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Sage Publications, 3rd ed.,2004, P.40.


)191) Martin, G., Christian J. Resick, C., Keating, M., and Dickson, M.,
Ethical leadership across cultures: a comparative analysis of German
and US perspectives, Business Ethics: A European Review Vol. 18,
Number 2, 2009.

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Effective Leadership in Organizations: An Ideographic Investigation Using
Lens Model, The XIMB Journal of Management , Mar 2010, Vol. 7 Issue
1, p17-54.
()202

Jack W. Wiley, The impact of effective leadership on employee


engagement, Employment Relations Today, Volume 37, Issue 2, pages
4752, summer 2010, P 47.
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Wankel and Agata (eds), Stachwicz-Stanusch, Effectively Integrating
Ethical Dimention, Information Age Publishing Inc., Charlotte, North
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146

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147

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262

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% 75.5 % 19
% 5.5 .

148

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181

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115

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347

100

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:

% 52.2 % 33.1 .% 14.7

149

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( )11

25

14

4.0

35-26

164

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45-36

127

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42

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100

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45 %4

150

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24

6.9

233

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4.3

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100

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151

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160

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153

2-12
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:
( )15

3.44

0.96

3.06

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1.14

3.03

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155

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( )16 .

4.04

3.37

3.34

3.41

0.88

0.96

1.52

0.84

3.61

2.99

3.22

3.03

0.83

0.97

0.60

0.84

3.89

3.06

3.16

3.35

1.30

1.11

1.04

0.98

3.74

2.94

3.25

1.1

1.1

1.32

0.99

3.82

3.09

3.24

3.22

0.94

0.92

0.91

0.80

156

:
-1

.
-2

.
-3

.
-4
.
-5
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157

:
( )17

3.38

3.47

3.39

0.97

0.92

0.95

3.22

3.038

2.91

0.97

0.92

1.22

3.21

3.19

2.98

1.24

1.22

1.17

3.15

3.02

2.86

1.11

1.1

1.22

3.24

3.18

3.04

0.90

1.24

158

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:
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:
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.

159

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( )18

3.91

3.45

3.23

0.8

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3.40

3.10

2.89

0.72

0.98

0.9

3.71

3.17

2.98

1.03

1.1

1.21

3.57

3.06

2.76

1.02

1.1

1.15

3.65

3.20

2.97

0.79

0.91

0.91

:
160

-1
.
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-5
.

161

:
( )19
45-36

45

35-26 25

3.5

3.26

3.48

3.5

0.97

0.91

0.96

0.94

3.23

3.24

3.46

3.55

1.04

0.93

0.93

0.88

3.57

3.47

3.94

3.85

1.09

1.06

1.15

1.19

3.24

3.15

3.16

3.36

1.22

1.06

1.12

1.07

3.69

3.51

3.59

3.76

1.02

0.87

0.93

0.93

162

:
-1
45 25
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)45-36 )35-26
25.

163

:
( )20

3.27

3.37

3.62

3.63

1.05

0.95

0.88

1.09

3.03

3.00

3.16

3.26

1.18

0.91

0.95

1.03

3.13

3.12

3.25

3.85

1.29

1.13

1.10

1.19

2.82

2.97

3.14

3.17

1.31

1.10

1.01

1.24

3.06

3.13

3.29

3.32

1.13

0.91

0.88

1.09

164

:
-1

.
-2

.
-3

.
-4

.

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165

:
( )21

3.49

3.17

3.53

2.94

3.42

3.35

3.47

0.95

1.16

0.83

1.07

1.01

0.96

0.96

3.09

2.80

3.11

2.93

3.11

0.48

0.96

0.93

1.02

3.10

3.15
1.22

3.04

3.59

0.94

0.81

0.93

3.23

3.34

3.06

3.30

3.13

1.13

1.09

1.12

1.27

1.17

1.08

3.06

3.13

2.51

2.28

3.14

3.04

3.00

1.15

1.34

1.05

1.36

1.02

1.03

1.13

3.20

3.31

3.14

2.87

3.23

3.10

3.18

0.94

1.00

0.60

1.04

0.94

0.90

0.97

166

:
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.
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.
-3

.
-4

.
-5
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167

:
( )22

5-1

10-6

15-11 15

3.35

3.30

3.54

3.61

0.94

0.90

0.98

1.00

3.01

2.90

3.14

3.21

0.91

1.04

0.86

0.92

3.05

3.00

3.28

3.41

1.05

1.18

1.06

1.18

3.07

2.86

3.11

3.14

1.03

1.12

1.15

1.14

3.13

3.01

3.28

3.36

0.88

0.94

0.91

0.96

168

:
-1
15 )15-11
)5-1 .)10-6
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15 )15-11
)5-1 .)10-6
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15 -11
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15 -11
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)15-11 )5-1 -6
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-3 :
:

169


ANOVA
. :
: :

( :)23

4.734
3 14.201
0.889
341 303.003
344 317.204
3.533
3 10.598
0.876
337 295.327
340 305.925
7.043
3 21.130
1.249
340 424.515
343 445.645
6.173
3 18.519
1.193
332 396.193
335 414.712
5.008
3 15.023
0.834
330 275.143
333 290.166



0.001
5.327

4.031

5.641

5.173

6.006

0.008

0.001

0.002

0.001

170

()24

0.68

0.07
0.025

0.62
0.057
0.08

0.58

0.36
0.22

0.57
0.008
0.21-

0.80

0.07
0.09

0.054
0.025
0.15

0.79

0.049
0.03

0.73
0.06
0.24

0.72

0.057
0.14

0.60
0.12
0.024

:
-1

.
-2

.
-3
.

171

-4
.
-5
.
: :

0.92

0.46

316.28

342

0.92

317.2

344

2.12

1.06

303.81

338

0.9

305.92

340

0.5

0.25

445.15

341

1.31

445.64

343

1.52

0.76

413.2

333

1.24

414.71

335

0.6

0.3

289.57

331

0.87

290.17

333



0.5

1.18

0.19

0.61

0.34

0.61

0.31

0.83

0.54

0.71

172

: :
( :)26

17.54

8.77

299.66

342

0.88

317.2

344

9.17

4.59

296.75

338

0.88

305.92

340

20.06

10.03

425.58

341

1.25

445.64

343

22.76

11.38

391.95

333

1.18

414.71

335

15.88

7.94

274.28

331

0.83

290.17

333



10.01

5.22

8.04

9.67

9.58

*0.000

*0.01

*0.000

*0.000

*0.000

173

( )27

*0.70

*0.50
0.20

*0.51

0.33
0.18

*0.74

*0.58
0.15

*0.81

*0.51
0.29

*0.68

*0.45
0.22

174

:
-1

.
-2
.
-3

.
-4

.
-5

.

175

: :
( :)28

21.15

7.05

296.06

341

0.87

317.2

344

13.59

4.53

292.34

337

0.87

305.92

340

27.95

9.32

417.7

340

1.23

445.64

343

19.51

6.5

395.21

332

1.19

414.71

335

19.48

6.49

270.69

330

0.82

290.17

333

8.12

0.000

0.000

5.22

0.000

7.58

0.000

5.46

0.000

7.92

176

()29

35-25 25
25
35-25
45-36

45
25
35-25
45-36

45
25
35-25
45-36

45
25
35-25
45-36

45
25
35-25
45-36

45

45-36


45
0.55*0.78*0.57-

0.23

0.023
0.21

0.31

0.17
0.14

0.31
*0.62*0.48-

0.60

0.38
0.22

0.27
*0.87*0.65-

0.39

0.18
0.20

0.35*0.74*0.54

0.37

0.18
0.37

0.37
0.19
*0.75-

177

:
-1
)35-25 )45 )35-25
)45-35 )45 -35
.)45
-2
)35-25 )45 )35-25
)45-35 )45 .)45-35
-3
)35-25 )45 )35-25
)45-35 )45 .)45-35
-4
)35-25 )45 )35-25
)45-35 )45 .)45-35
-5
)45-35 )45 . )45-35

178

: :
()30

4.99

1.67

307.21

341

0.9

317.2

344

6.16

2.05

299.77

337

0.89

305.92

340

7.95

2.65

437.69

340

1.29

445.64

343

4.85

1.61

402.86

332

1.21

414.71

335

263

1.08

282.91

330

0.86

290.17

333



1.85

2.31

2.06

1.33

1.26

0.095

0.08

0.11

0.098

0.084

179

: :
()31

2.51

0.42

314.7

338

0.93

317.2

344

3.75

0.62

302.18

334

0.9

305.92

340

1.2

0.2

444.45

337

1.32

445.64

343

5.01

0.84

409.7

329

1.25

414.71

335

0.99

0.17

289.17

327

0.88

290.17

333



0.45

0.69

0.15

0.67

0.19

0.85

0.66

0.99

0.67

0.98

180

: :
()32

6.32

2.11

310.88

341

0.91

317.2

344

5.28

1.76

300.65

337

0.89

305.92

340

.958

2.98

434.7

340

1.28

445.64

343

4.59

1.53

410.13

332

1.24

414.71

335

6.64

2.21

283.53

330

0.86

290.17

333

2.31

0.08

0.12

1.97

4.060

2.33

0.3

1.24

60.05

2.57

181


.
:
( )33

1.6

3.7

11.1

21.7

0.11

0.49

*0.039

00.00

17

2.7

12.5

*0.002

0.62

*0.02

*
%

8.3

8.3

6.4

16

11.5

1.4

0.12

0.12

0.24

0.004

*0.033

0.092

0.54

*
%

1.4

12

17

11

3.9

14

0.58

0.78

*0.024

0.001

*0.049

0.46

*0.08

*
%

7.8

8.2

17

15

1.2

5.3

0.15

0.27

0.13

*0.006

0.8

03

0.002
%

6.4

4.2

6.5

20

14

1.1

12.2

57

0.24

0.44

0.085

0.000

*0.01

0.72

*0.032

0.00

182

:
-1
:
.
-2 :
.
-3
:
.
-4 :
.
-5
: .
% 57

% 57

.

183

3-12

: =
3.19 0.93
- -

3,44
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1990 : 57

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