aber, wa-ta ' aggas
westetu . "
W - ' emdexra nabara xaba ' aragawi ' Abba ' En!onyos xedii.a
w
mawa ' ela ' enza yetmahhar ' emennehu ser ' ata menk esenna wa-ser ' ata
edq , tanse ' a wa-tamay!a xaba makanu ' enza yetfessa wa-yetassay ba
ser ' atat wa-ba-temhertat mayawit za-tamehra ' emenna ' ab qeddus ' Abba
' Entonyos
.
.
- byon62
Wa-ka' eba ' Abba Maqares beu' t arakaba mes l a ' Abba Sara
w
' epis-qopos , wa-yebe1o, " K e l lo mawa ' e la za-nabarku xaba ' abuya ' Abba
, 63
' Enonyos ' i -re ' ikewwo ' en z a yenawwem gemura . ,
_
Wa-nabara qeddus Maqares westa makanu bezuxa mawa ' e l a ' enza
.
in vain; fortu1tous 1 y,
61 .
kama tekun .
Dt ta<aggasa
CDt
63.
p l etely, to comprehend .
Gt tagamra p ass .
Za-gemura
yetgadal wa-yeammad
64
w
westa fenota menk esenna, wa-kona watra
za-yebe l o , " ' O -Maqares , ba ' enta za-sama 'ka qaleya wa-te ' zazeya, wa
mas a ' ka xabeya , wa-xadarka wes ta zentu makan, niihu 'an a ' astagiibe '
we ta zentu makan ' azaba za- ' i-yetxWel laqw65 ' em-kw ellu t e zmedd 66 wa
w
w
' em-k e l lu baawert wa- ' em-k e l l u lesanat , wa-yetl a " akuni wa
Tawakafomu wa-mereomu
wa-kasata l o t u ' Egzi ' aber ' e zanihu, wa-sam ' omu la- sayiinat ' en z a
yetmakaru babaynatihomu, wa-yebe lu, " La ' emma xadagnahu l a- z entu b e ' s i
yexder westa ziiti gadiim, yeresseyewwa la- zati ' ahgura s amiiyaweyan ,
67
' esma ' emuntu yetwekkalu
ba-eywat za- l a- ' alam, wa-yes addeduna ' em
zentu ' alam ba-hemama kWennane salotiitihomu . Ne ' u ye ' ze netgiiba'
68
Yogi
nekel nesdedo ; em- zentu makan . "
la ' lehu .
la ' la s aytanat , wa-kona yebareko la- ' Eg z i ' aber za-kasata lotu
' ezanihu ' eska sam 'a megbaromu l a- s a anat wa- ' a' mara dekamomu .
Wa
' emdexra- z e t agabe'u la ' lehu saytiinat , wa-ab ' ewwo ab ' a ' abiya, wa,
' andadu ' essata la ' la xoxta ba' atu, wa-konu yenas.... ..
s . e ) u em-we , etu69
' essiit wa-yewaddeyu westa ba' atu , wa-konat ye' eti ' e ssat te affe' ba
alotu l a- 'Abba Maqiires .
64 .
Gt taqamda pass . ;
to dedicate one ' s self t o , pursue assiduous ly, submit one ' s s e l f to,
minister to .
if.=nad s ectarian ,
65 .
66 .
Gt tazamda to be relate d .
W
xWe Z Zuq ( ) counted, numbered, reckoned . xW eZqWIxWaZqW (pl . xWe ZaqW)
W
W
number, sum . x e Z Uiq e vn . numberin g , counting .
tezmedd family, trib e , race,
species .
67 .
suff . ) .
tewke lt
vn .
trus t ,
faith, confidence .
68 .
69 .
25 6
70
Wa-soba s am' a
qeddus ' Abba Maqares , s agada lotu diba medr, wa- ' anse ' o ' Abba
' Entonyos feuna, wa-t a ' amexo wa-sa' amo , ' e sma we ' etu re 'ya gao
70 .
concerned .
tekkuz s ad , etc .
Ot tamakke to boas t .
mekke
temket boasting .
makkah
boastful .
72.
stop , b e inactive .
haket l az i
(rarely) to s in .
CG
give up on .
spairing.
qebu? discouraged, de
qeb?at despair .
qeddus .
2 57
e lluta 78
Wa-nabara xaba ' aragawi ' Abba ' Entonyos be zuxa mawa ' el a ' enza
yetbarak ' emennehu wa-yetmehhar te' zazatihu, wa-xasasa ' emennehu kama
- b eso 83 , as kema qeddusa . Wa- a l l aya Ia' lehu, wa- ' albaso ' albasa
yal
78 .
79 .
80.
predicate .
inf. : to do something eagerly, wi l lingly, with undivided attention . .
Gt tabadra pas s .
G lt
badr contes t ,
running .
81.
Gt ta?a' a
enemy, hater .
82 .
qadai
maqdet water-jar .
Gt taqaa pass .
ebsat
vn .
ebus dres s ed ,
dressing , c lothing ,
25 9
258
kiyahu,
84 wa-ba
' enta - z e tasamya r ad ' u la-qeddus ' Enonyos .
yeb'!ilo ' aragwi 'Abba ' Enonyos ba-xebu' kama "Tethakkay kama tema'
' Ana ' emdexra mawa ' e l ' aJ;lawwer xaba ' E g z i ' aber . "
xabeya zeyya.
Wa
soba sam ' a 'Abba Maqares " z anta nagara, tanse ' a wa- sagada lotu, wa
85
s a ' alo kama yenbar ba-xabehu wa-yerass eyo delewa
yensa' barakato
manfasawita.
Wa-nabara ba-xabehu .
Wa-yebelo ' En!onyos , "Wa- ' emdexra xeda! mawa ' el ya ' arrefaka
' Eg z i ' aber ' em - z entu ab ' a xel l inna ' ekuy, wa- ' emdexra- ze ye abbe'uka
manfas rekus ; wa-ba;;at xabehu ba- ' amsala wareza, wa- ' a ' mara kama
ye' eti walatt , wa-fawwasa wa-fannawa xaba ' abuha wa- ' ernrna .
Wa-soba
wahabewwo warqa bezuxa, ' i -nas' a wa- ' i -menta-ni ' emennehomu .
Wa-hal lo ' aadu manakos westa hagara ' Awsim; 90 s eta wa-yebe :
"Albo tensa ' e mutan . "
Wa- ' asJ;!atomu l a-be zuxan sab ' , wa-ba ' enta
' Awsim xaba ' Abba Maqares , wa-nagaro kama ' ashatomu we ' etu l a-ezba
9l
z i ' ahu, wa-sa' alo se' l ata bezuxa
kama yetra e ' o . Wa-tanse ' a ' Abba
Maqares , wa-ora mes l a ' p i s - qopos xaba hagara ' Aws im, wa-re' yo la
saytanat gahhad Sena' wa-t a ' aqab wa- ' i -tahzeno l a-we' etu kirubel
'
86
za- ass ayo ' EgZi ' a er mes leka l a-rad' eteka yahal lU
mesl eka ' eska
t afameta mawa ' e l ika , wa-ya ' aqqebaka bakama ' a z zaza ' Egzi ' aber
ba' enta tensa' e mutan, wa- ' awse ' a we' etu batawi wa-yebe l o : " ' Ane-sa
' i -ya' ammen kama mewutan yetnass e ' u , la' ernrna ' i -yansa' ka l ita be ' se
Wa-wahabo ' Abba ' Enonyo s batra zi ' ahu, wa-ta' arnexo
' arnrnexa qeddesat , wa- ' a ' rafa wa-taqabra segahu b a-makan xebu' z a - ' i
' Eg z i ' aber, wa-sobeha tanse ' a we ' etu ' aadu be ' si ' emenna mewutan
Wa-tamaya qeddus ' Abba Maqares xaba gadama ' Asqees , wa-nabara
westa makanu, wa-tasam ' a zenahu westa kWe l lu ' asnafa medr.
Wa-gabra
87
' Eg z i ' abher diba ' edawihu t a ' arnerata 'abayta, wa- ' emennehu ' esma
'
89
, o lya
8 8 annawa 1 a-wa 1 attu xab-ehu za-ye;;!?e
_
" an
dl' b eha
f
negusa" An k '
-
donning.
84 .
lowing c l ause .
85 .
CG
tamayu.
Wa-sa' alo we ' etu be ' s i z a- ' anse ' o ' em-mewutan l a -qeddus
'Abba Maqares kama ya!meqo !emqata Kerestenna . Wa- ' amaqo wa- ' albaso
w
' albasa menk esenna, wa-nabara xabehu saba ' ta ' amata , wa- ' a' rafa .
93
Wa- ' emdexra- ze t anse ' a qeddus ' Abba Maqares , wa- s a ' a l a
westa
gadam kama ya ' mer l a ' ernrna hal lo westa gadam sab ' ' em-qedmehu . Wa
re' eyo kel ' e 'edawa ' eruqana, 94 farha ' emennehomu , ' e sma masalo kama
95
' emuntu s ayanat , wa- a l laya ba-qedrnehomu ' elbaltaribon
( z a-we ' etu :
87 .
88 .
animal or vehi c l e) .
91 .
93.
The ' em
90 .
yaha Z Zu
hors eman .
CGlt
86.
89 .
(wa-kona be' sihu ' em - kadeyan qadamt ) . Wa- ' amna we ' etu batawi , wa
92 W
k e l lomu ezb ' e l l a ' asatomu
affluence .
masta?e " en
nuded , emptied .
CG
Gt ta'arqa to be stripped , de
parts) .
95 .
261
260
' Abuna za-ba-samayat) .
Wa-tas e " el ewwo ba' enta s ab ' a ' alam wa-megbaromu, wa-yebelomu:
'' ' Eg zi ' abJ.ler ba-meJ.lratu yexe 1 l i diba kWel lomu . " Wa- ' emze tas e " e lomu
w
w .
96
98
_
97
l a ' emma kona yaq arreromu q erra keramt
wa-yal ehhebomu
J.larura
99
Wa- ' awse' ewwo wa-yebel ewwo : '" E gz i ' abJ.ler
ba-gize hagay .
dahay
. .
' Abba Maqares t a ' arreg xaba samay, wa-sam 'omu l a- say!anat ' en z a
yekel lehu wa-yebelu ba-dexrehu : "Mo ' kana , ' O -Maqari , mo ' kana . " Wa
1 03
yebe 1 0m qeddus ' Abba Maqares : " 'Adiya ' eska ye ' ze . ,,
Wa-soba bo ' a
qeddus westa gannat , kall eJ.lu ba-qal I e ' 'ul ' enza yebelu : "Mo ' kana ,
' 1-
ba' ateka, wa-beki la ' l a xa!i ' ateka, wa- ' anta tekawwen kamana . "
Wa
Wa-soba faqada ' Eg z i ' abJ.ler ' erafto, fannawa lotu kirub e l
h a za-kona yeJ:11!wwe o , wa-yebelo : "Tada l l aw, ' esma neJ.lna nema e '
xabeka wa-nenasse ' aka. " Wa- ' ar ' ayo l a- ' Abb ' En!onyos wa- l a-maxbara
w
qeddusan wak e ll omu xaylta s amayaweyana, ' eska ' ama ma!!awa nafso .
Wa-kona kWel lu mawa ' e l a heywatu tes ' a wa-saba' t a ' amat a . Wa-kona
l 02
s em ' a ba_ zentu
Babnuda rad ' u , kama we ' etu re ' ya nafso l a-qeddus
first words of the Lord ' s Prayer, as the fol lowing parenthesi s ex
newAy. "
- _ 106
- b a-zemmare
Wa-?orewwo sob-eh-a , wa- ' anb arewwo westa b eta Kerestyan
.
wa-ba-mahlet bezux ' ama ' asur wa-tasu ' la-NaJ:1ase , wa-kona ' emennehu
ta' amerat wa-mankerat ' abayt .
Salam la-Maqares za- ' abiy kebru,
ba-batru .
' esma ' aqaba mar ' eto l a - ' Entonyos
.
107
' aJ.ladu ' aJ.ladu ' enbala yax?eru
' Emenna
karami of or per
CG
ardor .
CG
103 .
"I
temptations) .
1 04 .
am
wa-kona
. .
gay summer .
100.
101 .
stroyed .
1 02 .
CG
Cf.
wa-kona soba.
105.
rosy, e l ephantiasis) .
99 .
Wa-ma? ' u sab ' ' em-hagaru Susawir, wa-wahabu newaya l a - rad' u
karma/karama to
1 04
YoJ:1annes za-kona yegesseo kWe l l o gize yebelo : "Ta ' aqab ' em- ' afqero
p l ains .
96 .
ze Zgase l eprosy,
elephantiasis .
106.
azmara
D (2) .
CG
I wou l d
26 2
263
soba ' erruya daqiqu wa-megbarata edq gabru ,
' e l la mes l ehu, wa-tarafu ' e l lu kel ' etu daqiq ne ' usan . Wa-ewawewwomu
sab ' a hagar, wa-maharewwomu gebra taqat e l o , 8 wa-was adewwomu ' ammexa
9
la-negusa 'Aksum za-semu ' E l l a- ' alada, wa-semo negus la- ' Adseyos
lO
wa- l a-F eremna!os ' aqabe egg wa-aafe ' Aksum .
magg abe beta qa!in
Salama
Ba- zati ' el at ( ' ama ' esra wa- s adus la-amle) ' a ' rafa ' Abba
S alama, kasat berhan , pappas za - ' I tyopya , wa-kama-ze we ' etu zenahu.
2
3
liqa ab abt ,
Mas ' a ' ahadu
be ' si ' em-behera
Ser, za-semu Merobopyos ,
.
.
'
' en z a yefaqqed yer' aya l a-beera ' I tyopya, wa-mes lehu kel ' etu daqiq
s
4
wa-ka l e ' u ' Adseyos , wa-bo
' em- ' azmadihu , s emu la- ' ahadu
Feremnatos
.
.
' el l a yesammeyewwo Sidrakos . Wa-baa ba-amar ayqa beera ' Ag ' azi,
6
wa-re ' ya kWe l l o sannayata za-fetwata l ebbu . Wa- ' enza yefaqqed
e
7
yetmaya! be ero , . tanse ' u l a ' lehu arr, wa-qatal ewwo mes l a k e l l omu
suggest " Because his chi l dren and righteous deeds amounted to the
same thing (for him) , without one detracting from the other, his
monastery was named ' The Balance of Hearts (i . e . desires , aspira
tions) , (and is cal l ed thus) up to this very day . "
see note 43 above and the frequent mention o f "his spiritual chi l
dren" i n accounts o f Macarius ' l i fe .
the idiom gabra 'erruya , for which I can find n o exact p aral l e l ,
al though the suggested trans l at ion is quite in keeping with other
intransitive uses of gabra .
CG
ba-?er' in Greek .
yer' ay waladeyanihu.
Merobopyos Meropius .
4.
Feremnaos Frumentius .
S.
'Adseyos Aedesius .
6.
kWe l lo za-baa la ' lehu wa-ba' enta haymanotomu l a-beera ' Ag ' azi , wa
zakama ' amnu ba-Kerestos (lotu sebat ) , ' enza ' albomu pappasat wa
qasawest .
Wa- ' emze semo ' Abba 'Atnatyos l a-Feremna!os kama yekun pappasa
la-behera 'Ag ' azi za- ' Ityopya , wa-fannawo mesla ' abiy kebr . Wals
wa- 'A b eh. a , s ab aka
.
baio beera 'Ag ' azi ' ama mangestomu la- Abreh-a
I . e . arts of warfare .
9.
11.
eat
fetwat
vn .
fetwatOPJi l ibid
12.
maturation.
adversary .
vn .
mined .
8.
embrace .
ho stil e .
toward, be an enemy o f .
3.
7.
Wa-hanasu l o tu
me e l l aya, wa- ' astagab e ' u xabehu daqiqa ' enza yemehherewwomu mazmura
12
wa-ma leta. Wa-soba ' abea zeku ean 'aqma
werzawe , s a ' a l ewwo
13
kama yefannewomu hagaromu. Wa- 'Adseyos ora Tiros
beera kama
Greek .-
s at i s fy .
xasir ( f .
xa?Zir) i dem.
1.
Wa- ' emdexra xedat mawa ' el ' a 'rafa negus , wa-xadaga ' egWa l a
ne ' usa mes l a ' emmu, wa-nagsu ' E l la- ' AzgWagWa . Wa-nabaru ' Adseyos wa
ll
Feremna!os ' enza yaaenewwo
la-ean wa-yemehherewwo haymanota
firos Tyre .
14 .
15.
373.
Apparently an anachronistic
2 64
26 5
j'
16
wa-ba' enta
I'
i
i, 1
' enza ya ' arreg mal ' elta ' om, wa-bai?o xaba manfaqa 8 yewaddeq
westa medr; bezuxa gize yegabber kamahu, wa- ' em- 'eub ' arga mal ' elta
17
la-Salama, xoxt za-mehrat wa-tasahe lo .
,
18
'Asraqa za- Ityopya l a -berhana Kerestos ad-a l 0 ,
19
' enza l a ' lehu elmat wa_qobar
hal lo o
' ee
Wa- ' emze tasayma diyaqona . Wa-ba-we ' etu mawa ' e l ' albo
_11
- 1 aqta 1 0 qene
- . 13
- _ 1 2 za , enbaI a b a- 1 ah osas
max
b a- 1 e " u 1 zema
Wa-sob a
,
'
14
faqada ' Egzi aber kama yaqem lotu tazkara,
wa-fannawa lotu salasta
15
' a ' wafa ' em- gannata ' Edam,
wa-tanagarewwo ba- lesana s ab ' , wa16
masatewwo
mes 1ehomu westa ' Iyarusalem samayawit , wa-ba-heyya
'I :
,
,
'
Ba- zati ' elat ( ' ama sur wa- ' ehud la-Genbot) ' a ' rafa Yared
'
2
3
Wa-zentu Yared ' em- ' azmadihu
' ams [lihomu l a-Surael .
maletay,
we ' etu l a- ' Abba Gedewon ' em-kahenata ' Aksum , ' enta ye ' eti qadamit
' em- ' el l a taana ' abyata Kerestiyanat ba-hagara ' Ityopya, wa-tasabka
bati haymanota Kerestos , wa- t aqaddasat ba-sema ' Egze' tena Miaryam .
Wa- zentu ' Abba Gedewon soba wa!ana yemharo mazmura Dawit l a-beu '
Yared, s e ' na ' aqiboto ' eska bezux mawa ' el . 4 Wa- ' emze soba z abato wa'
5
w
6
'
wa-re ' ya
' amamo , wa-g ayya westa gad-am wa- ' as 1 a 1 a t""t
! a om .
reference to ' E l l a ' Abeta and ' Abreha of the 6 th century .
The l atter
BahZ
giveness .
18.
1.
2.
3.
4.
S.
8.
tical .
tanafqa idem.
dissension, skepticism.
9.
10 .
Gt
nafq
nujaqe division,
xeZqat end,
12 .
13.
Dt ta?aZZaZa t o b e shaded,
dark .
taberna c l e , tent .
l ive , dwe l l .
l ight , gleam.
19.
mercy, kindness .
7.
compartment, box .
<om (pI : ' a <wam, -at) tree , trees , dense grove, woods .
<erj:e (pl . -yat , <eqayat) worm, caterp i l l e r . G <aqaya/ <acJya
6.
singing.
14 .
to
16 .
266
26 7
tamehra maletomu l a - ' esra wa- ' arba 'tu kahenata s amay . Wa-soba
17
tamaya xaba hel lawehu ,
bo ' a westa beta Kerestiyan qeddest za
18
G abaza ' Aksum
ba-gi ze salastu s a ' at , wa-ka l l ea ba- l e " ul qal ' enza
yebel : "Hale luya l a- ' Ab , hale l uya l a-Wald, haleluya wa- l a -Manfas
20
19
_
v
s amaya
sarara,
a- b a- d-agem " ar ayo l aQe ddus . Q ad-aml' h-a 1 a- S eyon
2l
Wa-samaya l a - zati maleta
Muse zakama yegabber ebra la-dabtara . ,,
22
23
' aryam.
Wa-soba sam 'u dema
qalu, rosu negus-ni wa-negest-ni
v , wa-wa ' alu2 4 ' enza
mes la pappas wa-kahenat wa- ' abayta negus
25
yes amme' ewwo . Wa-sar ' a mahleta
l a - l a _ zamanu
' em- ' amat ' eska 'amat
.
26
27
za-agay wa- za-keramt , za-maaw
wa- za- aday,
l a-ba ' alat wa- l a2
sanabet, 8 za-mala ' ekt wa- za-nabiyat , za-sama'tat wa-za-!?adeqan , ba
29
salastu zema za-we ' etu ge ' z
wa- ' e z l wa- ' araray , wa- ' i -ya' addu
30
3
neqawa l 'of wa
' em-sa1astu zemahu ' emma-hi nebaba sab ' ' aw
32
' ensesa .
Wa-ba- ' aatti ' e lat ' enza yezemmer Yared, qawimo tata 33 negus
,
Gabra-Masqal , wa-negus-ni ' enza yaamme 34 qalo , takla batra xain
35
westa mekya
-da
' egarihu, ' enza yeweez ' emennehu darn b ezux wa- ' i -
ta 'awqo la-Yared ' eska fa!? ama maleta . Wa-soba re ' ya negus , dangada
36
7
batro ' em- ' egru, wa-yeb-e l 0 : "s a ' a l anl' za-te f aqqe d ' as ba 3
39
38
Wa-yebelo Yared : "Maa1
I i t a kama ' i
zentu dameka za- take ' wa . ,,
wa_malxa
off by force .
flex . of G.
viol ent .
Gt tamaspa p as s . and re
17.
hel lawe
vn .
30 .
be the speech of man or ( awJ the cry of birds and anima l s . "
31 .
32 .
eyon Zion .
Muse Mos e s .
Lt tasQrara pass .
serur/
bestial .
33.
sarari
22.
34 .
35 .
of G .
36.
Wa 'aU
37 .
war d .
attendant , servant .
See 5l . 5 .
Gt
25.
26.
27.
?aday autumn .
sanbat (pl . -at, sanabet) sabbath; Sunday (sanbata
swear, adjure .
Gt takayda pass .
dem4
sound, nois e .
(by treading) .
21.
28 .
Kerestiyan) ; week .
G naqawa
19 .
24 .
(zemaJ .
>
20.
23.
ge 'z , ' ez l , and ' araray are the three modes of s inging
funeral s , and the Lenten s eason; ' araray is used for feast-days and
tamaypa
Church at Aksum .
maZeta
39 .
Gt
CG ' am la to be
268
26 9
40
heyya .
I,.:
i
:;
Wa-wahabo ' E g z i ' aber kidana la- za-yeewwe ' semo wa-yegabber
45
tazkaro .
Wa- ' emze ' a ' rafa ba-salam, wa-maqaberihu- sa ' i - ta ' awqa
' eska yom.
41 .
43 .
scunn is other-
from whose heart the spirit caused swift thought t o ascend (i . e . made
him forgetful) ; he returned from where he had fled ( l i t . was fugitiv
to the study of s cripture with much l abor , without letting up , after
watching a caterp i l l er c limbing up the trunk of a tree . "
The s ep ara
so.
.
najaf1.
hu?a?e
e?a?
W
g end (pl .
-at,
the end of the Zagwe Dynasty and the beginning of the Solomonic
47.
yahazzenu wa-yetekkezu wa-yee l l eyu xaba ' Eg z i ' aber kama yahabomu
1.
46.
Dynasty c . 1 2 70 .
devic e , a stock .
$aga Za- ' ab , wa-sema ' emmu ' Egzi ' Xaraya. 2 Wa-kona Saga Za- ' ab ' em
zamada kahenat ' el l a ' abrehewwa 3 la- ' I tyopya ba-haym notomu. Wa
be ' s itu-ni ' Eg z i ' X araya konat makana, 4 wa-nabaru ba- zentu ' enza
42 .
44 .
' Ama zati ' e l at ( ' esra wa-rabu ' l a -Naase) ' a' rafa mamehhera
40 .
1
- Tak l a Haymanot
we uda . Wa- ' enza hal l awu ba-zentu nagar, ' ans e ' o S ay!an l a -Motalame 5
6
5
- , es k a b-ah ra :or
seyuma Damo t , wa-malak a 7 kWe 1 1 0 ' adyama
Sewa
L emma
.
.
w
Wa-nabaru kWe l lomu mak enta hagar ' en z a yehubewwo lotu be ' sitomu
46
Salam l a_Yared
s ebata mala' ekt l a-awwa e ,
47
' a ' raga ' em- l ebbu xel l inna manfas rawae .
' enta
48
La-temherta maaf gab ' a ' em-xaba kona naf-ae
_
49
- e,
- za- ' a lb 0 husas
ba-bezux s -ama
w
50
mal ' e lta
enda
' om n i o ' enza ya ' arreg ' ee .
G.
na
W
' ag nCid) trunk of a tree; a restraining
2.
pass .
Gt taxarya
beruh
D makkana
CG
province .
Ni l e .
6.
7.
tcunatka pass .
ruler, heir .
Gt
mat2iki owner ,
A s econd s et of
forms from the same root, but deriving their meanings from ' Anlt2ik God
should be noted : C ' amtaka to worship God, to worship - as a god (a . d . c.
or Za- ) .
I PIJIliI
271
2 70
9
8
b a-ba- ' ebretomu; wa- ' em-ze z a-mahraka-hi soba yerakkeb ' anesta
lO
laheyta,
yeress eyon ' equbatihu .
Wa-ba-we ' etu mawa ' el baa hagara elales , wa-qatala kWe l lo
Kerestiyana .
be ' s itu-sa ' E g z i ' Xaraya ewawewwa arrahu, wa- ' abeewwa xabehu .
w ll
Wa-soba re ' ya, ' ankara senna , wa-tafasseo l ebbu, wa wahaba sarg a
bezuxa, wa- ' astadalawa ser 'at a kabkab ,
12
w
wa- fannawa xaba mak anentihu
Xaraya, gabrat alota xaba ' Eg zi " aber kama yadxena ' em-tedmerta
' arami .
berhanawi ' em-medra Damot ba-gize salas s a 'at , wa- ' absea medr Zorare
ba-gize tes 'u s a 'at , wa- ' abe ' a westa beta Kerestiyan . Wa-soba wad ' a
14
meta aga Za- ' ab ' em-beta maqdas mes l a ma '!ant ,
na ara qawima
.
1
5
' en z a sergut -a ye ' etl
- .
'An k ara b a - l ebbu wa-yebe : "Ment-nu zati
be' sit wa-mannu ' ame ' a zeyya?"
za- gabra lati ' Egzi ' aber ' em-!entu ' eska tafametu.
ba-ba-' ebretomu
mehreka booty ,
captive .
10.
11.
Qt tasargawa
W
sarg
sergawe idem.
12.
13.
Dt
wa-mankera za- ' albo xWe lqW a ' eska yanakkeru ' emennehu kW e l l omu ' e l l a
17
re ' yu wa- s am' u . Wa- ' emze was adewwo xaba pappas 'Abba Gerel los
kama
18
yesimo simata diquna ,
enza ba-we ' etu mawa ' el 'Abba Benyami l iqa
19
pappasat za-La ' eskenderya ' ama mangesta ZagWe ba- ' emnat .
Wa-soba
' ab eewwo xaba pappas , tanabbaya lotu ' enza yebel ' esma " Z entu wald
yekawwen newaya xeruya . "
behlhu .
' Em-ye ' ze - s a ' i -tekawwen na 'awe ' arawit , ' al Ia tasagger
16.
to bapti z e , christen .
18 .
diquna diaconate .
19.
La' eskenderya
Eskenderya.
C.
1 2 7 0 ) were
wafr
vv
tawalda ' ama r esra wa-s anuy la-Taxsas , wa-kona ' abiya tefseta westa
beta ' abuhu wa- ' emmu wa-xaba kWe l l omu ' azmadihu . Wa-ba- ' e l ata
,
_ 16
ab e ' ewwo Kerestenna
s amayewwo semo Fessea eyon . Wa-l ehqa ba-
nafsata xa! e ' an bezuxat a . Wa-yekun semeka Takl a Haymanot , ' esma ' ana
23 ,
xaraykuk a ' em- k arsa
emmeka, wa-qaddaskuka kama ' Eremeyas nabiy wa_ 25
24
kama tefawwes
sel!ana
kama Yoannes Ma!meq . Wa-nahu aggokuka
Wa-ba- ' ahatti l e l it ' astar' ayomu mal ' aka ' E g z i ' aber, wa8.
zenawomu kama yewal ledu walda za-yebae semu' ata edqu westa kW ellu
na<awi hunter .
narawe/narwe hunting
22.
23 .
24 .
to bestow gifts .
?aggawi/
CG
2 73
2 72
deweyana wa-tesded manafesta rekusiina ' em-westa kWel lu makan . "
Wa
26
Wa- ' emze ' atawa westa maxdaru, wa_zarawa
kWe l lo newayo l aw
27
'
naddayan wa- 1 a-mes k 1nan
, wa-nas a merg eza,
wa-xad aga b-eto rexewa ,
w
28
l a- s ab ' l a ' emma
wa-wad ' a ba- l e 1 it ' en z a yebel : "Menta yebaqq e ' 0
w
30
w
29
wa-nafso hag ala .
Wa- ' emze nas ' a simata
k ello ' iilama raba
w
kehnat , wa-wa!ana yesbek haymanot a wangel ba-k e l lu medra S ewa , wa
3l
kWe l lo
' atmaqa ba- ' ahatti ' el at matana 1 0 , 000 nafs . Wa-s a ' ara
w
,
32
33
a
a ' wamatihomu ' eska g ayyu Say!anat
, ot , wa-gazama
mehramata
-
Y ,
Dt tasa7.. 7..a a
Be 7.. Pan (p l .
tazaPWa p as s .
zerwat dispersion .
' elew ba' enta haymanot rete 't ' eska ' a' mano ba-Kerestos . Wa
' a ' manomu la-bezuxan ' e l l a mes lehu . Wa- ' astar' aya ' amehii 36 1 ebsa
w
menk esenna ba-medra S ewa . Wa-nabara ' enza yeddammad ba-som wa-ba.
.
w ,
,
37
s alot za - ' albo XWe 1 q a eS k a ' aqne omu
la-manako sat bii ' edan .
Wa- ' emze ora medra ' Amara ta e " ino ba-saragalii 38 ' E 1 eyas ,
wa-baa xaba ' Abba Ba- alota Mikii ' e l mastagade1 manakos , wa -nabara
xabehu be zuxa mawa ' e l a ' enza yetqann y 3 9 lotu kama gabr wa-ye1ammad
;
la-alotu. Wa- ' emze tamay!a medra Sewa, wa-tarakabo la-Marqos walda
_
reba/raba
Wa- ' em-heyya ora medra Gerarya, wa-gabra omii ' t a40 ma ' kala
D rama t o anathemat i z e .
Dt taarrama to
superstitious .
nent .
Gt tagazma pass .
Dt tamarraya
sooths aying .
35 .
hew (wood) .
sagaZ divination .
W
W
30 . G hag Za/hag aZa to perish , die; to l o s e , suffer a loss .
w
W
CG ' ahg aZa to destroy . Gt tahag 7..a to perish, d i e , be destroye d .
-hgWa
w
.
-hgWe 1
ma
,.
end . ma
hegu1 lost, destroyed . hag , d estruct10n,
qeddus matana ' asartu wa-sedestu ' arde ' t , wa- ' albasomu ' albas a
w
menk esenna .
Gt
mAreyana
36 .
37.
qan'
CG
The reference
to force to work .
2 74
O la ' t ,
4l
wa- ' i -yewae ' ' em-heyya l e l ita wa-ma ' a l t a , wa- ' i -yee " em
- hu 42 -nl. may
- . W a-ma ' u
, wa-sete
menta-ni z a' enbala qW al bahtita
.
43
xabehu bezuxan ' ed wa- ' anest , wa-konu manakosata wa-mabal l atat a ,
wa-yaxadderu westa ' ahatti bet , wa- ' i -yet' amaru babaynatihomu b e ' si
44
mes l a be ' s i t , wa-ba-g ze alot wa_qWerban
yeqawwemu xebura, ' esma
49
50
kama ' i _ asmek
botu; wa-qoma westetu s aba ' ta ' amata ' eska
5l
52
asabra
' agada
' egru. Wa-nab ara ' enza ' i-yee " em menta-ni ' em
dagamu
fereyat wa- ' i- qW ala wa- ' i -maya maana ' arba' tu ' amat .
2 75
sama ' tat wa-Mika ' l H wa-Gab re ' e l , wa-yebe lo : "Ofequreya, ' anta-h i
53
tamasa lkani
ba-emameya , wa- ' ana-hi ' a ' erreyaka ba-mangest
eya .
ma ' a xabehu ' Egz i ' ena ' Iyasus Kerestos (lotu sebat) , wa-me s l ehu
' Egze ' tena Maryam wa- asartu wa-ke l ' etu awareyat wa-adeqan wa40 .
41.
42 .
to give a drink to .
drinking.
43.
44.
sete
setay
maste a drink
s tructure , wal l .
46 .
Gt tanadqa p ass .
l eans or reclines .
47.
G baZxa to be sharp .
edge or point .
48.
the right .
baZix
rjEgm
50 .
sebar idem .
52 .
idem .
masmakrtJ
mesmak idem .
sebrat
vn .
'sebur broken .
53.
Gt tasabra
sebr fragment ,
breaking, fracturing .
G t tamas Za
simi l ar (to : a . d . o . or Za- , ba- , kama) ; (2) to imi t ate ; (3) to trans
form one ' s s e l f, change (int o : a . d . o . or ba- , Za- , kama , ba-' amsaZa) ;
(4) to be represented (by a l ikenes s ) .
54.
55 .
prop , support .
piece.
beZx sharp
sharp .
49.
51.
58
( eucharist) .
45 .
'e.
Gt tasatya pas s .
paZ l dew .
teZuZ
matZaZi moi stenin g , re
Gt taramma to be
CG lt ' astaramama to make s i l ent , quiet down ,
marmem s i l ent . ' armami silent , not speaking .
W
W
g er<e (pl . g ara <it) throat , neck .
277
2 76
KaHidewon wa-ye ' uda 1 a-hagar . "
II.
' Egzi ' eya, ' azzezo la-gabreka kama yetnagar qedmeka . "
bas
The Rest of the Worda of Baruah ( London 1889) , but I have made no
e ffort to reconstruct an "original" text .
te ' exxe z , temettu-nu zata hagara xerita westa ' edehomu l a- Kaladewon ,
7'
8
' Taxayyalku qeddesta
kama yez zaxxar negus mes l a ezabihu wa-yebal :
lO
9
' Egz i ' o . ' Emma-sa faqadeka
hagara za- ' Amlak ' ? (6) as a ,
we ' etu,
ba- ' e deka tamasena . "
yekel bawi ' a westa hagar l a ' emma ' ana ' i-qadamku wa- ' i-yarxawku
' anaqeiha .
(9) 'Tanse ' ye ' ze-ni , wa-or xaba Barok , wa-zen ewo zanta
I
2
1 ( 1 ) Wa-kona soba 1ewawomu la-daqiqa ' Esra' l negusa Kal dwon,
n ababo ' Egzi ' aber la- ' Eremeyas wa-yebelo :
tanse' wa-d' ' em-zat i hagar , ' anta wa-Barok , ' esma hal loku ' amasena
'
3
' em-bezxa xati ' atomu l a - ' e l l a yenabberu westet a ; ( 2) ' esma saloteka
'
6
4
5
ni kama ' amd enu ' ba-ma' kala hagar wa-kama qesr za- ' admas ' awda: .
( 3 ) Wa-ye ' ze-ni tanse ' u wa-oru wa-da'u za' enba l a yem ' xayla
1.
Reliqua verborum
3.
' em- here and ba- in vs . 4 (simi l ar phrase) are used some
ramd (p l .
5.
tanse ' wa-a' u , ' ant a wa-Barok , ' esma hal loku ' amasena ba-xai ' atomu
( 8 ) wa- ' i-negus wa ' i - xaYla zi ' ahu ' i
la- ' e l l a yenabberu westeta;
nagara .
Wa-yebelo
w
'' 'Egzi ' o , z a - k e l l o
The numbering of the verses is simply serial and fol lows the
divis ions of the Ethiopic text .
w
'" Ast abaqq e ' aka
II
5 ( 1 1 ) Wa- zanta behi 10 ' Egzi ' xalafa ' em-xaba ' Eremeyas .
(1)
,11 ,
.
- sob-eh-a saaa
- hu , wa-wadaya J:amada 1 2 d l.' b a re ' su,
Wa- Eremeyas
a 1b asl.
v
13
6 (2) Wa-re ' iyo Barok 1 a - ' Eremeyas ' enza me1u' mareta
diba
14
ba- ' abiy qal ' enza yebe1 :
re ' su wa- ' albasihu-ni seu , arxa
" ' Abuya ' Eremeyas , menta konka, wa- ' ayya xa i ' ata g abru hezb?"
7.
zexxur boastful,
brawl ing .
Cf . Gk .
8.
9.
10.
seppat
vn .
Gt tasappa pass .
ad ash (es) .
13.
14.
G da
maretawi adj .
erax a cry, shout .
278
7 ( 3 ) ' Esma soba ye ' ebbesu ezb , yaazzen ' Eremeyas wa-yewaddi
amada diba re ' su , wa-yeel l i ba' enta ezb ' eska yetxaddag l omu
" 'Abuya ' Eremeylis , menta
15
(7)
" ' E sma ' Amlak yemttewa l a-hagar westa ' edehu
19
l a-negusa Kaladewon, ' esma yeewewomu la ezb ba_ ' ekit . ,,
1 1 (8) Wa- s ami ' o zanta kWe l l o Barok satata ' albasihu wa-yebe :
20
' Eg z i '
l a - ' Eremeyas kama yea' mes l a Baro k , wa-bau westa qera hagar, wa
nabaru ' enza yeanneu .
1 5 ( 2 ) Wa-kona qal a qar
21
1 6 (3) Wa-sobeha ' Eremeyas wa-Barok bakayu ' enza yebelu ' esma :
"Ye ' ze ' a' marna kama ' aman nagar . "
1 7 (4) Wa- ' astabqW e ' omu ' Eremeyas la-mala ' ekt ' enza yebel :
15.
Cf. Joel 2 : 1 3 .
16.
22
::
a
,
elo la-
' I J I -tahgWelu hagara ' eska ' etnagar mes l a ' Eremeyas xeruyeya . "
1 8 Wa-sobeha tanagara ' Eremeyas ' enza yebel :
' Egzi ' eya , ' azzez lita kama ' etnagar mesleka . "
kama t emettewa l a-hagar westa ' eda al a ' ta, wa-yenasse ' a hezb z a- ' em
Babilon .
( 7) Wa-menta tefaqqed
kama ' egbar qeddesta qenena, ba-xebu'
.
23
za-netqannay?
Wa-menta tefaqqed ' egbar dibehomu?"
20 ( 8) Wa-yebelo ' Egzi ' :
' ar ' eyani za- ' egabber l a- ' Abemelek ' Ityopyawi , za-we ' etu bezuxa
w
' aqabomu la-ezb wa- la-gabreka-ni ' Eremeyas fadfada ' em- k e l lu s ab ' a
25
hagar, wa-we ' etu ' awe ' ani ' em-westa ' azaqta 'am 'am.
Wa- ' i w
,
26
' ef aqqe d 1 0 tu yer ay
"''' - wa- h ag 111 l a-hagar , kama ' i -yezan . "
musenla
y
2 2 ( 10) Wa-yebelo ' E g z i ' l a - ' E remeyas : "Fannewo west a ' as. ada
27
28
b a- fenot z a -dabr , wa- ' ana ' ekaddeno
' e ska
W
k eZlo adv . altogether, comp letely; with negative :
22 .
at al l .
made .
(not)
23.
Cf. Gk .
18.
19.
20.
21.
qarn (pl . ' aqent) horn (of animal) ; horn blown in battle
mastaqen idem .
24.
pas s .
signer .
17.
2 79
trary,
ba- ' edawihomu ye awweru berhanata ' essat , wa-qomu westa qera hagar .
" , RS
T t ab aqq
yebe l :
,Ii
I
Gt taxatma
maxtam(t) a s eal .
25.
26.
to see . . . "
27.
28.
takadna pass .
kednat
vn .
protection.
kadani
an.
protector .
Gt
280
1'.
281
ezb ' eska tebaeu medra Babi lon, wa-nebar tetnebbay lomu ' eska
' agabbe ' omu westa hagaromu .
,
I yarus aH!m . "
w
24 (14) Wa- ' Eremeyas wa-Barok bo ' u westa beta maqdas , wa-k e l l o
'
2 7 ( 2 ) Wa- sobehii bo' a negusv mes I a sarawltu,
-
'
35
ezb a .
28 ( 3) Wa- sobeha ' Eremeyas nas ' a maraxuta za-beta maqdas , wa
wa ' a ' af ' a ' em-hagar, wa-wagaro l a- zentu maraxut qedma ay ' enza
yebel :
yatekkelewwo,
3 0 (6) Wa -Barok - s a nas ' a amada wa-wadaya west a re ' su, wa- , wa-yebe
nab ara, wa- ' asqoqawa 39 zan t a saqoqawa
: " B a ' enta ment
masanat ' Iyarusal em, ' al l a 40 b a ' enta xa!i ' atu la- fequr hezb?
Wa
tawehbat ba- ' eda a l a ' iha4 l b a ' enta xa!i ' atena wa-z a-e b .
( 7 ) ' AlIa,
kama ' i-yez zaxxaru xa e ' an wa- ' i -yebalu ' Kehelna nasi ' ota
la-hagara
'Aml ak ba-xayle na , ' - - ' i-kona ba-en ' ekemu za-kehel kemewwa
' al Ia ba
,
xai ' atena tawehbat l akemu .
( 8) Wa- 'Amlakena yemeerana wa
yagabbe ' ana westa hagarena, wa- l akemu-sa eywat ' albo .
(9) Beucan
' emuntu ' abawina ' Abreham wa-Yesaq wa-Ya ' qob, ' esma wad ' u ' em-ze
' al am wa- ' i -re ' yu musenaha l a- zati hagar . "
yebe :
30 .
xadara westa maqaber, wa-yem a e ' u mala' ekt wa-yezene\ewwo b a ' enta
kW e l lu.
32 ( 1 ) Wa- ' Abemelek-ni ' ams e ' a balas a gize qatr ' em-xaba la' ako
42
wa-nabara , wa- ' a lal a , kama
'Eremeyas , wa-rakaba ' ea efeqt ,
likely.
37.
CD
38.
l amentation.
40 .
nada' i
saqoqaw dirg e ,
31 .
karabo basket .
32 .
33.
I gnore ' esma and trans l ate the claus e as a bles sing .
cept . "
34 .
G nafxa (yen
ax) to b l ow, breathe ; to b low into , inflat e ;
nefxat
35.
leader .
36 .
41.
Gt taafqa to be dens e ,
283
282
,.
43 ,
wa-sedesta ' amata, wa- 1 -naqh a
em-newamu .
54
w
wa- ' albo soba yaxaddeg ba_k e l l ahi . ,,
h. a l 1' b on .
add 1sana
wa-yanafaef
35 (4) Wa-faqada yenum dagema, ' esma yekabbedo re ' su wa- ' i ,. '
, , w
49
te'
wa-yebe :
( 5) " ' Efarreh k ama 1-yenum
wa- 1. -yeg and1' ,
. ya deqqasa,
50
- , ' esma se h'1qO 5 1 fannawan1. b akama ' i-yehisani
' abuya ' Eremeyas
53
52
wa ' y
(6) Wa-ye' zeni ' etnas s a ' wa- ' awwer, ' esma moqa - s a
nagh .
43.
c l e ar .
CG
neqhat vn .
sob
kebud heavy .
Note the
to exude in drop s .
I?af?af i dem .
48.
aib mil k , j ui c e .
49 .
D daqqasa to s leep .
50 .
G haaba (y e eb J to milk .
deqqas
vn .
s leep .
Gt taysa pas s .
his
?ahq
vn.
?ehiqo here is
moq heat .
muqat heat .
( 1 1) Wa- ' efo ' e zenu zanta nagara ba-xaba ' Eremeyns , zakama
58
hagar?'
" Buruk ' anta ' Egzi ' o , ' esma ' abiy dengae
' enza yaazzen wa- ' enza xaba yawwer ' i -ya' ammer .
w
41 ( 16) Wa- ' anbara zek a mudaya balas , wa-yebe : " ' E nabber
60
61
zeyya ' eska ya' attet
' em- l a ' leya.
' Egzi ' ab er zanta heyyata
54.
idem .
W
k e ahi/kw e ehi adv . everywhere , wherever .
w
ba-k eZ Zahi
l ebbeya.
the stomach.
46 .
to be burdensome .
37 Wa-yebe : " ) Akko-nu zati y e ' eti hagara ' Iyarusalem? (9)
55
56
Yogi ' egegi
' esma ' enta fenota dabr maii ' ku . Wa- ' emma ' akko ,
,
,
. 57
( 10) esma yek abb e d an1" re seya wa- 1. - t e " 1ku newwua,
,,_
wa-yezanagge anl
.
watchfulness , alertness .
44.
( 8 ) " Buruk
' anta ' Egzi ' o , " ' esma ' abiy denga?e warada l ii ' lehu.
gegay
vn.
giguy
56 .
57.
stupid, inep t .
58.
Gt taba rada
G l t taba rada to
alien, strange .
59.
60 .
take away .
Gt ta' atata
Dt ta' attata
G or pas s . of CG .
' e tut re
mot e , distant .
61 .
CG ' ahyaya to
2 84
J;1aq l ,
285
42 ( 1 7) Wa- ' emdexra- ze nabiro re ' ya be ' s e l ehiqa ya' attu ' em 62
wa-yeblo ' AbmEilek : " Laka ' ebelaka ' ant a lehiq .
' Ayy
4 3 ( 18) Wa-yebelo ' Abemiiil ek : '" Ayte hallo ' Eremeyiis kahen wa
w
63
wa-k e l lu J;1ezba- ze hagar? - - ' esma ' albo za-rakabku . "
Barok Lewawi
44 ( 19) Wa-yebelo ' aragay : ' ' ' Akko-nu ' em- zati hagar ' anta , wa
64
tezzekkaro la- ' Eremeyas ( 20) kama tessa" al
ye' ze_ni _ma
ba' ent i ' ahu?
westa Babilon hal lo mes l a hezb , ' esma tadewawa wa-tawehba westa
65
' edehu la-Nabukadanaor
egusa F ares , a-hora heyya kama yetnabbay
lomu . "
4 5 ( 2 2 ) Wa- ' ameha s am ra ' Abemelek ' em-xaba we ' etu ' aragay, wa
66
yebelo ' Abemelek :
( 2 3) " Soba ' akko be ' s i lehiq ' anta , ' em
68
67
a ' alkuka
l a ' leka, ' al I a ' i-yekawwen k ama
wa- ' em-saJ;1aqqu
69
yas t aJ;1 aqqeru
sab ' a wa-b e ' se lehiqa . Wa-soba ' akko za-kama- z e , ' em
' eb z anga ' ka.
63.
64 .
65 .
Pers ia) .
66 .
67.
alas ,
mudaya
" adeq ' anta, waldeya , ' esma ' i-faqada ' Aml1ik y1ir ' ika
75
l a ' l eka, wa- ' ahyayaka .
51 (31) Wa- ' emma tefattu t a ' mer wa-tetayyeq, waldeya , nasser
:
_
78
76
77
' azre tiha,
wa- l a-bal a ni
kama s ar s a
'
w
kama ' i -kona gizehu . " Wa- ' a' mara kama ' i -kona zamanu la- ze-k ellu.
Lewawi Levit e .
em -
to Babylon . "
See 5 l . l .
lie cZ-at
vn .
71 .
Dt ta?e c cel-a/
cursing , revi liq; .
CG
v i l e , despicab l e .
equr
72.
73.
nawa
nahu.
is surely "Sooner would the cataracts of heaven des cend upon them out
of s eason than that they should go to Babylon , " but this is a para
"Even if the cataracts of heaven
des cended upon them, it would not be the proper time for them to go
74.
75 .
nazaza to cons o l e .
soler .
70 .
69 .
47 ( 25) Wa- ' ane- s a , bakama fannawani ' abuya ' Eremeyas , orku
westa ' aada wayn za-Hagrippas ba ' enta xed1i balas , kama nahab la
Babilon .
aqqal- farmer .
Nahu yom s essa wa- s edestu ' amat kona ' em- ' ama taewawu J;1ezb westa
aql- (p I . ' u l- , ' a7;qal- , ' aqe U) field; any vast and
empty tract .
46 Wa-ba ' enta- s a za-tebe , ' ezb taewawu westa B ab i l on , ' ( 24)
70
s amay eqqa l a' emma warada dibehomu ' i -kona g i z ehu kama
' asraba
62 .
nuzaze
vn .
Lt tanazaza pas s .
76.
77.
caus .
sar?
78.
vn .
an .
con
CG ' araa
sprout , sprouting .
nazazi
consolation.
Gt tazar' a pass .
G zar' a
287
286
w
ba _ k e l lu bahawert . "
balas we ' etu ka ' eba ya' aqqebaki ba-xayla zi ' ahu . "
" 'Ayy we ' etu z entu warx?" Wa' - - 79 za-we , etu M lyazya.
"
" 'Asuru wa-sanuyu l a-warxa Nesan ,
yebel o :
5 7 (8) Wa-kama - ze behilo Barok , ' awse ' a ' Abemelek wa-yebelo :
l aNesal l i kama yar ' eyana ' Egzi ' qaHita za-nesehhef
. .
83
' Eremeyas westa Bab lon kednata
za-kadanani dibeya . "
54 ( 34) Wa- ' emdexra zentu wahabo ' Abeme lek l a - zentu ' aragay
" ' Amlak yemraka ' enta la ' lu
VI
( 1 0) ' Agme ' alota gabreka kama ' emmura yekun ba- l ebbeya faqadaka l a
gabir, wa- ' efannu l a-kahena zi ' aka ' Eremeyas westa Babi lon . "
wa-r e ' ya balasa westa mudayu , wa- ' al ' ala ' a 'yentihu westa samay , wa
80
" 'Abiy we' etu 'Amlak, z a-yehubomu 'asbomu l a
s a l l aya ' enza yebe l :
Wa- ' emdexra- ze yema e ' me ' man , wa-yagabbe ' aki westa
'
"Barok , makare berhan , ' i -taxa l l i kama tefannu ' anta xaba ' Eremeyas .
86
87
ba-sa' ata berhan yemae' xabeka nesr.
Wa- ' anta l alika
Gesa_ma
hawwes ba' enta 'Eremeyas , ( 1 3) wa- s ahaf westa mashaf, wa-balomu kama
'
88
e l a weluda 'E sra' e l :
' za-yeka
n ' engeda
b westetek emu
89
yetfala
' enta batitu ' eska ' asur wa-xamus ' e l at ; wa- ' emdexra-ze
' esma ' aqabki t e ' zazaki ' em-xaba mal ' aka edq .
83.
Although
79.
80.
84 .
On
clause for the l atter and the remainder for the former . The correc
tion of segaya to segaki toward the end of the ver s e , as suggested by
Z mourning , grief.
CG
85 .
86 .
The suffix
Zehew/
88.
the morrow.
Qt
ta' angada t o b e
a stranger o r guest .
89 .
eyu' rotten .
Zuhew grieving.
82 . G ?eJ a to rot .
( 1 2)
wa-xamus ' em-Bab i l on , - - yeba' ' Eremeyas westa hagar, wa-yez lefomu
90
la-sab ' a Babilon _ _ yebe ' Egzi ' . " ,
' abawwe ' akemu westa hagar -- yebe ' Egzi ' ; ( 14) za- ' i -tafal a ba- ' asur
(4) awwei westa zazi ' aki dengelenna haymanot , wa- ' emani
v
5 5 ( 1 ) Wa-tanse ' a ' Abeme l e k , wa-wa ' a ' af ' a ' em-hagar, wa
berhan . '
vn.
90.
Gt
CG
tafaZpa pas s .
J afZapa to
G lt
289
2 88
( 1 6 ) Wa60 (15) Zanta behilo mal ' ak xalafa ' em-xaba Barok .
92
91
93
ernrnat ,
wa-maya
wa- ' arn e ' a kertasa
B aro k fannawo ' eska mareb ,
wa- s ahafa ' enza yebel :
ter . )
VII
6 1 (1) Wa-tanse ' a Barok wa-wad ' a , eifo kama - z e , ' em-maqaber .
'
94
Barok, maggabe hayrnanot . "
62 ( 2 ) Wa-yeb-elo nesr : " B -ahaka
w
( 3 ) Wa-yebelo Barok : '' ' Esma xeruy ' anta ' em-k ellu ' a ' wafa samay,
tetnagar .
tafannawku . "
65 (8) Wa-nas' a Barok maafa wa- l O wa-5 balasa ' em-zeku mudaya
balas za- ' ame ' a ' Abemelek, wa- ' asara westa kesadu l a-ne s r .
w
66 . Wa-yebe1o :
(9) " Laka ' ebel nesr, negusomu la-k e l lomu
( 1 0) Wa- ' i or ba-s alarn wa-ba-eywat . Zena ' ame ' l ana .
w 95
xabehu;
dagema
a
'
gabi
abaya
'
waNox,
za-fannawo
a'
tetmas alo la-q
96
_
) Kamahu
1
1
(
.
za-se l s a ' agbe ' at qala la-Nox
' a l 1 a tamasala la regb
' a ' wa f .
' anta-ni nesa' zanta qalata sannaya l a - ' Eremeyas wa- l a - ' e lla hal l awu
mes lehu ' E sra ' e l , kama sannaya yekunka; wa-nesa' zanta tefsehta
clear in the Ethiopic or the Greek ("The one who does not separate
himse l f from Babylon is not to enter the city, 0 J eremiah .
I am
finding fault with them so that they will .not be accepted back by the
See verse 90 below for the situation al luded to here .
Babylonians . ")
91 .
caus .
breadth .
rab
reat idem.
CG
' araba
re?b width,
93.
94 .
W
q a < (p l . -at) raven , crow.
96 .
w
67 ( 1 2) Wa- ' ernrna-ni ' oduka ' a' waf kWellu, wa-k ell omu
al a ' eyaniha l a -edq, ' enza yefaqqedu yeqteluka, tabadar , wa- ' Egzi '
yah
ka xayl a ;
wa- ' i -tetmaya ' i - l a-yaman wa- ' i - l a-agarn, ' al I a kama
69 ( 1 4) Wa-xalafu ' enta heyya kama yeqberu be ' s e z a-mot , ' esma
_
sa' alo ' Eremeyas la-Nabukadanaor ' enza yebel : "Habani medra xaba
' eqabber ' em-ezbeya . "
Wa-wahabo .
qedma zeku nesr . Wa-arxa nesr ba- ' abiy qal wa-yebe : ' 'Laka ' ebelaka
' Eremeyas xeruya 'Amliik. ur wa- ' astagabe' omu l a-kwe l l omu ezb, wa
yeme ' u zeyya kama yesme ' u sannaya zena za- ' amsa ' ku . "
99
la- ' E zi ' abher, wa - sobeha
7 1 (16) Wa-sarni ' o zanta, sabbeJ;10
,
-b e ' a kWello ezba wa- ' anestiyiihomu wa-daqiqomu, wa-bau xaba
as t aga
ha1 1 0 nesr .
Wa
zanta gabra kama ye ' manu ; ( 1 8 ) wa- ' ankara kW ellu J;1ezb ba' enta za-kon
73 Wa-yebe1 u :
' abawina ba-gadiim mes l a Muse ; wa-tamasl a ba- ' amsala nesr, wa,
ast ar ' aya lana kama ' enta nesr ' abiy . "
74 ( 1 9) Wa-yebe lo nesr l a- ' Eremeyas ' enza yebel :
serna' zanta maJ:1afa, wa- ' anbeb l a-ezb . "
"Na' a wa
westa maJ:1af, kamahu gebaru, wa-yagabbe ' akemu westa hagarekemu . "
7 7 ( 23) Wa-afa ' Eremeyas maJ:1afa la-Barok, kama-ze ' enza
97 .
98.
Barari
serur
Dt taBabbea pas s .
sebbae prai s e , glorification , hymn .
290
:! '
.' 1
JI1;
I '
i
,i '
' l!.i ;
"
i'
,
,
:, 1.,1
,
'1I
: I
I t
I I
'I
i
,
i'
ij'
,
291
yebel : "Waldeya fequr, ' i-tethakay alota ' enza teganni la- ' Amlak
ba' enti ' ana, kama yemretana westa fenotena, ' e ska newae ' ba-te ' zaza
zentu negus xa!e' .
78 "Wa- ' anta-s a edqa rakabka ba-qedma 'Amlak , za- ' i -xadagaka
tema ' meslena, kama ' i-ter ' ay ' ekuya za-yetgabbar dibehomu la-hezb
ba-Babilon .
7 9 (24) " Bakama ' ab za-bo weluda ' aada , wa-we ' etu tawehba kama
W
yetk annan, wa- ' ella hallawu xaba ' abuhu, ' ella yenazezewwo ,
yekaddenu gaomu kama ' i-yer' ayewwo la- ' abuhu yaxasser ba-azan ,
kama-ze kiyaka tasahal aka ' Amlak , wa- ' i-xadagaka temsa' Babilon kama
' i -ter ' ay mendabe tezb .
80 "Esma ' em- ' ama baana westa zentu hagar, ' i -ya ' rafna ' eska
yom ' em-hazan, sessa wa-sedestu ' limat yom. (25) ' Enza naxasses
nerkab 100 ' em-hezb sequllin ' em-xaba Nabukadanasor negus, ' enza
yebakkeyu Wa-ybelu : ' TaSahalana ' amlak Sor . , iOl (26) Wa-soba
sama 'ku zanta nagara, azanku wa-bakayku, soba yeewwe'u kal e ' a
' aml aka sequlan, wa-yebelu 'Tasahalana. ' Wa-ka ' eba ' ezzekkar ' ana
ba 'al a za-gabarna ba- ' Iyarusalem za' enbala neewaw; (27) wa
tazakkireya 'egabbe ' westa beteya ' enza 'ee" ar l02 wa- ' ebakki .
81 (28) "Wa-ye ' ze-ni ' astabqwe 'u l a- ' Amlakena ba-xaba hallawkemu,
' anta wa- 'Abemelek , ba' enta ezb, kama yesme 'u qaleya wa-nagara
' afuya, kama yega'u ' emenna Fares .
82 (29) "Wa-ye ' ze-ni ' ebelaka, kWeUo mawa ' ela za-nabarna zeyya
' axazuna ' enza yebelu : 'Negeruna maleta addisa ' em-maaleyih[ la
eyon, mleya za- ' amlakekemu. ' Wa-nebelomu : " Efo naalli l akemu
100. The Ethiopic "Whi le we were seeking to find" does not
make too much sense . The Greek has "Often , on going out , I would
find some of the people being crucified by Nebuchadnezzar the king . . . "
101. Sor Gk . Sar , presumably from Heb . zQr, a designation
for any foreign deity. The Greek of the fol lowing is al so clearer
than the Ethiopic : "On hearing this , I would grieve on two accounts :
not only because they were being crucified, but also because they
were cal ling on an alien god . "
102. G ?e 'ra to be grieved, pained, afflicted. CG ' a? 'ara
CD ' a?a f <ara to inflict grief or pain upon . Dt ta?e Hera pas s . of CD.
?e 'ur/?e " ur grieved , pained, afflicted. ?a 'r pain, torment , grief,
affliction .
=
103. G tab <a to be brave , manly. teb ' teb 'at bravery, cour
age , virtue . taba 't (pI . ' atbu ') n . a male . tabba ' taba 'i (pl .
taba 't) adj . male, strong. taba 'tawi (or -ay) adj . mal e , masculine.
104. G fatana (yeften) to investigate, explore ; to examine,
test . CG ' aftana to hand over for examination . Gt tafatna p as s . of
G . fetun investigated , examined, tested. fatani examiner , tester.
105 . ' anestiya (coIl . ) the women, womenfolk.
106. hi? (pl . ' aby ) friend, comrade, companion; neighbor; a
singl e individual . D bayya?a to separate, distinguish, discern . Glt
tabaya to become companions .
=
29 3
292
westa Babilon . "
waa' kemu ' em-xabna; wa-ba' enta z entu ' i-tebawwe ' u westa hagaren a ,
' esma tamaalna ba-sema ' amlakena kama kiyakemu wa- ' awal edikemu ' i
netwkkaf, ' esma ba-xebu ' xalafkemu ' emennna . "
9 1 ( 8 ) Wa-s ami ' omu kama - ze gab ' u westa ' Iyarusalm , wa-hanasu
l omu ' ahgura westa ' adyl1mihli l a- ' Iyarusalem, wa-samayewwa l a -zeku
hagar Samareya .
"Nass ehu wa-nawa yemasse ' mal ' aka .;; e dq wa-yagabbe ' akemu westa
:, i 0 8
makane emu za-nawwlix.
IX
9 2 (1) Wa-nabaru ' enza yetfesseu wa-yesawwe ' u s abu ' a ' el at a
b a ' enta I}ezb .
9 3 (2) Wa- ' ama ' asur ' e l at ' em - z a tagabra zentu, ' a ' raga
' Eremeyas maswl1 ' ta btitu .
94
(3)
Wa- s a 1 1 aya ' Eremeylis ' enza yebel : " Qeddus qeddus
l09
te ' um l a- s ab ' , wa-berhan za-ba- ' aman za
qeddus ' anta, ma ' za
Mika ' el (mal ' aka edq we ' etu) , z a-yarexxu ' anaqea edq ' e ska
w
yebawwe ' ewwon .
( 6) ' As t abaqqWe ' aka ' E g z i ' l a-k el lu, wa- ' Egzi ' za
w
kWe llo ye ' exxez , wa -k e l l o fatara za-yastare " i , wa-za- ' i -tawalda,
w
w
za-k e l lo faama , wa-k e l lu fetrat xebu' hal lo xabehu, z a ' enbala
107.
kama ' aadu be ' si za-wa ' a nafsu ' em- l a' lehu .
9 8 (10) Wa- ' emdexra ' astadalawu ba-za yeqabberewwo mas ' a qal
.
'
- we ' etu, wa-nafsu
za-yebel :
I -tegne zewwo . eyaw
t egabbe ' diba
1 08 .
9 9 ( 1 2) Wa- sami ' omu zanta qlil a , ' i -ganazewwo , ' al Ia nabaru
' enza ya ' aqqebewwo ' awdo salus a mawa ' e l a , ' eska tegabbe ' nafsu westa
segll.hu .
100 ( 1 3 ) Wa-kona qll.l ba-mll. ' ka l a k We110mu wa-yebe : "Sabbehewwo
ba- ' ahadu qll.l , sabbeewwo la- ' Amlll.k ; wa-kwellekemu s abbehu l a_m sihl14
me <uz fragrant ,
ma<ar honey.
sweeten .
111.
101 (14) " Wa-yekawwen ' emdexra- z e mawa' e l salas me ' t wa-salas
sanbatat za-mawll.' e l l a-me ' atu west a medr .
west a gannat wafere wa-yebUSll.na
5t at ak l a ,
'"
westa beta maqdas , wa-meslehu Barok wa- ' Abemelek; wa-kona ' E remeyas
fig . ) .
112.
113.
<awyat
vn
116
wa-yenuxu,
wai l ing .
merrat
vn
bitternes s .
114.
115 .
verdure , tenderness .
ZemZiime
2 95
294
nahab ;; abbta
_
I
j,
I'
I1
',
l1S
119
kama t ak l
117
1 04 ( IS) "Wa_we ' etu lalihu yebaww e ' westa ' al am , wa-yaxarri
lotu awareyata ' asarta wa-ke l ' et a kama yetra' ay l omu za- ' ana re ' iku
125
za-yetfenno ' em-xaba ' abuhu, za-yemasse
sergewa ,
. ' westa ' al am wal2S
127
126
nafsa
rexebt a . "
aggeb
wa-ya
,
yekayyed
westa Dabra Zayt
D ?abbea t o exact/col lect taxes o r tribute .
caus .
idem.
CD ' aabbe
maabbei
lIS.
' iyor, ' ayar (p l . -at) the air, atmosphere (from Gk . aer) .
119.
serw (pl . -at, seraw , ' asraw) root ; nerve , mus cl e , tendo
G sarawa
Gt tasarwa
Dt
gated.
'1
,
l'
red(ne s s ) .
I I
! I;
,
,i
I I
; !.
122.
white .
qiat
e <dew adj .
?e <d:
awe whitenes s .
G.
CG
fied.
127.
"Ba- zati
'" Armemu .
' i-yekelu qatiloteya ' eska ' ezenewakemu kWello za-re' iku .
ye ' ze-ni ' ame ' u l ita ' aatta ' ebna . "
(24) Wa
1 1 2 (2S) Wa- ' Eremeyas zenawomu la-Barok wa-la- ' Abemelek kWello
za-re ' ya xebu ' ata, ( 2 9 ) wa- ' emdexra- z e faimo nagirotomu, hora wa
qoma ma ' kala
ezb ,
rexub
daqiqa ' Esra ' e l , ba' enta ment teweggeruni ' enza ta.mas seluni ' Eremeyas
ha?
129.
130.
131 .
126.
something.
1 0 6 (20) Wa-soba s am 'u zanta ezb , tame " u ba ' enta zentu, wa
"Zentu we ' etu nagarat za_ ' Isayeyas 129 walda ' Amo , za-yebe l :
yeblu :
III ( 2 7) Wa- ' axazu yewaggerewwo la- ' ebn ' enza yemass e l omu
117.
1 0 5 (19) Wa-kama- z e nagara ' Eremeyas ba' enta walda ' Amlak , kama
296
297
'i
I J
132
wa-atafu
God of I srael made , who led us out of the fiery l and of Egypt :
"Be
cause you did not keep al l his righteous (acts) , but became haughty
Addendum :
and refractory , he has handed you over to the furnace of Babylon , for
F essea wa-aset .
( 1 8 ) Ba' enta
ze ' astara ' Eg z i ' diba ' anbe ' ena , wa-tazakkara ser' ata za- ' aqdama
mes l a ' abawina ' Abreham Yesaq wa-ya' qob .
60b (19) Wa-fannawa mal ' ako xabeya , wa-nagarani ' e l l anta n agara
z a- l a' akku xabeka .
( 20) ' E l l a ' emantu nagar za-gabra ' Egz i ' ' Amlaka
' Esra ' l , za- ' awe ' ana ' em-medra Geb za- ' essat :
' aqabkemu kWello . edqatihu, ' a l l [ ' al ' alkemu l ebbakemu wa- ' agzafkemu
( 2 2) ' e sma
' i - s ama' kemu qaleya - - yebe ' E gz i ' aber ' em- ' afa ' Eremeyas qWe l ' ehu .
60c La- ' el l a sam ' u ' wae ' omu ' em-Babi lon , wa- ' i-yekawwenu
nagda ' em- ' Iyarusalem ba- Biibi lon .
60d ( 23) Wa - ' emma - s a tefattu ta'meromu, fetenomu ba-maya
Yord[nos , wa-za- ' i -yes amme ' yet ' ammar .
m[xtam .
6 0 a T o wit (1) :
For God wi l l
not al low u s t o depart (from this l ife) grieving about the r evil ement
and destruction (of the city) .
t e ars and has remembered the covenant which he estab l i shed previously
with our fathers Abraham, I s aac, and Jacob .
60b He sent his ange l to me and told me these words which I
perverse ; infidel , heretical .
132 .
p as s .
60c Those who have heeded I shal l bring forth from Babylon , and
60d I f you wish to know them, test them in the water of the
you did not heed my voice" - - thus s aid the Lord through Jeremiah,
his servant .
Gt ta < aqwa
ma<o (pl .
Jordan, and let him who does not heed become known .
sign :
This is the
299
298
III .
Wangel qeddus z a- ' Egzi ' ena wa-madxanina ' Iyasus Kerestos ,
The text trans literated here is that of the Ethiopic New Testa
ment dis tributed by the British ( and American) B ib l e Society :
WangeZ
Qeddus za-J Egzi' ena wa-Madxenena ' Iyasus Kerestos wa-ma?aheftihomu 11awareyatu qeddusan (Leip zig, 1 89 9 ; reprinted 1949) .
Chapter I
Maafa ledatu l a - ' Iyasus Kerestos walda Dlwit walda ' Abreham
(1 8) Wa- l a- ' Iyasus Kerestos kama- ze we ' etu ledatu .
Maryam la-Yosef, wa- z a ' enbala yetqarabu tarakbat ' enza-ba westa
maana ' em-manfas qeddus .
zanta yexe l 1 i , nahu ' astar' ayo mal ' aka ' Egzi ' ab er ba-e1m ' enza
yebe 1 :
Yosf walda Dawit , ' i -tefrah nasi ' ota 1 a-Maryam fexerteka, 'esma
za- ' em- 1 a ' leha yetwa1 1 ad ' em-manfas qeddus we ' etu .
( 2 1 ) Wa
tewa1 1 ed walda, wa-te awwe ' s emo ' Iyasus -ha, ' esma we ' etu
w .
(22) Wa- z e -k e l lu kona kama
yadexxen J:ezbo ' em-xa!awe ' ihomu .
yetfaam za-tabeh1a ' em-xaba 'Egzi ' aber ba-nabiy ' enza yebe 1 :
Nahu denge1 teannes wa-tewa1 1ed walda, wa-yeewwe 'u semo
'Amanu ' l , za-we ' etu ba-tergWamehu :
(23) Wa-tansi 'o Yosf ' em-newamu , gabra bakama ' az z azo ma1 ' aka
' Eg z i ' abJ:er. Wa-nas ' a l a-Maryam fexertu , wa- ' i -ya'mara ' e sk a wa1adat
w
walda za-bak ra . Wa- awwe ' a semo ' Iyasus-ha.
Chapter I I
1.
e Zm (p I . J zam) dream .
fexert fi ance e .
faxari fiance .
she is pregnant .
G aZama to dream.
Dt tZ Zama
301
300
yebelu :
(2)
w
( 3) Wa-sami ' o Hrodes negus, dangada wa-tahawka, wa-k e l l a 'Iyarusalem
w
mes l ehu.
(4) Wa- ' astagab i ' o l a-k e l lomu liqana kahenat wa-s ahafta
(5) Wa-yebelewwo :
(6)
Wa- ' anti-ni Btaleem, medra Yehuda, ' i -t aei ' emenna
masafenta Yehuda, ' esma ' emenneki yewae ' negus
w
mak annen za-yere" eyomu l a-ezbeya ' Esra' el .
(7) Wa- ' emze awwe ' omu Herodes l a -masaggelan emmi t a , wa-taayyaqa
( 8 ) Wa-fannawomu
' em-xabhomu mawa ' e l ihu ba-za ' astar' ayomu kokab .
rakabkemewwo , zenewuni kama ' ema' ' ana-hi wa- ' e s ged l otu.
Wa-nahu kokab za-re ' yu z a- ' em
eba yemarreomu ' eska soba baio qoma mal ' elta xaba hal l o e an .
( 1 1 ) Wa-bawi ' omu
( 1 0) Wa-re ' eyomu kokaba, tafasseu fessea ' abiya .
westa bet , re' yewwo la-ean mes l a Maryam ' emmu .
lotu, wa- ' arxawu mazagebtihomu, wa- ' abe ' u lotu ' ammexa :
sexina wa-karb .
warqa wa
Hrodes , wa- ' enta kale ' fenot gab ' u wa- ' atawu betromu .
2.
3.
hukat idem.
G safana (yesfen) to become strong, powerfu l ; to exercise
diba, Za r Za , Za- , or a . d . o . ) .
controller, governor .
saani rul er ,
away, hide .
store-room, magazine .
sexin frankincens e .
( 1 6) Wa-soba re' ya Hero des kama tasalaqu la ' Hhu s ab ' a s agal , tam ' e 'a
,
eqqa, wa- fannawa wa-qata l a kW e l lo hedanata za-Betalehem wa- za-westa
kWe l lu ' adyamiha za-ke l ' e ' amat wa- a yene" es -hi , ba ama mawa 'el za
taayyaqa ' em-xaba ' el l a s agal .
( 1 8) Qal ba-Rama tasam ' a , bekay wa- saqoqaw b e zux ; Rae l ' enza
tebakki ba' enta we luda, wa-ta' abbi tanazezo , ' esma ' i -konewwa
we luda .
( 1 9) Wa-mawito Herodes , nahu ma1 ' aka ' Egz i ' aber ' as t ar ' ayo ba-helm
1 a-Yosf ba-Geb ( 20) ' enza r ebel :
Tansi ' aka, nesa' teana wa- ' emmo , wa-hur westa medra ' Esra' e l ,
' esma motu ' el l a yaxassesewwa l a-nafs a ze -ean .
( 2 1 ) Wa-tansi ' o , nas ' a teana wa- ' emmo , wa-bo ' a medra ' Esra ' el .
(22)
Wa- sami ' o kama 'Ark la' os yenagges la-Yehuda heyyant a ' abuhu Herodes ,
farha tawira heyya.
kal'be myrrh .
( 1 ) Wa-ba-we ' etu mawa ' e 1 baa Yohannes Mameq ' enza yes abbek ba
gadama Yehuda, (2)
11.
status of a masfen .
8.
( 1 5) Wa-nabara heyya ' eska ' ama motu la-Herodes , kama yetfa am za
tabehla ' em-xaba ' E g zi ' abr ba-nabiy ' enza yebe l :
Gt tahawka pas s .
( 23) Wa-baito, xadara westa beer ' enta serna Nazeret , kama yetfaam
( 1 3) Wa- ' emdexra xalafu, nahu mal ' aka 'Egzi' aber ' astar' ayo ba-elm
II
heyya ' eska ' ama ' enaggeraka, ' esma hal l awo l a-Herodes yexseso
Bt alem-ha wa-yeblomu :
w
Tan
s e ' wa-nes
-a ' hed
. . ana wa- ' emmo , wa-g eyay westa Geb , wa-hallu
( Za r Za) .
22.
303
302
III
pas s .
3.
Gt
taseha
(pI .
12.
sa <aya
threshing-floor.
t o winnow .
sernay/sernay
mas<e
Wa- ' emze xadago . ( 16) Wa-taamiqo ' Iyaus , seha wa'a ' em-may, wa
nahu tarexwa lotu samay, wa-re 'ya manasa 'Egzi ' abher ' enza yewarred
kama regb, wa-nabara la ' lhu. ( 1 7) Wanahu ma ' a qal ' em-samay za
yebel :
Ze-we' etu waldeya za- ' afaqqer, za-botu samarku .
Chapter IV
Wa- ' emze ' Iyasus ' a ' rago manfas gadama yetmakkar ' em-xaba
. ( 2 ) Wa-awimo mawa 'ela ' arbe ' a wa- ' arbe ' a layaleya, wa
abelos
Diy
, emdexra- ze rexba. ( 3) Wa-qarba za-yamekkero wa-yebiHo:
'Emma waldu-s a ' anta la- ' Egzi' aber, bal kama ' ellu ' a ' ban
xebesta yekuna .
(4) Wa- ' aws ' a ' Iyasus wa-yebe :
geuf kama ' akko ba-xebest kema za-yaayyu s ab ' , ' alIa ba
kWellu qal za-yewae ' ' ern- ' afuhu la- 'Egz i ' aber .
(5) Wa- ' emze nas ' o Diyabelos westa qeddest hagar, wa- ' aqamo westa
tadbaba beta maqdas , ( 6) wa-yebel o :
' Emma-sa ' aman wal du ' anta til- ' Egzi ' abher ;>- 'wa-tawaiaw tahta.
' sma euf kama l a-mala ' ektihu . ye ' ezz zomu ba'. ent
'. aka- =kama
'
ye 'qabuka ba-kwellu fenoteka, wa-ba- ' edaw yanasse 'uka kama ' i t et 'aqaf ba- ' ebn . ' egraka.
(7) Wa- ' awse' a ' Iyasus wa-yebelo:
Ka'eba euf: ' I -tamakkero la- ' Egzi ' aber ' AmIakeka.
(8) Wa- ' emze 'adi nas'o Diyabelos westa dabr nawwax !eqqa , wa- ' ar' ayo
kWello mangestata 'alam wa-kebromu. (9) Wa-yebelo :
Zanta kWello ' ehubaka la' emma sagadka lita wa- ' ammaxkani .
( 10) Wa- ' emze yebelo ' Iyasus :
ur ' emdexreya Sayan . geuf we ' etu: La- 'Egzi ' aber ' Amlakeka
t esged, wa-kiyahu baQtito tamlek .
(1)
. ' "
..
". !
.....
3 04
30 5
(11) Wa- ' emze xadago Diyabelos , wa-nahu mala' ekt ma ' u yetla' akewwo .
(12) Wa-sami ' o ' Iyasus kama Yoannes ta' exza, tagesa westa Gal i 1a .
(13) Wa-xadaga la-Nazert . Wa-ma i ' o , xadara Qefernahom, ' enta
mangala bar westa ' adbara Zabulon wa-Neftalem, (14) kama yetfaam
za-tabehla ba- ' I sayeyas nabiy ' enza yebe l :
Medra Zabulon wa-medra Neftalem, fenota bar ma'dota Yordanos ,
Galila ' enta ' azab . ( 1 6) ezb za-yenabber westa elmat re'ya
berhana 'abiya; wa-la- ' el la-hi yenabberu westa selmat wa
elalota mot berhan saraqa omu .
4 . Ba' enta temhert qadami zamahara 'Egzi' ena Kerestos
( 17) 'Em- ' amha ' axaza ' Iyasus yesbek wa-yebal :
Tanasseu, 'esma qarbat mangesta samayat .
(18) Wa- ' enza yansosu mangala bara Galila, re'ya kel ' eta ' axawa ,
Sem'on-ha, za-tasamya P!ros, wa- 'Endreyas-ha' ' exwahu, ' enza
yewaddeyu marbabta westa bar, ' esma masaggeran ' emuntu. (19) Wa
yeblomu ' Iyasus :
Ne 'u, telewuni dexrya, wa- ' eresseyakemu tekunu masaggerana
sab ' .
(20) Wa-ba-gizha xadagu masagerihomu wa-talawewwo . (21) Wa- 'adiwo
' em-heyya, re'ya kal e ' ana kel ' eta ' axawa, Ya 'qob-ha walda Zabdewos
wa-Yohannes-ha
' exwahu, westa hamar
mesla Zabdewos ' abuhomu yesarre'u
.
.
'
masagerihomu, wa- awwe omu . (22) Wa-ba-gizeha xadigomu amara wa' abahomu, talawewwo . {2 3) Wa- ' ansosawa ' Iyasus westa kWellu Galilii.
17. ' em-' ameha from that time onward .
18. Q ' ansosawa to walk, stroll . G rababa to expand, extend,
pas s . and intrans . rebbat expanow
spread out ( trans . ) . Gt tabba
sion, extension. ma:rbabt net .
19. G taZawa (yetZu) to fo llow, accompany (a. d . o . or Za-) . CG
' at Zawa caus . Glt tataZawa recipr. te Zwat/teZot vn . following ;
dowry . taZawi fol lower ; disciple, pupil ; sectarian ; successor .
matZew adj . following. mat Zew/matZo that which fol lows , succession ;
rest , remainder . matZewa adv. then , immediately thereafter , in succession .
20. masga:rt (pl . masager) net , fishing-gear . CG ' asgara to
hunt, trap , snare, fl sh . Gt tasagra pass . sagarat ards (of j ail
or prison) . ' asgari hunter, fisherman .
Chapter V '
Ba' enta beu ' an
( 1) Wa-re' eyo ' azaba, ' arga westa dabr . Wa-nabiro, qarbu xabehu
' arda' ihu. (2) Wa-kasata ' afahu, wa-maharomu ' enza yebel :
(3) Be?u ' an naddayan ba-manfas, ' esma lomu ye' eti mangesta
.
samayat . (4) Beu , an ' ella yelaJ:ewu ye' ze , ' esma ' emuntu
yetfesseu . .( 5 ) Be?u ' an yawwahan, ' esma ' emuntu yewarresewwii.
la-medr . (6) Be?u ' an ' ella yerexxebu wa-yeaj1lJ1\e: u la-edq ,
' esma ' emuntu yeaggebu . (7) Beu 'an maJ:areY , "esma ' emuntu
.
yetmaJ:J:aru. (8) Beu ' an neuana lebb , ' esma ' emuntu
yere" eyewwo la- 'Egzi ' abJ:er . (9) Beu'an gabareyana salam,
' esma ' emuntu weluda ' .Egzi ' abher
. . . .(W) . edu 'an
. yessaJlll!l<lY U.
.
. . . - . "." .
.
' el la yessaddadu ba' enta edq , ' e sma lomu ye' eti mangesta
samayat . (11) Beu ' an ' antemu soba yesaddedukemu wa
yezanaggWegukemu wa-yeabb (eb)u kWello ' ekaya la ' lekemu, ' enza
yeJ:es sewu ba- ' enti ' aya. (12) TafasseJ:u wa-taJ:asayu , ' e sma
' asbekemu bezux we ' etu ba-samayat , ' esma kama- ze sadadewwomu
ridic ule .
306
307
rasa we' etu la-Gahannama ' essat . ( 2 3) Wa- ' emkama-ke ta.bawwe '
ammexakil- westa meswa '. , wa-ba-hilyya tazakkarka kama-bo ' exuka
za-yaayye saka, (24) xedeg heyya maba' aka qedma meswa ' , wa-hur ,
'
qedma takwanan mesla ' exuka, wa- ' emze gabi ' aka. ' abe' ' ammexaka
.
( 2 5 ) Kun abiba la- ' edeweka feuna, ' enza halloka meslehu westa
fenot, kama ' i-yemauka ' edeweka 1 a-makw annen , wa-makwann en
la-la'ku, wa-westa moqe tetwaday . ( 2 6 ) ' Arnan ' ebelaka : ' i
tewae ' ' em-heyya ' eska soba tefaddi !eq kWello .' (27)
Sama ' kemu kama tabehla : ' I -tezammew . ( 2 8 ) Wa- ' ane-sa
' ebelakemu : kWellu za-yere " i be' sita wa-yefattewa wadde ' a
zammawa bati ba-lebbu. ( 2 9) 'Emma ' ayneka ' enta ' yaman
taseetaka, melexa wa- ' awe ' a ' em-la ' leka, ' esma yexeyyesaka
kama yethagWal ' aadu ' emenna ' abaleka ' em-kwellu segaka
yetwaday westa Gahannam. ( 30) Wa- ' emma ' enta yaman ' edeka
taseetaka, metera wa- ' awe ' a ' em- la' leka, ' esma yexeyyesaka
yethagWal ' aadu ' emenna ' abaleka ' em_kw eiiantahu-. segaka west a
Gahannam yetwaday. ( 3 1 ) Wa-'t abehl a : . za-xadaga be'sito yahaba
maafa xedgatiha.. ( 3 2 ) Wa- ' arte-sa " ebelakernU kama kWellu za
yaxaddeg be ' sito za ' enbala tezammu yeresseya tezammu . ( 3 3) Wa
za-hi xedegta ' awsaba zammawa . . Wa-ka 'el:ia sainakemu kama
tabehla la-qadamt : ' I -temhalu ba-J:assat ; ' agbe'u batu la
' Egzi ' abJ:er maalakemu . (34) Wa- ' ane-sa ' ebe lakemu : ' 1 tealu gemura : wa- 'i-samaya, 'esma manbaru la- 'Egzi ' aber
we ' etu; ( 3 5 ) wa- ' i -medra, ' esma makayyada ' egarihu ye ' et i ; wa
' i-ba- ' IyaruslUem, ' esma hagaru ye ' eti la-negus ' abiy . ( 36)
sew
abuse .
25 .
308
309
Wa- ' i-ba-re ' s eka temal , ' esma ' i -tekel ' ahatta se ' erta re' seka
a ' ada rasseyo wa- ' i - ' as lemo . ( 3 7 ) Yekun batu nagarekemu
' emma-hi ' ewwa ' ewwa wa- ' emma-hi ' albo ' albo . ( 38) Wa-fadfa.da
sa ' em- ' ellu ' em- ' ekuy we' etu. (39) Sama' kemu kama tabehla :
' Ayn beza ' ayn, wa-senn bza senn . Wa- ' ane-sa ' ebelakemu : ' 1 tetqawameo la- ' ekuy; wa-la-za-hi af ' aka ' enta yaman
maltataka mi lotu kale' ta-hi . (40) Wa-la- za-hi yefaqqed
yet' aggalka wa-malbasaka yensa ' , xedeg lotu wa-lebsaka-ni .
(41) Wa-la- za-hi ' abba::aka me ' rafa ' aJ:ada, ur lIIeslehu kel ' eta.
( 42) La- za yese" elaka hab wa- la-za yefaqqed ' em-xabeka
yetlaqqa ' i -tekle ' o . (43) Sama ' kemu kama tabehla: ' Afqer
biaka, wa-ela' ala' eka . (44) Wa- ' ane-sa ' ebelakemu : ' Afqeru
ala' takemu , barekewwomu la- ' ella yeraggemukemu, sannaya gebaru
la- ' ella yeal le ' ukemu, wa-alleyu ba ' enta ' ella yesaddedukemu,
'Esma
(45) kama tekunu weluda la- ' abukemu za-ba-samayat .
zenama
wa-yazannem
wa-xeran,
ekuyan
'
la
la'
yasarreq
?aaya
to grow, be green . sa <r (pl . ' as <ert) herbage ,
vegetation, gras s . se <ur grassy, covered with vegetation . se <ert
(pI . ' as <ert) hair (of head or body) .
37 . ' emma-hi . . . ' emma-hi either . . . or .
39 . beza prep . in exchange for; n . price of redemption. senn
(pl . senan , ' asnan) tooth . Dt tasannana Glt tasanana to enter into
litlgation with , to contend with . tasnan lawsuit, litigation , con
troversy. G ?af <a (ye?ta<) to strike , slap , box . Gt ta?af <a pas s .
?ef<at a blow, slap . maltat (pl . maLate) j aw, cheek .
4 0 . Dt ta <aggaLa to cheat , defraud; to oppress , treat unjustly, rob . te <ge Lt fraud, defrauding , robbing; injury, damage .
4 1 . D <abbapa to compel, force , coerce .
42 . Dt taLaqqea to borrow. D Laqqea to lend . Leqqa a loan .
4 4 . G ragama (yergem) to curse, execrate. Gt taragma pas s .
G l t taragama pas s . regum cursed, execrated . ragami curser, exe
crator. margam (pl . - at) curse, execration .
4 5 . G zanma to rain . CG ' aznama to bring rain , cause it to
rain . D <amma4a to sin, act unj ustly or wickedly; to harm, injure .
<ammaqi unj ust , wicked, criminal . <amma inj ustice , wickedness .
36.
se <ra
I.a >la adeqan wa-: 'ammaeyan . (46) Wa- ' emm,,:-sa : tafaqqeru za
y1ifaqqerakemu, menta' ' asba bekemu? 'Akko- \l.u l!Ia}ab6aweyan-h i
kamahu yegabberlJ? (47) Wa- ' emma tasai1iaxi<:e, ' ; axawi kmu kema
menta ' enka fadfada tegabbeu? ' Akko-nu ' ahzab-ni kiyahu-sa
yegabberu? (4 8) Kunu-ke ' antemu-s a feumana kama 'abukemu
samayawi feum we ' etu.
,
Chapter
VI.
(1) Wa-baJ;ltu 'uqu mewatakemu ' i-tegbaru la- ' ayna sab kama tastar' eyu
lomu . Wa- ' emma - ' akko-sa, ' asba ' albekemu' ba-xaba , ' abukemu za-ba
samyat . (2) Soba-ke tegabber mewata, ' i-tenfax qarna qedmeka, kama
madlewan yegabberu ba-makwarebt wa-ba- ' askWat, kama yet ' akWatu ' em
xaba sab ' . 'Arnan ' ebelakemu, hagW lu ' esetomu . (3) Wa- ' anta-sa, soba
tegabber me;;wata, ' i-ta' mer <;tagameka za-tegabber yamaneka, (4) kama
ba-xebu ' yekun mewateka . Wa- ' abuka za-yere " i za-ba-xebu '
yefaddeyaka kesuta. ( 5 ) Wa-soba-hi teselleyu, ' i-tekunu kama
mad 1 ewlln, ' esma yafaqqeru ba-makwarebt" wa-we a rna ;a e;;";arahebt
qa\ima wa-alleyo, kama yastar' eyu la-sab ' . " Man:,Qelakemu : hagWlu
' esetomu. (6) Wa- ' anta sa soba ; eel li , bi , betaka wa- ' eu xoxtaka,
wa-al li la- ' abuka l a-za-ba-xebu ' , wa- ' buka za-yere " i ba-xebu '
"
ya 'asseyaka kesuta . ( 7 ) Wa- ' enza tei r ';i -t z'ane ; kama ' azab,
' esma yemasselomu ba- ' abzexo nebabomu za-yesamme 'omu. (8) ' 1 tetmasalewwomu-ke , ' esma ya ' airuner ' abukemu s'amayawi za-tefaqqedu
za' enbala tes ' alewwo . ( 9 ) Kama-ze-ke ;;al leyu ' antemu-sa :
' Abuna za-ba-samyat , yetqaddas semeka. ( 1 0) Tem;;a' mangesteka
Yekun faqadaka bakama ba-samay wa-ba-medr-ni: "' ( 1 1 ) Sisayana
za-la-la 'elatena habana yom. (1,2) .Wa-xedeg lana ' abbasana
-"
kama neJ:na-ni naxaddeg la- za- ' abbas a lan: ( 1 3 ) Wa- ' i-tabe ' ana
westa mansut , ' al Ia ' adxenana wa-baleaTha ' em-kwellu ' ekuy;
ma <amme 4
VI
Gt
<ammaqi .
sakWat/sakot ('askWat)
ishment . CQ
divine pun
Qt
310
311
' esma z i ' aka ye ' eti mangest , xayl , wa-sebhat l a - ' al ama ' a l am o
' Amen .
( 14) ' E sma ' emma xadaggemu l a - s ab ' ' abbasahomu , yaxaddeg lakemu-ni
' abukemu samaywi ' abbaskemu .
taqaneyo .
( 1 6) Wa-soba
( 1 7) ' Esma
' Aman ' ebel akemu,
( 2 1 ) ' Esma
(22) Maxtotu l a
sat tapa
Gt
menta netkaddan?
to be
Dt tasal tapa to be
tasalpa
comp
l
etion
. G qab' a
Z
se taFe
( 33) 'Antemu-sa xessu maqdema mangesta z i ' ahu wa-edqo , wa- zentu
Chapter V I I
( 1 ) ' 1 -tekWannenu kama ' i -tetkWannanu .
19.
100m) .
lakemu-sa ya' ammer ' abukemu samayawi kama tsfaqqedu , zanta kWe l l o .
ing .
intran s . :
.-,
22.
za-yom hal l o wa-gesama westa '_es-t yetwadday, ' Eg z i ' ab er za-ka a-ze
m
ylll abbeso , ' efo ' enka fldfiida kiyakemu J:teu_ana n-a miinQt? ( 3 1 ' I-
mansut .
batai l iberator, protector .
' Akko-nu
za-yekel was seko ' em-diba qomu ' emmata ' aatta?
tamansawa pass .
17.
Zegebu l akemu mazagebta westa samayat , xaba ' i-yamaseno ae wa- ' i
ystagabe ' u westa ' abyat , wa- ' abukemu s amayawi yeseseyomu .
Wa
'1-
(26) Naeru ' a 'wll.fa samay kama ' i -yezarre 'u wa- ' i -ya ' arreru wa- ' i
Wa- ' emma- ' akko , ' aJ:tada yea1 1 e ' wa-kal e ' o yafaqqer .
za-telabbesu .
gaaka taxaab , ( 1 8) kama ' i -tastar ' i la-sab ' kama omka, za' enbal a
la- ' abuka za-ba-xebu' .
' emma- ' akko , l a - ' aJ:tadu yet ' e z zaz wa- l a-ka l e ' u ' i -yet ' e z zaz .
26 .
28 .
w
( 2 ) ' E sma ba-k ennane za-
'araz/ 'arraz
?eguy fl owering,
G agaya to flower .
?ege (pl . -yat) flower . G fatata (yefte t)
to twi s t , spi n . Gt tafatta pas s . fetul spun , twi sted . fatt (pl .
' aftat, ' afte U) thread, cord . feUo hli sted work .
(p l .
30.
33.
34 .
(o . s . or
312
313
(3) Menta-nu t ere" i asara za-westa ' ayna ' exuka , wa-sarwe
(4)
"Xedeg
' awde ' hasara ' em-westa ' aynek a , " wa-nahu sarwe westa 'ayneka?
(5)
Madl ew , ' awe ' qedma sarwe ' em -westa ' ayneka, wa- ' emze t ere " i l a
,
' awe ' o as ara za-westa ' ayna ' exuk a .
(6) ' I -t ahabu qeddesta l a
kal abt , wa- ' i -tedayu breyakemu qedma ' arew , kama ' i-yekidewwomu
ba- ' egarihomu wa-t amayeomu yen?exukemu .
Xessu wa-terakkebu .
(7)
GWadgWedu wa-yetraxxawakemu .
za-ye s e " el yenass e ' , wa- za-hi yaxasses yerakkeb , wa- l a - za-hi
gWadgWada yetraxxawo .
(9) Mannu we ' etu ' emennekemu b e ' s i za-yese " elo
( 1 1 ) Za- ' antemu ' enka ' enza ' ekuyan, ' ant emu
ta' ammeru sannya habta wehiba l a-weludekemu , ' efo fadflida ' abukemu
za-ba - s amayat yehub sannaya l a- ' el la yese " e l ewwo ?
( 1 2) KWel lo -ke
' el l a
e ' eqt fenot ' enta t ewassed westa eywat , wa-wexudan ' emunto
VII
2.
3.
bayyana to discern ,
CD
7.
Gt tana4xa pass .
gWadgWada t o knock (on a door) .
ing .
wexdat
(24) KWel lu-ke za-yesamme ' zanta nagareya wa-yegabbero yema s s e l be ' se
tabiba za-ana a be to diba kWakwh .
(25) Wa-warada zenlim , wa-ma ' u
w aye z t , wa-nafxu naflis 1l.t , wa-gaf' e) l a-we '.e tu bet , wa- ' i
-wadqa,
w
w
' s?mt'iba kWak tasarara .
( 26) Wa-k e l lu z a-ye s amme ' zanta
takW ta (pl . - t) wo l f .
1 6 . G qasama (yeqsem) to pick (frui t ) , gather, col le c t , harvest
Gt taqasma pas s . qasm harvest , picking ; the crops harve sted
(p I .
' aqsam) . qasami/qassam a fruit/berry/grape-pi cker . sok (pl . ' aswak)
15 .
10.
paucity , scantiness .
' Egzi ' 0 , ' Eg z i ' 0 , " akko-nu ba- semeka tanabbayna wa-ba-s
emeka
' aganenta ' awa ' na wa-ba-s emeka xaylata bezuxa gabarna
?
(23) Wa-ye ' eta sobe ' li ' ammenomu :
tho rn ; sting .
sannaya fareya .
( 1 9) KWel lu ' e za': ' i -yefarri f..r. .s Itl1ay.,,:_
.
.
yegazzemewwo , wawes t a ' es sat yewaddeywwo .
(20) ' Wa- ; ein-ferehomu
' enka ta' ammerewwomu.
(21) ' Akko kW e l l za-yeb e l ani , ;" , g z i ' 0 ,
' Egz i ' o" za-yebawwe ' west a manges ta samayat , z a ' e
baia z a-yegab ber
' esma raab ' anqa wa-sef eh. t f eno t ' ent a tewassed westa hagW I , wa
yerakkebewwa .
23 .
that occasion .
assert .
24 .
pas s .
314
( 28) Wa-soba fa ama ' Iyasus zanta nagara, tadammu 'aJ:tzab ba
gabreya-ni :
mehherotu, - ( 2 9 )' l esma yemhheromu kama za-selana-bo , wa- ' akko kama
(1) Wa- ' enza yewarred ' em-dabr, tal awewwo sab ' bezuxan .
(2) Wa-nahu
NeaJ:t .
'Uq ' i-tenger wa- ' i - la-mannu-hi , wa-baJ:ttu J:tur wa- ' ar ' i re ' s aka
8.
l a-kahen , wa- ' ab e ' maba ' aka, bakama ' azzaza Mus e , la-sem ' l omu ._
7.
:'I
I
I
Da' emu
w
bal qal a, wa-yaJ:tayyu waldeya, (9) ' esma ' ana-hi be ' s i mak annen
w
' ana , wa-beya arra ' el l a ' ek ennen , wa- ' ebelo la-ze : "i;!ur , "
VIII
2.
lam? l eprosy.
3.
za-lam? a l eper .
G t tagassa pass .
gessat a
Qabe me' t
centurion .
7.
naya
na-
naya
cei l ing .
tafar roo f ,
"
. . ';'
;'-
I
I
11.
marfaq thresh-
ho l d .
12.
part" or simi l ar l y .
8.
'1
"
9.
touch , touching .
5.
,
"
4H
" '
':
(14) Wa-bawi ' o ' Iyasus beta l a-Pero s , rakaba la-J:tamata Peros ' enza
tesakkeb tefadden. ( 1 5 ) Wa-gasasa ' edeha , wa-xadaga faanta, wa
J:taqeya senan .
315
,It
Chapter V I I I
' E faqqed.
( 10) Wa-s ami '0 ' Iyasus , ' ankara wa-yebt31omu la} h a yetal l ewewwo :
' Aman ' ebelakemu ' i -rakabku z a-maana-ze haymanota ba-westa
aJ:taftomu .
6.
" _ ...
14.
son-in- l aw .
'
aQmaw) father-in-law
acquire an in- l aw .
fever .
G qaya to grind/
faqant fever .
G l t taheunawa to
G fa1ana to have
316
317
B a ' enta za-kal ' o ' i -yet l ewo
10.
' abehani ' eqde.m awira wa- ' eqbaro l a - ' abuya.
(31) wa- ' astabqWe ' ewwo ' aganent wa-ybel ewwo: '
' Emma - s a tawa1e ' ana, fannewana diba mar ' aya . : arew .
( 3 2 ) Wa-yebe l omu :
m.
wa
Chapter IX
(23) Wa- 'arga westa amar , wa-talawewwo ' arda ' ihu .
( 2 4 ) Wa-nahu
'abiy d e l eql eq kona ba-westa bar ' eska soba amar yes sewwar ' emenna
mogad , wa-we ' etu- s a yenawwem.
' Iyasus , wa- soba r e ' yewwo , ' astabqWe ' ewwo yex l e f ' em- dawalomu .
11
r
I
13.
wa-yebel ewwo :
' Eg z i ' o , ' adxenana,
Yearref z entu- s a .
Mannu ' enga we ' etu zentu za-yet ' e z zazu lotu bar-ni wa-nafasat
' em-beh i l a "yet xaddag\! l aka xa!we ' ika" wa- ' em-behi l a " t anS-e '
ni?
wa-hur" ?
12.
29.
( 2 8) Wa-ba io ma ' dota beera Gerge s enon, taqabbalewwo kel ' etu ' e l l a
seqay
' aganent ' em-maqaberat wa1 i ' omu, ' ekuyan !eqqa ' e ska soba ' i -yekel
mannu-hi xal i fa ' enta ye ' eti fenot .
20.
W
q eneZ
(pl .
W
q ana?e Z)
fox, wo l f .
gebb
(pl .
ho l e , cave , l air .
24.
CQ
' adZaqaqa
deleqleq
mawaged)
wave .
26.
mogad
(p l .
(6) Wa- kama ta' meru kama bewuh l otu la-walda ' e gWala
to aff l i c t , vex, t orment .
saqaya
32 .
(' al}dafJ
33.
calm ,
f:luru .
rou kWe l lu mar 'aya ' arew, wa- adfu we ta ba.l:r wa-motu west
.
p
w
(33) Wa- g ayyu nolot wa- ' atawu hagara, wa- zenawu .kw e l lo wlza-ba'enta
11 .
( 30) Wa-botu heyya mar ' aya ' arew be zux yetia ' ; a / uqa ' emennehomu ,
"
a a ' ka z eyya
. .-
..
masqe
tasaqaya
p as s .
I}adfa
Lt
adf
nolawi
(pl .
shepherd , herdsman .
nolot)
Qt
tano Zawa
to
2.
meaning :
S.
'arat
(pl .
-at)
be d .
The imptv . of
ta'amna
qaZaZa
CG
' aq laZa
to
. ..
. . ,
make l i ght o f .
' astaqiilaZa
CD
' aqaZZaZa
qaZC1Z) l i ght ,
' em whether .
etc.
. . or .
maqlaZi
CGlt
qaZiZ
C f.
' em
..
------- -------
318
319
Wa-xalifo ' Iyasus ' em-heyya, rakaba be 'se ' enza yenabber westa
meebbaJ:1, za-semu Mattewos , wa-yebelo : "Telewani . I I Wa-tansi ' 0 ,
talawo . (10) Wa- ' enza yeraffeq westa bet , nahu ma 'u bezuxan
maabbehan wa-xae ' an wa-rafaqu mesla ' Iyasus wa- ' arda' ihu. ( 1 1 ) Wa
re ' eyomu Farisaweya, yebelewwomu la- ' arda ' ihu :
La-ment mesla maabbean wa-xae'an yeballe ' liqekemu?
( 1 2 ) Wa-sami ' o ' Iyasus , yebelomu :
' I -yefaqqedewwo e'uyan la- ' aqabe seray, za-enbala 'ella
yaJ:1arnmu. ( 1 3 ) uru wa- ' a 'meru ment we ' etu za-yebe :
MeJ:1rata ' efaqqed wa- ' akko maswa 'ta,
' esma ' i-maa' ku ' eawwd adeqana ' alIa xae'ana la-nesseha .
(14) Wa- ' emze ma ' u xabehu ' arda' ihu la-YoJ:1annes ' enza yebelu :
La-ment nehna wa-Farisaweyan neawwem bezuxa> - ' arda' ika-sa
' i-yeawwemu?
( 1 5 ) Wayebelomu ' Iyasus :
Ba- ' ayte yekelu daqiqu l a-mar ' awi laewo ' amana hallo mar 'awi
mes lehomu? Wa-baJ:1tu yemae' mawa ' el ' ama yetnassa' mar ' awi
' emennehomu, wa- ' ameha yeawwemu . ( 1 6 ) Wa- ' albo za-yeaqqeb
dergeJ:1a lebsa westa seata lebs beluy, ' esma yanae ' o J:1eyawo
la-lebs , wa-fadfada yekawwen settatu . ( 1 7 ) Wa- ' i-yewaddeyu
wayna J:1addisa westa zeqqat beluy; Iva- ' emma ' akko -sa, yenaqqe ' u
zeqqat , wa-waynu-hi yetka" aw , wa-zeqqat-ni yethaggWalu. Wa(9)
mar 'at
. ,
. .
17.
(26) Wa-wa' a semu 'atu westa kWella ye ' eti medr . ('27l Wa-xalifo
' Iyasus ' em-heyya, talawewwo kel ' etu ' ewuran ' enza yearrexu wa
yebelu':
Tasahal ana, walda Dawi t .
(28) Wa-bawi ' o beta, ma 'u xabehu ' emuntu 'ewuran, , wa-yebelomu
' Iyasus :
Ta' ammenu-hu kama ' ekel zanta gabira?
Wa-yebel ewwo : ' Ewwa, ' Egzi ' o . (29) Wa-gasasomu ' a ' yentihomu ' enza
yebel :
crack, fissure .
thigh .
to be blind . CG ' a ' ora to blind . Dt ta < awwara to
negl ect , over l ook , l et pass unno t i c e d ; to d e spi se .
'ewv.r b l ind .
'UX'at blindness .
27.
manqe ' t
G 'ora
321
320
.. .... ..
(5) ' E l lonta ' asarta wa-kel '.eta fannawomu ' Iyasus ,
Wes t a fenota ' zab ' i -t euru , wa-westa hagara Samer ' i - t eba ' u .
(6) Wa-uru b1l.tu xaba ' abage' za-tahagWla' za-beta ' Esr,a : M .
( 31) Wa-wa i ' omu, nagaru we sta kWe l lu we ' etu beher .
18.
( 7) Wa
(32) Wa- ' emza wa ' u ' emuntu, nnhu ' ame ' u xabehu za-ganen emuma .
(8) Dewuyana fawwesu, mutana ' anse ' u , ' el l a lam ' an!?eu, ' aganenta
yebel u :
' enza
( 35) Wa- ' ansosawa ' Iyasus westa kWel lu ' ahgur wa-baawert
w
es
yemehher ba-mek rabatihomu wa-yesab bek wange la mangest wa-yeeww
w
(36) Wa-re ' eyo bezuxana
kWe l lo dawe wa-k e l lo emama za-westa ezb .
' zas ab ' a , maharomu ' esma seruhan ' emuntu wa-gedufan kama ' abage
(33) Wa-wai ' o gannu, nababa we ' etu emum, wa- ' ankaru s ab ' ' en z a
la-fenot wa- ' i-ke l ' eta kedanata wa- ' i - ' asa' ena wa- ' i -btra , ' esma
...
.
' enka la-ba ' l a ma ' rar kama yefannu gabbara la-ma' raru
Chapter X
19.
wa-wahabomu se 1tana
( 1 ) Wa-s. awwe ' omu 1 a- ' asartu wa-ke1 ' etu ' arda' ihu ,
w
k e 1 10 dawe
wwesu
wa-yefa
diba mannfes t rekusan kama yawae ' ewwomu
ihomu:
( 2 ) Wa- 1 a-'asartu wa-kel ' Hu awareyat kama-ze ' asmat
wa-emll ma.
; (3) Ya ' qob
qadami Sem 'on za-tasamya Pero s , wa- ' Endreyas ' exuhu
s ; Tomas
alomewo
walda Z abdewos wa-Yoannes ' exuhu ; F i 1 eppos wa-Bart
wa- Lebdeyos z a wa-Mat tewos maabbeawi ; wa-Ya 'qob walda ' E 1 feyos
dumb .
and/or dumb .
semwn deaf
exhaus tion , t o
G sara (yesra) to l abor to the point of
. C G ' asrea to t ir e , ex
b e affl i cted with diffic ult tasks or duties
seru vexe d , exhaus t ed .
haust ; t o cause or impose l abor/m isery .
an in
. gedur
serZi (p I . -at) l abor, bother , exhaus tion, affl iction
36 .
( 13) Wa- ' emma yeda11 ewa l a-ye ' et i bet , yema'
sa1amekemu l a 'l eha; wa- ' emma- s a ''iyeqallewa, yegba 's il:amekemu
.
. - ....
( 1 4) Wa- 1a-za-sa ' i -tawakfak emu wa- ' i - s.am 'ake,mu , ' .
Ia 'lekemu.
nagarakemu, wai ' akemu ' af ' a ' em-ye ' et i bet we:' em-ye ' et i hagar,
negefu abala ' egarikemu .
Sadom wa-Gamora ' ama ' e l at a dayn fadfada ' em-ye ' eti hag ( 1 6 ) Wa
w
nahu ' ana ' eennewakemu kama ' abage ' ma ' kala tak Hi.t . Kunu ' enka
t abibana kama ' arwe medr wa-yawwahana k ama regb .
32 .
( 1 7) Wa-ta 'aqabu
' em-sab ' ' esma yagabbe ' ukemu westa ' a 'wad, wa-yeqassefukemu b a 4.
14.
CG
neguf deciduous .
?abat dust .
?ebut dus t .
15 . G sa:r:ata/Sexta t o be at east , at rest , comfort able , we l l D . Dt
o ff . o s=ata to put at e as e , al low to rest . CD ' asa:r:xata
tasexxeta pas s . o f D . sexut relaxed , at res t , a t e as e . sZixt tran
=
tadayyana
Gt
tadayna p ass .
322
mekwrabatihomu, (18) wa-yewassedukemu xaba masafent wa-nagast
ba' ent i ' aya la-sem ' lomu wa- la- ' azab . (19) Wa-soba yagabbe 'ukemu ,
' i -taxal leyu ' efo menta tetnagaru, ' esma yetwahhabakemu ba-ye' eti
sa ' at za-tetnagaru. (20) ' Esma ' i-konkemu ' antemu ' ella tetnagaru,
' al Ia manfasu l a- ' abukemu we ' etu yetnagar ba-la' lekemu. (21) Wa
yagabbe' 'exew ' exwahu l a-mot , wa- ' ab-ni weludo , wa-yetnasse 'u welud
la' l a ' azmadihomu , wa-yeqattelewwomu . (22) Wa-tekawwenu elu' ana .ba
xaba kWellu sab ' ba' enta semeya. Wa-za-sa ' azlafa te' gesto we ' etu
yedexxen . ( 23) Wa-soba yesaddedukemu ba-westa zati . hagar, gWeyyu
westa kale ' ta. ' Aman ' ebelakemu : ' i-yetfeama ' ahgura ' Esra ' e l
' eska soba yemae' walda ' egWala ' emma-eyaw. (24) 'Albo rad ' za
ya' abbi ' em-liqu wa- ' i-gabr-ni za-ya' abbi ' em- ' egzi 'u. (2S) Maanu
la-rad' yekun kama l iqu , wa-la-gabr-ni kama ' egzi'u. Za-la-ba 'la bet
ba- Be ' el Zebul yebelewwo , ' efo fadfada la-sab ' a betu . (26) ' 1 tefrehewwomu-ke ' enka ' esma ' albo kedun za- ' i-yetkassat , wa-xebu ' za
' i-yet ' awwaq . (27) Za-nagarkukemu ba-elmat negerewwo ba-berhan, wa
za-ni westa ' eznekemu nagarkukemu sebekewwo ba-diba ' anest . (28)
Wa- ' i-tefrehewwomu la- ' ella yeqattelu sega, wa-nafsakemu-sa ' i -yekelu
qatila. Wa-batu ferehewwo la- za-yekel nafsa wa-sega xebura ' ahgWelo
ba-westa Gahannam . (29) ' Akko-nu kel ' etu ' a' waf yessayyaa ba-ariqa
' asareyon? Wa- ' aatti ' emennehon ' i -tewaddeq westa medr za' enbala
ya' mer ' abukemu . (30) Wa- lakemu-sa se' erta re' sekemu-ni kWel lon
xWeluqat ' emantu. (31) ' I -tefrehu-ke . 'Em-bezux ' a' waf texeyyesu
' antemu . (32) KWellu ' enka za-ya ' ammen beya ba-qedma sab' ' a ' ammeno
, ana-hi ba-qedma ' abuya za-ba-samayat . (33) Wa-la.- za-sa kehdani ba
qedma sab ' ' ekeedo ' ana-hi ba-qedma ' abuya za-ba-samayat . (34) ' 1 yemsalkemu za-maa'ku salama ' eday westa medr. ' I -maa'ku ' eday
salama ' alIa mabata. (3S) Wa-masa'ku ' eflet be'se ' em- ' abuhu, wa
walatta-ni ' em- ' emma, wa-mar 'ata-ni ' em-amata. (36) Wa-arru la
sab ' sab ' a betu. (37) Za-yafaqqer ' abahu wa-' emmo ' emmeneya ' i
yedal lu lita. Wa- za-yafaqqer waldo wa-walatto ' emenneya ' i -yedal lu
27. nas (pl . ' anest) roof, rooftop .
29. ' asareyon a small coin; Gk. assarion .
34 . G Fab to make an inCision ; to sacrifice . Gt tataba
pass . Feb sacrifice , sacrificial victim . tebat sacrifice. matbaht
(pI . matii:be ) knife , sword .
323
lita. (38) Wa- za- ' i-nas ' a masqal o wa- za- ' i-ta1awa dexreya 1 yedallu Ii tao (39) Za-rakabi la-n'aisu y gadde , wa-za-s a
gadafa la-nafs u ba' enti ' aya yerakkeba . (40) 'Za-kiyakemu
tawakfa kiyaya tawakfa, wa- za-kiyaya tawakfa tawakfo la- za
fannawani . (41) Za-tawakfa nabiya ba-sema nabiy ' asba nabiy
yenasse ' , wa- za-tawakfa adeqa ba-sema adeq ' asba adeq
yenasse' . (42) Wa- za- 'astaya ' ahada ' em- ";llu ne ' usan ea 'a
'
may qWarir batito ba-sem rad' , ' aHlan ' ebelak'emu : ' I -Yahagwe1
' asbo .
, .
Chapter X I
20. Ba' enta ' ella tafannawu ' em-xaba Yohannes
(1) Wa-kona ' emza sal laa ' Iyasus ' azzezotomu la- ' asartu wa-kel ' etu
' ardii.' ihu, xalafa ' em-heyya kama yemhar wa.- yesbek westa 'ahgurihomu .
(2) Wa-sami ' o Yoannes megbarihu la-Kerestos ba-beta moqeJ:! , fannawa
xabehu kel ' eta ' em- ' arda' ihu . (3) Wa-yebeIo :
'Anta-nu .z a-yema e ' ? ...Wa-oo-nu kale.' a . zan'e sseffo"7 ''''; ' '' :
'
(4) Wa- ' awse ' a ' Iyasus , .wa-yebl'!lomu :
' r.l;Iawirakemu, zl'!newewwo la-Yoa!1nes za-t samme ' u wa-za-t ere ' ' eyu .
(S) ' Ewuran yere " eyu; ankas. yaawweru; ' el la lam yenaeu;
wa-emuman yesamme ' u; mutan yetnasse 'u; wa-naddayan yezzena wu .
(6) Wa-beu' we 'etu za- .' i-ta' aqfa beya .
(7) Wa-soba xalafu ' ellu, ' aiaza ' Iyasus yebalomu la- ' ahzab ba' enta
Yoannes :
Menta waa' kemu gadama ter ' ayu? Ber' a-nu za-yetawwas ' em
nafas? (8) Wa-menta-nu-ma waa' kemu t er'ayu? Be'se-nu zaressuy ba-qatant ' albas ? Nahu ' el la-sa qaanta yelabbesu westa
' abyat a nagast hallawu . (9) Wa-menta-nu-ma wa1a' kemu ter' ayu?
42 . ?ewa ' (pl . -at) cup .
S . Q nkasa to l imp , be lame . ankas lame , crippled .
enkii:se lameness .
7 . ber ' (pl . ' abra ') reed ; arm of a candelabrum. CG ' aosa to
move, shake, agitate . Gt taosa idem intrans . or pass . ; za-yetawwas
reptil es , "creeping things . " husat motion , movement . ewas (p I . -at)
a (physical) sens e . isii: exc1am . of wonder or admi.ration .
qain ( f . qaFiin , pl . qatant) fine, del icate; n . fine
S.
clothes . qetnat fineness, delicacy.
XI
324
325
Nabiya-nu? ' Ewwa ' ebelakemu , wa-fadfada ' em-nabiy. (10) ' Esma
zentu we ' etu za-ba' ent i ' ahu taefa :
Nahu ' ana ' efennu mal ' akeya qedrna gaeka, za-yeayye
fenotaka ba-qedmeka .
(11) ' Arnan ' ebe1akemu : ' I-tanse ' a ' em-tewledda ' anest za
ya ' abbi ' em-Yoannes Mameq, wa-ba-mangesta samayat -sa za
yene" es ya' abbi ' emennehu. ( 1 2) Wa- ' em-mawa ' el a Yoannes
Ma!meq ' eska ye ' ze tetgaffa' mangesta samayat , wa-gefu ' an
yethayyadeww . ( 1 3) ' Esma kWellomu nabiyat wa- ' orit ' eska
Yoannes tanabbayu , (14) wa- ' ernma-sa tefaqqedu t etwakkafewwo ,
we ' etu 'Eleys za-hal 1awo yema' . (15) Za-bo ' a ' zana sami ' a 1a
yesma ' . (16) Ba-mannu ' astamasela la-zati tewledd? Temassel
daqiqa ' ella yenabberu westa mesy! wa-yeewwe 'u biomu wa
yebelewwomu :
(17) ' Anzarna lakemu, wa- ' i -zafankemu; ' asqoqawna 1 akemu,
wa- ' i -bakaykemu.
(18) ' Esma mas ' a Yohannes ' enza ' i-yeball e ' wa- ' i-yesatti , wa
yeb!!lewwo :
Ganena botu.
w
( 1 9 ) Wa-ma ' a walda eg ii 1 a ' ernma-eyaw ' enza yebal le' wa
yesatti , wa-yebelewwo :
Nawa be' si bala' i wa-sataye wayn , ' arka maabbe9an wa
xate 'an . Wa-adqat !ebab ' em-daqiqa .
,
(20) Wa- ' emze ' axaza Iyasus yeison 1a- ' ahgur ' ella ba-westeton
gabra xayla bezuxa, ' esma ' i -nassehu . ( 2 1 ) Wa-yebelon :
' Ale laki KWarazi. ' Ale l aki Beta-Sayeda. ' E sma soba-sa ba1 2 . G heda (yehid) to take by force , violence . Gt tahayda
pas s . and reflex . hayd violence , taking by force ; booty, prey .
hayadi a violent person, plunderer .
17. Q <anzara to pipe , play a musical instrument . <enzir a
musical instrument of any sort . ma <anzer musician, piper, flute
player . G zafana to dance . zafan n. dancing . zaani (f. - t ) dancer.
mezan a place for dancing .
Glt ta Caraka to become friends (with) . <ark ( f . Carekt ;
19 .
pI . ' a <rekt , carkan , carkat) friend .
2 1 . ' aZe Za - Woe unto
saqq (pl . -at , ' asqaq) sack, s ackcloth .
. ....
( 26)
"'
.
,.
. .
Chapter X I I
....-
(1)
Ba-we' etu mawa ' el xalafa ' Iyasus ba-sanbat ' enta mangala garaweh,
wa- ' arda' ihu-sa rexbu, wa- ' axazu yemawu sawita wa-yebl e 'u . ( 2 ) Wa
re' eyomu Farisaweyan, yebelewwo :
Nahu ' arda' ika yegabberu za- ' i -yekawwen gabira ba-sanbat .
(3) Wa-yebelomu :
' I -yanbabkemu-nu za-gabra Dawit ' ama rexba, we ' etu-ni wa- ' ella
meslehu, zakama bo' a beto la- ' Egzi ' aber, wa-xabaweza qWerban
bal 'a, za- ' i-yekawweno la-bali ' wa- ' i -Ia- ella mes lehu ,
za' enbal a la-kahenat la-batitomu? (6) Wa- ' i -yanbabkemu-nu
westa ' orit kama ba-sanbatat kahenat ba-beta maqdas sanbata
yarakkWesu , wa- ' i-yekawwenomu gegaya? (6) ' Ebelakemu kama za
ya' abbi ' ern-beta maqdas hall o zeyya . (7) Saba-sa ta ' ammeru
ment we ' etu "Me.hrata ' efaqqed wa- ' akko maswa 'ta," ' em- ' i 30 .
' ar Cut
XII 1 . G ma7;zawa
ripen (of grain) .
a yoke .
to pluck . Gt
ear of grain .
(yemaw)
sawit
tamewa
pas s . G
sawaya
to
32 6
kWannankemewwomu la- ' e l l a ' i-ye 'ebbesu. (8) 'Esma ' egzi '
we ' etu la-sanbat walda 'egWla ' emma-eyaw.
21. Ba' enta za-yabsat ' edehu
(9) Wa-faliso ' em-heyya, hora westa mekwrbomu. (10) Wa-nahu be ' si
za- ' edehu yabsat . Wa-tase" elewwo ' enza yebelu :
Yekawwen-nu ba-sanbat fawweso?
kama yastawli.deyewwo . ( 1 1 ) Wa-yeblomu :
Mannu ' em-westetekemu be ' s i ' za-bo ' aatta bag'a, wa- ' emma
wadqat ba-sanbat westa gebb , ' akko-nu ye ' exxeza wa-yanasse ' a?
(12) ' Efo ' enka fadfida yexeyyes sab ' ' em-bag ' . YekaIYwen-ke
ba-sanbatat gabira sannay.
( 13) Wa- ' emze yebelo la-we ' etu be ' s i : Sefa ' edeka. Wa-saa ' edehu,
wa-aywat sobeh, wa-gab ' at kama kale'ta. ( 14) Wa-wai ' omu
Fariswey[n, tamkaru ba' enti ' ahu kama yeqtelewwo . (15) Wa- 'a'miro
' 1yasus , tagel,lsa ' em-heyya. Wa-talawewwo bezuxan sab:. , wa- ' aJ:yawomu
la_kwellou . ( 1 6) Wa-gassaomu kama ' i-yaghedewwo , ( 1 7) kama
yetfassam za-tabehla ba- ' 1sayeyas nabiy ' enza yebel :
Nahu waldeya za-xarayku , fequreya za-samrat nafseya . 'Anabber
manfaseya la ' lehu , wa-kw ennane la- ' azab yenagger. ( 19) ' 1 - o.
yedamme wa- ' i -yearrex, wa- ' albo za-yesamme ' ba-eggw qal
(20) Ber ' a qequa ' i-yesabber, wa-su ' a za-yeayyes ' i-ya!affe '
' eska yagabbe ' fetJ:a la-mawi ' , (21) wa-ba-sema zi 'ahu ' ahzab
yet ' ammanu .
22 . Ba' enta za-ganen 'ewur wa-emum
(22) Wa- ' emze ' am e ' u lotu za-ganen ' ewura wa-emuma, wa-fawwaso
, eska we ' etu 'ewur wa-emum wa-bahham nababa-hi wa-re 'ya-hi. (23)
Wa-yeddammamu kWel lomu ' azab, wa-yebelu :
'Akko-nu ze-we ' etu walda Dawit?
1 0 . CGlt ' astawadaya t o bring charges against , t o accuse .
1 9 . ?eggw (pl . ?egWagW ) street , mark et-p 1 ace .
20 . Q qatqata to grind; to break . qepqup ground , broken .
qepqape vn . grinding, breaking . su e/sue flax, tinder . G tesa (yetis)
to smoke . CG ' atesa caus . tis smoke .
22 . G behma (yebhaJTI) to be mut e . bahham mut e . behmat mut e ness .
_.
..
327
329
328
,_
:-:"",
Yonas nabara westa karsa ' anbari salus a 'elata wa-salusa lelita,
kamu yenabber walda 'egWl a ' emma-eyaw westa lebba la-medr
salusa 'elata wa-salusa lelita. (41) Sab ' a Nanawe yetnasse ' u
' ama kWennan mes la-z tewledd wa-yetfateewwa, ' esma nasseu
ba-sebkata Yonas . Wa-nahu za-ya' abbi ' em-Yonas zeyya. (42)
Negesta ' azeb tetnassa' ' ama 'elata dayn mes la-za tewledd wa
tetfate, ' esma ma ' at ' em- ' a nafa medr tesma ' !ebabo la
Salomon . Wa-nahu za-ya ' abbi ' em-Salomon zeyya . (43) Wa
' emkama wa ' a manfas rekus " em-sab' , ya ' awwed ' enta badw ' enza
yaxasses 'erafta, wa-yaxa!!e ' . (44) Wa- ' emze yebel : ' Egabbe '
westa beteya ' em-xaba waa'ku . Wa-ma i ' o , yerakkebo ' enza
yastarakkeb ' edewa wa-meruga . {45) Wa- ' emze yaJ:lawwer wayamae' mes lehu sab ' ata kale' 1ina manafesta ' el l a ya' akkeyu
' emennehu, wa-bawi ' omu yaxadderu heyya, wa-yekawwen daxaritu
la-we ' etu be ' s i za-ya' akki ' em-qadamitu. Kamahu yekawwena la
zati tewledd ' ekit .
(46) Wa- ' enza yenaggeromu la-' zab , n1ihu ' emmu wa- ' axawihu yeqawwemu
' af' a ' enza yefaqqedu yetnagarewwo . (47) Wa-bo ' em- ' arda' ihu za-.
yebtno :
Nahu ' emmeka wa- ' axawika 'af ' a yeqawwemu wa-yaxassesu
yetnagaruka.
(48) Wa- ' awse ' a wa-yebe la-za-nagaro :
Mannu ye ' eti ' emmeya? Wa- 'ella mannu ' emuntu ' axaweya?
(49) Wa-safJ:Ia ' edehu xaba ' arda' ihu wa-yebe :
Nahu ' emmeya wa- ' axaweya . (50) 'Esma ia-gabra faqado la- ' abuya
za-ba-samayat we ' etu ' exuya wa- ' exteya wa- ' emmeya-ni we ' etu.
F
24 .
a=ba-ye ' eti ' el at wai ' o ' Iyasus ' em-bet , nabara mangala bahr .
Wa-tagabe 'u ' xabhu sab' bezux 'eska saba ya' arreg westa J;1amar wa
yenabber, wa-kw el lu sab ' westa ayq yeqamemu . \) Wa-nagaromu
bezuxa ba-messale ' enza yebel :
N1ihu wa ' a za-yezarre' yezra' . (4) Wa:" ':enza yearre ' , bo za
wadqa westa fenot , wa-ma 'u ' a' w1lfa samay . wa-bal ' ewwo . (5) Wa
bo za-wadqa diba kWakw , xaba ' albo mareta bezuxa; wa-we ' eta
gize saraa, ' esma ' albo ' emaqa la-maretu . ( 6 ) .Wa-sariqo 1aay,
ma lawa; wa- ' esma ' albo serwa, yabsa. ( 7 ) Wa-bo za-wadqa westa
sok, wa-baqWala sok wa-xanaqo . (8) Wa-bo ' za-wadqa westa medr
sannayt , wa-wahaba fere , bo za-me ' ta wa-bo za-sessa wa-bo za
salasa . (9) Za-bo ' ezana sami ' a yesma ' .
( 1 0) Wa-qaribomu ' arda' ihu, yebelewwo ;
Ba' enta ment ba- ' amsal tetnagaromu?
( 1 1) Wa- ' awse " a wayebinornu :
...
.
'Esma l akemu tawhba 'a' mero ewwuratiha l ; -mngestasa.yt ,
wa-lomu-sa ' i-tawehba. ( 1 2. ) ' Esma
la-za-bo
yetwahhalio wa.
.
. - '. " .
. ..,
yefadaffed, \a-la-za-sa 'alba ' ella-hi -bo yahayyedewwo
. ( 1 3)
Wa-ba'enta zentu ba- ' amsal ' etnagaromu, ' esma ' enza yere " eyu
' i -yere " eyu, wa- ' enza yesamrne'u ' i-yesamme ' u wa- ' i -yelebbewu .
( 1 4) Wa-yeteam la ' lehomu tenbita ' Isayeyas za-yebe :
Sami ' a tesamme' u wa- 'i-telebbewu; wa-naero teneeru
wa- ' i-tere " eyu. (15) 'Esma gazfa lebbu la-ze J:l ezb , wa(1)
(2)
3.
5.
whale .
the south .
4 3 . badw/bada desert , wasteland, uncultivated area. G badwa
to be desert , etc . CG ' abdawa caus .
44 . CGt ' as tarkaba to be at leisure (for) ; to be ready, oppor
tune , convenient ; to be busy with , involved in . G ' adawa to sweep .
' edew swept . ' edaw sweepings . G maraga to plaster . merug plastered .
marg plaster .
45 . dax (x)arit end . qaaram it beginning.
40.
'anbari
42.
' azeb
Chapter X I I I
Ba' enta messal
messal e
330
331
ba- ' ezanihomu denqewa s am ' u , wa-kadanu ' a 'yentihomu, kama
' i -yer ' ayu b a- ' a 'yentihomu, wa-ba- ' e z anihomu ' i -yesme ' u ,
wa-ba-l ebbomu ' i -yelabbewu, wa- ' i -yetmayau , wa- ' i
yessahalomu.
(29) Wa-yebelomu :
( 1 6) Wa- 1 akemu-sa be1u' at ' a' yentikemu, ' esma yere " eya; wa
' e zanikemu, ' esma yesamme ' a .
' A lba, kama ' enza t a ' arreyu kerd1ida , ' i , eawu mes lehomu
sernaya-ni .
bezuxan nabiyat wa-adeq1in fatawu yer ' ayu za-tere " eyu, wa- ' i
re ' yu; wa-yesme 'u za-tesamme 'u, wa- ' i - s am ' u .
seme 'u messalehu l a - z a-yezarre ' .
( 1 8 ) ' Antemu-ke
fenot .
mazagebt eya .
(31) Kal e ' t a mes slile ' ame ' a lomu ' enza yebe l :
Temas sel mangesta s amayat xe!!ata s enape ' enta nas ' a be ' s i wa
w
zar ' a we sta garahtu .
( 3 2 ) Wa-ye ' eti t ene ' ' es ' em-k e l l u
w
' azre ' t . Wa-soba l ehqat " t a ' abbi 'em-k e l lu ' amal wa-tekawwen
' e9-a ' abiya ' eska yemae ' u ' a ' wafa s amay wa-yaxadde:r.u.' westa
serwa l a ' l ehu; l a-gi zeha da ' emu we ' etu, wa-kawino - s a mendabe
wa-seddat ba' enta-ze nagar, ba-gi zeha ya ' al lu .
( 22) Wa- z a - s a
w e s t a s o k tazar ' a z e-we ' etu za-nagara yes amme ' , wa-tekkaza z e
' 1ilam wa-s e f!ata be ' l t axanneqo la-nagar, wa- z a ' enbala fere
yekawwen .
.",
Temas sel mangeSta samayat beJ:tu ' a za-nas ' at be" si t wa-xab' ato
sa ' ru wa- faraya fere , ' ameha ' astar ' aya kerdad-ni .
(27) Wa
21.
22.
rary) .
25 .
kerdad weed (s ) .
yebe l :
' Ekasset ba-mes sale ' afuya, wa- ' enagger za-xebu ' za- ' em-tekat .
(36) Wa- ' emze xadigo ' azab a , bo ' a westa bet , wa-qarbu xabehu
28.
30 .
G <aqada to harvest .
Gt
satapi seducer,
Gt ta <aqaa p as s .
33.
(trans . ) .
Gt taber' a
fe rmentat i on .
<aqadi harvester .
32 .
31 .
tasaffa p ass .
deceiver .
messale ' i -t anagaromu, (35) kama yetfa am za-tabehla ba-nabiy ' enza
ma<qad s i ckl e .
( 2 8) Wa-yebel omu :
(34) Zanta kWe 1 1 0 tanagara, ' Iyasus ba-messale l a - ' aJ:tzab , wa- z a ' enbal a
. ."."
nagara mangesta s amayat wa- ' i -yelebbu, yema e ' ' ekuy wa
G.
maraq mi l l , mi l l -ston e .
be' at
Gt taarqa p as s .
a kind of measure .
35 .
pri s tine .
' atkata
CG
332
333
36 .
explain . Dt
exposition .
tafakkara
mafakker in
pas s .
terpreter, expounderj soothsayer, prophet .
42 . ' eton (pl . -at) furnace , oven . G aqaya to grind/grit/
gnash the teeth; to chew. CG ' aqa:ya caus .
44 . G dafana (yedfen) to cover, hide , conceal. madfen treas
ure ; s epul chre .
47 . garif net .
f}arciba
334
335
Habani ba- zeyya ba- l re ' so
l a-Yoannes Ma!me q .
(9) Wa-takkaza negus ba' enta maalahu wa-ba' enta ' e l la yeraffequ
mes lehu, wa- ' azzaza yahabewwa .
Yoannes ba-beta moqe .
nas 'u badno , wa-qabarewwo , wa-mai ' omu zenawewwo l a - ' Iyasus .
26 .
Wa- sami ' omu ' azab , talawewwo ba- ' egr ' em- ' ahgur .
kama yeJ:1uru westa ' ahgur wa-yessayau la-re ' somu mab1 e ' a .
( 1 6) IVa-yebe1omu ' Iyasus :
Habewwomu ' antemu za-yeba1 1 e 'u .
( 1 7 ) Wa-yebel ewwo :
' A1bena zeyya za' enbala xams xebest wa-ke 1 ' e ' as a .
' Emma-sa ' anta-hu, ' Egzi ' o , ' az z e zani ' ems.a' xabeka ' enta diba
may .
(29) Wa-yebe lo :
out .
Gt
(23) Wa
Chapter XV
2B.
Dt tafattata p as s .
26.
Dt
(intrans . ) .
methat (p l . -iit)
ening, fearful .
tafatata
sab ' a w e ' etu beer, wa- fannawu xaba kWe l lu ' adyam , wa- ' ame ' u l otu
.
w
w
k e 1 1 0 emumana .
( 36) Wa- ' astabq e ' ewwo kama yel kafu zafara l ebsu,
w
wa-k e l lomu ' el la 1akafewwo yayyewu .
' emze fatomu l a - ' ahzab , wa- ' arga westa dabr ' enta batitu ye : al l i .
(33) Wa-
( 1 ) Wa- ' emze qarbu xaba ' Iyasus ' el l a ma ' u ' em- ' I yarusalem sahaft
(32) Wa- 'arigomu ' westa J;!amar , ye ' eta g i ze x.fldaa nafas .
(22) Wa- ' agabbaromu sobeha l a - ' arda ' ihu kama ye 'ragu westa amar wa
G fatata
( 2 1 ) Wa- ' el la-sa b a l ' u ' emuntu s ab ' kama xamsa me ' t
19 .
(31) Wa- sobeha saa ' edehu ' Iyasus , wa- ' 'axazo , wa-yebelo :
kWe l l omu, wa- agbu, wa- ' agJ:1asu za-tarfa fetatata ' asarta wa-ke l ' et a
B.
Na ' a .
xebesta wa-ke 1 ' e ' asa, wa-na ara xaba samay , wa-baraka, wa-fati to
wahaba 1 a- ' arda' ihu xabaweza, wa- ' arda ' ihu 1 a - ' azab .
( 2 7)
' I -tefrehu .
27.
( l B) Wa-yebe :
( 1 4 ) Wa
wai ' o , re ' ya be zuxana ' azab a , wa-meromu, wa- ' ayawa dewuyanihomu .
( 26) IVa-sob a ' re'eWwo ' arda' ihu ' enz.a diba b.1ir yaawwer ,
Ta' amanu .
diba bahr.
( 1 3) Wa- s ami ' o ' Iyasus , tagesa ' em-heyya ba-J:1amar westa gadam ' enta
baJ:1titu .
Gt tasatma to s ink
flooding .
36.
touch.
Gt taZakfa p as s .
to t ou ch .
336
337
La-ment ' arda ' ika yet 'addawu ser" ata liqanat , ' esma ' i
yetxaabu ' edawihomu soba xebesta yeballe 'u?
(3) Wa- ' awse ' a wa-yebelomu:
La-ment ' antemu-ni tet 'addawu te' zaza 'Egz i ' aber ba' enta
ser 'atekemu? (4) Wa- 'Egzi' aber-sa yebe :
'Akber ' aba wa- ' emma, wa- za-yaammi 'aba wa- ' emma mota
yemut .
(S) Wa- 'antemu-sa tebelu:
Za-yebe la- ' ab wa- la- ' em "Habta za- ' em-xabeya za
baqwa 'kuka" ' i-yakabber ' abahu wa- ' i- ' emmo .
(6) Wa-sa 'arkemu qalo la- ' Egzi ' aber ba' enta ser ' atekemu . (7)
Madlewan, sannaya tanabbaya ' I sayeyas la 'lekemu ' enza yebel :
Ze-hezb ba-kanaferihomu yakabberuni, wa-ba-lebbomu-sa
nawwaxa yereequ ' emenneya; (9) wa-kanto yamal lekuni
' enza yemehheru temherta ser ' atata sab' .
( 1 0) Wa-awwe 'omu la-ezb , wa-yebeIomu :
Seme 'u wa-labbewu ( 1 1 ) kama ' akko za-yebawwe' westa ' af za
yarakkWeso la-sab ' , ' al la za-yewae' ' em-westa ' af we ' etu
yarakkWeso la-sab ' .
( 1 2 ) Wa- ' emze qaribomu ' arda' ihu, yebelewwo :
Ta ' ammer-hu kama Farisaweyan sami ' omu qalaka ' angWargWaru?
(13) Wa- ' awse ' a wa-yebe :
KWellu takl ' enta ' i-takala ' abuya samayawi tesserraw . ( 1 4)
Xedegemomu . ' Ewuran ' emuntu ' amreta ' ewuran . 'Ewur la- 'ewur
la' emma maro , kel ' ehomu yewaddequ westa gebb .
( 1 5) Wa- ' awse' a Peros , wa-yebelo :
Negerana zanta messale .
( 1 6) Wa-yebelomu ' Iyasus :
xv
4.
1amaya (yermiJ
emuy
dis-
' Adi-hu ' anteu'-ni ' i-labbaweyan ' antemu? ( 1 7) ' I -ta' ammeru-nu
k'ama kWellu za-yebawwe ' westa ' af westa kar$' yetgammar wa-emma
yetgaddaf? ( 1 8) Wa- za- s'a yewae' ' em-westa ' af ' em-lebb
ye\ae' , wa- ' emuntu yarakkWes ewwo la-sab' . (19) ' Esma ' em
westa lebb yewae ' xel l inna ' ekuy : qatil , maJ:zan, zemmut ,
serq, sem ' ba-J:assat, wa-erfat . (20) , Ellu'-ke za-yarakkwese\o
la-sab ' , wa- za' enbala taxadebo ' eda\-sa balf r"';' r.:-jra'l'llk kw eso la
sab' .
Ba' enta Kananawit ' enta walatta ta' abbed
( 2 1 ) Wa-wai ' 0 ' Iyasus ' em-heyya, tageJ:sa westa dawala Tiros wa
Sidona . (22) Wa-nahu be' sit Kananawit ' em-we 'etu ' adwal wad ' at ' enza
. .!.....
. ;.
tesarrex wa-tebel :
." . . ',
.
"'... ... ."' .
.
Maarani , ' Eg zi ' o , walda ' Dawit . Walatteya ' ekuy ganen ' axaza .
( 2 3 ) Wa- ' i-yawse ' a ' Iyasus qala . Wa-qaribomu ' arda ' ihu,
' astabqWe 'ewwo ' enza yebelu :
F annewa, ' esma tearrex ba-dexrena.
( 24) Wa- ' awse' a; wa-yebe .:
' I -tafannawku za' enbala xaba ' abage ' za-tahagWla za-beta
' Esra' e l .
. .
(25) Wa-qaribo , sagadat lotu ' enza tebel :
' Egzi ' o , rede' ani .
( 26) Wa- ' awse ' a , wa-yebela:
' I -kona sannaya nasi ' a xebesta welud wa-wehiba la-kalabat .
( 2 7) Wa-tebe :
' Ea, 'Egzi' o , ' esma kalabat-ni yeball e 'u ' em-ferfarat za
yewaddeq ' em-ma' eda ' aga'eztihomu .
( 2 8) Wa- ' emze ' awse' a ' Iyasus , wa-yebela:
'O-be' sito, ' abiy haymanoteki . Yekunki bakama tefaqqedi .
Wa-aywat walatta ' em-ye' eti sa ' at .
29.
30 .
. ..
Ba' enta ' ahzab ' e lla tafawwasu ' em-bezux dawehomu
Wa-xalifo ' em-heyya ' Iyasus , baa xaba ayqa baJ:r za-Galila,
wa- ' arigo dabra, nabara heyya . (30) Wa-qarbu xabehu ' azab be zuxan
' en z a bomu mes lehomu J:ankasana, ' e\urana, emumana , ewwusana, wa(29)
cl'umb ,
weak , crippled, maimed .
-iit) t ab l e .
27.
ma' ad (p I .
30 .
dawwus
CD ' acj.a1Jwasa
to weaken,
339
338
ta' anune]'u fakkero , wa t a ' amera mawa ' e-l s a ' i -ta' ammeru?
Wa-yebelomu :
fawwas omu , ( 3 1 ) ' eska s ob a ' azab yanakkeru ' en z a yere " eyu kama
31 .
Tewledd ' e lut wa- zanuna te"'merta t axasses , wa-te ' mert ' i
yetwahhaba za' enbal a t e ' merta Yonas nab i y .
Wa
Wa-xadagomu, wa-ora .
32 .
(32) Wa- awwe ' omu ' Iyasus l a- ' arda' inu, wa-yebelomu :
Yameteruni ' e l lu ' a zab , ' esma nahu salus a mawa ' ela ye anneu
xabeya, wa- ' albomu za-yebal l e ' u .
' ama xams xebest ' e l l a l a- xamsa me ' t , wa..:mi-maan? mazare ' a
' agaskemu?
'.""."
' edaw konu ' arbe ' a me ' t za' enbala ' anest wa-daqq .
(39) Wa-fatio
( 1 3) Wa-ba;;io ' Iyasus beera Qis areya za-P i l eppos tas e " e lomu l a
"Yom- s a-k1l
Ga!?!?a samay-nu
cripp l e , maim.
sehew serene .
Note
that in speaking o f the weather Eth . wi l l use beep (the l and) as the
subj e ct where Eng l i sh has the impersonal " i t . "
redd i s h .
D dammana to cl oud over, obscure; to become cloudy .
demmun cloudy .
Manna-hi yebe 1ewwo yekun s ab ' l a -walda ' egWli l a ' emma-eyliw?
3.
( 1 2 ) Wa- ' emze l abbawu kama ' akko za-yebe yet ' aqabu ' emenna be ' ata
33.
Chapter XVI
' azaba, ' arga westa amar, wa-ora westa dawala Magdal .
wa- ' asa-ni , wa-ye ' et a gi ze ' a' kWito , fatata wa-wahaba la- ' arda ' ihu ,
2.
( 6 ) Wa
Wa-yebe1 u :
XVI
(5) Wa-baiomu ' arda ' ihu ma' do t a , ras ' u xebes t a nasi ' a ;
(4)
CD
5.
impious , wi cked .
error/s i n .
ful .
idem .
13.
behla with direct obj e ct and obj ect complement means "to
340
341
.
,
_, r
(14) Wa-yebe ll :
manfaqomu ' Eremeyas -ha, wa- ' emma ' akko ' ahada ' em-nabiyat .
wa-nafso hagW l a?
( 1 5) Wa-yebelomu :
( 2 7) ' Esma hal 1 awo l a-walda ',egWala ' ' emma-eyaw yem;;a' ba
w
s ebhata
' abuhu mesla mala' ektihu, wa- ' ameha ya ' asseyo l a-k e l 1u
.
bakama megbaru .
' Anta we ' etu masi waldu la- ' Egzi ' aber eyaw .
Chapter XV I I
l a- ' arda. ' ihu kama hal lawo yeur ' {yarusalem , wa-bezuxa yaammemewwo
rabbanat wa- liqana kahenat wa-aaft , wa-yetqattal , wa-ba-salest
Jj
wa
negbar ba- zeyya salasta saqale\ a, ' aatta l aka wa- ' al)atta la,. , '....
Muse wa- ' aatta la- ' tl l eyas .
Ze-we ' etu waldeya za- ' afaqqer, za-botu samarku, wa-lotu
s eme ' ewwo .
21.
22.
24.
CG
( 7) Wa
of the Greek .
wa-yapbe < wa-yensa' " and let him be wil 1ing to take up . "
e Pe!ros
(6) Wa-sami 'omu ' arda' ihu, wadqu ba-gaomu, wa- farhu eqqa .
( 24) Wa- ' emze yebelomu ' Iyasus la- ' arda ' ihu :
tebu <
( 2 ) Wa-tawa l 1 ara ra ' yu ba-qedmhomu , wa- " abreha ga;;u kama aJ:ay , wa
(5) Wa- ' enza yetnagar, nahu dammana beruh ;;al lalomu, wa-nahu qal ' em
word) .
wa- la-Yoannes ' exuhu, wa- ' a 'ragomu westa dabr nawwax ' enta bal)titomu .
yebe l :
(1) Wa- ' emdexra sessu mawa ' e l nas ' omu ' Iyasus l a-Perros wa- la-Ya'qob
( 20) Wa- ' emze gassa!1omu l a- ' arda' ihu kama ' albo l a - z a yengeru kama
34 .
( 1 9) Wa
' e l 1 a yeqawwemu zeyya ' el l a ' i -ye!e "emewWo la-mo,t . eska ' ama
- -
." .
(28) ' Arnan ' ebelakemu ; bo ' e l la hal - l awu ' em-
yere " eyewwo l a-walda ' egW ala ' emm-i:eyaw ba- sebhata ' abuhu .
XV I I
4.
saqaZa
(p l .
saqaZew)
t abernac l e , tent .
( 1 2 ) Wa-
342
kama ' E l eyas wadde ' a ma ' a, wa- ' i -ya' marewwo ,
'. ebelakemu bahtu
.
e u kWe 1 1 0 zakama faqadu, wa-kamllhu la-walda
wa-batu gabru la ' l-h
' egWala ' emma-eyaw-ni hal l awo ymemewwo .
( 1 3) Wa- ' emze ' a ' maru ' arda ' ihu kama ba' enta Yoannes Matmeq yebelomu:
35.
( 14) Wa-ba il;lOmu xaba ' azab , qarba xabehu be ' s i , wa- sagada lotu
34 3
'
( 16) Wa- ' ama' kewwo xaba ' arda' ika, wa-se' newwo
Chap t er lCVI I I
fawwes o .
37.
' O - tewl e dd ' i- ' amanit wa- e lut , ' e ska mll ' ze-nu ' ehl'H lu
mes lekemu?
et eggasak emu?.
, -
zeyy a .
( 1 8) Wa-gassao ' Iyasus , wa-wa ' a ganenu ' em- la ' lehu, wa-aywa ean
( 1 9) Wa- ' emze qaribomu ' arda' ihu ' enta bah. titomu ,
ba-ye ' et i s a ' at .
yebelewwo l a - ' Iyasus :
B a ' enta ment nena s e ' enna ' awe ' oto?
haymllnot
a ana xettat
z eyya xaba kaa , " wa-yefal les , wa- ' albo za-ye s s a " anakemu .
Hal lawo l a-walda ' egWal a ' emma-eyaw yagbe ' eo westa ' eda sab' ,
wa-yeqatt e 1 e"0 , wa- ' ama sal e s t ' e l at yetnassa ' .
Petros , wa-yebelewwo :
14.
15.
20 .
further on .
.,. .
25 .
27.
( co i n ) .
XVI I I 6 .
' adg ( f .
certainly .
9.
gebr
'
W
tegg at (pI . -at) depth
W
naqq ar one - eyed , b l ind .
344
345
' em- ' enza kel 'e ' ayna be)<.a tetwaday wes'ta Gahannama ' e s sat .
' ame ' u lotu ' aada za-yefaddi ' e lfa ,makaiey a . ( 25) Wa-xai ' o
za-yefaddi , ' az zaza ' egzi ' l1 yesiew\'Q mesla b e ' s itu wa-me s l a
w
we ludu wa-k e l l o za-bo ' eska y.efaddi .
( 2 6) Wa-wadqa ' enka
38.
( 1 2 ) Ment tebelu?
(27) wa-maaro ' egzi ' u l a-we ' etu gabr, wafato, wa- ' edahu-ni
xadaga lotu .
( 2 8) Wa-wai ' o we ' etu gabr, rakaba ' aada gabra
,
- ' h u za-yefaddeyo me ' ta dinara , wii:," axazo yexneqo
' emenna abya
' emma t agadfa ' aadu ' em-westetomu , ' akko-hu yaxaddeg tas 'a wa
tas 'ata wes ta ' adbar, wa-yaawwer yexses za-tagadfo? ( 1 3) Wa
' emkama rakabll., ' amll.n ' eb e l akemu kama yetSSll. ba' enti ' aha
fadfida ' em-tas 'a wa-t as ' atu ' el l a ' i - t agadfu .
(14) Kamahu-ke
(30) Wa- ' abayo , wa-ora wa- ' amoqeJ:lo ' eska yefaddeyo .
I .-
re ' eyomu ' abya ihu z.akama ras s ayo ; takkazu eqqa, wa-awiromu
nagarewwo l a- ' egzi ' omu kWel lo z akama kon a . - ' (32) Wa- ' emze '
- '.
s. awwe 'o ' eg z i ' u, wa-yebiH o : '
w
- xa
- daggu 1. k a ' esma ' as t abqWa 'kani.
G abr ' ekuy, k e l lo ' eda
neger ba-beta Kerestiyan, wa- ' emma-sa la-beta Keresti yan ' i s am 'a, yekunka kama ' arami wa-maabbeawi .
' ebelakemu :
( 1 9) Wa
l ebbekemu .
medr ba' enta kWe l l u gebr za-sa ' alu , yetgabbar l omu ba-xaba
(20) ' E sma xaba hal l awu kel ' etu wa
Chap ter X I X
salas tu gubu ' an ba- s emeya, heyya hal l awku ' ana ma' kalomu .
40.
' Eska
21 .
23.
..
samayawi yegabber l akemu ' emma ' i -xadaggemu la-biekemu ' em-
' ana
maJ:larkuka?
.. .
w_
,
(34) Wa-tam ' e 'a ' egzi ' u , wa-ma!!awo la'- ' el 1 a :"k-1TIenu ' eska
( 1 8 ) ' Aman
( 3 1 ) Wa
Ba' enta ' e l l a tase' ' e lu ' emma yekawwenadiga be ' sit
(1) Wa-kona ' emza fa ama ' Iyasus zanta nagara, tanse ' a ' em-Gal i la,
( 2 ) Wa-talawewwo
wa-basha westa behera Yehuda rna' dot a Yordanos .
'
(3') Wa-ma!? ' u xabehu
' aJ:l z a be zuxan , w - fawwasomu ba-heyy a .
w
Yekawwen-hu la-be ' si xadiga be ' s it ba.-,k e l lu z a- ' abbasat?
G t tahasaba p ass .
asab com
gabra
vas t nLbe r .
27.
. .
346
347
( 5 ) Wa-yeb :
' emma , wa-yetal l ewa la-be ' situ, wa-yekawwenu ke l ' ehomu ' aada
sega .
(6) ' Enka-sa-ke ' i -konu k e l ' e z a ' enbala ' aadu sega
v
' emuntu.
(7) Wa-yebelewwo :
' E fo ' enka ' azzaza Muse yahabu maafa fel tan wa-yexdegewwa .
( 8) Wa-yebelomu :
Mus e - s a bakama ' ekaya lebbekemu daxarakemu texdegu ' anesteyakemu ,
wa- ' em-t ekat- s a ' akko kama- ze za-tagabra .
bahtu kama ' emma-bo za-xadaga b e ' sito za' enbala ba-zemmut , wa
' aw s aba kale ' ta, zammawa .
zammawa .
' Emma kama- ze we ' etu ser ' ata be ' si mesl a be ' situ, ' akko sanay
' awsebo?
' Akko kWe l l u za-yagammero la- zentu qal , z a ' enbala la- ' e l l a
( 1 2 ) ' Esma-bo xeewana ' el l a kamahu tawaldu ' em-karsa
' emmomu, wa-bo xeewan ' e l l a xa awomu s ab ' , wa-bo xe ewan ' e l la
xa awu re ' somu b a ' enta mangesta s amayat .
Wa- z a - s a yekel
fa emo la-yefa em .
( 1 3) Wa- ' emze ' al1le ' u lotu daqqa kama yanber ' edehu la_ ' lehomu wa
Xedegu daqiqa, wa- ' i -tekl e ' ewwomu ma i ' a xabeya, ' esma l a- ' el l a
kama- ze ye ' et i mangesta s amayat .
( 1 5) Wa- ' anbara ' edehu l a ' l ehomu, wa-xal afa ' em-heyya .
Ba' enta ba ' e l za-tas e " elo la- ' Egzi ' ena
6.
8.
12.
' Ayyat a?
' I -qat i l a nafs , ' i -tamaJ:1ezo , ' i -sar iq ,- ' i -J:1asse;6 s em ' .
(19)
' Akbero ' abuka wa- ' emmeka, wa- ' afqero bi"eka kama or e ' s eka .
( 20) Wa-yebel o we ' etu wareza :
Zanta kWello ' aqabku ' em-n e ' seya .
' Arnan ' ebelakemu kama ba ' e l:- ' em- ' e-ub ba ' at u mangesta s amayat .
yetkahhal .
( 2 7) Wa- ' emz e ' awse ' a Pero s , wa-yebe lo :
Nahu nena xadagna kWe l l o wa-talonaka .
G amara
0 1ammara to j oin, affix , connect , attach.
Glt
.
t
h
(
other)
d
.
emrat
J
o
ining
,
connection.
taamara t o as s oclate
l
one
an
.
W
ma1Qmer ( f . -t) p artner, mat e , companion, spous e .
9.
( 1 7) Wa-yebelo :
( 1 1 ) Wa-yebe lomu :
41 .
. .
( 2 2 ) Wa- s ami ' o wareza zanta nagara, xalafa ' enza yetekkez, ' esma-bo
tawehba .
Liq, ment-nu xer za- ' em-gabarku, eyata za - l a- ' alam ba-za
,
ewarre s ?
maaz (pl .
an ) l over ( m . or f . ) .
lover (m. or f . ) .
23.
)I , , :'!o>
,
348
..
w
( 2 9) Wa-k el lu
tekWnnenu ' asarta wa-kel ' eta hezba ' Esra ' e l .
' asta ' arraykomu mes l ena lar " e l la orp.a k ebada wa-lahba
za-xadaga ' abyata wa- ' axawa wa- ' axata wa- ' aba wa- ' emma wa
b e ' s i t a wa-weluda wa-garaweha ba ' enta s emeya me ' ta mek ' ebi t a
yenass e ' , wa-eywata z a - l a- ' alam yewarres .
l a - 'e lat .
( 1 ) ' Esma temassel mangesta s aayat be ' se ba ' l a bet z a-wad ' a
( 2) Wa-takahala
mes l a gaba't ba-ba -dinar h..l e l at , wa- fannawomu westa ' aada waynu.
(3) Wa-wai ' o gize salas s a ' at , re ' ya kal e ' ana ' en z a yeqawwemu
uru ' antemu-ni westa ' a ada wayneya , wa- za-b a-retu '
' ehubakemu.
Wa- ' emuntu-hi oru.
z a- faqadku ba-newayeya?
O l a"ezb ,
WW
wa-yessalaqu l a ' l ehu, wa-yeqassefewwo; wa-yesaqqel ewwo , wa-ba
salest ' e l at yetnassa' .
' ehubakemu .
(8) Wa- ' emza masya, yebe ba ' l a ' a ada wayn la-maggabihu :
$ awwe 'omu la- gaba ' t , wa-habomu ' asbomu, wa- ' axaz qedma
' em-daxart ' eska qadamt .
(9) Wa-ma ' u ' el l a ' asru wa- ' aatti s a ' at , wa-nas ' u ba-ba dinar.
( 1 0 ) Wa-ma ' u qadamt , wa-mas alomu z a-yafadaffedu nasi ' a , wa
( 1 1) Wa-nasi ' omu, ' angWargWaru
word :
1.
2.
5.
... :-:
( 2 1 ) Wa-yebe H l :
Ment
( 2 2 ) Wa- tebe lo :
Ras si l i t a kama yenbaru ' e l lu daqiqeya kel ' ehomu ' ahadu ba
yamaneka wa- ' atadu ba-agameka ba-mangestek a .
( 2 2 ) Wa- ' awse ' a ' Iyasus wa-yebe :
' I - ta' ammeru za-tes e " e l u .
Nekel .
( 2 3) Wa-yebelomu :
' akko ' ana za- ' ehub , z a ' enbala la- ' el l a ' ast adalawa l omu ' abuya.
twofold, doub l y .
xx
(20) Wa- ' emze rna;; ' at xabehu ', emmomu la-daqiqa Zabedwos mes l a daqiqll.,
uru ' antemu-ni westa ' asada wayneya, wa- za-rat ' ani
29.
l iqana kahenat wa
43 .
F aqadku ' an a l a - z e
Wa-yebH ewwo :
".
Chapter XX
42.
349
( 2 4) Wa- s ami ' omu ' asartu hazanu ba' enta kel ' ehomu ' axaw .
( 2 S ) Wa
; '.
350
351
yekunkemu gabra .
eyaw yet la' akewwo , za' enbala yet l a ' ak wa-yahab nafso beza
be zuxan .
44 .
' Ams e ' u ' edegta wa- 'ewala, wa-rahanu ' albasihomu l a 'lehon, wa
westa fenot,.
( 2 9 ) Wa- ' enza yewae' u ' em- ' Iyario , talawewwo sab ' be zuxan .
( 3 0)
Wa-nahu kel ' tu ' ewuran yenabberu eqqa mangad, wa- s ami 'omu kama
' Iyasus yaxal l e f , arxu ' enza yeb e lu :
yebelu :
( 1 2 ) Wa-bo ' a ' Iyasus bta maqdas , wa-sadada kWe l l omu ' el la yesayyetu
( 3 3) Wa-yebel ewwo :
Sehuf:
fannawa ' Iyasus ke l ' et a ' em- ' arda' ihu, (2) wa-yebelomu :
uru hagara za-qedmekemu, wa-ye ' et a gize t erakkebu ' edegta
Feteu wa- ' am e ' u l it a .
( 3 ) Wa
' emma-bo za-yebel akemu menta tegabberu, balu, '' ' E gz i ' omu
yefaqqedomu , " wa-ba-gi zeha yefennewomu .
( 5 ) Bal ewwa l a-walatta eyon :
( 6 ) Wa-awiromu ' arda ' ihu, gabru bakama ' az zazomu ' Iyasus .
30.
2.
(7)
: t
C f . ' engeaa.
"Hosa 'na la
' Albo -hu ' ama ' anbabkemu kama ' em- ' afa daqiq wa-eanat
' edegt .
Chapter XX I
yawwah,
. . .
46 .
45 .
( 1 3) Wa-yebelomu :
ba ' ata--saraqt .
( 34 ) Wa- ' amarewwo l a- ' Iyasus , wa-l akafomu ' a ' yentihomu, wa-ba-gi zeha
heyya .
7.
S.
ne?uf spread.
9.
rug , covering.
Hosanna!
G t tanafa p as s .
Qt tagafte' a pass .
12.
15.
CDt
CGt
awwez (p l .
.,
352
47.
49.
( 1 9) Wa-re 'ya
Wa-yebel li :
wa-ora .
yebe :
s a ' alkemu ba- alot ' enza t a ' ammenu tenasse ' u .
48.
Ba' enta ' el la tase" e l ewwo " kahenat wa-rabbanat l a - ' Iyasus
ba-mabata mannu tegabber zanta
50.
baa gize ferehu, fannawa ' agbertihu xaba arast kama yense ' u
ferehu.
(35) Wa'-nas ' ewwomu arast la- ' agbertihu , wa-bo . za
zaba!u, wa-bo za-qatalu, wa-bo za-wagaru .
(36) Wa- ' emze
sel!ana?
(24) Wa- ' awse ' a ' Iyasus wa-yebelomu :
' Es s e " alakemu ' ana-hi ' aJ:!atta qal a za- ' emkama nagarkemuni
' ana-hi ' ayadde ' akemu ba- ' ayy sel!lin ' egabber zanta .
(25)
fannawa kal e ' ana ' agberta ' e l l a yebazzexu ' em-qadamt , , wa
kiyahomu-n i kamahu rass ayewwomu .
(37) Wa-dexra fannawa
Yaxafferewwo la-waldeya- s a .
' Emma nebe za- ' em- samay, yebelana " Ba- ' efo-ke za- ' i
' amankemewwo?"
(26) Wa- ' emma-hi nebe za- ' em-sab ' , nefarrehomu
( 39 ) Wa-nas ' ewwo , wa- ' awe ' ewwo ' af' a ' em- ' as ada wayn, wa-
' Ana-hi ' i - yayadde' akemu ba- ' ayy s e l tan zanta ' egabber .
24 .
25 .
Gt tayad <a
Is it x or is it y?
restu .
Wa-yebel omu
we ' etu-hi :
p as s .
( 3'3) Kal e ' ta mes sale seme ' u . -8'e ' si b[ ' l a bt , wa-takal a ' aada
'
wayn, wa- gabra:- I O tu aqWana wa-karaya wttu mkyada , wa
J;tanaa maxfada , wa-wahabo l a-J:!arst , wa-nagada . ( 34) Wa- ' ama
( 2 8) Wa-lI\enta t.ebelu?
'ea balas ba-mangad, wa-ora xabeha, wa- ' albo za-rakaba westeta
353
29.
30.
, 33 .
wal l .
No !
refuse l
Very we l l , I wi l l (do so) .
W
qaq ana t o surround with a fence o r wal l .
maxfad tower .
G arasa (yeres) to p l OW .
34 .
Gt
taarsa p a s s .
W
ijaq an fenc e ,
arasi (pl .
mal;zras (p l . mares ) p l ow .
355
354
' as t adal awku, wa-tabahku magaz e ' t eya - 'aswareya, wa
(40) ' Emkama ' enka ma-? ' a ' egzi ' a ' a-?ada wayn, menta
qat a l ewwo .
(41) Wa-yebelewwo :
(7)
Wa-tam ' e ' a negus, wa- fannawa arrahu yeqte rewwom, la- ' el l ektu
qat a l t ; wa-qatal ewwomu, wa'-hagaromu-ni ' aw ' ayu ; ' (8) Wa- ' emze
Ba ' a l eya-sa delew we' etu, wa-batu la- ' e l l a ' assarnahomu
m ' zent .
sa ' i -kafalomu.
(9) uru-ke ' enka westa marahebt wa.
'
w
' anaqe , wa-k e l l o za-rakabkemu awwe ' u westa kabkab .
( 10) Wa-wagi ' omu ' emuntu ' agbert westa fenaw , ' astagabe ' u
kWel l o za-rakabu ' ekuyna wa-xerana, wa-ma l ' a beta ba ' al ' em
(44) Wa- za- s a wadqa diba ye ' et i ' ebn yetqaaqqa , wa- la-za-hi
' e l la yeraffequ .
Wa-yebHo :
( 1) Wa- ' awse ' a ' Iyasus dagema, wa-nagara ba-messale ' enza yeb e l :
( 2 ) Temass e l mangesta samayat be ' se negusa za-gabra kabkaba l a
(3) Wa-fannawa ' agbertihu yeawwe ' ewwomu l a- ' e l l a
(4) Wa-dagema
42 .
Nahu mesaeya
D t tamannana
crushed , groun d .
damaqa to grind
XX I I
3.
qe pqape
up,
vn .
crush .
52.
Dt ta 'assara p as s .
mesa meal , din
5.
8.
vi l e l y , wretchedly, without p i t y .
pas s .
44 .
Ye ' serewwo ' edawihu wa- ' egarihu wa-yawe ' ewwo westa
41 .
,-
Chapter XX I I
wal du .
(12)
KiH e ' eya , ' efo bo ' ka zeyya z a ' enbala t elbas leb'sa mar ' a?
51 .
yeraffequ, rakaba ba-heyya be ' s e za- ' i -Iabsa I-ebsa mar ' a .
(45) Wa- sami 'omu l iqana kahenat wa-Farisaweyan ' ams al atihu, ' a ' maru
' kama ba ' ent i ' ahomu yeb e l .
B o - za-hora westa
(6) Wa- ' e l la-sa tarfu
to be one ' s
portion (' i-kafa Zomu i t was not their portion ; they were not worthy
of i t ) .
kefuZ divided .
tafama
Dt
356
35 7
' AmI aka eya.wa.n-ke. we' etu, wa- ' akko ' amI aka !Dew_u"':.n ;
Liq, na' ammer kama rate ' ' anta wa-ba-edq temehher fenota
' Egzi ' aber, wa- ' i - taass eb manna-hi , wa- ' i -tadal lu l a-ga a
sab ' .
.. .
Wa-yebe lomu :
w
w
' Afqer ' Egzi ' abl}er ' amlakaka ba-k e l lu l ebbeka wa-ba-k e l lu
w
w
nafseka wa-ba-k e l lu xayleka wa-ba-k e l lu x e l l innaka .
(3S)
Habu za-nagsi la-nags i , wa- za- 'Egzi ' aber la- ' Egzi ' abe r .
( 2 2 ) Wa- s ami ' omu, ' ankaru wa-xadagewwo wa-xalafu .
53.
Ba' enta Saduqweyan ' e l l a yebelu ' albo tens a ' e mewutan
55.
' Emma-bo za-mota ' exuhu ' enza ' albo weluda ,
( 2 5 ) Hal l awu
' enka xabena s ab ' at u ' axaw, wa- za-yel ehheq ' awsaba wa-mo t a , wa
' esma ' albo \'/e luda, xadaga be ' sito l a - ' exuhu .
kale ' u-ni wa-salesu-hi ' eska s ab ' at ihomu .
kWe l l omu motat ye' eti be ' si t .
(26) Wa-kamahu
( 2 7) Wa-dexra
yebel :
Teseetu ba- ' i -ya' mero maaeft wa- ' i -xayla ' Egzi ' aber .
( 30)
' Ama-s a yaayyewu mewutan , ' i -yawassebu wa- ' i -yetwasabu , ' al Ia
kama mal a ' ekta ' Egzi ' aber ba-samayat ' emuntu.
(45) Za-lalihu ' enka Dawit ' egzi ' eya yeb e l o , ' efo ' enka
yekawweno waldo?
(46) Wa- ' albo za-kehla ' awse ' oto qiila, wa - ' albo za-ab ' a ' em-ye ' et i
'elat tase " eloto menta-ni .
' iigabb e ' omu la-al ii ' teka tiita makayyada ' egarika .
l it . :
Za-Diiwi t .
mewutan , l a-mannu ' em-s ab ' atihomu tekawwen be ' s i t a , ' esma
16.
Wa-yebiil ewwo :
(23) Wa-ba-ye ' et i ' e lat mas ' u xabehu Saduqaweyan ' e l l a yebe lu ' albo
tensa ' e mewutan .
(35) Wa-t as e ' ' e lo ' ahadu ' em-westetomu .;; al}a:t;e" hagar ' enza
yl'lkkero :
Za-nags i .
Ba' enta aafi za-tas e " elo ' ayy t e ' zaz ya ' abbi
(34) Wa-s ami ' omu F ari s aweyan kama faamomu la-Saduqaweyan , t agabe ' u
xabehu .
54 .
(33) Wa-
KWe l lo za
( 4) Wa-ya' as s eru
ora ' abiya wa-kebuda, wa-yas akkemewwo l a- sab ' diba matiikeftu,
XXI I I 4 .
tasakma
G.
CG
Gt
359
358
wa- lal ihomu-s a ' i -ye l akkefewwo ba- ' aba 'tomu .
w
(5) Wa-k e l lo
tess amayu rabbi , ' esma ' aadu we ' etu mamehherekemu , wa- ' antemu
sa ' axaw kWe l l ekemu . (9) Wa- ' i -terasseyu ' aba ba-diba medr ,
' esrna ' aadu we ' etu ' abukemu samayawi .
(11)
haymanota .
tebal l e 'u ' abyta mabal l atat wa-tamakanneyu wa-tabaz zexu alota.
Ba' enta zantu terakkebu fadfada kWennane . ' Ale l akemu aaft
wa-Farisaweyan , madl ewan, ' esrna ta ' a ewu mangesta samayat
'Antemu-hi ' i -tebawwe ' u wa- l a- ' el l a-hi
tewexxe!u .
la-Gahannam .
yeqeddeso l a-warq?
XXI I I 4 .
tasakma
G
=
13.
G.
' af' akemu t eeddaqu la- 'ayna s ab ' , wa- ' enta westekemu-s a
melu ' an ' antemu ' amma1a wa-hayda"w- ' adlewo :
Gt
(33)
'Af 'ot , tewl edda ' arawita medr, ' efo tekelu ' amse!o ' em
kWennane Gahannam?
yastare " eyu sannayana, wa- ' enta westomu- s a me lu'ana ' a 'semta
.
,
w
w
wa- abd enta wa-k e l l 0 rek s a . (28) Kamahu-ke ' antemu-ni ' enta
se Zan di l l .
xeebo l a- ewa ' wa- la-al ' enta wes!u, kama yekun neua ' enta
Faris aweyan, madl ewan , ' esma t a ' awwedu bara wa-yabsa kama
ta!mequ ' aada falas e .
(24) ' Amreta ' ewuran , ' el l a sadota tena! efu wa-gamala-sa
' el l a t emas selu maqabera gebsusana, ' e l l a ' enta .' af' ahomu
tabawwe ' u 'l1serata ' edehu la- ' azab wa- Ia-selan- wa-.la-karnin, wa
xadaggemu z a-ya ' abbi t e ' zazata ' orit : edq a , wa-mewata , wa
24 .
kamin cummin .
?agot/?a?ot gnat , fl e a .
strained, pure .
neuf
wexta/waxata (yaxat) to
swal low.
27.
33 .
<aqm (p l .
361
360
kWel lu adeqan za-take ' wa diba medr ' em-dama ' Abel adeq ' eska
dama Zakareyas walda Barakeyu , za-qatalkemu ba-ma ' ka l a beta
maqdas .
kWe l lu .
(38)
' I - tere " eyuni ' em-ye ' ze ' eska soba tebel u :
(3) Wa- ' enza yenabber ba-Dabra Z ayt , qarbu ' arda' ihu xabehu ' enza
yebelu ' enta bahtitomu :
Negerana ma' ze yekawwen - z e , wa-ment t e ' mertu l a-me s ' ateka wal a- xe l qata ' alamo
(5) ' e sma bezuxan yema e ' u ba- s ema
z i ' aya ' enza yebelu, '' ' Ana we' etu mas i, 1 1 wa-be zuxana yaseetu.
(6) Wa-hal l awakemu t e sme 'u qatl a wa-dema aba ' it .
t e dangeu, ' esma gebr yekawwen kamahu, wa- ' akko ba- gizeha za
( 7 ) Wa-yetnassa' ezb diba ezb wa-nagast diba
' afrext/
2.
nesut destroyed.
6.
7.
nestat destruction .
l a-mus ena za-tabeh l a ba-Dane ' e l nab'iy ' enza yeq;\",;e westa
makan qeddus ' (za-yanabbeb yelabbu) , (1'6 ) ' runeha ' el l a esta
Yehuda yegWayyu wes t a ' adba r , ( 1 7) wa- za.-west a naJ:s ' i -yerad
ye ' eta ' amira ' abiy J:emam wa-mendabe za- ' i -kona ' em-qedma ' a l am
Gt tanasta p as s .
xaara ' emantu mawi i< e 1 , ' albo za-! em-exna mannu-hi za-sega,
wa-batu b a ' enta .xeruyan- yaxa era ' mantu mawa'< e l .
(23) '
....
' Ameha ' emrna-bo . za-yebe l akemu "Nawa zeyya 'haUo Keresto s , w.a "
'
nawa kaak , " ' i - t e ' manu , (24) ' esma yema e ' u assaweyana masih
wa-assaweyana nabiyat , wa-yegabberu t aamera ' abayta wa
mankera l a - ' aseto , s oba-sa yetkahha1 omu , l a-xeruyan-hi .
yaxal l eq .
mangest wes ta kWel lu ' [lam kama' yekun S em' a Hi. ' l a kWe l lu ' aJ:zab,
wa-ye ' eta ' amira yeblle xelqat .
( 1 5 ) Wa- ' ma :re/ikemu xasaro
( 1 ) Wa-wai ' o ' Iyasus ' em-beta maqdas , ora, wa-qarbu ' arda ' ihu, wa
w
(2) Wa- ' awse ' a, wa-yebelomu :
' ar' ayewwo enahu l a-mek rab .
;)
Chapter XXIV
57.
(25)
gadruna hal l o , " ' i -tea ' u ; wa-"N awa westa ' abyat , " ' i - t e ' manu ,
(27) ' esma kama ' enta mabraq yewae ' ' em - ebaJ: , wa-yast are" i
' eska ' arab , kamahu mes ' atu l a-walda ' egWa l a ' emrna-eyaw .
Xaba hal l awa gadala , heyya yetgabe ' u ' ansert .
(28)
(29) Wa-ba
gi zeha ' em-dexra emamon l a - ' emantu mawa' e l , ay-ni yeal l em,
wa-warx-ni ' i -yehub berhano , wa-kawakebt yewaddequ ' em-samay ,
wa-yanqal aqqel xayla s amayat .
' Ameha
yebakkeyu kWe l lu ' azaba medr, wa- ere " eyewwo l a-walda ' egWala
' emma-eyaw ba-dammanata s amay yema e ' mes l a xayl wa-s ebat
bezux.
12.
28.
29.
to
362
363
' abiy, wa-yastagabe ' omu l a -xeruyanihu ' em- ' arba ' tu makan ' em
aqiya san . ,
Chap'ter' XXV
' emkama re ' ikemu zanta kWe l l o , ' a ' meru kama qarb a wa-hal l o xaba
59.
xoxt . (34) ' Aman ' ebelak emu kama ' i -taxal lef za-tewl edd ' e ska
w
z e-k e l lu yetgabbar . (35) Samay wa-medr yaxallef wa-qal eya-sa
( 1 ) ' Ameha temassel mangesta samayat ' asru dgela ' e l l a nas ' a
' i-yaxal l e f .
(36) Wa-b a ' enta ye' eti-sa ' elat wa-ye ' eti s a ' at ' albo za
yetwasabu, ' eska ' ama bo ' a Nox westa tabot , (39) wa- ' i -ya ' maru
maxatewihon .
' eska soba mas. ' a maya ' axy wa- ' a!fe ' a kWe l l o , kamahu- ke
,
w
- . (40) ' Ameha
yekawwen me atu la-wal d a ' eg _ala ' emma- h. eyaw
kel ' yehel l ewu westa garaht :
Tegehu ' enka, ' e sma ' i -ta' ammeru ba- ' ayy s a ' at yema e '
. ' eg z i ' ekemu .
ba ' l a 'bet g i ze yema e ' s araqi , ' em-tagha wa- ' em- ' i - xadaga
yetkaray betu . (44) Ba' ent a - ze ' antemu-hi del ewanikemu hal lewu,
' esma ba-gi ze ' i -ta ' ammeru yema e ' walda ' egWala ' emma-eyaw .
(45) Mannu ' enga gabr ma ' man wa-abib za-yesayyemo ' egzi ' u
westa betu kama yahabomu s i sita ba-gi zehu?
gabr za-mai ' o ' egz i ' u yerakkebo ' enza zanta yegabber .
' Aman ' ebelakemu kama diba kWel lu !eritu yesayyemo .
(47)
(48) Wa
' emma-sa yebe we' etu gabr ' ekuy ba- l ebbu, "YegWanaddi ' at iwa
' egzi ' eya, " (49) wa-yezabbe! ' abyaihu, wa-yebal l e ' wa-yesatti
mes la sakart , (50) wa-yema e ' ' egzi ' u l a-we ' etu gabr ba- ' e l at
49 .
caus .
tion .
CG ' askara
...
Habana ' em-qeb ' ek'en , ' esrii'a nixat'ewina -!af' "
(9) Wa- ' aws e ' lihn, t ababli_ ' e z yebla :
'
;
-ya' akkelana lana w"a,:"l aken . l;Iura
' Emma bo ,
kona:
' amira ' em-qedma ' ayx yeba l l e 'u wa-yesatteyu wa-yawas s ebu wa
yaxaddegu .
nasi ' on maxatewihon ' i -nas ' a qeb ' a meslehon, (4) wa-!ababat -sa
ya' ammer, wa- ' i -mala' ekta samy wa- ' i -wald za' enbala ' ab
bahtitu .
(10) Wa-hawiton yessayata , baa mar 'awi , wa-bo ' a mes lehu
' el leku del ewat westa kabkab , wa-ta ' awa xoxt .
ma ' ' el l ektu-hi danagel , wa-yebela :
' arxewan a .
( 1 1 ) Wa-dexra
60 .
( 14) ' Esma kama be' s i za-yenagged, wa- s awwe ' a ' agbertihu,
G . azaba to think , believe , suppos e .
SO .
taazzaba
cerned .
XXV
1.
phras e :
G ; also :
Gt tzba
Dt
4.
6.
9.
365
364
( 1 9) Wa- ' emdexra be zux mawa' el. ' atawa ' egzi ' omu
(20) Wa-qarba za
xamsa makal eya nas ' a, wa- ' ame" a kale ' t a xamsa makaIeya ' enza
yebe l :
' Egzi ' o , xamsa makaleya wahabkani , wa-nahu xamsa kal e ' t a
rabku.
61.
' atal i .
Niihu
Westa
Ta' arrer
(25)
gabarkemu ..
(41) Wa- ' emz e yebelomu la- ' el l a ba-1agiim :
uru regumlin westa ' essat za- Ia- ' alam za-de l ew l a - s ayan
' i - zara ' ku wa- ' astglibe ' ' em-xaba ' i - zarawku .
(27) ' Em
nasa ' ka warqeya , wa- ' em- ' agba ' ka westa ma' ed , wa-mai ' eya
' em- ' astagabbarkewwo l aliya ba-rede .
' E gzi ' o , ma ' ze re ' inaka rexubaka wa-semu' aka wa- ' engedlika
Note Dt tagabbara in the sense "to invest , " and COt (vs .
27.
wa- ' eraqaka wa-dewuyaka wa-tamoqi aka wa- ' i -tal e ' eknaka?
(45) Wa- ' emze yawasse ' omu negus ' enza yebe l :
G l t taradaya i dem .
' e llu ne ' usan ' axaweya ' el l a ya' ammenu beya, lita
Nahu
(39) Wa
(24) Wa-ma ' a za- ' aatta-ni maklita nas ' a, wa-yebe :
xaba ' i - z ara ' ka, wa-tastagab e ' ' em-xaba ' i - z arawk a .
' Egzi ' o , ' a' ammeraka kama deruk b e ' si ' anta .
t amoqku wa-nababkemuni .
'
Westa
: b- s ebatihu,
w
wa-k e l l omu mala' ektihu mes i ehu, ' ' ameha yenabber westa manbara
sebatihu . (32) Wa-yetgabe ' u kWe ll omu ' azab ' qedmehu, wa
yefa l l e!omu za-za z i ' ahomu kama no lawi yefal le! ' abage ' a ' em
(30) Wa- I a
wa-aqiya s enan .
(17) Wa-kamahu za-hi kel ' eta raba kaI e ' t a kel ' et a .
. '
gabr-sa ' ekuy " aw1e ' ewwo westa 'anfi !ielmat xaba bekay
( 1 8 ) Wa- za- ' atta-sa nas ' a xal afa wa-karaya medra wa-xab ' a
l a- I a ' aadu
( 1 6) Wa-ora zeku za
xamsa maklita nas ' a, wa-tagabbara bontu, wa-raba kal e ' t a xamsa
makl ita.
'"
32 .
366
367
' Arnan ' ebelakemu :
( 1 7) Wa-ba-qadamit 'e l at a F esQ. . ,qar.b.u ' arda ' ihu la- ' Iyasus wa
yebel ewwo :
Ba- ' ayte te 'faq'qed nas tadalu l aka t ebla ' Fesa?
( 1 8 ) Wa-yebelomu ' Iyasus :
Chapter XXVI
( 1 ) Wa-kona ' emza fas sama ' Iyasus zanta kWe l l o nagara , yebelomu la
( 2) Ta' ammeru kama ' eska kel ' e ' mawa ' el yekawwen Fas i k , wa
Fe5a .
Ba' enta ' enta qab ' at o la- ' Egzi ' ena ' e frata
(6) Wa-ba io ' Iyasus Bitany[ beta Sem ' on za- l am , (7) ma ' at xabehu
be ' si t ' en z a bat,i berale za-me l u ' ' e frata westetu za-bezux setu, wa
so!at diba re ' su l a- ' Iyasus ' en z a yeraffeq .
.
"
,
"
Za- s abxa mes leya ' edehu westa mabex we' etu yagabbe ' ani .
wa-bahtu ' ale lotu l a-we ' etu b e ' s i za-ba- Hl 'l hu yetmeHawewwo
,
' Em-xayyaso soba ' i -tawalda , l awe ' etu be ' s i .
(25) Wa- ' awse ' a Yehuda za-yagahbe ' o , wa:"yebe :
Wa-yebe 1o :
64 .
Ba-xaba
ni wa-yezakkerewwa .
( 26) Wa- ' enza yebal l e 'u, nas ' a xebesta ' Iyasus , wa-baraka, wa-fatata,
wa-wahaba la- ' arda ' ihu , wa-yebe :
' Enkemu bel e ' u .
(27) Wa-nas ' a ewa ' a, wa- ' a' kW ata, wa-wahabomu ' en za yebe l :
S et ayu ' em-westetu kW e l l ekemu . ( 2 8 ) Ze-we ' etu dameya z a-haddis
(14) Wa- ' emze ora ' ahadu ' em- ' asartu wa-kel ' etu ' arda ' ihu za-semu
ser ' at z a-yetka" aw ba' enta bezuxin kama yetxadag xati ' at .
( 24)
Wa-walda ' egWala ' emma-eyaw yaawwer bakama eQ.uf ba' enti ' ahu,
zalfa za-terakkebuni .
' Arnan ' ebelakemu kama ' ahadu ' emennekemu yagabbe ' ani .
l iqa kahenat za-s emu Qayafa, (4) wa-tamakaru kama ' Iyasus-ha ba-ebl
(20) Wa-meseta kawino , rafaqa mes la ' asartu wa-ke l ' etu
(3) Wa- ' emze tagabe ' u l iqana kahenat wa- l iqanat a ezb westa ' aada
62 .
."
( 1 9) Wa- gabru ' arda' ihu bakama ' az zazomu ' Iyasus , wa- ' astadalawu
( 5 ) Wa-yebe l u :
Yebe liq :
xabeka ' egabber Fasika mes l a ' arda ' eya . "
Ba' enta z akama tase " ' el ewWo ba-xaba' yasiimal ewu ,-lotu F e sha
63.
' I -yesatti ' enka ' em- ze fere wayn ' eska
' entakti ' e lat ' ama ' es att eyo addisa mes lekemu ba-mangesta
' abuya.
7.
17.
Fes Passover .
23.
26.
' enkemu
Fasika
abxa t o dip .
pose d of an e l ement
' enka .
' en-
i d em .
mabex
dish, bowl .
... -
368
(30) Wa- ' anbibomu , wac;l ' u westa Dabra Zayt .
' Iyasus :
KWe l lekemu ta' a l l ewuni ba- zati l e l i t , ' esma yebe maaf :
' Eqattelo l a-nolawi , wa-ye z z arraw ' abage ' a mar' etu .
(32) Wa- ' emkama tansa ' ku , ' eqaddemakemu Gal i l a .
369
wa-yebelomu :
Numu ' enka- sa, wa- ' a 'refu. Nahu bal)a gi zehu, wa-yagabbe ' ewwo
la-walda ' egWala ' emma-heyaw westa ' eda xate ' an . (46) Tanse ' u ,
nel)ur .
65.
yenqu doreho .
' Emma-hi motku mes l eka, ' i -Yekeedak a .
Wa-kamahu yebelu kWe l l omu ' arda ' ihu . (36) Wa- ' emze I)ora mes lehomu
' a ada wayn za-semu Geteseman , wa-yebe lomu l a- ' arda' ihu :
(37) Wa-nas ' o la-Pe!ros wa- l a - ke l ' ehomu daqiqa Zabdewos , wa- ' axaz a
(38) Wa- ' emze yebelomu :
mes l eya .
( 39) Wa- t a ' atata Qeqqa ' em-heyya, wa-s agada ba-ga u , wa-al laya, wa
yebe :
' Abuya, ' emma- s a yetkahhal , yexlef ' emenneya z e - ewa ' .
Wa
la-Pe!ros :
Kama- ze-nu s e ' enkemu tagiha ' atta sa' ata mes leya?
Tegehu wa- alleyu kama ' i -teba' u westa mansut .
(41)
Manfas - s a
Bal)a Rabbi .
( 5 0)
- .c5 iji-yebelo
' Agbe ' ma!bal)taka wes ta betu, ' esma kW e l l omu ' e l l a ma!bal)ta
Kama za- s araqi tedegenu rnaa' kemu ba- ' e9aw wa-ba-maabel)
w
ta' axazuni? Wa- z alfa ' enabber mes lekemu ba-rnek rab wa- ' emehher,
wa- ' i - ' axazkemuni .
w
39 .
Nebaru z eyya ' es ka soba ' awwer kaa wa- ' eall i .
' aadu ma ' a, wa-mes lehu bezux s ab ' mes l a maabe wa- 'e aw ' em
1
xabehomu la-l iqana kahenat wa- liqanata ezb . (48) Wa- za-yagabbe ' o
(47) Wa- ' enz a zanta yetnagar, nahu Yehuda ' em:: <asartu 'a-kel ' e
yetakke z wa-yezen .
' Iyasus wasadewwo xaba Qayafa liqa kahenat xaba tagabe 'u' al)aft wa
l iqanat . (58) Wa-talawo Pe!ros ' em- reuq ' eska ' aada liqa kiihenat ,
wa-bo ' a westa, wa-nabara mes la wa 'ali yer ' ay rnaxlaqto la-nagar . ( 5 9 )
wa-yaxasses l iqana kahenat wa- al)aft wa-l iqanat wa-kw ellu ' awd
sarna 'ta hassat ba- z a yeqte l ewwo la- ' Iyasus , wa- ' i - rakabu . (60) Wa-
47.
52.
55 .
371
370
wa-yebeI u :
Yebe - z e :
.Chapter; X :v I I .
( 1 ) Wa- abio t amakaru kWe l lomu l iqana kahenat wa- liqanata ezb
'Amal kuka ba- ' Egzi ' aber eyaw kama tengerani ' emma ' anta-hu
Kerestos waldu l a- ' Egzi ' aber..
' Anta tebe , wa-batu ' ebelakemu : ' Em-ye ' ze-sa tere " eyewwo la
walda ' e gWa l a ' emma-eyaw ' enza yenabber ba-yamana xayl wa
' enza yema e ' ba-dammanata s amay.
(66)
Wa- ' awse ' u , wa-yebe l u : Yeqt e l ewwo . (67) Wa- ' emze taf'u westa ga u,
w
wa-k ar ' ewwo , wa- a f ' ewwo ' en z a yebe lu :
Tanabbay l ana Kerestos .
66.
wa- ' agbe ' a salasa berura la- liqana kahenat wa- l a- l iqawenta ezb , (4)
' enza yebel :
' Abbasku za- ' agba ' ku dama adeq .
Mi - l a ' l ena?
' I -yekawwen nedayo west a qWerban , ' esa seta dam we ' etu.
. .
Wa-nas ' u salasa berura seo l a-kebur za- ' akbaru ' em-daqiqa
' Es ra ' e l , (O) wa-wahabewwon l a-garahta labawi bakama ' a zzazani
tebelo :
( 1 1 ) Wa-qoma ' Iyasus qedmehu l a-mal ' aka ' zab , wa-tas e " elo mal ' aka
( 7 1 ) Wa-wa1i ' o xoxta, re ' yato kale ' t , wa-tebel omu l a- ' e l l a heyya
yeqawwemu :
kahenat wa- l iqawenta ezb , ' albo za-yawasse ' omu wa- > -ment a-hi .
( 7 2 ) Wa-kehda ka 'eba, wa-mahala kama '' ' I -ya' ammero l a-we ' etu be ' s i . "
(73) Wa-eqqa behilo , ma? ' u ' e l l a yeqawwemu wa-yebel ewwo l a-Petros :
'Aman ' anta-hi ' em-xabehomu ' anta, wa-nagareka ya ' amveqaka .
ba-gi zeha naqawa doreho .
(6)
( 7 4 ) Wa-mal a, wa-taragma kama ' ' ' I -ya ' ammero l a-we ' etu b e ' s i . "
(8) Wa-tas amya we ' etu medr medra dam ' ska yom .
Wa-yeblH ewwo :
1erfato .
67.
(3) Wa- ' emze soba re ' ya Yehuda za- ' agbe ' o kama ' arseewwo , nas s eha
Wa
ze-yebe I o :
W
W
6 7 . G taf' a t o spi t . tef' at s p i t . G k ar' a o r D k arre 'a
W
strike s omeone ' s head with one ' s fists . Gt tak ar 'a p as s .
(15)
Wa-ba-ba' al yal ammed mal ' aka ' zab ' ayewo ' aada la-hezb ' em-westa
muquan za- faqadu .
XXV I I
to
( 1 3)
7.
labQawi
CG
373
372
wa-ya'ammero kWellu. ( 1 7 ) Wa- ' enza gubu' an ' emuntu, yebelomu Pila!os
la-hezb?
Manna tefaqqedu ' ayu lakemu, Barbanha-nu wa-mima ' Iyasusha-nu
za-semu Kerestos?
' Esma ya' ammer kama la-qen' atomu ' agbe' ewwo . ( 1 9 ) Wa- ' enza yenabber
'awda, la' akat xabehu be'situ ' enza tebel :
'Uq ' i-ta' abbes la ' la we' etu adeq , ' esma bezuxa amamku yom
ba-elm ba' enti ' ahu.
( 20) Wa-liqana kahenat wa-liqawent . ' aha ' abalu J:tezba kama Barbanha
yes ' alu wa- ' Iyasusha yeqtelu. ( 2 1 ) Wa- ' awse ' a mal ' aka ' ahzab ' enza
yebelomu:
Manna tefaqqedu ' em-kel ' ehomu ' yu l akemu?
Wa-yebelu : Barbanha . ( 2 2 ) Wa-yebelomu Pila!os :
Menta ' enka ' erasseyo l a- ' Iyasus za-semu Kerestos?
Wa-yebelu kWellomu : Seqelo . ( 2 3) Wa-yebelomu mal ' ak :
Menta ' ekuya gabra?
Wa- 'afadfadu arixa ' enza yebelu: Seqelo, seqelo . (24) Wa- ' emza
re 'ya Pilaos kama ' alba za-yebaqqWe ' za' enbala kama 'adi hakaka za
yekawwen, nas ' a maya, wa-taxaba ' edehu ba-qedmehomu la-ezb ' enza
yebe l :
Neu ' ana ' em-damu la-ze adeq . ' Antemu 'a'meru .
( 2 6 ) Wa
( 2 5) Wa-yebelu kWellu ezb : Damu la ' lena wa- la ' la weludena.
' emze fatha lomu Barbanha , wa-qasafo la-' Iyasus , wa-ma!awomu
yesqelewwo . ( 2 7 ) Wa- ' emze mastarate 'ata J:tarra nas ' ewwo la- ' Iyasus
' em-mekw ennan, wa- ' astagabe' u maxbaromu. ( 2 8 ) Wa- ' albasewwo kalameda
za- layy . (29) Wa-dafaru ' aklila za-sok, wa- ' astaqa alewwo \esta
re' su, wa-xel lata westa yamanu . Wa- ' astabraku qedmehu, wa-yessalaqu
la 'lehu, wa-yebelewwo : Baa, negusa ' Ayhud . ( 30) Wa-yewarrequ
la 'lehu, wa-yekWarre 'ewwo ba-xellat re' so . ( 3 1 ) Wa-tasal iqomu
la ' lehu, salabewwo we ' eta kalameda , wa- ' albasewwo ' albasihu, waa guard, so 1 di er .
2 8 . kaZameda za- Zayy robe of purple.
2 9 . G fa:r>a (yeqfer) to weave, p lait . Gt ta4afra pass .
4efur woven, p laited . q.efro p laited work . q.efrot vn . weaving , j oin
ing, plaiting . COt ' astaqa??aZa to crown (someone : 0 . 5 . ) with (a . d .
0 . ) . qa??aZa crown, diadem . xel Zat reed, cane . CGt ' astabl'aka to
kneel . berk (pl . ' abrak) knee .
27 .
wasadewwo yesqelewwo . (32) Wa- ' enza yewae ' u, rakabu be'se Qarenaw,
za-semu Sem'on , wa- ' abba!ewwo. ,y eur masqalo . (33) Wa-baomu beera
za-semu Golgol ta, za-ba-tergWeu qaranyu, ( 34 ) " wa.-wahabewwo yestay
wayna wa-J:tamota 'demmura, wa-e ' imo ' abaya s ateya . ( 3,5.) Wa-' emze" .
saqalewwo , "!a-'t akafalu ' albasihu ' enza yet 'aawu. (36) Wa-nabaru
ya' aqqebewwo heyya. (37) Wa- ' anbaru mal 'elta re'su eifomu z a-kona
' enza yebelu: Ze-we ' etu negusomu la- 'Ayhud ' Iyasus . (38) Wa- ' emze
tasaqlu meslehu kel ' etu fayyat , ' al}adu ba-yam'an wa:'" aadu ba-agam.
(39) Wa- ' ella yaxal lefu yearrefu la 'lehu ' enza yaamesu re ' somu,
(40) wa-yebelu :
Za-yenasseto la-mekw rab wa-yaJ:tanneo ba-salest " ' elat , ' adxen
re' saka . ' Emma-sa walda 'Egzi ' abJ:ter ' anta, rad ' em-masqaleka .
(41) Wa-kamahu l iqana kahenat-hi yes salaqu mesla aaft wa-l iqanat
' enza yebelu:
(42) Ba ' eda ' adxanl! wa-re ' o" iyekel 'ad3ceno . ' Emma negusa
'Esra'el we' etu; " yerad ; em-masqal , wa-ne'man
botu . (4 3) Za,...
.
..
' . -.
.
ta'amna ba- Egzi ' aber, Iiahu ye'-ze yadxeno ' emma yefilqqedo,
' esma yebel : Walda ' Egzi ' abJ:ter ' ana .
(44) Wa-kamahu faat-ni ' ella tasaqlu meslehu yezanaggWegWewwo .
w
(46)
(45) Wa- ' em-sessu saat lma 'k ellu a-lam- ' esk'a: ' ta5 U sa' at .
Wa-gize sa 'at tasu 'at arxa ' Iyasus ba-qal 'abiy ' enza yebel .
' Elohi , ' Elohi , lama sabaqtani?
Ze-we ' etu behil : ' Amlakeya, ' Amlakeya, la-ment xadaggani? (47) Wa
sami ' omu ' ella yeqawwemu heyya, yebelu : ' E leyas-ha yeewwe ' ze-sa.
(48) Wa-we' eta gi ze roa ' ahadu ' em-xabehomu, wa-nas' a sefnega wa
mal ' o behi ' a , wa- ' asara westa xellat , wa- ' ahzazo . (49) Wa-bo ' ella
yebeIu :
Xedeg ner' ay ' emma yemae" -nu ' Eleyas yadxeno .
(50) Wa-arxa ka ' eba ' Iyasus ba- ' abiy qal , wa-wa' at manfasu . ( 5 1 )
.
# .-
375
374
wa-kel ' et a
Wa-tasa' na mano l a ' t a beta niaqdas ' em- H l ' lu ' eska tatu,
w
( 5 2 ) Wa- t akastu
kon a . Wa- ' adlaqlaqat rnedr, wa-naq ' a kWak .
an , (53) wa-wa1 ' u
la-adeq
omu
abdentih
'
rnaqaberat , wa-t anse ' u be zuxan
e ' u , wa
' em-maqab erihomu, wa-bo ' u hagara qeddesta ' em-dexra tans
w
(54) Wa-mak annena me ' t wa- ' el la mes l ehu
' ast ar ' ayewwomu l a-be zuxan .
zakama yekawwen ,
ya ' aqqebewwo l a- ' Iyasus re ' eyomu we ' et a deleqle qa waze . ( 5 5 ) Wafarhu t. eqqa, wa-yebe lu : ' Aman walda ' Eg z i ' aber w e etuw
k e l l o za-kon
hal l awa heyya be zuxat ' anest ' e l l a yere " eya ' em-reuq
(56) Marya
"
:
akahu
a
l
yet
' e l l a talawahu la- ' Iyasus ' ern-Gali la, ' e l la
wa- ' emmornu l a
Magdalawit wa-Marya ' enta Ya ' qob wa- ' emmu la-Yo sef
kale ' ta-ni Marya yer ' aya maqabera . ( 2 ) Wa-nahu kona deleql eq . ' abiy ,
.. . .
,
. w
w
' e sm a ma I ' a ka ' E gZl. abh. er wara d a ' em- samay, wa-qarba, \a- 'ank ark ara
l a- ' ebn , wa-nabara dibeha.
(3) Wa-ra'yu kama za'inabr q , ' wa- lebsu
(5) Wa- ' awse ' a mal ' ak , wa-yebelon' la- ' anes t :
' I -tefreha ' anten-sa, ' esma ' a' ammer kama ' Iyasusha t axasses3.
za-taqat l a .
Ba' enta zakama s a ' al a segahu la- ' Egzi ' ena Yosef
emu Yosef, wa
(57) Wa-maseyo ma ' a be ' s i ba ' e l ' em- ' Armatey as za-s
(58) Wa-ora xaba Pi laos , wa- s a ' a l a
we ' etu-hi t adamdo l a- ' Iyasus .
(59) Wa-nasi ' o badno
.
badno l a- ' IY sUS , wa- ' azzaza P i l aos yahabewwo
maqaber addis
westa
aro
Yosef, ganazo ba-sendun neu , (60) wa-qab
w
w
w
abiya diba xoxta
za- ' awqara westa kWak , wa_ ' ank ark ara ' ebna '
( 6 1 ) Wa-hal lawa heyya Marya Magdal awit wa
rnaqabe r, wa-xal afa .
( 6 2 ) Wa-ba- sanit a , ' enta
kal e ' ta-hi Marya yenabbera qedma maqabe r .
isaweyan xaba
ye ' et i ' emdexra ' arb , tagabe ' u liqana kahenat wa-Far
daqiqa Z abdewo s .
68.
'
Chapter XXV I I I
Na'a
' arda ' ihu kama tanse ' a ' em-mewutan , wa-nahu yeqaddemakemu
Gal ila, wa-ba-heyya tere " eyewwo .
Baeken .
( 1 3) Wa
yebel ewwomu :
Bal u :
( 1 4) Wa, ' emkama t as am ' a-ze ba-xaba mal ' aka ' ab , nena
na' arnmeno , wa-kiyakemu -ni ' el l a za' enbala azan . nere s s eyakemu .
( 1 5 ) Wa-nasi ' omu berura , xalafu, wa-gabru bakama maharewwomu .
wa? ' a z e-nagar ' em-xaba ' Ayhud ' eska yom.
Wa
( 1 6 ) Wa-oru Gal i 1 a
' asartu wa- ' adu ' arda' ihu dabra za- ' az zazomu ' Iyasus , ( 1 7 ) wa
re ' yewwo , wa- s agadu lotu, wa-nafaqu .
( 1 9 ) l;Iuru , maharu
kWe l l o ' ahzaba ' enza ta!ammeqewwomu ba-sema ' ab wa-wald wa-
XXV I I I
1.
b e ginning
- t
377
376
- , ....
manfas qeddus .
xe1qata ' a1 am .
'l"6&-tf! . !
m-i!.,.
f.1iC ,
:f I
II :
'?P''''
m)o.C'
l:
i; I
11
'}
II
hllOD I "d..11: ,
f.mClltp , 1I'1"
hOOo'} 1: :
f. r ODtho{. :: 1I0-'}
, hOOo11: 1
hliOD
19 I OD'}'?P''''
Ii!
OD.ftCI1
II
Z1
ft
II
1'I"'I1i'
:!i'1
hOOo.11:
m-A- f.
.. h'?lI..J\lIm.C 1 f.n
f.1'I1:.ibOOo I mf.ti.,
. ..
. . 4--.
If I J\1+000
...
.. ....
II
__
...
\"o
i\,}h'l"
_....
,,- h. i'b&\
V'l
.,. 1 bOD 1111C'I' ;l'ih.,. bt.C I J\I\ -'to "'.'1''''1 ' m;l'OCIJ ,
Ii I h'd-ir>"'" 1 hh
m-ll.,. . 0.+
IX I
000 .
II
h"'l/Jo : f.lI&- U
9""IQtbOOo
lPfjf
lICnbOOo : 0 ....1:
OJf.fllIih? : lIJ\o-b
)11\
hilh 1 f"'Atf! . fI"'If. ' m'l"1:C . fm-IlJo' h1.,. 1 J\th1: ' .... CB;I' 1 h.
u: I
"''''&\tf! ' M" ht+ I hllh , (10 I 'd-h- f.T 'l OC II Hb, t.+th 1 J\,h XII 1
.,. 1 A'I"A I\ 1 +A IfIfT h1.,. , 'hh1111 , mf.uC ' hOD1I I hflllA 1
OD, ' "" 11011. ' 1I.,.f.'I"+ I Jl.+ ....+ &\ I )tf!fI . mllfl
M:
t\'d-U,
II
II
m-
II
'illf. !
mA'I"hoD iff i
.,.Hhch
hODn
11:"1
fI"'I6bOOo , b il1i I
.,..,.11 : 1.1Ith
Hf thf.flh
"
mA'I"t.t
m-A1: , 1I'd-
b, , ;l'Om-h
ill :
378
--
Schneider, R .
Grammaire e thiopienne.
Nouvel l e edition .
Beirut :
Imprimerie Catho1ique , 1 9 3 8 .
D i 1 1mann, Augus t .
1865.
D.
Gui d i , 1 .
Paris : Imprimerie
Cohen, M.
III.
Ber
561 .
C.
Jour
Manchester : Manchester
7 2 ( 1 943) , 4 - 14 .
"Arab i c Loanwords i n Geez , " Journal of Semitic Studies 3
( 1 958) , 146- 1 6 8 .
"Die athiop i s ch e Sprach e , " Handbuch der OrientaUsti k,
vo l . III: Semitistik (Lei den : E . J . Bri l l , 1 954) , pp . 350- 375 .
Littmann , E .
NOldeke , Th .
3rd ed .
" L ehnworter in und aus dem Athiopischen , " Neue Bei trage
The hundreds of pub l i shed Ethiopic texts are s c attered among many
j ournal s , series , and individual book s .
samp ling of some maj or sources .
1.
Boyd , J . 0 . , ed .
U l 1 endorff, E .
Trumpp , E .
....
Mittwoch , Eugen .
'.
Ge <ez-Studien
Littmann , E .
Littmann , E .
Reuther, 1 8 8 6 .
B.
national e , 1 9 5 2 .
Praetorius , F .
verbe et de nom et la
Norgat'e , 1 9 0 7 .
Grebaut , S .
379
Leipzi g : Weigel ,
Ethiopic Grammar.
. .. ..... .
Charles , R . H .
Leiden , 1 9 09 - 1 1 .
Oxford,
1 89 3 .
P l at t , T. P .
Christi aethiopice.
Leip z i g , 1 8 35-94.
London , 1 8 3 0 .
Wange l Qeddus za- ' Egzi' ena wa-Madxenena ' Iyasus Kerestos wa-ma?aef
tihomu la-awareyatu qeddusan .
Leip z i g , 1 8 9 9 .
Reprinted in
381
380
2.
Glossary
This maj or source contains over sixty volumes devoted to Ethiopic texts .
D i l lmann, A. Chres tomathia aethiopica.
Leip z i g , 1 8 6 6 .
Reprinted
Berl in , 1 9 5 0 .
Paris .
Note should also be taken of the many maj or t exts pub lished by A . E .
' aamas
' Orit
W . Budge .
is alphab etically
"
diyaqon
W
The l abiovelars (k ,
t aken as
Thus ,
"
l,
W
qW , and x ) are not distinguished in
E . g.
mal i zed in the texts , the reader should rememb er to check each pos si
b i l ity in locating a word .
In his Grammar and Lexioon A . D i l lmann uses a numerical system
for i dentifying the various conj ugational types of verb s .
tem corresponds to ours as fo l lows :
1
II
CG
CD
CL
III
Gt
Dt
Lt/Glt
IV
CGt
CDt
CLt/CGlt
That sys
382
383
' abda G (ye' badJ to be mad , to rage . CG ' a' bada caus .
' abd ( f .
' abedd; p l . ' abd2in , ' abdat) foo l i s h , stupid, ignorant , imprudent ;
mad, insane; n . foo l . ' ebud idem .
' abat (p l . -at) l imb o r member o f the body; body, self, person .
' ebn (p l . ' eban, ' a' ban) m . f . stone . ' ebna barad hai lstone ( s ) .
' abbasa D to commit a crime or s in (against : ta < ta, la-) . ' ebbus
wicked, criminal .
(pl .
' abbasi
' abbasa
inf . ) ; to spurn ,
disobey, say no to (a . d . o . ) .
in what way?
f . idem.
' .
' akala G (ye' ka l/ye' ke l) to be suffici ent for , .to s.atis fy ( o . s . or
la- ) ; to be approximately. CG ' a'. ka la Gt ta' akta to be sati s
fi ed, have enough . . ' ekut suffi cien t , enough . ma' kala prep
. (w .
glory, thanksgiv in g .
. ... :: .. .
' akko neg . no , not , it. . is not ( s e e . 29 . 3) . .
' akya G (ye' kay) to. b e evi l , bad , wicked . CG ' a' kaya t o make (some
thing : a . d . o . ) bad ; to act badly (toward : la <la/diba) . ' e kuy (f.
' ekit) evi l , bad, wicked . ' ekay Ip.1 .---at) evi l', wickednes s .
' ekit n . idem; ba-' eki t direly, witnout pity .
' a lbo neg . of bo : there is/ are not (see 28 . 2 , 3 , S) .
'alad a coin .
' elf (pI . ' a' lllf) myri ad, ten thousand .
number .
why?
' egale inde f . pron . /adj . a certain (person) , such - and- such (a person) .
' egw2i l (p I . -at) ca l l . and sing . : the young of any animal or fowl ,
including humans ; ' egWa la ' emma-eyaw mankind,
' egr (pI . ' egar , " a' gar) f , m . foot ;' ' egra if.a;ay ray of sunl ight ;
westa/xaba ' egara at the feet of; ba-' egr on foot .
' Egzi' aber God .
' aadu (acc . ' adaJ m. one , a certain (one) ; ' aatti (acc . ' aatta)
man .
' em-
See S l . 1 , 2 .
384
385
' emma-hi . . .
'
emma-
' emm (p l . -at) mother; ' emma-eyaw the mother of the l iving (Eve) .
' emmat (pl . -at) cubit ; forearm .
' amna G (ye'man) to be true ; to believe (a . d . o . or Za- , esp . with
persons ) ; to believe in (ba- ) , have faith in .
a . d . o . ) ; to be confident , sure .
' emun
' amani
' amin
' aman t ruth ; as adj . (read ? ' amman ) true , faithfu l ; ' amana,
s i gn , to s i gna l .
D.
n . soothsaye r .
miracl e .
' amir from/until that day (past or future) ; we' eta/ye' eta ' amira
W
on that day ; k e ZZo ' amira a l l day , every day .
' emantu pron . f . p l . they; ' emuntu idem m . p l . they .
' ammexa D to greet , p ay respect to .
other, to k i s s (in greeting) .
.....
L"":--
' anta pron . you (m. s . ) ; ' anti idem (f. s .') ; ' ahtemu idem (m . p l . ) ;
' anten i dem ( f . pl . ) .
' arwe (pl . ' arawi t) m . f. animal , wild beas t ; ' arwe medr snake , s er
pent .
' araya G (ye' ri) to pick, gather, pluck up/ ut .
?
' aafareda (pl . -t) basket .
-.
' eama conj . ( 1 ) because , since , for; ( 2 ) that , the fact that (+ n .
guest .
S ee 2 8 . 5 .
to : ba-/westa) .
stricted .
Gt ta' asra p as s .
I refuse .
(Gk . assarion) .
' enga part . used esp . in questions to mark an inference from a pre
' atata G (ye' tet) to go away , be removed . CG ' a' tata to remove , take
Gt ta' atata
away.
G or pass . of CG . ' e tut reDt ta' attata
mote , distant .
'*"4'
387
386
commanded by .
' atawa G (ye' tu/ye' taw) to go home; to depart (for home) . CG ' a' tawa
to send home , l e t go home ; to bring home/indoors . ' e"f;wat/' etot n .
return (home) ; return, yi eld (of crops) .
- ..
voc . part .
O!
Oh !
' Egzi' o
0 Lord !
It may also ex
a . d . o . ) hel d .
CG ' a 'baya to
Dt ta 'abbaya to
'ebbuy arrogant ,
'ed (p I . -aw) col I . men , mal e s ; the menfolk (of a given commun i ty) ;
a l so used as the p l . of be' si .
'Zidi adv . sti l l , yet , again, moreovr, s t i l l more . With pron . suff .
'
to s t i l l b e , as In "l enza ;adif7.a zeyya h i l e we- are .s ti l l here ;
'
'adiya J:!eyaw I am s t i l l alive . With fol r. ' ii:e-"wo ;d:" o;;,- a5 in
=
See 43 . l ( e).
<edZi
rob .
ta <aggasi
388
te 'gest temperance, continence, patience ,
patient , perseverin g .
to lerance .
'alam (p l . -at) m . f. world, this world, the s e cular world ; the uni
'alamawi
'amat (pl . camatat) f . m . year; la- la- camu adv . yearly , every
determined .
'emuq deep .
cemaq depth .
cause to set .
Gt ta raqaba p as s . of
CG ' a rqaba to
re rbat n . settin g .
' a 'rafa CG ( 1 ) intrans . : to re's t , ' find rest , come to res't ; "t'o" dle'; (2) trans . : to give rest (to : o . s . ; from : ' emenna) .
me r ra! (pl . -at) a quiet p l ac " resting-p l ace ; one ' s final
'
resting-p lace; a measure of length ; a s't ad e; h apter of.. a, book .
'
'arga G (ye rreg/ye rrag) to !is cend, come/go up , c imb:' f'C G ',ex r:.aga to
<-
me 'rag idem.
'ark (f.
be
re ru! adj .
to
CG ' a 'l'aba
<anbari \hal e .
ta 'aqfa
v i gi l .
<ammadi.
.
penetrate deep l y .
camma4i
me rqal (pl .
death.
year .
389
.. ...
'arabawi idem .
hereti cal .
'am,
hindered ,
imp e ded ;
gua r d - p o s t
to stumb l e ,
knock
against .
w at ch ,
equal ly.
the
s ame
CG
c e rZ'Uy ( fern .
'arraz) (pl .
vestment s .
to hire for wage s .
'asb
wages ,
hire , p ay ,
reward .
1
3 I
390
un
fnml l i
'aoar tu (
ee.
rasarta ) m . t en .
( f . - t) idem .
raser ( f .
be b l ind .
inf. ) ; ba- ce?ub , ' em- < e?ub adv . with diffi cult y .
r ezl a mode of church s inging used during Lent and for funerals and
certain feast-days .
Wi th pron . suff . : 28 . 1 .
:
... ._=: .. .' :;: __ . .. .
ba' enta (w. pron . suff . ; ba' enti' a-) prep . about , concerning; because
of, on account of; for the s ak e o f .
thus , therefore .
ba' enta-ze
Gt taba rada
be rud dif
be rul (f.
weal thy .
ba r ra Z i dem .
'f
badh,d(!
bo
wife .
E xpressing possession : 28 . 2 .
ma Cpant (p l .
r ewU!' b l ind .
orbi t .
D t tacawwara to
rurat b l indne s s .
rasU!' the tenth day (of the month) ; ten days . rasr/ <esr f . ten ;
resra adv . t en times . resra twenty. <aserat a tenth , t i the .
(to do : la-
w l l - known .
riiB6rawi
s . ) ; to be necess ary .
r,
Gt ta rawqa to be
'Qww/
(p l .
/ ' (, III
die .
' abdni )
be rl wealth, riches .
corpse .
I,.
t ,
first .
CG ' abdara to
Gt tabadY'a pass . of
badr
392
393
(pro fess ional ) .
contest , race .
bahham mut e .
behmat mutenes s .
ba/baa (w. or without pron . suff . of the 2nd p ers . ) exc l am . Greet
ings l
G.
Gt
bei' vinegar .
Lt tabaZera p s s .
baZahi lib-
;: :2QaQ ii a
','
be' at fermentation .
baey (p l . -at) pearl .
batit- adj . /adv . alone, s o l e , only; used appo s i tional ly, always with
a pron . suff . , e . g . ' ana baQtiteya I alon e ; rakabkewwo batito I
found him alone ( o r : him only) .
bartu adv .
placed after the first main e l ement of the claus e , esp . i f this i s
an
betewenna
anchori tism.
w
tabak ra Gt to b e the firstborn ; to give birth for the first time .
w
bak r firstborn ; the usual construction of this word is with a
w
pronominal suffi x , as in wa Z da za-bak ra her firstborn son ( l i t .
w
her son which was her firstborn) . bek renna status of firstborn .
bakaya G (yebki) to weep , mourn (ove r : diba , Za < Za , ba' enta) .
tabakaya to weep together , mourn mutually .
tears .
G lt
mabkey mourner
CG ' abreha to i l lu
minat e , cause to b e bright ; to emit light . beruh bright , shining;
,
cheerful , happy . berhan (pl . -at) m. light ( l i t . and fig . ) .
berhanawi ( f . -t) of o r pertainin g to l i ght , esp . in hea.venly or
spiritual sens e .
CG ' abraqa
9..2
394
395
CG
.chre .
Gt tabatka to break (intrans . ) .
ba' at
CGt
See
Vo c . 24)
s e l f ; to be redeemed .
mabezawi idem .
CG ' abzexa t o
dekum
CG
dekam wearines s ,
infirmit y , weakne s s .
kama) .
: . ... . .#.
,"
.,
tadZa
demd soun d ,
noise .
G t tadamma
D t tadammama to
n . miracl e , marve l .
CO ' adammana
damanmin
rather cloudy.
on the contrary .
tadbab roof , top , summit , pinnac l e .
idem.
o
da' emu
. . ..
ence .
....
' adZaq Zaqa Q to shake , quke , tremb le ; also caus . of the same .
Gt
bezawa Q to redeem .
bo' a G (yeba' ) to enter (westa, ba-) . CG ' abe' a to bring/ l e ad/t ake
in ; to introduc e , insert . G l t tabawe' a to intrude , s l ip in unin
c l ear , evident .
bet arrival .
Ot tadammara
demmare
-. '""
396
terrified.
dense .
daqiq (co l I . ) chi l dren; offspring , progeny; Daqiqa > Esra> e Z the I srae lites .
daqqasa D to s l eep .
deqqas s l e ep .
ing .
dexun s a fe , unharmed ;
daxen s afe ,
a:axnal
madxanit m . f .
madxen
derge,a a patch.
dexna idem.
'
back of; ba-dexra idem; > em-dexra from behin d , after (of time) ;
dawe
diba (w . pron . suff . : dibe-) prep . on, upon , onto, again s t ; ba-diba
idem; > em-diba from on , from upon .
Gt tadayna pass .
minis ter to .
Gt .t_alj.aJnda p ass . ; to
:.. Ubmit
damara G
G lt taq.amara
meq.nega < rai l ing, rai l ed enclosur e ; a p lace where one l e ans or re
q.amr m . f . wool .
. .'
dawaya G (yedway) to be s i ck , i l l .
397
c l ines .
> alj:Pe <a CG (in trans . ) to ceas e , stop , be at res t ; (trans . ) to bring
to a s top .
to a
s top .
Gt ta<j.ar <a
CG intrans .
q.er <at ces s ation, res t ; za' enbaZa q.er <at without ceas
eruf
q.erfat bl asphemy.
arafi bI asphemer .
.
- .
398
1arq
fadfada
399
....
400
fata G (yefte Z) t o twis t , spin .
twi s ted .
Gt tafatZa pas s .
fe tZo twi s t ed
work .
fatana G (yeften) to investigat e , explore; to examine , test .
Gt tafatna pass . of G .
tafatata
Dt tafattata pas s .
morsel ; gift .
Gt
maftew it
'-' creat e d .
. ","
fe
Gt
em- ) .
Dt ta
J Uww
" 'asa pas s .
'
Jaww
es (p I . -at) cure ,
fexert fiancee .
Gt
faxari fiance .
CG
qual ity, e s s ential nature; ba-ge za prep . in accord with the view
<
CG
J agbeJ a
to bring/
busines s , activity .
Gt tagadfa p as s .
l o s t , rej ected .
gWaagWada Q to knock (on a door) ,
J ag <aza caus .
return to .
hired worker .
CG
401
gedm Cp l ,
h arm e d ;
vio l ent .
gef' harm,
Gt tagaf<a pas s .
gefu <
..
" ,
"" . '
. ,.,
Jt.t'<
402
403
gafte' a Q to overturn .
Qt tagafte' a pas s .
' aghada CG to make pub l i c , show openly, make manifest ; to act or speak
openly.
Gt tagehda pas s .
open, obvious .
pub l icly.
gehdat opennes s .
G t tagesa
to depar t , withdraw .
ever, always .
ganen (pl . ' aganent) demon , evil spirit ; za-gCinen (pl . ' e Z Za ' aganent)
one possessed by an evil spirit .
G l t taganaya to confe s s
Gt taganza pass .
genzat preparation
gerrema/germa
G t tagassa p as s .
gerrum/
o-
W
g ayya G (yegWyay/yegWyiJ to flee . CG ' agWyaya t o put to flight
.
W
g ayay (iJ fugitive . gWeyya flight ', megWyay refuge, asylum.
gize (pl . -yat) m . f . time : (1) the specific tie of or for an event
;
( 2 ) time in a more general , durative sens e . Frequent i n set
phras es : we' eta/ye' eta' gize at that time ; (ba-J gize ?eba/me set
etc. in the morning/ evening; ba-gizehu at its/the proper t ime
; ba
gizeha immediat ely, s traight\ay; ba-kwe Z Zu gize always . Gize i s
also equivalen t to a conjunct ion before verBal clauses: when ,
whenever , e . g . gize ?ClhJWa 'kani when you summoned me . The s ame i
s
,true of the compounds ba-gize , ' em-gize , and ' eska gize .
gaz ' a G to serve at a feas t . gez' /gaz' feast , banquet . ffI!zzZi'
M _ .,\
make tranqui l .
:>;iqu
erring; sinfu l , wicked . gegay (pI , -at), error, ' Sin , crime
, gui l t .
gesa G (yegisJ to do somethi ng early in the day:: gesain"raJ
dv . t
garif net .
ri fy .
morrow .
hed' at peace ,
tranqui l l i ty.
W
W
W
W
hag Za/hag aZa G (yehg aZ/yehg eZJ to perish , d i e ; to l o s e , suffer a
W
W
loss (of : a . d . o . ) . CG ' ahg aZa to des tro y . Gt tahag Za to pe ri s h,
W
die, be destroyed . heguZ lost, destroyed . hag Z destruction , en
W
W
mahg e Z
mahg aZi destroyer ; dj . destructive .
=
405
404
d i s trict ; Xams ' ahgu:r Pentapol i s .
tamayta xaba
Gt tahawka pass .
hawk
hukat idem.
hosa <na (Heb . ) Save us . Hosanna .
-hi encl . part . even , the very ( s ee 5 1 . 4b) ; added to interrog . pron .
to form indef . pron . (see 29 . 2) .
for one ' s s e l f) .
(i . e .
Dt tahayyaya t o
fulnes s , amne s i a .
heyyci adv . ther e , i n that p l ac e ; ba-heyya idem; ' em-heyya from there,
thence .
ma/ma7;e axe .
egg (pl . 7;egag) m . f . l aw; the Law (s criptural sens e ) ; gabra 7;egga t o
perform/c arry out the law; ba-egg l egal ly , l awful ly. " ,
.
; .<".
agay summe r .
.,'
Q.C!-Zaba G (yeZeb) to mi l k . r;aZib mi l k , j uice .
haZama G to dream.
,....
embrace . 1e<j.nat n . nourishin g, nursing . 7;e (pl . -at) infant
,
instead of.
7;e Zm
7;emmat soot .
eQn i l l ,
7;emam (pl . -at) i l lnes s , pain , disease,
- ;
at mother-in
ot gal l .
abZ (p l . ' abaZ) m . f . rop e , cord.
' abara CG to c l ean , pol i s h . ebr (pl . -at, ebar) color .
variegated .
5' young) .
Gt ta1La(j:na pas s .
ing .
en?,
7;equr vi l e , desp i c
,I
406
407
ba-eqqu s uf-
Gt
haset happ i
nes s , j oy .
Gt
taasaba
gabra asaba
to s ett l e accounts .
G (yehses) to decrease (in quantity) , become inferior
hasasa/hassa
. .
U ity) , b d ficient ;
( n
'
to be subtract e d .
CG
. (p I . ' aa , - t) arro\., .
ratata G (yet et) to inve stig at e , exam
in e , s crut ini z e ; to ques t ion,
inte rrog at e . Gt taatata pas
s . tata inve stig atio n, inte
rr.oga
.
. tion . 'mii tat test imon y; a
witn es s , test ifi e r .
'
ora G (yeor. yelur) to go . ura t
(p l . -at)
n . go ing, manner of go
ing; departur e , j ourney; way
of l i fe , mann ers , cust oms .
areya
(p l . - t) apos t l e . mewar (pl
. -at) the dist ance one may
trav el in
a give n time (e . g . me l;zwiira sa
Zus a thre e-da y ' S j our ey) ; cours e
,
orbit .
Gt tabazba
D t tazzaba = G ;
also : to expec t ; to fear , avo
i d ; to care , be conc erne d . tez
ebt
opin ion , belie f; fear , expec tatio
n.
bezb (p l . ' azab , ezab) peop l e , natio
n ; crow d; NT the Gent il e s .
zana G (yez en/ye zan) to be s ad . CG
' azana to make sad; ofte n
used impe rson al ly : ' azano he
was s addene d . azan sadn ess ,
gri e f .
=
408
k(i < eb ( f . -t) adj . s econd, other; ka < eba adv . again , a s econd t ime ;
further, moreover . mek < ebit n . doub l e , the doub l e amount;
mek < ebi ta adv . twofo l d , doub l y ; me' ta mek<ebita a hundredfold .
kabd the
kebad heavine ss .
trious .
Gt takadna
kednat protection .
tun i c , garment .
kebur ( f .
kadiini protector .
Gt
takehZa ( 1 )
kehZa , esp .
CG
kehnat priesthood.
kaha, kaJ:aka, kaak, kaa (kaJ adv . thither, to that pl ace ; further 'on.
Glt
409
concern ing : ba' enta) .
W w
k ak b rock (s ) , stone (s ) .
ka l' a G (yek.Za' ) to prevent (someone : 0 . 5 . ; from doing
: in'f. ) ; to
withho l d (somet hing : a . d . o . ; from : ' emenna
) . Gt takaZ' a pass . ; to
abstai n (from : ' emenna ) . keZ' at prohib ition,
prevention .
kale' ( f . -t) adj '. other , anothe r , s econd; n . compan
ion . keZ' e m . f .
two . ke Z' etu (acc . kel' e ta) m . two; ke Z' e ti (acc
. keZ' e ta) f . two.
kalb (pl . kaZabat, ' aklebt, ' akZab) dog .
kaZ ZeJ:a D to cry out , shout . kelZa a cry, shout .
ki
ng,
W
k e ZZ_ quantif ier : al l , each , ' every (see 1 0 . 3) . kWe
Z lanta_ (w. pron:
.
suff . ) a l l of, the who l e o f . kWe Z Zo adv . altoget
her, complet ely;
(not) a t al l . kWeZ Zahi/kW e Z Zehi adv . everywh ere
; . wherv er; ba
W
k e Z Zahi idem.
...
411
410
W
w
mak annen (p l . mak anent) j udge , administrator, high
punishment .
o fficial .
'
Gt
karaya
wi l l , tes tamen t .
Kidan Be li t
OT ;
Kidan ijaddis NT .
gabra/sema/
Kidan is
la- prep . to , for (dative) ; for forms with suffixes ', ' see 2 0 . I ; cf.
also 1 0 . 2 .
la'aka G (ye l' ak) t o s end (message/me s s enger : ' a . d . o . ; to : la- , xaba) .
Gt tale' ka to s erve , adminis ter to (a . a . o . ) . le' uk s ent ; n . apo s
t I e , mes s enger . L a' k (p I . -an) s ervant . ma l' ak (pI . malO:' ekt)
angel , mes s enger. maZ' ekt (p l . -at) epi s t l e , l etter; l egate ,
l egation ; ministry , s ervice , offi ce, functi on .
CG ' a Z <ala
CO
"
above .
lebsat v . n .
labbawi idem .
cl everness .
Zare wa- lare adv . thi s way and that , back and forth . mangala lare
wa- Zate idem . ma <dota late on the other s i de , oppos ite .
413
412
W
Zegg at (p l . -at) depth of t h e sea, abyss .
Zahaba G to flame , burn .
Zahb
flame , heat .
Zehqenna i dem .
or age) .
ma <ar honey.
affixed .
distr i ct , country.
Gt
derness .
Ot taLaqqeJ;!a to borrow.
leqqaJ;! a loan .
'
Ot tamaggaba to be . p l aced
in charge of.
medr (pl . -at , ' amdar) f . m . the earth; earth , ' ground , so i l ; land,
malke' a seal
taZakfa pas s .
lamada G (yelmad) t o b e accustomed (to do : inf . ) .
G t taZak' a p ass . ; to be
Glt
ma c Cat
ZaJ;! grief,
mourning .
m . f . wrath.
See S I . 4f .
ma' s/mCi <s (p I . ' wn' est , ' am <est) m. f . skin, hide , l eather.
s i ze/quantity.
Ot tamahhara/tamehhera to be t aught
0. ) .
maJ;!aZa oath ,
treaty.
414
415
C G ' amara
CGt
mercy , pity; gabra meata la-/mes la/la <la to have pity on , show
mercy toward.
Gt tamebwa p as s .
maaz (pl .
temket idem .
of.
to orphan .
barren .
D makkana
CG ' amkana
CG
G l t tamakara to take
subj . ) .
CD ' amakkara
mekkur
examination .
mel' what fi l ls ( e . g.
mel' a ' ed a handful) ; ba-me l' u (or w . other suff . ) in toto , comp l etely.
Gt tamalka
p ass .
la- ) .
meluk occupied , po s -
' Am"a
" - k the Lord .
me lkenna
ba-mangala idem .
part o f .
makka
boastful .
Gt tamatxa pass ,
"
an )
mamlaki
tamakke Dt to boas t .
malakotawi divine .
I
I
\
\
\
1
I
1
I
I
i
daughte r-in - l aw .
; to : o . s . ) .
aggravate ; to
merar (pl .
-at) bittern es s . merrat i dem .
maret dirt , dust . mare tawi adj . dust , of dust .
tamarraya Dt
G l t tamaraya to divin e , practi ce divinat i on ,
s oothsay
ing . mari (p l . mareya n, mareya t , marayt ) heathe
n pries t
=
, sooth
sayer .
CG J ClT'Iseh.a caus .
416
'
.
. - i adJ' . Christian .
masi the AnOl-nte d , the Mess; ah ', masihaw
meskin p auper, poor p erson . meskinat poverty .
also fo I l .
(ac c . of pred . n . or adj . ; o . s . of person perceiv in g ;
al ly :
imperson
used
often
;
by kama and n . c lause ; exx . in V o c . 35)
it s eems (o . s . of p erson ; + kama/za- and n . c l ause) .
CG ' amsaZa
. "
417
ment , s egment .
deliv ere d .
idem.
l ikenes s , form, image; proverb . ' amsaZ (p l . -at)
. messaZe
mesZe-)
,:
.
suff
.
obj
prep . with , in the company of (w .
vio l ent .
f by
S . : to happen to , to
ma?' a G (yem?a' ) to come ; with diba/Za ( la or o .
; to cause to hap
occur to , come upon . CG ' ams. e' a to bring , offer
.
. mem?a' p l ace
g
comin
,
n g about . me?' at arriva l , advent
p en , brl-
of origin .
. Qt tama? Zawa to be, mas Zawa Q to wi lt , withe r . CQ ' ama? Zawa caus
wi lted , wither ed ,
come wither ed; to wrinkl e the face . mes lew
wrink l e d .
tamawata to recei ve
ma?wata Q to give alms , practi c e charit y . Qt
.
alms . me?wat act of charit y , benefa ction
met (pl . ' amtat) husba nd.
victor ious .
carry o f
masapa G (yemsep J to snatch , snatch away , se; z e and
. and reflex .
pass
force . CG ' amsapa to flee, escap e . Gt tamaspa
) rap acious ,
of G . mesut s e i zed, snatche d . masapi (pl . masapp
_
mota G (yemutJ to die . ' CG ' amota/' amata to let die ; to put
to death;
to' have kil l e d . mot m . f . death . mewut/mewet (f . mewett;
pl .
ewutan , mewetan , mutan) dead . mawati mortal . maweta corp s
e ; the
W
dead; ' eg ala maweta orphan (s ) .
may (p I . -at) m . wat e r ; l iqui d .
change .
May 8 .
N
na- introd . part . used to prepose and emphas i ze a pronomi na l e l emen t ;
infl ected : naya as for me , nayo
him , naya . . . her , nay ana . , .
us , nayomu . . . them (m . ) , nayon
them (f . ) .
418
419
manl!af anythin g l ai d out : rug, cove.ring , narjza G (yen"q.ax) to stri k. e , beat.;<;i<ri'eck down , t ramp 1 e .
Gt tana-'
_ ._ . , . __
"'"
. -a
pas s .
f . p I . na <a .
na <awe/
Gt
nabaZbaZ flame .
to dwe l l .
Gt tanad' a pas s .
nada' i one
neddat flame,
G l t tanCidada t o burn
Gt tanadqa pas s .
nedet/nedyat poverty .
foundation .
CG
nadday poo r ,
Gt
ba- ) .
situat i on .
420
421
nagargar a type
mangest
I t cal l s
and emphas izes a prepo sed noun , e . g . nZihu ma' ak ma' a xabeya ,
where it may be omitted in English or rendered by such express ions
as " suddenly, to my surpris e , of all things" or as " I t was/ i s X
who . . . "
"
nena w e .
Gt tanakra p as s .
nakir (f .
W
W
nak ark ar n . rol l -
G trans .
CG
naq C (pl .
manqe r t thigh .
naqha G (yenqah) to wake up , be awak e , be al ert .
aI'iaken , revive .
CG ' anqeha to
neqhat watchfu l -
ness , alertnes s .
d'!bp .
marvelous , wonderful .
W
naqq ar one-eyed, blind .
naqawa G
D naqqawa t o emit its appropri ate sound
( subj t n;ay be
bird or anima l) . neqaw animal sounds .
nasse D to repent (o f : , ' emenna/ba' enta)
. . bt tanasse _ idem . CD
' anasse caus . nessu (z repentant . nassa
i one who"'i s repen tant .
nesse.(za repentance , regre t , penit ence .
..c:nesr (p l . ' anser t) eagl , vul tre .
See 8 . 3 .
no lQwi (p l .
nolot) shepherd .
noma G (yenum) t o s l eep .
newam m .
s l eep .
422
423
to l engthen, make long (er) ; t o rais e high, e levate , exa l t ; ' anexa
about .
nawwax idem .
height .
n. : :. . ;g'
. .
"
CG
beginning, previous l y .
beginning .
-ni enc l . part . even , the very ( s e e S l . 4b) ; added to interro g . pron .
(see 29 . 2) .
Lt tanazaza p as s .
nazazi cons o l e r .
nuzaze
qaa:amit n .
qedma ider,l; ' em-qedma from before , from the pre s ence of; . berore
. ' ':- ',
(of time) , prior t o ; as conj . (with subj . ) before . qedma . adv .
previous l y , beforehand .
'
cons o l ation .
W
Fag emen Eth . month name : Sept . 6 - Sept . 1 0 .
pappas (pl . -at) b i s hop , archbi shop , metrop o l i t an ; Ziqa pappas at
peppesenna the office of pappas : epi s -
. ...
copacy, see .
offices .
Dt taqaddasa pass .
i ce or l iturgy.
in J erus alem.
Gt taqab' a pas s . and reflex.
qabala/
Gt taqabra pas s .
CG
maqbart (p l .
s ing .
CG
qeb,!at despair.
Gt taqada pass .
qadai drawer of
maqdet water-j ar .
G in s ame usage .
Gt taqadma to
love .
qan'
CG
G l t taqane'.a to be j eal
425
424
qattara
0 to seal , lock .
qettur locked ; s ea l ed ..
near , to o ffer.
W
q erban (pl . -at) o ffering , s acri fi c e ; spec . the
taqarani contrary , re
Ot taqassama pas s .
n . patron , protector .
qe G to grow red.
_.
...
-- .... ....
R'
suff . : s e l f .
Gt
crown, diadem.
CGt ' astar' aya to app ear , become visib l e , man i fest (unto : o . s . ) ;
form, aspect .
trans cription .
C G ' aqtaZa
W
W
q a? Z (pl . ' aq ? e Z ) m. f . l eaf, fo l i age .
qetuZ s l ain .
mesZa or acc . ) .
qom m. stature ,
qawami standing , s t ab l e ;
i s hment .
caus .
maqapen
qapin
re' s (pI . ' ar' est) m . f . head; top , summi t ; ' chi e f , l eader; with pron .
...
broken .
qessum w e l l
Gt taqasfa p as s .
taqasma p as s .
" ..
' aqsam) .
s exual intercour s e .
:a
qeHat murder,
re Cya G (yer Cay) to pastur e , tend (herd s , flocks ) ; to graze ( subj ect :
f l o cks ) .
mer <ay a
pastur e .
' arba c ( acc . - a ) f . four; ' arba Ctu (ac e . ' arba C ta) m. fou r .
rab e c
427
426
idem.
marbab net .
CG ' arbe
reba/raba, profit ,
over in s i l ence .
interest , gain .
make tranqui1 .
Gt tarad' a pass .
Glt
rada' i
G l t taradaya idem .
rede intere s t .
raf' a G to s ew .
Gt taraf' a pass .
tai lor .
raja' i
marfaq threshho ld .
Gt taragma pas s .
G l t taragama
margam
Gt tarakba to be
CG ' arkaba
CG
'
ar se to condemn ; to make
. i : d . o . Y "to ( some
do something (subjunctive) .
res' an o ld age .
rat <a G (yerta < ) to be j us t , righteous , truthful , s incere .
' arte <a to make right , correct , s traight , stab l e .
orthodox; haymano t rete <t the orthodox faith .
righteous , truthful , s incere .
CG
retu <' ( f .
rate r ( f . -t) j u s t ,
CG ' arosa to
merwas di s
s in .
or ace . ) .
CG ' arse <a caus . Gt taras <a pas s . ; to fal l into error/
rase < forgetful , ngl igen t , impious . ras i < impious , s inful .
wicked .
temporal ) .
ke
....
fendant .
merjaq a
maY'l11em s i l ent .
ing.
rexew open .
mahleta
428
429
s
(someon e :
0.5.
Dt taseJ J e Za to ask
ba' enta) .
+ 0.5.
personal
and inf. ) .
Gt
tase' na to be impo s s i b l e ( im
se' nat
Gt
Glt
tasa 'ama to k i s s
se 'mat a ki s s .
se 'ra
Gt
s e 'rat destruct i on ,
distribut e .
tesbe' t incarnat i on .
sabe 'ay ( f .
Dt
tasabbe p as s .
sebhat
sebbe1;zat idem .
Gt
overcome b y d i s aster.
sabaki
s ebur broken .
tasabra pass . ; to b e
sebar
s ebrat n . breaking.
Dt
cobb l e r .
tasafya p as s .
'(i":"a . 0 . ) .
tasjQ
sar
ayi sewer, t ai l or ,
CGt
. . . .... -.,
magi c i an , soothsayer .
se1;zut err
sessu ( ac c . idem) f . s i x .
Gt
to.
masje awl .
sult diviners .
Gt
tion .
preacher .
-t)
scific amount .
Glt
tasabka pas s .
tasafra p as s .
sefur measured .
safaya G (yesfi) to s e w .
sebbu1;z
Gt
tion .
sefneg/sefnag sponge .
(pl . o f
idem .
(pl .
se eAan s i on ,
extension; width , expan s e ; s incerity; warp (of a lom) .
seat
extension, width, cap acity . masfe": hammer , mallet ; anvi l .
offi ci a l , j udge;
days .
governor .
sa 'ara G
sessa s i xty .
(yesjQ1;z) trans . : to spread ' out , 'ext'end , exp and ; intrans . idem.
saf/:ia
Gt tasaf1;za idem intrans .
sefuQ spread out , extende d; wide , spa
G
sades ( f .
seds f . six;
CG
J askaba caus .
sekub adj .
431
430
sakama G t o carry on the shoul ders .
Gt tasakma
sekur
celes t ial .
se lbat n . deprivin g ,
tasannana D t
taking away.
wit h .
D sallata
G t tasalta
D t tasallata to be
finished, consummated .
listen
obey"
sam <a G (yesma <) t o hear, hear o f , hear about ; t o heed,
. ; t o summon
caus
<a
asme
'
G
C
.
s
as
p
<a
tasam
Gt
to (acc. or la- ) .
martyrdo m, martyrs .
' asmaka CG to l e an ; to prop up, cause to ' lean .
port .
mesmak idem.
samaneya eighty .
night) .
. 1 6) .
samaya G (yesmi) to name ( for constru ctions s ee Voc
Gt tasamya
's equZ
W
Gt tasaq ra p as s .
W
seq rat ap erture , openin g .
reflex.
Qt tasargawa p as s . and
sargW (pl .
eight .
\vitne s s , martyr .
sanuy ( f . sanit) the s econd day (of week or month) , two days ; sQnit
e Zat) the next day; s anita idem ; ba-sanita on the next day (or
se lan dil l .
strip off.
inebriated , drunk .
s erah (pl .
sarari
Gt tasarqa p as s .
serur.
..:s . ,.
serrat
432
....
CGt
' asgara CG
Gt tasarya p as s .
satay
Gt tasatya pas s .
and p ass .
Dt tasawwara refl e
mesewwc.r hidden
sewut poured .
j
,
Qt/Lt tasesaya p as s :
saZasa thirty.
of measure .
sisit idem .
give power to .
ity; to rul e .
Dt tasaZ lata
power, authority.
' .. _
-at)
-: '
.:
CG
semur
semrat favor,
masmer/masmari
at e .
' asaqa
ness .
sete
satay (i)
sutaf/sutare
+.
mesennay
senn beauty.
sa' n (p I . ' as' en, ' as' an, ' asa' en) sho e , s andal .
se <ra G to grow green, to grow .
tion , gras s .
se <ert (pl .
tion , torment .
Lt tasaqaya pass .
seqay vexa
ordai n .
ordained .
434
sernay/sernay wheat .
sarara L to found , es t ab l i sh .
e s t ab li shed .
serur/surur founded,
Lt tasarara pass .
sarari founder .
sarq (p l . ' asraq) r i s ing (of heavenly bodies ) ; the east ; the new
moon, the calends .
sar? a
v
tasarrawa pas s .
Gt tasua
Gt tasatta pas s .
setut
fragment .
Gt tasaw ca
maswa Ct (p l . -at,
ing .
? e c dew aj : white .
.
?e cdawe whttenes
. .. .. ... s .
.
0 sac c aZa i d e m .
O t ta e c ceZa/
aCq
;q.
sQb' a G .
See b' a.
se pri c e , value .
Gt tasayta pas s .
J a?baba caus .
nes s .
CG
?ebbat narrow
Glt
tion .
a cdawa Q to be white .
governor, prefect .
i n acc . ) .
affl i ction .
oCQ . asaxxata
O . Ot
' :
r e l axed , at rest :;. ;): ease . saxt
torn , rent .
sexut
Ot
serrawe eradicat i on .
t endon .
tasexxeta p as s . of ' O .
CQ ' amasrata to
Qt tamasrata p ass .
found .
435
C O J a?abbea caus .
ma?abbei idem .
?ebuZ dust .
?abxa G to dip .
CG J a?dafa caus .
G lt
Ot
437
436
CG
Gt ta'1afa pass .
?efrat a
b l ow , s l ap .
'legab
s at i ety , abundance .
w w
w
egg (pl . '1eg ag ) s treet , marke t - p l ace .
ma? a Z Zat
?e Zum
f!eZmat m . f .
Gt ta'1efa pas s .
?aafi (pl .
the month Y .
mef!e Uay
? em' thirst .
f!emu'
privat e .
?ama/ama
? enu r ( f .
'len ", f!en rat hardn es s , firmnes s ; strengt h , power, forc e ; '1en ra
samay the firmament o f the sky.
ment .
?eew s er ene .
f!a Z' a G (ye? Za' ) to hate , be host i l e toward (a . d . o . ) .
Gt ta?a Z' a
f!e lmata Y on the X day (using qatuZ form) o f the second hal f of
thirsty .
enmity .
one another .
mawa re la f!e lmat (days of wane) ; note the formul a ' ama X-u Za
Gt
quent .
sha'aed, dark .
darknes s ; the days of the month after the 1 5th are known as
?euf written .
ness .
tq!'he
?aZma/?a Zama G (ye? Zam/ye? Zem) to grow dark , b e ' black ; of eyes : to
?aqot/?a?ot gnat , fl ea .
take care o f .
?adiiy autumn .
'1agaya G to flower .
Dt ta?aZZaZa
enf (pl . ' a?naf, ?enaf) m. edge , margin , hem; shore , bank; end,
l imi t .
extreme , outer .
C G ' a?nea
F'V' ....=-=
...
439
438
for :
?ena
. ., '...
pebab , zena) .
?e' a
?e,a
440
441
ninety .
totan (pl . -at) thong , 1 ace; tota-na aa' n shoelace , s andal -thong .
Taxsas E th . month name : Dec . 1 0 Jan . 8 .
-
. : .:",.. -
freshing.
b ap t i z in g ; b ap t i s try ; pool .
;eqemt
peqm wal l ,
wal l .
propert y, wea l th .
i z e , inves tigat e , ex
CD
CG
peqqa ,
ast e ,
tis smoke .
. also
period, era .
in the sense
of " a lready" : e . g .
Gt
tawadya pass .
CGlt
waq.' a G (yeq.a' ) to
go/come
442
forth; to exp e l ; to put forth, produc e .
' em-) ;
partur e ;
a l ien (to :
he is a native of
(yewfer, yUfar)
wafr
mur-ar
the coun-
weza
agreeab l e , p l ea s ant .
trus ting, confiding, dependent .
crease or
to bear .
s ingu l ar .
ba-/diba or o . s . ) . wekkul
tewke lt trus t , faith , confidence .
tawalada to procreat e ; to in
flourish by procreation . CG ' aw lada to beget ; to cause
wald (p l . we lud) son , chi l d , boy , l ad ; p l . also used as
walatt
(p l .
p as s .
G lt
' awaled)
daughter, gir l .
we lud
( 1 ) p l . of
wange l
waqqara
(yerad)
CG
' awqarqt to
.
dig"
excavate .
.-
"
:..
redat
I77l4rad
descent .
m . f . gospe l .
warq
m . gol d , money .
waraqa
(yewreq)
to sp i t .
meriiq
spitt l e , s aliva :
warasi
s omeone an hei r .
Gt
to inherit (j ointly
heritance .
ssabmaiage .
addition .
was sana
Dt
tawas sana
wassan
p as s .
boundary, l imi t .
wal lata
wasada
tawakkala
G
G
s l op e .
source .
wafara
waqara
warada
443
tawlat
Dt
tawaUapa
we l late change ,
pas s .
weUu,p
alteration ,
in, into , t o ;
ba-westa
Glt
idem;
tawase' a
(xaba/la <la/la-) .
or
watra
adv .
D to shout .
to be few , smal l .
s cantiness .
wexta/waxapa
(yaxatJ
to swa l l ow .
cry.
smal l , scanty .
wexdat
p auc i t y ,
444
445
Gt
xe rfub washed .
xedbcrt
unt o ; ba-xaba idem; ' em-xaba from with, from the presen ce o f ;
maxfad towe r .
CG ' axbara to
I
I
'\
'
info or verbal noun or sUbj . ; before ,., in th,e . p resenCe; o f :' gal!?a ,
,
' emenna) ; to fear, revere (someone :' gal!?a, ' emenria) . Gt taxafra
xefur ashame d .
UJesta; among : ' enta ma' kaZa ; away from, i . e . to l eave : ' em- , ' em
xaba) ; to peri s h .
xeZuf .d?
,
be in agreemen t , accord .
tho s e passing by .
mesZa) .
xabazi baker .
0. 5 .
Gt taxadga pas s .
xedgat
xedrat n . residing,
'," " -
Dec. 9 .
Zt end, comp l e
UJ
UJ
UJ
UJ
x aZ Zaq a !5 to count , numb,e r, reckon . Dt tax aZ Zaq a p ass .
UJ
UJ
UJ
xUJe Z Zuq ( ) counted, numbered, reckoned . x e Zq /xUJaZqUJ (p l .
UJ
UJ
U
UJ
J
x e Zaq ) number, sum. x e Z Zaq e n . numbering , counting . ' albo
UJ
J
xU e lq a N there i s no l imit to N , N i s boundl ess .
xaZ laya D to think , ponder, meditate (about : a . d . o . or ba' enta) ; to
think up , devis e ; to decide (to do : kama + subj . ).; to t ake thought
of, to take care o f , look after ( s omeone :
0.5.
or ba' enta/la- ) .
xe Z Zinna (p l . -t)
xQmesaUJi ( f . - t ) idem .
x2imes ( f .
xems f . five ;
xamsa fifty .
cel l .
xaUifi t ( co l l . )
do .
CG ' axZafa
cro s s in g , p assin g .
xeruy chosen,
446
s e l ected; p l easing, acceptab l e ; an arbiter, mediator;
xeruyan the
xeryat
447
cho i ce , s e l ection .
unt i l now .
states (a . d . o . of person) .
afflicted , vi l e , despi s e d .
poverty, i gnominy .
Glt
Gt
xasasa (p l . -t) wi s h ,
desir e .
Gt
xasawa G to castrat e .
aw0.
mildnes !? , et c .
CG
' axte' a to
to cause to sin .
lackin g .
CG
ye' e ti (acc . ye' eta ) f . s . she ; that , that one (pron .. or adj . ) .
ye' eze (i niJ adv . now . ' em-ye' eze from now on . " eska . ye' eze up
Gt
xaFQye' ) m . f . sin e s ) .
xati' at (p l . xapawe' ,
Gt
taxatma p as s .
CG
xetum
maxtam (tJ a s ea l .
conj . that , the fact that (introducing noun c l ause after verbs o f
speaking , e t c . ) .
tences 29 . I , 2 9 . 3 .
za- i n c l e ft s en
za- in questions 2 9 . 1 .
xo?a s an d .
Dt
CD
' axayyala t o
xeyyul strong , e t c .
xayyiil idem .
Gt
tazabta p ass .
zebut beaten .
Glt
tazabata
zebpat n . beat
zafana G to dance .
zafan n . dancing .
za
ani' ( f . -t) dancer .
mez[a
zafar (p l . ' az
ar) hem or fringe of a garment .
xer ( f . - t)
tazagba pas s .
--
jIo
448
449
room, magazine .
G.
Ot tazakkara
G.
0 zakkara
zekr men
za-zaZf adj .
asis ) .
ze Zgus leprous .
(2) .
mazamme r
zamm
zammawi idem .
Thes e terms
zanma G to rain .
zenam
inep t .
W
W
'lang ag a Q to rldlcul e , hoI d ln s corn .
-
w_ w_
zeng ag e s corn , rl d lCU I e .
-
Gt tazar' a pas s .
_ . ",
Gt tazarwa pass .
__
"'
Gt tazakra p as s .
s eed; progeny.
zar' (p l . J azre' t)
451
450
P erfect
I mperfect
we/tza ( 1 2 )
Subjunctive
yewe/trez ( 3 9 )
bo' a ( 1 5 )
yebawwe' (42)
yaltaz (4 1:,-_
yeba! ( 4 2 )
/tora ( 1 5 )
biiJ (42)
yaer (42)
yeor/ye/tur
to enter
r/ur
to go
we 'ya ( 14 )
ya 'ay ( 4 3)
yewe " i ( 4 3 )
ya' akki ( 4 3 )
wadaya ( 1 4 )
yewaddi (43)
y eday (43)
y e1(aw (43)
Standard Types
a.
Root Type
Imperfect
Imperative
S ound
qataZa ( 1 1)
yeqatteZ ( 3 2 )
yeqte Z ( 33)
qeteZ ( 3 4 )
nabara ( 1 1 )
yenabber ( 3 2 )
yenbar ( 33 )
nebar ( 34 )
gabra ( 1 1 )
yegabber {32)
yegbar ( 33)
gebar ( 3 4 ) .
raywa (14)
y eyu ( 4 3)
J asara ( 1 1 )
yeJ s e r ( 38)
' eser ( 3 8 )
J atawa ( 1 4 )
J arona ( 1 1 )
' eman ( 3 8 )
saJ a Za ( 12 )
yese" eZ (39)
yesJ a Z ( 39)
sa' aZ ( 3 9 )
kelJ.da ( 1 2)
yeke ed ( 39)
yekad ( 3 9 )
kaad ( 3 9 )
mea' (40)
rad ( 4 1 )
I I -Guttural
I I I -Guttural
ma? J a ( 1 3)
yemaeJ (40)
yemsaJ (40)
I -W
warada ( 1 1 )
yewarred ( 4 1 )
yerad ( 4 1 )
wadqa ( 1 1 )
wagara ( 1 1 )
yewaddeq ( 4 1 )
yedaq ( 4 1 )
-
daq ( 4 1,
yewagger ( 4 1 )
yewger/yegar
weger/gar
(41)
I I -W
qoma ( 1 5 )
yeqawwem (42)
ora ( 15)
yeawwer ( 4 2 )
(4 1 )
yequm ( 4 2 )
qum ( 4 2 )
yeor/ye?ur
?or/?ur
(42)
(42)
I I -Y
sema ( 1 5 )
yesayyem ( 4 2 )
yesim ( 4 2 )
sim (42)
I I I -W
fatawa ( 1 4)
yefattu ( 4 3 )
yeftaw ( 4 3 )
fetaw ( 4 3 )
bakaya ( 14)
yebakki ( 43)
yebki ( 4 3)
beki ( 4 3)
satya ( 14)
yesatti ( 4 3)
yestay (43)
setay ( 4 3 )
I I I -Y
b.
Imperative
Meaning
reJ i (43)
to see
su ' (42)
to offer up
Subjunctive
Imperfect
reJ ya ( 14)
saw 'a ( 1 5 )
J axaza ( 1 2 )
( 43)
( 39)
to seize
kehZa ( 1 2 )
yeke Z (39)
yekhaZ (39)
kahaZ ( 39)
to be abl e
behZa (12)
yebe Z (39)
yebaZ (39)
baZ (39)
t o say.
wahaba ( 1 2 )
yehub (41)
yahab ( 4 1 )
hab ( 4 1 )
wadJ a ( 1 3)
yewaq.q.e' (40)
yeq.a' ( 4 1 )
q.a' (41)
to give
to go out
(42)
..
to burn
" ",. '> : . ...to be bad
. to pI ace
q.ag - (43)
: eyc/;,; (43)
to live
J etu/J e taw
to go home
(4 3 )
V erb
':"
( 43)
Perfect
G
Imperfect
Subj unctive
. -.'"..,..
qataZa
yeqattel
yeqte l
yegabber
yegbar
gebar
' aqte l (45)
CG
y1lqdtte l (45)
yaqte l (45)
taqatla ( 2 1 )
CGt
yetqattaZ (44)
y1lstaqatte l
yas taqtel
CG l t
(49)
taqatala (24)
yetqa(t) tal
D
Dt
CDt
J astaqataZa (49)
yastaqa.t (t) e l
qattala ( 1 1)
yeqettel (46)
J aqattaZa ( 2 6 , 2 7) yaqette l (48)
taqattala ( 2 2 )
yetqettal
J astaqattala
( 49)
qete l
(49 )
(44)
(49)
CD
Imperative
gabra
Gt
Glt
P erfect
Meanin g
to flow
(42)
Perfect
I -Guttural
Imp.era tive
qataZa ( l l)
degana ( l l )
yastaqa.te l
J astaqate l (49)
(49)
taqattal (48)
( 48)
( 48)
yastaqe tte l
yo.staqatte l
' astaqattel
(49)
(49)
(49)
qate l ( 4 9 )
degen (49)
452
P erfect
Imperfect
CL
moqel;!a ( 1 3 )
' aqatala ( 2 6 , 27)
Lt
CLt
Sub j unctive
Imperative
, . - .-.
Infinitive
P e rfective
P art icip l e
( L e s son 3 0)
(Les son 3 1 )
qati Uot-J
moqe1;t (49)
' aqate l (49)
Verbal
Adj ective
Agent Noun
qatil.-
qetul ( 3 5 ) ,
qataZi (34)
qatil. ( 1 8 ) ,
qate l ( 1 7)
[' eqtuZ]
CG
' aqtiZ-
Gt
CG l t
[ teqtul]
[' esteqtul ]
Glt
taqat re no ( t-J
' as taqate lo ( t- J
taqCJ:telo (t-J
maqte l, maqtali,
,
aqtal.i (45)
[ taqatal.i ]
mastaq (aJ tel (49)
[ taqatal.i ]
mastaqatel (49)
qatte lo (t-)
qattil.-
qettul (47) ,
qattiZ ( 1 8)
qattal.i,
maqate Z (AD
CO
COt
qateZo (t- )
qati Z-
CL
' aqati Z-
CGt
Ot
mastaqattel
qutul (49)
qatal.i, maqate l
( 49)
aqate Zo (t-)
Lt
Like G l t above .
CLt
Verbal Nouns :
G
CG
CGt
o
Ot
L
SO .
Band 2
AltiithiopiscQ
Grammatik des Ge ' ez
Josef Tropper
'.- '
. ..._....
Herausgeber
Josef Tropper
Reinhard G . Lehmann
..
U garit-Verlag
MUnster 2002
U garit-Verlag
MUnster 2002
-.
258
259
Ubungstexte
1:
1-1 8
,_
'
36.22]).
.
. . 'maro
.
'
.,
,
.
ww
J
'a, wa- "lli ahu-ssa l-tawa"'IrE. 0
.
,
Z; hu mas
17a-ssa twakfwwa, wahabomu sltana, wluda gzl ,aber
kunu la- 'lla 'amnu ba-smu.
, .
.
13 lla 'i:konu 'mnna za-dam, wa- 'i- 'm-faqiida ftwat za-sga,
. ,
wa- ,1- m- s'''''"m"''ata b"""" 'si 'lla 'm- 'gzi 'aber tawaldu.
.
'hu,
14 wa-w 'tu qal sga kona, wa-fJadara la Clena, wa-r:; ,ma bh. atl
wa-mogasa
-ragga
kama sbata 'aadu wad la- 'abihu, za-mlu
wa-sdqa.
samii Ctu ba 'nti 'hu kal w:ybe.
15.yohnns
,
z-w '...'" tu za- 'belakkmu ana ,ba- ntl ahu:
ymp ' 'm-dfJreya zahallo mqdmeya,
, ma w 'tu qadamannz.
.
16 ' ma 'm -tarafa zi 'ahu naSa 'na nl;na kWllna -ragga hyyanta
sagga.
17. " sma 'ont ba-muse taw'bat lana,
ba- iyasus krstos kona.
wa-sagga-ssa wa-sdq
.
,
1 8 la- 'gzi 'abher-ssa 'alba za-r yo gmura,
'alla wald wal;d, za-hallo wsta 1;4na 'abuhu, w ,tu nagaranna.
'
J I
I I
a f
' t
Z
!I
r J
I1i
If f
IE f
ra f
.n; J
.n I
n;
Xg ;
"'Otf.. u- : :PA
Ii I
:1
OJ-'l. 1:
I OJOJ-'l.1: I :PA
: -\11 : 'l.'"1H.h-oth.C I
OJ-'l. 1: : OJ'l. "'IH. h1J Ih.C I m-'l.
1: I :PA I: OJ1f"}1: : 'l."' ",-\ CJIh
I 111 1
h"'lH .h1J th.c : OJ-'l.1: II ti"i\o
: (11: : h) : WH'l. "}III\.,,.,, : hA
(1 I uh
: WJa.."" T : 'l. "'Hh :1 (11:
r ihf.OJ+ : m-'l.1:
I OJ ihf.w + I 1JC
y I "h " : hoo lltYm- 1 . OJ-'l. 1:
:: w1J CY") : Hm- II.,. I A oo+
:y
IICIl : wYcJa,. I W Aoo +t :
Ja,.f.l)Jfl I: OJIlII- : hth,r;. I 1Jhtt I
H
,"t.w I 'l.r 111 , 'l."'II1)l1J th.C
: Hilao. : r-,h "}11 :: wm-'l.1: oo
I
h:
1ll,,..6 : o7 6"' , f.h-1 : 1I'l."} .,.
: 1JCY "} : hOD : tfo". : f.'l. oo"}
: (1
.,: :1 WA ILu- :
Ja,.h ) I 1JC Y) : 'l.CJIh : "'6'" : f.h,} I IIh '}.,. : 1J C
Y'} I: Ht-k'.: : 1Jr. n : '.
<}> : HfIlCII : " ti"It : 1J'l. : Hf.oo
I 0J0
/I'" : 'A r :: (JJ OJ- /l1' : 'It?"
: VAo I w' I\"' : (11: : tI : w,\Ar
:
Ja..f'l. oo c I: OJo/l .,. : ",h Uo I oo1t
h : OJh l\.h V- I h.1' tD)J
li!jJJ II w
A 'l.A : "'wh9' I mUflaoo : rA
il) I t-i\o S!. I 'l.'"1rlh1J
th.C I f.h : A'l.r\ I h"' : fllI(Jl)o II 'l.r\ I Ja,.tI
o I 'l.9n : HS!.9" I OJJa,. 'l. "'l.:J"
S!. : 'low:r o I Hr ;J : CDJa,. 'l.r
""'''' 1. 1' : 1J'l. tt : 1. 1\ : 'l.9"
'l.'"1 H.h 1Jdt.
C : "'w A _ I: wm 'hl: I 7A : ""';J
: tI : OJ1 f.1. I 1\6t\ I wCJa,. :
c.
: :::
260
Ubungstexte
:: hODlIh.
!l J .
II
f. : mfl9".l!'Ct :: tt r I H
nl
1\1'\ : ,M+ : um I l'- 9" :s m1 .l!'"'1
: ,, : h fl : hOD : "}lh t 1
I
Xl i
"'I : "rtl1flf\ : M :: m1t .:t-lI 11 : OJ-il
.,. : OD'l tl-+ : hl\ : h 1U
: m Xf I
I)Ath : h9" ltl\- r Ml-f. :: "ilOD I
tt.l1 h : f."t : OD ,,}"'IP'+ : 1.eA r
milll .lt+ : "'MOD I 'M9" : h"7."} :1
'i
T
,
Ir
"71+
II I
Ii
9.
26 1
Ubungstexe
::
.,.
.,. I hOD : 1111 C'P : :i"iht' :
ht.C : h l\ : Jtfl : ++'P"'I : m;J
-flCv :
I\ti-A-OO- I "li : ID-lB + : 0.+
:: h"7o- : f.ll .&.U
I -nC Y1b i!l1P- : (It{p
1:
1m : a1Jh : hOD :
f,C llf. : r''''JO t)}cgp.. : LP'i"f I mf.lll1ih
J I t\hll- h
00- I "fI"71+ ::
'
m;} carat 5
"
.
ba- 'dnta bdfu "lin ( = Uberschrift)
1 . wa- 'dYO 'aJ;zaba, . carga W;}Sta dabr. wa-nabiro, qarbu fJabehu
.
'arda 'ihu.
,
3
2. wa-kaSata 'atahu wa-maharomu, ;}nza Ydb l.
.
' can nadday
- an ba-mantas, ';}sma . lomu y;} ,;}tz mang;}sta samayat.
3. b dSU
,
";}hu
bdU can ';}lla YdlaJ;dwu y;} 'ze, ,;}sma dmuntu y;}tfiess
.
_
. bdU
. "lin yawwahan, ';}sma ';}muntu y;}WaTTdSdwwa l-m;}dr.
6. bd4u "an ';}lia YdrdfJdbu wa-y;}ammd ,u la- -.sddq, dsma ,dmuntu
y;}aggdbu.
"
7 bdSU can mahardyan, ;}sma dmuntu YdtmaJ;aru.
8. bdU can ndshana
l;}bb, ';}sma 'dmuntu Ydre ';}YdWWO la- ,:gzz. ,b;}J;er.
. .
.
9. bdfu can gabardyana salam, "dsma muntu w;}luda ;}gzz ab ;}h
. er
y;}ssammayu.
10. bdfu can 'dila y;}ssaddadu ba ';}nta ddq, ,dsma lomu y;} ,dti mang;}sta
samiiyat.
1 1 b;}su can 'antdmu soba y;}sadd;}dudmU wa-YdzanaggWdgukdm u wa.
dabbu kWdUO ';jkaya la clekdmu, dnza y;}J;essdwu a ,dntz ,aya,.
.
_
12 a aSs;}hu wa-tahaSayu, ';}sma "asb;}kmu bdZUfJ Wd ;}tu ba-samayat.
, ma kama-zd 'sadad;}wwomu la-nabiyat ';}ila ';}m-q;}dmek;}mu.
13. 'antdmu W;} ,;}tu ew la-m;}dr wa- ';}mma s(s)a sew
. lasha, ba-m;}nt;}
nu y;}tqessam. ,alboke ';}nka la-za-y;}baqq d " za- ,dnbala la-gadit ,at,a
wa-ydkayydo sab '.
,
14. 'antmu Wd 'tu b;}rhanu la- calam. 'i-tdk'l hagar tabab;} 0 ,;}nta
matlta dabr t;}nabbdr.
_
jar 'alla diba
ka,/',
15. wa- 'i-yahatt;}wu matota kama yabrwwa_ taJ;ta
bet.
W;Jsta
;Jila
la-kw;}ilomu
ta wiima wa-tiibaTT;}h
16 kaiihu y;}brah bdrhan;}k;}mu ba-qddma sab ' kama Ydr ,ay ;}gban
k;}mu sanniiya wa-y;}sabbdJ;;}WWO la- 'abubmu za-ba-samayat.
.
"
262
Obungstexte
1....e"'A))DD- : HooM.. ,
'hIl OC I 1a&+ wR.'
.,. II 1... oo }. 11- I }'1I0{!00- I Jr."
I }.l. ?" 'fIIIP' U Jr."'I
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: m.e DlV C : h00 1l I t\I'I11 }. I
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, .eDlVC : W.e 111C :
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1:
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: m &.&
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: oul'1 F+ : "'117f+ I: 1'1"'1 6))00:h
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IX I
rg I
Xli :
g
g;6
I
+l1Vt\ , t\.,.f. + , 1...+++A :
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I "">' 1: I t\ 1Y ou
: }.,.,+ :1 w>' hoo iif 1
II. I ;1-0m->. I Jr. h I
m-1I 1' I IJOtv",6 : m O V f I +Hh Ch I
houp :
A'1-h I Hfdt.f."'h :: 11:'1 : V f I ooll
Jlh : +1:ou : P''''6 I m,h.c : iil1 l
+1: 00 +V. 1 : 1I t\ I >' '1-h I m>' l1
: 1R.Jl h Jr.11>' Jr.h ::
b-1 , mR.O : t\ 6 1:m-h I Ij:m-
>'1H Vt\m-h I 9"11"'0- ""11 +
iIi I
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ho1 1 I moo ba1 1 I t\ "11- :
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IIh I MI : T&."t I 'I' '" I ti"I\'> I
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+119" iX I
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", I lDf.' I
A I Bou m I Ilt l O An- :: >.00
: O.e 1h : A 1+ :
f"'l1 , :J-lI ih+ h ' 9" iiB I
A:> : lDAtIJ461a >.9"I\6A.h :: Ahoo
.e'\.ell h : hOD : .eT
dt1vA , h
uP J
OIA'M
A-IJ hhOlh
263
264
Ubllngstexte
Ubllngstexte
265
_ ,
fi t-
tlh Ch r.%
ovl\},
1-9
md c'riif 1
1 . qiiIa barakat za-henak
za-kama biiraka gdruyiina wa-addqana
,dlla hallawu Ydkunu ba- Cdlata mdndiibe
la- 'asasSdto kWdllu 'dkkuyiin wa-rasi Ciin
2a. wa- 'awsd 'a henak wa-Ydbe
bd " si iiddq za- 'dmgaba 'dgzi 'abd!Jer
,dnza 'a cydntihu kdSUtiit wa-Ydre 'i
ra 'ya qdddusa za-ba-samiiyiil
za- 'ar'ayuni malii 'dkt
wa-sama cku za- 'dmgabehamu kWdlla
wa- 'a 'marku 'ana za- 'dre 'i
266
Ubungstexte
Ubungstexte
m 11 t1 1\ 11 -rQ}-o A : 11.1\ 1\ 1I
.e qo
Jt ?lIJ .( f}1\1JO ::
l;
CP i"
mf,
'f;dt 1: h tD--? C: P. 1 1 mf, 'l- qo fl
OJ.
h qo ODf} l -?t. }-. 1JO I\ Utl I
m T fl m
I
m f f} <l' o OD-
:t m lJ rr OD ?i il
In
:a.
..... __
..,-41. .
5.
wa-yfa"hu kWllu
wa-yiidLaqaZZ<Jqu tguhiin
wa-Y<JnaSs<J 'omu !<Jrhiit wa-ra <iid Ciibiy
.
'<Jska 'nii!a <iiLam
6.
7.
wa-tssat!am mdr
wa-kwllu za-wsta mdr YtfJiiggWaL ( = yathaggWal).
wa-ykaww;;ln !tlJ liicLa kWllu .
wa-Lii cLa iidqan k'"llomu
8.
9.
...
h m- '
Uf lJ t\ 1\ t\, U" OD- : m.e h m- - 'rI' flu
(ID.
1Ih lJO I\ n I m .e Uf, C ,h. m .e
J :'- () t: n.
m.e, Il C U I\-'OD- l1C Y Jt rl\ n I:
t\ 1 ?- Y '} : m .e
. .
4.
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9D
rC
. '
3.
m r Uf f, h f, -'S. 1l lV , f,.
.tl C
267
Ubungstexte
Ubungstexte
268
269
1-7
Gebrauch von /a/ und /a/ nach Gutturalen wird nicht erlautert.
1.
1.
..
"
'.
'
-,
..
'.
.:: "
'.
::
'
..
"
2,
I
I
270
Dbungstexte
Ubungstexte
27 1
...
h lr " 'nao.-F : c}!
'Yl( :" lD 'rllJr.t; ', n 'i b '.
J.
rn LJ.. ,
art
L}t "
( C 1'. 8 7 b )
ar-F '
/1 [, t-'l.'. vn
:
n ch f :
. "ir{]l\ :
O"hoz,-t- '. :q 1 C : ([}....flF ' "-O n crv " 'll"1 Ito-{ulb Q :
'l1 "Ih.', lJ}.'n-F :'- lD'1f1 : O:hb. lOC 'fI, o{J : fi n.
:r L'l1.fl: lJ}t}l-F :'. tOO"'o-t, +ll ' Yl-t, H : JI1b J'.. Lp'
'l1 au 11 tr Jl. !J t ' 'll /;) f 4t " (l :h,p: a1. 1. :
q! l. t :
5,
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c roqu ' 6.. tl1 L " n + ' 1 'PftO , '"/l..n l) :
fl "f,7+ " fln.u!,w, ', '1t " l1UC]b1oz,':,
6,
r"11 'Ul-{1 "L" 6.. {Jll!-j:; , ..n e l.I '1: n{ID ', JWA
( ' "it tit1,'I ', ?J tJ1l fJ y.:;" un -1 'n11=1- 0 11-t,t-H '. '(J
dO ', ". o.'1'fD 4- rUIn.7, of ', "6'{D I)"ll 'i LJ. ' n., 11...0 ', /,...
4,
"
7.
"
( = Astz)
272
Ubungstexte
12-13
Vorbemerkung: Der folgende Text, die letzten Verse des Jubilaenbuchs, wird nur in
ath. Schrift prasentiert (nach J. C. Vanderkam, The Book of lubilees [CSCO 510 /
87], Leuven 1989) . Zur leichteren Lesbarkeit des Textes sind - nach Vorbild der
amharischen Orthographie - Konsonantengeminationen durch zwei Punkte fiber
entsprechenden Schriftzeichen markiert. Die Unterscheidung zwischen _ Vokalis
vorzunehmen.
W'C
Gramti
ma sche Hilfestellungen:
Syntaktische Struktur (Y. 12 bis V. 1 3a)
; k <J/lu sab za- . . . wa-za
-hi .
wa-za-hi . . . wa-za-hi . . . wa-za-hi . . . wa-k
<J/lu sab za- . . . wa-za-hi . . .
wa-za-hi . . . wa-za-hi . . . (V. 13) wa-s
ab ' za-y<Jgabbar kwallo za- 'am-za
ba- 'alata sanbatyamut "Wer auch immer
. . . wer auch immer irgendetwas
von diesen (Dingen) am Sabbat tut, der
soll/muJ3 sterben" (verallgemei
nende Relativsatze mit Apodosis; 65.6 6).
ba-kwallu makin
i "an irgendeinem (anderen) Ort" (5 1.913
).
yae Can < *Y<Jte Can (36. 5 1) tIer reite
t": unregelmaJ3ig (wie Impf. T )
2
gebildetes Impf. Tl zu I cn (44 .631) .
manta-hi (4 1.81) . - wa-za-hi 'agara
"und wer (ein Tier) fangt": Man
beachte den Gebrauch des Perfekts; nach
wa-za-hi steht im Text sonst
Impf. (vgl. 65.6 6). Ein Manuskript biete
t yiisagg<Jr (Impf. Al) statt 'agara.
fab 'a "Kampf' (Akk. ); siehe im Lexikon
unter ab '.
(Y. 13b) yiisanabbatu "sie halten den Sabb
at"; Impf. Al (44. 73).
tallfa "(wie) geschrieben steht ": Perf. Tl
(44.532).
agaga gize wa-gize babba kufole mawii calihu
(56. 6).
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