Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The need for working capital to run the day to day business activities cannot be
overemphasized. We will hardly find a business firm which does not require any
amount of working capital. Indeed firms differ in their requirement of working
capital.
We know that firms aim at maximizing the wealth of shareholders. In this
Endeavor to maximize shareholders wealth, a firm should earn sufficient return
from its operations. Earning a steady amount of profit requires successful sales
activity. Current assets are needed because sales do not convert into cash
instantaneously. There is always an operation cycle involved in the conversion
of sales into cash.
The return on investment is the product of earning as a percentage of sales and
turnover of an asset that produced these sales the two tire approach concentrate
attention on the separable forces contributing to profile. Improvement can be
accomplished either through more effective use of available capital measured by
turnover sequence.
Profitability is thus a determinant by administration of funds a by any other
factors. In fact one of the central tasks of financial management is to control an
accelerate funds availability and generate higher sales per unit of assets. Given
the number of times average investments is turned over it is evident that higher
the velocity, the larger is the return on capital employed and more efficient the
firm is in utilizing its resources.
For most of companies current assets are very important investment after
dominating fixed investment. This indicates significant of working capital.
METHODOLOGY
Preparing the project report include the process of collecting data, analyzing
data and reporting data for absolute results. Research is done to gain some
knowledge so as it may bid in understanding the information gathered on
specific topic. It is a scientific and systematic way of understanding information
on specific and particular subjects. It is a scientific investigation to understand
the cause and effect as well as reasons through investigation. It is an academic
activity and it is to be used in technical sense.
Research Type: Descriptive Research
Descriptive study is fact finding investigation with adequate interpretation. It is
well structured, tends to be rigid and its approach cannot be change every now
and there. It is more specific than an exploratory study as it has focused on
particular aspect of the problem studied.
Sources of Data:
This project report is based on the two types of data, i.e. primary data and
secondary data.
Primary Sources of Information
Secondary Sources of Information
Primary Sources:Primary data are those data which are not collected at the first hand or from the
persons of the company directly for the purpose of the study. I have collected
data from the managers by asking question.
Secondary Sources:Any data, are collected earlier for some other purposes, are called secondary
data. Secondary data means that data, which are already collected in the past
3
period. Secondary data are collected from various sources such as company
annual report of previous years, different different document prepared by
company and from various reference books.
For the study mainly secondary data are used which are collected from annual
reports of the firms, books and websites.
Limitations of the study
The main limitations of the study are as follows:
It was not possible to collect all the information necessary for the deep
study.
In this report, Information written by me is as per my limited
understanding of the concerned subject.
Report is based on the analysis of last 5 year which may not be sufficient
in some cases.
10010,
Ahmedabad,
Gujarat-380025
Phone
91-79-
22203030/222002
06/22208109
Fax
91-79-
22201608/222086
68
Email : investor@ar
6
vind.com
Web : http://www.
arvind.com
List of Departments
-
Finance Department
Marketing Department
Personnel Department
Purchase & Store Department
Financial Structure:
Revenue:-716.694 (USD in Millions)
Market Cap:-38055.1997386 (Rs. in Millions)
Total
Income
Rs.39692.2
Million
(year
ending
Mar 2013)
Products Profile:
Products
Fabric
-
Denim
Shirting
Khakis
Knitwear
Voiles
Garment Exports
- Shirts
- Jeans
7
Flying Machine
Newport
Ruf&Tuf
Excalibur
Ballard
Heredia
Estate,
Mrg,
Mumbai,
Maharashtra-400001
Phone
Fax
91-22-22618071/22657895/66620000
91-22-22614520/5014/5622/22653530
:grievance_redressal_cell@bombaydyeing.com
Web : http://www.bombaydyeing.com
List of Departments
- Finance Department
- Marketing Department
- Personnel Department
- Purchase & Store Department
Financial Structure
Revenue - 452.45 (USD in Millions)
Market Cap - 10863.73574 (Rs. in Millions)
Total
Income -
Rs.
23752.3
Million
(year
ending
Mar 2013)
10
PRODUCT PROFILE
Products
- Fiber rolls
- Polypropylene
- Glass fiber tape
- Twisted coirfiber
- MetalicfibresPulled fiber
11
RATIO ANALYSIS
An inventor is interested in information regarding the exact financial position of
the business, its earning capacity and the present position with regarded to
profitability and future possibility of the company. He has only the published
accounts of the company before him, which would enable him to take any
decision with respect to investing his money. The published accounts are P & L
account, Balance sheet, Directors report and Auditors report and chairmans
speech. The earning capacity and past result could be ascertained from the profit
and loss account. An idea about the financial position can be derived from the
balance sheet. The directors report and chairmans speech would assist him in
foreseeing the future prospects of the company. However, accurate conclusion
cannot be drawn from the mass of figures included in these financial statements.
Hence they are to be analyzed and interpreted with the help of a number of
devices. Let us at this clarify the meaning of important terms useful in our study
of analysis of accounts.
12
Ratios are useful in so far as they give expression to study of the relative
aspect of a problem because ratio is meaningless by itself and carries significant
TYPES OF RATIOS
13
Liquidity Ratio
Leverage Ratio
Turnover Ratio
Profitability Ratio
LIQUIDITY RATIO
Liquidity ratio measure the ability of a firm to meet its short term obligations
and reflect the short term financial strength / solvency of the firm. The ratios
which indicate the liquidity of the firm are as follows:
1 Current ratio
2 Acid test ratio
3 Cash ratio
1. CURRENT RATIO:The current ratio is the ratio of total current assets to current liabilities. The
current ratio is also known as working capital ratio as it is a measure of
working capital available of particular time. The ratio is calculated by dividing
current assets by current liabilities. It is a measure of short term financial
strength of the business and shows whether the business will be able to meet are
current liabilities as and when they mature.
Remember that a liability that will mature within a period of 12 months is a
current liability. They include creditors bills payable, bank, credit, provision for
taxation, dividends, outstanding expenses, etc. similarly, current assets are in
form of case or can be readily converted into cash within a short period of time,
normally not exceeding one year and include cash and bank balance, marketable
14
security, inventory of raw materials, semi finished and finished goods, debtors,
bills receivables, prepaid expenses etc.
Formula
CURRENT RATIO =
CURRENT ASSETS
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Where,
Current assets = Cash and Bank balance + stock + Bills receivable + prepaid
expense +
advances
Current liabilities = Creditors + Bills payable + Bank overdraft + Unclaimed
dividend + Provision for taxation + propose dividend
It is generally believe that 2:1 ratio shows a comfortable working capital
position. The current assets should be twice more than current liabilities.
However, this rule should not be taken as a hard and fast rule, because a ratio,
which is satisfactory for one business may not be satisfactory for other. Reserve
Bank of India has recommended a current ratio of 2:1. However, afterward the
Chore Committee, appointed by the RBI recommended a satisfactory current
ratio of 1.33:1.
Before giving any opinion about the liquidity of the company base on current
ratio, the types of assets and size must be considered. Sometimes the ratio
seems to be high, Because of excessive stock included in current assets. Due
to high proportion of obsolete, slow moving stock, the current may be high
but its capacity to pay current liabilities on maturity will be definitely weak.
Current Ratio:Current Ratio=Current Assets
Current Liabilities
15
Year
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
Current Ratio
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
2.59 : 1
3.13 : 1
1.03 : 1
0.90 : 1
1.00: 1
CURRENT RATIO
4
3
Percentage 2
1
0
2.59
3.03
1.03
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
0.9
2011-12
1
2012-13
2. ACID TEST RATIO:The measure of absolute liquidity may be obtained by comparing only cash and
bank balance as well as readily marketable securities with liquid liabilities. This
16
Quick Assets
Quick Liabilities
Quick Assets = Sundry Debtors + Cash & Bank Balance + Cash Receivables
Quick Liabilities = Creditors + Other Current Liabilities
Year
Quick Assets
Quick Liabilities
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
1.68 : 1
2.25 : 1
0.61: 1
0.54 : 1
0.60 : 1
17
QUICK RATIO
2.5
2
1.5
Percentage
1
0.5
0
1.68
2.25
0.61
0.54
0.6
3. CASH RATIO:The Cash ratio is also known as a liquid ratio. A variant of current ratio is the
liquid or quick ratio, which is design to show the amount of each available to
meet immediate payments. It is obtained by dividing Liquid assets by liquid
liabilities.
Liquid assets are obtained by deducting stock in trade from current assets. Stock
is not treated as liquid asset because it cannot be readily converted into cash as
and when required. The current ratio of business does not reflect the true liquid
position of its current assets consists largely of stock in trade.
The liquid liabilities are obtained by deducting bank overdraft from current
liabilities because bank overdraft is not likely to be called on demand is treated
as short of permanent mode of financing. Hence, it is not treated as quick
liability.
Formula
Cash Ratio = Cash & Bank balance
Current liabilities
18
Year
Cash
&
Bank Current
Cash Ratio
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
Investment
6318.70
4866.20
16568.80
19841.80
22111.90
0.04 : 1
0.09 : 1
0.02 : 1
0.02 : 1
0.07: 1
CASH RATIO
0.1
0.08
0.06
Percentage
0.04
0.02
0
0.09
0.04
0.07
0.02
0.02
4 PROFITABILITY RATIO
GROSS PROFIT RATIO:This ratio is also known as Gross Margin. It is calculated by dividing gross
profit by sales. Thus,
19
Gross Profit
Net Sales
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
7120.9
3608.6
4402.6
7129.8
8585.3
23761.00
23167.50
26832.60
34953.80
38757.60
29.97 %
15.58 %
16.41 %
20.40 %
22.15 %
30
20
Percentage
29.97
15.58
10
0
16.41
20.4
22.15
NET PROFIT RATIO:The profit margin relationship between net profit and sales of a firm. This ratio
is also known as the net margin. The margin is indicative of managements
ability to operate the business with sufficient success.
The ratio is valuable for the purpose of ascertaining the overall profitability of
business and shows the efficiency of operating the business.
Formula
Net Profit Ratio = Net Profit * 100
Net Sales
21
A high net profit margin would ensure adequate return to the owner as well
as enable a firm to withstand adverse economic condition when selling price
is declining; cost of production raising Net Profit Ratio:Net Profit Ratio= Net Profit *100
Net Sales
Year
Net Profit
Net Sales
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
-2.05 %
2.24 %
5.02 %
12.42 %
6.74 %
15
10
Percentage
12.42
5
0
-5
-2.05
2.24
5.02
6.74
and demand for the product is failing. Low net profit margin has the opposites
implications. However, a firm with a low profit margin can earn a high rate of
return on investment if it has a higher inventory turnover.
22
RETURN ON TOTAL ASSET:It is an index of profitability of business and is obtained by the company net
profit with capital employed. The ratio is normally expressed in the percentage.
The term average total assets include fixed assets, investment & net current
assets.
It must be remembered that is in this ratio, net profit is profit before deducting
interest and taxes. The success of enterprise is judge with the help of this ratio.
Formula
Return on total assets =
Net Profit 10
Total assets
Net Profit
Total Assets
Return on Total
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
Assets
-1.26 %
1.37 %
3.16 %
9.10 %
4.76 %
23
10
9.1
5
Percentage
0
-5
1.37
-1.26
3.16
4.76
Operating Profit Ratio indicates the op Return on Total Assets:Return on Total Assets= Net Profit*100
Total Asset
Year
Net Profit
Total Assets
Return on Total
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
Assets
-1.26 %
1.37 %
3.16 %
9.10 %
4.76 %
24
10
9.1
5
Percentage
0
-5
-1.26
1.37
3.16
4.76
erational efficiency of the firm and is a measure of the firm's ability to cover the
total operating expenses. Operating Profit Ratio can be calculated as:
Formula
Operating Profit Ratio = Operating Profit * 100
Net Sales
Operating Profit = Gross Profit (Administration Expenses + Selling Expenses)
25
Year
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
Sales Operating
Profit
Ratio
17.85 %
9.19 %
11.89 %
15.72 %
17.19 %
RATIO
20
15
Percentage 10
17.85
9.19
5
0
11.89
15.72
17.19
5.TURNOVER RATIOS
INVENTORY TURNOVER RATIO
Every firm has to maintain a certain amount of inventory of finished goods so as
to meet the requirements of the business. But the level of inventory should
neither be too high nor too low. Because it is harmful to hold more inventory as
some amount of capital is blocked in it and some cost is involved in it. It will
therefore be advisable to dispose the inventory as soon as possible.
Formula
26
Average Stock
Average Stock = Opening Stock + Closing Stock
2
Inventory turnover ratio measures the speed with which the stock is converted
into sales. Usually a high inventory ratio indicates an efficient management of
inventory because more frequently the stocks are sold; the lesser amount of
money is required to finance the inventory. Where as low inventory turnover
ratio indicates the inefficient management of inventory. A low inventory
turnover implies over investment in inventories, dull business, poor quality of
goods, stock accumulations and slow moving goods and low profits as
compared to total investment.
Inventory Turnover Ratio:Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold
Average Stock
Year
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012 13
Turnover Ratio
2.88
3.86
3.97
3.90
3.76
27
RATIO
4
3
Percentage 2
3.86
3.97
2009-10
2010-11
2.88
3.9
3.76
1
0
2008-09
2011-12
2012-13
Formula
Debtors Turnover Ratio =
Net Sales
Average Debtors
Year
Net
2008 09
2009 10
2010 11
2011 12
2012-13
Ratio
7.76
9.98
5.43
7.21
8.21
RATIO
10
8
6
Percentage
4
2
0
7.76
9.98
5.43
7.21
8.21
29
Mar 2013 Mar 2012 Mar 2011 Mar 2010 Mar 2009
2580.40 2546.30 2544.00 2319.80 2387.80
Warrants
0.00
&Outstandings
Total Reserves
20414.70
Shareholder's Funds
22995.10
Minority Interest
0
Long-Term Borrowings 0
Secured Loans
9445.20
Unsecured Loans
25.80
Deferred Tax Assets /
128.20
Liabilities
Other
Long
Term
0
Liabilities
Long
Term
Trade
0
Payables
Long Term Provisions
119.80
Total
Non-Current
9719.00
Liabilities
Current Liabilities
0
Trade Payables
6644.80
Other Current Liabilities 2453.30
Short Term Borrowings 10155.40
Short Term Provisions
2858.40
Total Current Liabilities22111.90
Total Liabilities
54826.00
ASSETS
0
Non-Current Assets
0
Gross Block
38064.30
Less:
Accumulated
14667.70
Depreciation
Less: Impairment of
0
Assets
Net Block
23396.60
Lease Adjustment A/c
0
34.10
0.00
75.70
213.20
17579.60
20160.00
0
0
7047.70
25.80
15411.10
17955.10
0
0
7828.20
109.60
11804.50
14200.00
0
0
17287.30
1418.50
9404.70
12005.70
0
0
19209.00
1030.40
128.20
128.20
128.20
128.20
495.10
71.80
7696.80
8137.80
18834.00 20367.60
0
5983.20
2462.60
8959.50
2436.50
19841.80
47698.60
0
0
35575.50
0
6040.40
2355.30
8058.90
114.20
16568.80
42661.70
0
0
31510.30
0
3603.10
741.70
0
521.40
4866.20
37900.20
0
0
30024.50
0
3771.30
861.60
0
1685.80
6318.70
38692.00
0
0
30568.00
1791.00
807.80
468.60
815.80
0
3371.10
0
3263.40
0
3002.90
0
1000.60
1891.10
1521.90
21.40
92.30
(Including
-1908.40 557.60
Investments)
Total Current
Excluding
Current21.00
0
7284.20
4055.50
393.70
2776.90
0
6991.60
5636.30
290.90
1429.50
0
4320.00
4241.60
431.40
959.00
0
5814.70
3508.40
268.30
549.00
3423.10
2778.10
5295.60
6211.60
Assets
Current22132.90 17933.40 17126.40 15247.60 16352.00
Investments
Miscellaneous Expenses
not written off
Total Assets
Contingent Liabilities
Total Debt
Book Value
Adjusted Book Value
100.70
54826.00
123043.90
21191.20
78.35
78.35
47698.60
6052.80
17702.70
67.85
67.85
42661.70
5316.00
18121.20
58.64
58.64
37900.20
3294.50
18705.80
57.73
57.73
38692.00
2353.80
20239.40
51.85
51.85
31
32
PBDT
4117.10
Depreciation
1504.90
Profit Before Taxation &
2612.20
Exceptional Items
Exceptional Income /
0
Expenses
Profit Before Tax
2612.20
Provision for Tax
0
PAT
2612.20
Adj to Profit After Tax
0
Profit Balance B/F
7996.70
Appropriations
10608.90
Equity Dividend (%)
16.50
Earnings Per Share (Rs.) 10.12
Book Value (Rs.)
78.35
0
0
0
0
177.50
20.60
17.40
26.90
34953.80 26832.60 23167.50 23761.00
35.70
16061.60
3492.40
3605.10
-879.00
13212.50
2436.90
2689.60
187.80
10163.40
2086.20
2373.10
4386.80
3926.90 3783.00
3663.80
956.80
664.30
916.10
1531.90
678.00
548.60
563.50
1347.00
1138.00
0
30354.40
4599.40
1771.10
6370.50
2702.50
371.60
0
22971.40
3861.20
520.70
4381.90
1872.30
0
0
20073.10
3094.40
696.80
3791.20
2133.20
232.80
0
21109.50
2651.50
988.80
3640.30
2774.10
3668.00
1305.10
2509.60 1658.00
1161.60 1138.00
866.20
1220.50
2362.90
1348.00 520.00
-354.30
2518.00
-115.30
4880.90
538.60
4342.30
-546.90
4501.20
8296.60
10.00
17.05
67.85
1348.00
0
1348.00
0
3144.20
4492.20
0
5.30
58.64
520.00
0
520.00
-4.30
2823.40
3339.10
0
2.21
57.73
-469.60
18.60
-488.20
9.50
4349.20
3870.50
0
-2.31
51.85
-348.60
9537.30
2708.40
2436.90
33