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Reglare vegetativ
PS
M3 bronhoconstricie i
hipersecreie bronic
2 - bronhodilataie
1 hiposecreie bronhic +
vasoconstricie = crete rezistena
i scade permeabilitate capilarelor
Reglare umoral
ASTM
BPOC
Limitarea fluxului de
aer, de obicei
progresiv, care nu
este reversibil n
totalitate
Manifestri principale:
Dispnee persistent
Tuse cronic, cu sput
BPOC
ASTM
Inflamaia infiltrat de
eozinofile
Rspunde la CS inhalator
Debut copilrie
Inflamaia - neutrofile
Nu rspunde bine la CS
inhalator
Debut peste 60 de ani
Factori: fumatul (80-90%);
expunere profesional la
praf de crbune, siliciu,
poluare crescut
ASTM
BPOC
Fibroz subepitelial
(mb. bazal ngroat);
Hipertrofia i hiperplazia
cel. musculare bronice
Hiperplazia
cel. secretoare de mucus
Emfizem distrugerea
peretelui alveolar i
scderea elasticitii
peretelui
Angiogenez i
vasodilataie
Hipersecreie de mucus
(bronit cronic)
Bronhodilatatoare
Inhibitoare ale degranulrii mastocitelor
Corticosteroizi
Alte medicamente
Mecanism mixt bronhodilatator + antiinflamator
A.ADRENOMIMETICE
B. PARASIMPATOLITICE
C. MUSCULOTROPE
D. ANTILEUCOTRIENE
A. Adrenomimetice
1. Gen. I ( +)
Adrenalina
Efedrina
2. Gen. II (1 + 2)
Izoprenalina
Orciprenalina
3. Gen. III (2 )
Salbutamol
(albuterol)
Terbutalina
Salmeterol
Fenoterol
Formoterol
Pirbuterol
Clenbuterol
Indacaterol
B. Parasimpatolitice
Atropina
Ipratropium BrOxitropium BrTiotropium Br-
C. Musculotrope
Deriv. xantinici:
Teofilina
Aminofilina (teofilin-etilendiamina)
D.Antileucotriene
a) antagoniti ai receptorilor Cys-LT1:
Montelukast
Zafirlukast
Pranlukast
b) inhib. ai 5-lipoxigenazei:
Zileuton
Cromone:
Ketotifen
Acid cromoglicic
Nedocromil
b) cu administrare sistemic
p.o. Prednison
Prednisolon
Metilprednisolon
i.v. Hidrocortizon
hemisuccinat
Mecanism mixt
Bronhodilatator + antiinflamator
Fenspirid
depite
1. Gen. I ( +)
Adrenalina
Efedrina
ADR inhal
broniolit
acut sugari
i copii mici.
2. Gen. II (1 + 2)
Izoprenalina
Orciprenalina
3. Gen. III (2 )
Salbutamol
(albuterol)
Terbutalina
Salmeterol
Fenoterol
Formoterol
Pirbuterol
Clenbuterol
Indacaterol
Clasificarea
catecholamine (orto-difenoli)
rezorcinolamine
(meta-difenoli)
saligenine
(-OH i CH2OH n orto)
Adrenalina
Izoprenalina
Orciprenalina
Terbutalina
Fenoterol
Salbutamol
Salmeterol
Efedrina
Catecholamine (orto-difenoli)
Polare - biodisponibilitatea p.o.
este foarte mic i sufer efect de
prim pasaj hepatic
Metabolizate de MAO i COMT
Adrenalina
(1-3 h)
Izoprenalina
Rezorcinolamine (meta-difenoli)
Adm p.o.
T1/2 i D mai lung
Orciprenalina
Terbutalina
Fenoterol (5-8 ore)
Salbutamol
Salmeterol (12h)
stim. Receptorilor 2:
* AMPc bronhii = bronhodilataie
* AMPc mastocite = elib. HA, PG, LT =
permeabilitatea capilarelor i edemul
mucoasei.
* secreia glandelor submucoase i
transportul ionic prin epiteliul mucoasei
resp. = amelioreaz clearance-ul
mucociliar
Fdin
: blocarea M3 - bronhoconstriciei i a
secreiilor traheo-bronice;
Fter: Astm
D terap. mari:
- inh. neselectiv PDE (3,4,5)- AMPc; (aciune
bronhodil.)
D terap. mici:
- antag. adenozinei
- A2b din mastocite efect util n astm
- A1 efecte adverse : aritmii cardiace, convulsii
- elib. IL-10 efect antiinflamator, imunomodulatoar
i antialergic
Fcin:
Ftox:
-
Efecte secundare
SNC (hiperexcitabilitate, convulsii A1);
Aritmii cardiace (PDE 3, A1);
Cefalee, grea, vrsturi (PDE 4);
Hipersecreie gastric (PDE 4);
Diurez (A1)
Dup Hansel, T.T., Tennant, R.C., Tan, A.J., Higgins, L.A., Neighbour, H., Erin, E.M., Barnes, P.J.Theophylline:
Mechanism of action and use in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs Today 2004, 40(1):
55
Fter:
reduse
Fig. 24.1 Schematic showing the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid and the site of action of various drugs in the
pathway. <ce:source> Reproduced from <ce:cross-ref refid="bib75"> Ref. [75]</ce:cross-ref> , with permission.</ce:source>
Bruce D. Levy , Jeffrey M. Drazen
Chapter 24 - Leukotrienes and Lipoxins
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374001-4.00024-9
Asthma and COPD Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Management, 2009, 283 - 292
Ketotifen:
- antihistaminic H1;
- p.o.; RA sedare
Prim
Efecte
utile n astm:
- combat inflamaia mucoasei;
- scad permeabilitatea vascular;
- scad secreia gl. bronice
- cresc nr. de receptori 2;
- nu au efect direct asupra bronhoconstr.
Fcin:
Efecte
Efecte
Fenspirid
- antagonist H1
- antispastic musculotrop;
- producerea factorilor proinflamatori
RA mai frecvente: somnolent, grea, dureri
epigastrice
Fter: tuse i expectoraie din bronhopneumopatii
80 mg x 2-3 / zi
CristeaAN (sub redacia) -Tratatde Farmacologie, Ed. Medical, Bucureti, 2005 tirajprelungit2006-2015
DobrescuD., NegreS. icolab. -Memomed2016, Ed. Universitar, Bucureti, 2016
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