g fJiw

gulh tF khztfSfhd fw ifnaL

mKf
khF jehL Kjyikr mtf Mizgo
btsjh ghfgl khtlf gulh tF
gY khzt khza eyid fU bfhL mtf
fw

juid

ca

nkgLJtjbfd

j,

nj

My,

Gfhoid

fzF,

aa,

nta, ca, jhtua, ya, a, tuyhW,

bghUa, tfa, fzF ga Ma ghlfSfhd
fw ifnaoid g fJiw jah brJsJ.

mu
khztf

dhjh
nj

tiu

Gfhoid

mogil

mfF

neh

cUthfgLs ifnaoid khztfSF eKiw

vLJ

brW,

khztf

njfis

vbfhsjf

J jdif ftfshf cUthFkhW g

f

Jiw

nfLbfhwJ.

midJ

Ma

bgUkfis

12Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; Kjy;jhs;

t.vz;

jiyg;G

tpdhf;fs;

kjpg;ngz;
4x2=8

Wtpdh

1 6

ngUtpdh

7 11 3 12

ngUtpdh

12 - 16 - 3 12

neLtpdh

20 21

3x4=12
3x4=12
1x8=8
4x1=4

ghlybtpdh

22 6
6+4=10

kdg;ghlk;

23 4
2x2=4

gFgjk;

24
3x2=6

,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G

25
2x2=4

Gzh;r;rp

26
1x4=4

10

jpiz> Jiw

27
1x4=4

11

mzp

28

12

nghUj;Jf
chpa tpiliaj;
Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf
Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis
epug;Gf

29 32

4x1=4

33 48

16x1=16
2x2=4

13
14

49 50

nkhj;jk;

100
1

t.
vz;

jiyg;G

Wtpdh

ngUtpdh

ngUtpdh

neLtpdh
kdg;ghlg;
ghly;
gFgjk;>
,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G>
Gzh;r;rptpjp>

5
6

7
8
9

mzp
,yf;fzk;
iz, Jiw
chpa tpiliaj;
Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf

tpdhf;fs;
FWtpdh - 16
jpUf;Fws; - 5
tho;j;J - 3
rpw;wpyf;fpak; - 4
kWkyh;r;rp
- 4
jpUf;Fws; kl;Lk;. - 4
nra;e;ed;wpawpjy;
mwpTilik

kjpg;ngz;fs;
8
8
12
8
4
14

ctik
mzp>vLj;Jf;fhl;L
ctikmzp> nrhw;nghUs;
gpd;tU epiyazp
nghJtpay;;jpiz>
nghUz;n
; khopf;
fhQ;rpj; Jiw

4
4
16

nkhj;jk;

78

12Mk; tFg;G - jkpo; ,uz;lhk;jhs;

t.vz;

jiyg;G

tpdh vz;

kjpg;ngz;fs;

ngUtpdh

1 5

12

ngUtpdh

6 12

12

neLtpdh

11 12

13 14

20

Jizg;ghlk;
,yf;fpa eak;
ghuhl;ly;

15

10

nkhopg;gapw;;rp

16 21

gonkhop
xU kjpg;ngz;
tpdh nkhopj;jpwd;
gapw;rp

22

23 - 32

10

nkhj;jk;

80

t.
vz;

jiyg;G

kjpg;ngz;fs;

ghlk; - 1>2 kl;Lk;

9tpdhf;fs;
ghlk; - 5>7 kl;Lk;
10 tpdhf;fs;
ghlk; - 1>7 kl;Lk;
4 tpdhf;fs;
Jizg;ghlk; - 1>4 kl;Lk; 2
tpdhf;fs;
Jizg;ghlk; - 6>9 kl;Lk; 2
tpdhf;fs;

,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;ly; khjphp - 1

jkpohf;fk; - 20

nkhopg;gapw;rp - Gj;jfj;jpw;Fg;
gpd; cs;sJ kl;Lk;

1
2
3
4

8
8
6
10
10
10

66

nkhj;jk;

jkpo; Kjy; jhs;

1.chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf.
gapw;rpfs; nra;Al;fspd; gpd; mike;Js;sd. mtw;wpypUe;Nj tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
mtw;NwhL y;Fwpg;G> Mrphpah; Fwpg;G Mfpatw;iwAk; gbj;jhy; 16 kjpg;ngz;fisAk;
ngw;wplyhk;.
2. jpiz my;yJ Jiwia tpsf;Ff.
nghJtpay; jpiz> nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj;Jiw
tpsf;fkhf gbj;jhNy 4 kjpg;ngz;fisAk; ngw;wplyhk;.

Mfpatw;iw

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld;

3. ghlg;gFjpfspy; mike;j mzpfspy; jpUf;Fwspy; mike;j 3 mzpfisg; gbj;jhNy 4

kjpg;ngz;fisAk; ngw;wplyhk;.
*mzp ,yf;fzk;, vLj;Jf;fhl;L> mzp mike;j jd;ik
Mfpait tpsf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
4. rpWtpdhf;fspy; fPNo cs;s gFjpfSf;F tiuTj;jpl;lk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; je;Js;sJ.
*njhif y;fs; - 23 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;.
*jpUf;Fws; - 23 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;.
*Njk;ghtzp 14 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;.
*rpw;wpyf;fpak; - 7 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;.
*kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs; - 14 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;.
*topghl;Lg; ghly;fs; - 14 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W tUk;.
,tw;Ws; Njk;ghtzp>rpw;wpyf;fpak;>kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs;>
topg;ghl;Lg;ghly;fs; Ma gFjpfis kl;Lk; gbj;jhNy rpWtpdhf;fspy;
8 kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngw;W tplyhk;.

5. ngUtpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk; gFjpfs; dhjh l tiu mbg;gilapy;

fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Kjy; gFjp:tho;j;J : 4 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;
jpUf;Fws;: 10 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;
njhify;fs;: 12 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;
Njk;ghtzp 6 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;
ghz;bad; ghpR 5 tpdhf;fspy; xd;W vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;
,uz;lhk; gFjp:rpw;wpyf;fpak; 5 tpdhf;fspy; 2 vOjpdhy; 8 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;
kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs; 4 tpdhf;fspy; 2 vOjpdhy; 8 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk; topghl;Lg;
ghly;fs; 6 tpdhf;fspy; 1 vOjpdhy; 4 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;
,U gFjpfspYk; jyh %d;W %d;W tpdhf;fSf;F kl;LNk tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs;> rpw;wpyf;fpag; gFjpfspy; Fiwthd tpdhf;fspy; ,Ue;J 4
tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLtjhy; Mokhff; fw;wpLf.

Nkw;fz;l gFjpfis KOikahfg; gbj;jhNy ntw;wp ngw;Wtplyhk;.

5

6. neLtpdhf;fs; 3 gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J Nfl;fg;gLk;.

1.
2.
3.

jpUf;Fws;
njhlh;epiyr; nra;As;
kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly;fs;

KOikahd kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw tpUk;GNthh; jpUf;Fwspd;

fUJfis ; njspthf vOJf. vspjhfg; gbf;f tpUk;GNthh;
kWkyh;r;rpg; ghly; tpdhf;fisg; gbf;fyhk;.
7. ghly;mbapd; fPo; cs;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpil vOJjy;.
njhifEhy;fs;> njhlh;epiyr; nra;As; gFjpg; ghly; mbfis
ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;lhy; ,g;gFjpapy; 4 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.
8. ,yf;fzg;gFjp:
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; :

;j; re;jp e; MdJ tpfhuk; mikAk; nrhw;fs; .

nganur;rk; / tpidnar;rk; tpFjp mikgit

tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W> Vty; tpidKw;W tpFjp

mikgit.

vspa tpidKw;W tpFjpfs; mikgit

,tw;iw ed;F gbj;jhNy 4 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.

,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G
gz;Gj;njhif
tpidj;njhif
vz;Zk;ik / ck;ikj;njhif
msngil
cUtfk;
nganur;rk; / tpidnar;rk;
,tw;iw ed;F gbj;jhNy 6 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;
Gzh;r;rp tpjp jUf:1.
2.
3.

cly;Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;
G+g;ngah;Kd; ,dnkd;ikAk; Njhd;Wk;;

4.

<WNghjy;

5.
6.

,dkpfy;;
,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w caph;Kd; frjg kpFk;

Mfpa tpjpfs; mikag;ngw;w nrhw;fisg; gphpj;Jg; Gzh;r;rptpjp

vOjpg; goFf. KOikahd kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngw;Wtplyhk;.
6

9. nghUj;Jf:nra;As; gFjpapd; gpd; cs;s nghUj;Jf gapw;rpfis

ed;F gbj;jhy; 4 kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.
10. kdg;ghlg; gFjp
vOj;Jg;gpio

kdg;ghlg;gFjpfis ghtifNahL KOikahfg; gbj;jpLf.

,y;yhky; mbgpwohky; vOjpdhy; KOkjpg;ngz;fs; (10) ngw;wplyhk;.

11. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis Vw;w nrhw;fshy; epug;Gf:jpUf;Fwspd; 40 Fws;fisAk; ed;F gbj;jhy;

kjpg;ngz;fs; 4 ngwyhk;.

KOikahd

njspthd vOj;J tbtk;>gpio ,y;yhky; vOJtJ

Mfpatw;iw tpil mspf;Fk; NghJ filg;gpbj;jhy;
w;Wf;F W kjpg;ngz;fs; ngwyhk;.

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

I.

Jizg;ghlf; fl;Liufspy; KO kjpg;ngz; ngw tpUk;Gfpd;w khzt>

khztpah;fs; ftdpf;f:

13Mk; tpdhtpw;Fj; Jizg;ghlq;fs; 1 Kjy; 5 tiu cs;s fijfisg; gbj;jhy;

10 kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngwyhk;.
fijj;jiyg;G> Mrphpah; ngah;
Kd;Diu
fijf;fU
fij khe;jhpd; ngah;fs;
fijapd; Nghf;if cl;jiyg;Gfs; nfhLj;J vOJjy;
fij czh;j;Jk; ePjp
KbTiu
,tw;iw KOikahfg; gpd;gw;Wf
14Mk; tpdhtpw;F 6 Kjy; 10 tiu cs;s Jizg;ghlg; gFjpapy; xt;nthU
fy;yha;> kz; Mfpa rpWfijfspy; kl;LNk fij khe;jh; gz;Gfs; tpdh cs;sJ.
vdNt mtw;iw Cd;wpg;; gbf;fTk;.
fijj; jiyg;G> Mrphpah; ngah;
Kd;Diu
fijr;RUf;fk;
fijapd; xU fjh khe;jhpd; gz;Gfisr; rpWrpW gj;jpfspy; tpsf;Ff
,it midj;ijAk; gpd;gw;wpdhy; 10 kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngwyhk;.

II.

15Mk; tpdh ,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;ly; gFjpapy; ghujpahh;> ghujpjhrd;> ftpkzp>

ehkf;fy;yhh; ghly;fs; kl;LNk toq;fg;gLk;.

nfhLf;fg;gl;l ghlypd; fUj;Jfis vspa ciueil tbtpy; vOj Ntz;Lk;.

mjidr; RUf;fp ikaf;fUj;jhf vOjNtz;Lk;.
ghlypy;> ctik mzp> nrhw;nghUl;gpd;tU epiyazp> ,ay;G etpw;rp mzp>
cah;T etpw;rp mzp Mfpatw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;W mike;Js;sij vLj;J vOj
Ntz;Lk;.
Kd;Diu> nghUs;eak;> nrhy;eak;> Nkhid> vJif> re;jeak;> Riteak;>
ghly;jiyg;G> KbTiu Mfpait mikj;Jf; fl;Liu vOjTk;.
I, II Mfpa ,uz;L gFjpfis ed;whfg; gbj;jhNy jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhspy;

khzt> khztpah; ntw;wp ngwyhk;.

III. ciueilapd; ghlg; gFjpfSf;Fg; gpd; ,Uf;Fk; nkhopg;gapw;rpfs; kl;Lk; gbj;jhNy
10 kjpg;ngz; fpilf;Fk;.

IV.

V.

thf;fpag; gpio ePf;Ff> re;jpg; gpio ePf;Ff

kuGg; gpio ePf;Ff> gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;Ff

t*cr; nrhw;fis ePf;Ff Kjypa gFjpfis ed;whfg; gbf;fTk;.

ngUtpdh ,uz;L gphpthff; Nfl;fg;gLk;.

(1 Kjy; 4 ghlk; tiu Kjy; gFjp)
1>2>3 Mfpa ghlq;fs; ed;F gbj;jhNy KO kjpg;ngz;fs; (12) ngwyhk;.
(5 Kjy; 8 ghlq;fs; tiu ,uz;lhk; gFjp).
5>6>7 Mfpa ghlq;fspy; cs;s ngUtpdhf;fisg; gbj;jhNy KO kjpg;ngz;fs;
(12) ngwyhk;.
neLtpdhf;fs; ,uz;L gFjpfshff;; Nfl;fg;gLk;.
1 Kjy; 4 tiu Kjy; gFjp
5 Kjy; 8 tiu ,uz;lhk; gFjp
,tw;Ws; xU gFjpapy; cs;s neL tpdhf;fis KOikahfg; gbj;jhNy
neLtpdhtpy; 6 kjpg;ngz;fisg; ngwyhk;

jkpohf;fk;> tho;tpay; epfo;T gFjpfspy; KO kjpg;ngz; ngWtjw;F ,Jtiu

muR tpdhj;jhs;fspy; Nfl;fg;gl;l jkpohf;fk;> tho;tpay; epfo;T Mfpatw;iw kPz;Lk;
kPz;Lk; gbj;Jg; gapw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Nkw;$wpatw;iw

khzt>

khztpah;fs;

kjpg;ngz;fis nty;f.

fUj;jpy;nfhz;L

ed;F

fw;W

80/80

jkpo; Kjy; jhs;

gFjp 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

12.
13.
14.
15.

16.
17.
18.
19.

(xU kjpg;ngz; tpdh - tpilfs;)

cupa tpiliaj; Nju;e;njOJf.

fk;gu; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Gytu;fSs; xUtu;
m) ef;fPuu;
M) xl;lf;$j;ju; ,) ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
xd;Nwnad;dpd; vd;Dk; flTs; tho;j;Jg;ghly; mike;Js;s fhz;lk;
m) mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;
M) Re;ju fhz;lk;; ,) Aj;j fhz;lk;
fk;gu; jhk; ,aw;wpa fhg;gpaj;jpw;F ,l;l ngau;
m) fk;guhkhazk;;
M) ,uhkhtjhuk;; ,) jpUf;if tof;fk;
jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd;
m) rptd;;
M) jpUkhy;; ,) KUfd;
fw;Nwhuhy; GytNuW vd;W rpwg;gpf;fg; ngw;wtu;
m) tuj eQ;irag; gps;is M) fk;gu; ,) Nrf;fpohu;
Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L vd toq;fg; ngWtJ
m) mfehDhW
M) gjpw;Wg;gj;J ,) GwehDhW
GwehDhw;wpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s jpizfs;
m) Ie;J
M) gjpndhd;W ,); gj;J
jkpoupd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfisf; fUT+ykhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; Ehy;
m) mfehDhW
M) Iq;FWEhW ,) GwehDhW
GwehDhw;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfs;
m) 11
M) 65 ,); 75
vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fSs; xd;W
m) FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L
M) Ky;iyg;ghl;L
,) gupghly;
gupghly; vd;Dk; Ehy;
m) mfg;ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ
M) mf> Gwg; nghUs; ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ
,) Gwg;ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ
mfehD}W kzpkpilg; gtsj;jpy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if
m) 100
M)120
,)180
mfehDhw;Wg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw
m) 4 Kjy; 8 mb tiu M)9 Kjy; 12 mb tiu
,) 13 Kjy; 31 mb tiu
ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtd;
m) Mupag;gil fle;j neLQ;nropad; M) xy;iyA+u; je;j G+jg;ghz;bad;
,) gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khwd; tOjp
ew;wpizg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw
m) 4 Kjy; 8 mb tiu M) 9 Kjy; 12 mb tiu
,) 13 Kjy; 31 mb tiu
fgpyiu tha;nkhopf; fgpyu; vdg; Nghw;wpatu;
m) ef;fPuu; M) ngUq;Fd;Whu;f; fpohu; ,) khNwhf;fj;J eg;griyahu;
FWe;;njhiff;Ff; flTs; tho;j;Jg; ghbatu;
m) fgpyu; M) tue;jUthu;
,) ngUe;Njtdhu;
Fwl;gh vd;gJ
m) ehyb ntz;gh M) %tb ntz;gh
,) <ub ntz;gh
mwj;Jg;ghypy; cs;s mjpfhuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
m) 70
M)
38
,)
25
9

20
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.

jpUf;Fwspy; mike;Js;s ,ay;fs;

m) 4
M) 9 ,) 30
nfhz;lhlg;ngWk; jpUts;Stuhz;bd;gb mtu; tho;e;j fhyk;
m) fp.K. 31
M) fp.gp. 31
,) fp.K. 18
<) fp.gp.190
nghUl;ghypd; ,ay;fs;
m) ghapuk;> ,y;ywtpay;> Jwtwtpay;> Copay;
M) murpay;> mq;ftpay;> xopgpay;
,) fstpay;> fw;gpay;
jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czu;j;JtJ
m) gonkhop M) jpUts;Stkhiy
,) ehybahu;
ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhw; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk vdg; ghbatu;
m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) ftpkzp
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs;
m) %d;W
M) MW ,) Kg;gJ
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; cl;gpupT
m) glyk; M) ,ay; ,) fhij
rpyg;gjpfhu ciuahrpupaUs; xUtu;
m) ,sk;G+uzhu; M) mUk;gjTiufhuu; ,) er;rpdhu;ff
; pdpau;
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F toq;Fk; rpwg;Gg; ngau;fspy; xd;W
m) ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lilr; nra;As; M) fz;zfp fhij
,) rpyg;gjpfhuk;
NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; --- Rit NjWk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghuhl;batu;
m) ghujpahu; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is
tup vd;gJ ____ tifaJ
m) re;jg;ghly; M) fypg;ghly; ,) ,irg;ghly;
fk;g ehlfj;jpd; ahg;G tz;zq;fSf;Ff; $wg;gLk; fzf;fL
P
m) 96 M) 108 ,) 100
cj;ju fhz;lj;ijg; ghbatu;
m) xl;lf;$j;ju;
M)
thd;kPfp
,) GfNoe;jp
fk;guhkhazj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
m) MW
M)
VO
,)
xd;gJ
Re;ju fhz;lk; ,uhkhazj;jpy;
m) Kjw;fhz;lk; M) Ie;jhq; fhz;lk; ,) Vohq;fhz;lk;
Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngauhy; ,uhkhazj;jpy; toq;fg;gLtgu;
m) mDkd;
M)
,uhtzd;
,)
,yf;Ftd;
rpwpa jpUtb vd;W miof;fg;gLgtu;
m) fUld; M) mDkd;
,) tPlzd;
jdia vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs;
m) mk;kh
M)
cld;gpwe;jhs;
,)
kfs;
,uhkd; nfhLj;jjhfr; rPijaplk; mDkd; fhl;baJ
m) fizahop
M) mzpkzpfs; ,) fbjk;
rPjhg;gpuhl;b jd;id kPl;Lr;nry;y Ntz;b tpjpj;j fhyk;
m) xU jpq;fs;
M) Xuhz;L
,) xUehs;
tPukhKdptupd; jha;ehL
m) jkpofk;
M)
gpuhd;R
,) ,j;jhyp
nfhd;];lhd; vd;DQ; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs;
m) nfhd;wtd;
M)
mQ;rhjtd;
,) Ntw;Wehl;ltd;
tPukhKdptu; njhFj;j mfuhjp
m) rJufuhjp
M) Ngufuhjp
,)
mUk;gj mfuhjp
jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; Mfpatw;iw tPukhKdptu; nkhopngau;j;Jj;
je;jJ
m) Mq;fpyk;
M)
,yj;jPd;
,)
tlnkhop
10

44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60

61.
62.
63.
64.
65
66.
67.
68.

Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiytu;

m) R+irkhKdptu;
M) ,NaRngUkhd; ,) jhtPjd;
ghujpjhrdhu; ntspapl;l ,jo;
m) Njd;kio
M) Fapy;
,) njd;wy;
Gul;rpf; ftpQu; vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;ltu;
m) ghujpahu;
M) ghujpjhrd;
,) fk;gjhrd;
ghz;bad; gupirf; ifg;gw;w epidj;jtd;
m) tPug;gd;
M)
Ntyd;
,) eupf;fz;zd;
ghujpjhrd; vOjpa Ehy;fSs; xd;W
m) Gjpa tpbay;fs;
M) FwpQ;rpj;jpl;L
,) Njd;kio
rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkpg; gupR ngw;w ghujpjhrdpd; Ehy;
m) gprpuhe;ijahu;
M) ghz;bad; gupR ,) mofpd; rpupg;G
ftpr;rf;futu;j;jp> ftpuhl;rfd; vd;nwy;yhk; Gfog;gLgtu;
m) fk;gu;
M) xl;lf;$j;ju;
,) ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
jpt;tpa ftp vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gLgtu;
m) gps;isg;ngUkhs; ma;aq;fhu; M) xl;lf;$j;ju;
,) FkuFUguu;
jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; fyk;gfk;
m) kJiuf; fyk;gfk;
M) ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;
,) fhrpf; fyk;gfk;
Gyd; -- vd;Dk; ,yf;fpa tif
m) fyk;gfk;
M) gs;S
,) cyh
gjpndl;L cWg;Gfshy; ghlg;gLk; rpw;wpyf;fpak;
m) fyk;gfk;
M) cyh
,) gs;S
gpuge;jk; --- vd;Dk; tlnrhy; czu;j;Jk; nghUs;
m) eifr;RitEhy; M) ed;F fl;lg;gl;lJ
,) mwpTiuEhy;
Kf;$lw;gs;Sf;Fupa ghtif
m) rpe;Jg;gh
M) Mrpupag;gh
,) tQ;rpg;gh
tlnkhopapy; ghujk; ghbatu;
m) thd;kPfp
M) tpahru;
,) fhspjhru;
me;jhjpf;F toq;fg;gLk; NtW ngau;
m) rpNyil
M) nrhw;nwhlu; epiy
,) gpuge;jk;
ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngau;
m) JiuuhR
M) vj;jpuhrd;
,) Rg;Guj;jpdk;
tho;tpdpy; nrk;ikiar; nra;gts; ePNa vd;w ghliyj; jkpo; tho;j;jhf
Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;s muR
m) jkpo;ehL muR M) GJit muR
,) gpnuQ;R muR
ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpYs;s rUf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
m) 5
M) 7
,) 9
ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;Lf;F cioj;jy; vd;W ghbatu;
m) ghujpjhrd;
M) thzpjhrd;
,) ghujpahu;
20Mk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,yf;fpa kWkyu;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;ltu;
m) ghujpahu;
M) ghujpjhrd;
,) fk;gjhrd;
nre;jkpior; nrOe;jkpohff; fhz tpUk;gpatu;
m) ghujpahu;
M) ghujpjhrd;
,) fk;gjhrd;
gpnuQ;Rf; FbauRj;jiytuhy; nrthypau; tpUjpidg; ngw;wtu;
m) ghujpjhrd;
M) thzpjhrd;
,) Kbaurd;
ftpQNuW> ghtyu; kzp Kjypa gl;lq;fisg; ngw;wtu;
m) ftpQu; Rujh
M) thzpjhrd;
,) Kbaurd;
jkpofj;jpd; Ntu;l;]n
; thu;j;
m) thzpjhrd;
M) Kbaurd;
,) ghujpjhrd;;
Rujhtpd; Ehy;fSs; jkpo; tsu;r;rpj;Jiwapd; guprpidg; ngw;w Ehy;
m) Njd;kio
M) JiwKfk;
,) RtUk; Rz;zhk;Gk;
11

69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83
84.

ctikf;ftpQu;
m) ghujp
M) Rujh
,) fz;zjhrd;
fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gu;
m) fk;gu;
M) tPukhKdptu;
,) vr;.V.fpU~;zg;gps;is
;rpd;dr; rPwh vd;w Ehiy vOjpatu;
m) ckWg;Gytu;
M) Fzq;Fb k];jhd; ,) gD mfkJ kiuf;fhau;
Re;juu; Njthuk;
m) Kjyhe;jpUKiw
M) Vohe;jpUKiw ,) gd;dpuz;lhe;jpUKiw
jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpw;F ciu vOjpatu;
m) mbahu;f;F ey;yhu;
M) mUk;gj ciufhuu; ,) ngupa thr;rhd; gps;is
jkpof muR toq;Fk; ghNte;ju; epidTg;guprpid Kjypy; ngw;w ftpQu;
m) thzpjhrd;
M) fz;zjhrd;
,) Rujh
jQ;irj; jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; jkpod;id tpUJ ngw;w ftpQu;
m) mg;Jy; uFkhd; M) Nkhfduq;fd;
,) jhuhghujp
jk;gpuhd; Njhou; vd;W miof;fg;gl;ltu;
m) jpUehTf;furu; M) Re;juu; ,) jpUQhdrk;ge;ju;
,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; vd;w Ehiy vOjpatu;
m) tPukhKdptu;
M) vr;.V.fpU~;zg;gps;is ,) [p.A+.Nghg;
ckWg;Gytiu Mjhpj;j ts;sy;
m) rilag;g ts;sy; M) ts;sy; rPjf;fhjp ,) gD mfkJ kiuf;fhau;
ckWg;Gytupd; kw;nwhU Ehy;
m) KJnkhop khiy
M) Nghw;wpj; jpUmfty; ,) my;yh mUs;Ntl;ly;
fpwpj;jt rkaj;jhupd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vdg; Nghw;wg;ngWk; Ehy;
m) ,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; M) Njk;ghtzp
,) jpUf;fhtY}u;f; fyk;gfk;
rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffs;
(m) 96
(M) 108
(,) 69
tlnkhopapy; ,uhkhazj;ij ,aw;wpath;.
(m) tpahrh; (M) ef;fPuh; (,) thd;kPfp
jpUf;Fwspy; nghUl;ghypd; mjpfhuq;fs;.
(m) 38
(M) 25
(,) 70
kUfp vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs;.
(m) kfs;
(M) kUkfs;
(,) jq;;if
jpiz> Jiwfs; tpsf;fk;
1. nghJtpay; jpizia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

nghJtpay; jpiz :
ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; Kba cs;s jpizfspy; $wg;glhj nra;jpfisAk;>
mtw;wpw;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ.
v.fh. gy;rhd;wPNu> gy;rhd;wPNu vd;Dk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;
tpsf;fk;:
gpwUf;F ey;yJ nra;ahtpl;lhYk;> jPik nra;ahky; ,Ug;gNj rpwe;j tho;f;if
vd;w nghJthd fUj;ij tpsf;Ftjhy; ,g;ghly; nghJtpay; jpizahFk;.

12

2.

nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj;Jiwia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj;Jiw:
KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;w rhd;Nwhu;fSk;> kf;fSf;Fj; Njitahd cWjp
jUk; epiyahd fUj;Jfis vLj;Jf; $WtJ.
v.fh. gy;rhd;wPNu vdj; njhlq;Fk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;
ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;w PuhapDk;
my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;
tpsf;fk;:
gpwUf;F ey;;yJ nra;ahtpl;lhYk;> jPik nra;ahky; ,Ug;gNj rpwe;j
tho;f;if vd;w cWjpahd fUj;ijf; $Wtjhy; ,g;ghly; nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rpj;
JiwahFk;.

mzpfs;
1.

mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk;epyk; Nghyj; jk;ik

,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy . ctik mzp
mzp tpsf;fk;;:
nra;Aspy; ctik>ctNkak>; ctkcUG ntspg;gilaha; epw;Fkhdhy; m/J
ctik mzp MFk; .
ctik mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;
ctk cUG Nghy
ctNkak; - jk;ik ,fo;thiug; nghWg;gth;
nghUj;jk;: Njhz;Lfpd;wtiuAk; jhq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; epyj;ijg;Nghyj; jk;ik
,fo;thiug; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;sy; jiy rpwe;j gz;ghFk;.

2.

,d;ikA spd;ik tpUe;njhuhy; td;ikAs;

td;ik klthh;g; nghiw
vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikmzp
mzp tpsf;fk;;:
ctik xU njhluhfTk;> ctNkak; xU njhluhfTk; mika ,ilapy; Nghy>
Nghd;w cUGfs; kiwe;J tUtJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikmzp MFk;.
ctik - ,d;ikAs; ,d;ik tpUe;J xuhy;
ctNkak; - td;ikAs; td;ik klthh;g; nghiw
,ilapy; Nghy vd;w ctkcUG kiwe;J te;Js;sJ.
nghUj;jk;:
xUtDf;F tWikahdJ jd;dplk; tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrupf;f ,ayhJ NghFk;
epiy(mJ Nghy)typikAs; rpwe;j typik mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; jtWfisg;
nghWj;Jf;nfhs;tNj MFk;.

3.

cjtp tiuj;jd; Wjtp cjtp

nrag;glhh; rhy;gpd; tiuj;J - nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp
mzp tpsf;fk; :
nra;Aspy; ,lk; ngWk; xU nrhy; mNj nghUspy; gyKiw gapd;W tUjy;
nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp vdg;gLk;.
mzp nghUj;jk; : ,g;ghlypy; cjtp vd;Dk; nrhy; ed;ik nra;jy; vd;Dk;
nghUspy; %d;WKiw te;Js;sJ. nra;Ak; cjtp vt;tpj msit cilaJk;
,y;iy. me;j cjtpahdJ cjtp nra;ag;gl;ltupd; jFjpiaNa msthff;
nfhz;lJ. vdNt nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp vd;gJ ,f;FwSf;Fg;
nghUj;jkhapw;W
13

,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;

1.

fk;gH ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlHfisf; $Wf.

ftpr;rf;futHj;jp> fy;tpapy; nghpatd; fk;gd;> fk;gd; tPl;Lf; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghL;k;>
tpUj;jnkd;Dk; xz;ghtpw;F cah; fk;gd; ,it fk;gupd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk;
njhlu;fs; MFk;.

2.

fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fs; ahit?

ruRtjp me;jhjp> rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> rpiy vOgJ> jpUf;if tof;fk;.

3.

ehNlhWk;; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;?

,e;jpa ehL vd;Dila jha;ehL vd;W ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ehs;NjhWk; ghLjy;
Ntz;Lk;.

4.

vl;Lj;njhif Ehy;fs; ahit?

ew;wpiz>FWe;njhif>Iq;FWEhW>mfehDhW>fypj;njhif>gjpw;Wg;gj;J>gupghly;>
GwehD}W.

5.

GwehD}w;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahit?

KbAil %Nte;ju;fs;>rpw;wuru;fs;>mikr;ru;fs;>Nridj; jiytu;fs;> giltPuu;fs;>
filNaO ts;sy;fs;>filr;rq;fg; Gytu;fs;>gyUila tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gfs;;>
mf;fhy kf;fspd; tho;f;ifKiw>ehfupfk;>murpay;>Nghu;j;jpwk;>rKjhag; gz;ghL>
gof;f tof;fq;fs; Kjypatw;iwg; GwehD}w;why; ed;F mwpayhk;.

6.

mfehDhW vj;jid gFjpfshf cs;sJ? mit ahit?

mfehD}W %d;W gFjpfshf cs;sJ. mitahtd>
fspw;wpahid epiu - 120 ghly;fs;
kzpkpilg;gtsk; - 180 ghly;fs;
epj;jpyf;Nfhit 100 ghly;fs;

7.

rpyk;G $Wk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?

murpay; gpioj;Njhu;f;F mwk; $w;whFk;.
ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cau;e;Njhu; Vj;Jtu;.
Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk;.

8.

Njk;ghtzp-nghUs; $Wf.
Njk;gh mzp vdg; gphpj;jhy; thlhj khiy vd;Wk;> Njd; gh mzp vdg;
gphpj;jhy; Njd; Nghd;w ghf;fis mzpahf cilaJ vd;Wk; nghUs;gLk;.

09.

cyh vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?

cyh vd;gjw;Fg; gtdptuy; vd;gJ nghUs;. jiytd; tPjpapy; cyh tu VOtif
gUtg; ngz;fSk; mtd; kPJ fhjy; nfhs;tjhfg; Gide;J ghLtJ cyhthFk;

10.

me;jhjp-tpsf;Ff?
Xt;nthU ghlypy; cs;s ,WjpnaOj;Njh mirNah> rPNuh> mbNah mjw;fLj;J
tUk; ghlyp;d; Kjyha; tUk;gb mikj;Jg;ghLtJ me;jhjp vdg;gLk;.

11.

fyk;gfk; - ngah;f;fhuzk; jUf?

fyk;gfk; fyk; gfk; vdg; gphpf;fyhk;. fyk; - gd;dpuz;L; gfk; - ghjp MW;
Mf 18 cWg;Gfs; mikag; ghlg;gLtjhy; fyk;gfk; vdg;ngah; ngw;wJ.

12.

Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit?

jz;nghUie> rpw;whW> Nfhjz;luhk MW.

14

13.

Jd;gk; vt;thW rpjwpg;NghFk;?

je;ij ngupahh; Nghy mstha;> jFjpf;Nfw;g xt;nthU ehSk; nryT nra;J
tho;e;jhy;> ghwhq;fy; kPJ tpOe;j kioePh; clNd rpjwptpLtJ Nghyj; Jd;gk;
gwe;NjhLk;.
14.

Njthu %th; ahth;?

mg;gh;> rk;ge;jh;> Re;juh;

15.

Re;juh; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; vd miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ?

rptd;> Re;juiuj; jk; Njhouha;f; nfhz;likahy; mth; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; vd
miof;fggl;lhh;.

16.

vr;.V fpU~;zg;gps;is ,aw;wpa NtW Ehy;fs; ahit?

,ul;rzpa kNdhfuk;> ,ul;rzpaf;Fws;> ,ul;rzpa rka
jpUtfty; Mfpad.

eph;zak;> Nghw;wpj;

17.

ghNte;jh; E}y;fSs; ehd;fpd; ngah; jUf.

FLk;g tpsf;F> ,Uz;l tPL> ghz;bad; ghpR>
ehlfk;.

18.

tPukhKdpth; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit>?

nre;jkpo; ,yf;fzk;> nfhLe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk;> rJufuhjp> gukhh;j;j FU fij>
Ntjpah; xOf;fk;> fpj;Njhpak;khs; mk;khid> jpUf;fhtYhh;f; fyk;gfk;.

mofpd; rphpg;G> gprpuhe;ijahh;

ehd;F kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;

1)
1)

P F .?
x G .
G
CO.

2)

,
CO.

3)

. J A.

4)

C Q

J .

QA
.
2)

H I

A?
1)

IN
2) P F P M N
IN.
3) C KM

N IN .
4) N M N IN
15

5)

I
H I A.
3)F ? ?
1) F K
P . 2) CP I
G F C F
A. M.
3) C
?- F A.
M. 4) F F
K
.
4)

J CH F NG ?
I

.
b . b M
M .
MF K .
L L PO b
.
G ()

P
.
5)

, P ?
H b
F. .
H b
.

A.

. F
.

P .

16

6)

PK P ?
P H P
. PM P FI.

P. N C
P .
7)

MFF C, P .
K K L C
F.

M G

L s; Mth;.

8.

9.

10.

11.

,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gl;ld

ahit>?
tpy; - ,e;jpuid ntd;wJ> ngUq;;fliy tw;wr; nra;jJ.
ths; - Nrho ehl;bw;Ff; fhtphp nry;y kiyia ntl;b top mikj;jJ.
thdj;jpy; mire;j efuj;ij mopj;jJ.
KuR Nruid ntd;W ngw;w flg;gkuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. fhtphpf;F
mizfl;l giftiu kz; Rkf;fr; nra;jJ.
nfhb NkUkiyia tyk; te;jJ. ,e;jpuidg; Gypahff; nfhz;lJ.
Fil kf;fisf; fhg;gjw;F mz;l $lj;ij xj;J epd;wJ.
njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.
njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk;
(1)
njd;fiu ehl;by; ntapy; fhAk; - Mdhy; kf;fspd; tapW fhahJ
(2)
japh; kl;LNk fyq;;Fk;. mq;Fs;s kf;fs; kdk; fyq;fhh;.
(3)
ehopifAk; thuKNk khAk;. kf;fs; grpahy; khahh;
(4)
nts;sk; kl;LNk kWfp XLk;. Mdhy; kf;fs; kWfp thlhh;.
(5)
Kw;wpa nre;ney; jiyrhAk;. Mdhy; kf;fs; vjw;fhfTk; jiy Fdpa
khl;lhh;.
(6)
Kdpth; kl;LNk jdpj;J ,Ug;gh;>fztd; kidtpahf tho;gth; jdpj;J
,Uf;f khl;lhh;.
(7)
re;jdk; kl;LNk NjAk; > mq;F cs;s ngz;fs; JhJ ciuj;Jj; Nja;tJ
,y;iy.
ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; $Wtd
ahit?
khiy Neuj;jpy; thdj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; gpiwr; re;jpuidj; jiyapy; R+ba
rptngUkhDk;>gpuk;kDk;>,e;jpuDk;>Ntjk; Kjypa E}y;fisg; Nghw;Wk; Kdpth;fSk;>
Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhbj;Njth;fSk;> jk; cs;sj;jpy; epWj;jp fhiyapYk; khiyapYk;
tzq;Fk; kiyNa ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;fl kiyahFk;.
jiytp Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;j J}J nkhopfs; ahit?
jpUkhiyg; Nghd;W fhpa epwk; cila> NkYk; re;jd kuq;fs; epiwe;j
nghjpif kiyr;rhuypy; jq;;fpAs;s Nkfq;fNs! khiy Neug; gpiwr;re;jpuDk;> ,iu
NjLfpd;w Fapypd; FQ;Rk; vd; capiu thapypl;Lg; Grpf;fpd;wd.
mjdhy; Nkfq;fNs ,r;nra;jpiaf; fapyha kiyapYk;> NkU kiyapYk;>
nghjpif kiyapYk; vOe;jUsp cs;stDk; jlhjifg; gpuhl;bapd; fztUkhfpa
kJiur; nrhf;fehjg; ngUkhdplk; nrd;W nrhy;tPh;fshf.
17

12.

Rtbr; rhiyapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba E}y;fs; ahit?

(1)
gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy; ,Ug;gJ Nghyj; jkpo;nkhopapy; Rtbr;rhiyfs;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(2)
jkpo; nkhop E}y;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(3)
nkhop ngah;gG
;
E}y;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(4)
mKjk; Nghd;w ftpij E}y;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(5)
ey;y fUj;Jila ciueil E}y;fSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(6)
,tw;iwr; Rtbr;rhiyapy; JiwJiwaha;g; gphpj;jLf;fp itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

13. C ?
1)

, I P

. Y, C thor; C
K. 2)
cM M.
3) C c .
4) C H FJ
. 5) F

cM

c .

14.

FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJk; ahit?

FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJ:jpUNtq;;fl kiyapy; cs;s

Ridapy; kPdha;g; gpwf;f Ntz;Lfpwhh;.

Ntz;lhjJ:Fiwahj nry;tj;NjhL tpz;Zyfj;ijAk;> kz;Zyfj;ijAk; MSk; gjtpia

Ntz;lhk; vd;fpwhh;.

neLtpdh
1)

jpUf;Fws;

PP FF
.

P :&
M
, M

, H

M I CP GM

M K.

18

P x
K.

MJ

P F:&
F

MJ

MJ

F M .

P M:&

MO

MO HMO .

, :&
x M M .

x b

M .

F:&
A b
x ,
x A
b
,
Q
M .

P K G:&

FL c N.
FL

NJ.
2)

FF
.

G+kpNghy; jhq;F:
I , A .
A . x
b .

b M

.
nghWikNa typik:

MF
PO

()

nghWj;jtUf;Ff; fpilg;git:
H b x
.

A. H

x F .

19

nghWikahy; ntw;wp:
. F

P .
nghWg;gtNu cah;e;jth;:b

bA

b .
MJ .

F,

C A KM

H .
3)

P FF
.

mwpT vd;gJ:P

, M ,

M.

P.

bNJ

P.

NJ

, O

P P.
mwpthspapd; nray;:K H O K, M .
H JL O
P.

A,

P. MK M,
P.

NJ A

NJ xP P.
mwpTilNahhpd; jdpr;rpwg;G:P H P
PM
N

FI.

P.

N C P .
mwpNt nry;tk;:FF
P

P P

P x

PM

.
20

4)

MF FF
?

kdtypikapd; ,ay;G:L
L

F,

L O .
jpwikiar; nraypy; fhl;L:> x
J

M O .

O b . x

M O .

K .
tpidj;jpl;gk; jUtJ:K K

F. x

G L

P M.
cUtj;ijtp;l
; nraNy rpwe;jJ:A

CP

A. xK
O .
cA,

O,

M M .

nray; ,y;iyah? GfOk; ,y;iy :x L FJ

E M .
L, L H L
F.

21

L,

nra;As; mb tpdh - tpilfs;

1. ahUkpy;iyj; jhNd fs;td;
jhdJ ngha;g;gpd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh?
m. ,jpy; fs;td; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;ltd; ahtd;?
M. ,J ahh; ahhplk; $wpa $w;W?
,. ,f;$w;wike;j nra;Aisg; ghbath; ahh;?
<. ,g;gFjp ve;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ?
tpilfs; :

m. jiytd;
M. jiytp> jd; Njhopaplk;
,. fgpyh;
<. FWe;njhif
2. neLe;Njh; Ch;kjp tyt
Kbe;jd;W mk;k ehk; Kd;dpa tpidNa
m. ,/J ahh; ahhplk; $wpa $w;W?
M. tyt vd;W Fwpf;fg;gLgtd; ahh;?
,. ,r;nra;Aisg; ghba Gyth; ahh;?
<. Kbe;jd;W vd;W ghlypy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ vJ?
tpilfs; : m. jiytd; Njh;g;ghfdplk;
M. Njh;g;ghfd;
,. kJiu ks;sdhh;
<. jiytd; vz;zpte;j nray;

3. ey;yJ nra;jy; Mw;wPh;MapDk;

my;yJ nra;jy; Xk;Gkpd;
m. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ?
M. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;?
,. Mw;wPuhapDk; vJ?
<. Xk;Gkpd; nghUs;$W.
tpilfs; :

m. GwehD}W

M. ehpnt&cj; jiyahh;

,. ey;ytw;iwr; nra;ahtpbDk;

<. jtph;j;JtpLq;fs;

4. jpq;fnshd;wpUg;gd; ,d;Nd ; jpUTsk; jPh;e;jgpd;id

kq;Fntd; capNuhnld;Wd; kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs;
m. ,jidf; $wpath; ahh;?
M. ahhplk; $wpdhh;?
,. ,t;tb ,lk; ngw;w E}ypd; ngah; ahJ?
<. kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs; - vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; ahh;?
tpilfs; :

m. mDkd;
,. fk;guhkhazk;

M. ,uhkdplk;
<. rPij
22

5.flik Ghpe;jhd; ,tNd

m. ,jidf; $wpath; ahh;?
M. ahhplk; $wpdhh;?
,. flik Ghpe;jtd; ahh;?
<. ,t;tb ,lk; ngw;w E}ypd; ngah; ahJ?
tpilfs; : m. Mj;jhf;fpotp
M. md;dj;jplk;
,. Ntyd;
<. ghz;bad; ghpR
kdg;ghlg; gFjp

1.jpUf;Fws; 2 mjpfhuq;fs; - 40 mbfs;

2.gpwghly;fs;
- 46 mbfs;
ghtif mwpe;J> vOj;Jg;gpioapd;wp mbgpwohky; vOJf.
.

nghUj;Jf.
1.

jpiz

m) FwpQ;rp

2.

---

---

ghbNahu;

1) Xuk;Nghfpahu;

M) Ky;iy ---

2) mk;%tdhu;

,) kUjk;

---

3) Xjyhe;ijahu;

<) nea;jy;

-----

4) fgpyu;
5) Ngadhu;

Ehy;

---

Mrpupau;

m)kzpNkfiy

---

1) fpU~;;zg;gps;is

M)Njthuk;

---

2) ckWg;Gytu;

,)rPwhg;Guhzk;

---

3) rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu;

<),ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk;-4) Re;juu;

--5) Fzq;Fb k];jhd;

3.

Ehy;

---

rkak;

m) kzpNkfiy

---

1) rkzk;

M) ePyNfrp

---

2) fpwpj;jtk;

,) ,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk;--- 3) ,Ryhk;

<) rPwhg;Guhzk;

-----

4) ngsj;jk;
5) itztk;

23

tpil

m 4
M 5
, 1
< 2
tpil

m 3
M 4
, 2
< 1
tpil

m 4
M 1
, 2
< 3

4.

5.

Ehy;

---

Mrpupau;

m) ,uhruhrNrhoDyh

---

1) gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu;

M) jpUNtq;flj;je;jhjp

--

2) FkuFUguu;

,) kJiuf; fyk;gfk;

---

3) Mrpupau; ngau; mwpatpy;iy

<) Kf;$lw;gs;S

---

4) xl;lf;$j;ju;
5) fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu;

Gytu;fs;

---

,aw;wpa Ehy;fs;

m) ,sq;Nfhtbfs; ---

1) kzpNkfiy

M) jpUj;jf;f Njtu; ---

2) rpyg;gjpfhuk;

,) ehjFj;jdhu;

3) rPtfrpe;jhkzp

---

<) rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhu;------

4) tisahgjp
5) Fz;lyNfrp

gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
khjphp
1. G+l;b G+l;L ,
G+l;L gFjp
, tpidnar;r tpFjp
2. Njhd;wp Njhd;W ,
3. va;jp va;J ,
4. Ve;jp Ve;J ,
5. ,iwQ;rp ,iwQ;R ,
6. Nehf;fp Nehf;F ,
7. Koq;fp Koq;F ,
8. Nghw;wp Nghw;W ,
khjphp
1. tho;f tho; f
tho; - gFjp
f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp
2.xopf xop f
3.Xq;Ff Xq;F f
4.cah;f cah; f
5.nra;f nra; f
khjphp
1. Xk;Gkpd; Xk;G kpd;
Xk;G gFjp
kpd; - Vty;gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp

24

tpil

m 4
M 1
, 2
< 3
tpil

m 2
M 3
, 5
< 1

2. czh;kpd; czh; kpd; khjphp

1. GfyPh; Gfy; <h;
Gfy; gFjp
<h; Vty;gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
2. fhzPh; fhz; <h;
khjphp
1. Fdpe;J Fdp j;(e;) j; c
Fdp gFjp
j; - re;jp (e;; MdJ tpfhuk;)
j; - .,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
c tpidnar;r tpFjp
2.jpwe;J jpw j;(e;) j; c
3.xope;J xop j;(e;) j; c
khjphp
1. mirj;j mir j; j; m
mir gFjp
j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
m nganur;r tpFjp.
2. Mh;j;j Mh; j; j; m

P
g : ik tpFjp kiwe;J tUtJ

bP

M : fhyk; kiwe;J
FN
F
c
A

O
MK
H

tUtJ

: xNu nrhy; mLf;fp tUtJ

FF

ic

GF

NN
MAMA

K : ngah;r;nrhy;iyr; rpwg;gpg;gJ

25

O (G):
L:

j, bg, h

Q:

: ck; ntspg;gilahf tUtJ

J O

C

ME E


: ctik ctNkak; ,uz;ilAk; xd;whf;FtJ
a
FM
CJ

FI E
M M:
N,
F M M:
,

HK C MF
1)

J = J +
MF =
J MF
(+=) J
= + ( + = )
F = + F ( + = )
= + ( + = )

2)

= + ( + = )
MP = M + P
MF &1 = JK M . vd;w tpjpg;gb
tpsf;f; Vw;wp
MF 2 = J ( + = )
MP
= + (l; c L ) ( + = )
= + ( + = ) ( + = )
= + ( + = ) ( + = )
C = C + ( + = ) ( + = )
= + ( + = ) (+ =)

26

3)

= +
MF =
MF MF
.

4)

O = + O
MF&1 = MF MF
+O .
MF&2 = I MF P O

= +
= +
= +
= +

5)

E = E +
MF = H, MFJ G J I
MF P E

6)

bC = b + C
MF = M + F
F = F +
FQ = FQ +
O = + O
a = + a
E = E +
= +
MF & MF
q; P
= +
G+q;nfhb = + nfhb

Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf

1. fhyj;jpdhw; nra;j ed;wp rpwpnjdpDk;
Qhyj;jpd; khzg;nghpJ.
2. vOik vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Sth; jq;fz;
tpOke; Jilj;jth; el;G.
27

3. xWj;jhiu nahd;whf itahNu itg;gh;

nghWj;jhiug; nghd;Nghy; nghjpe;J.
4. cz;zhJ Nehw;ghh; nghpah; gpwh;nrhy;Yk;
,d;dhr;nrh Ndhw;ghhpw; gpd;.
5. vg;nghUs; ahh;ahh;tha;f; Nfl;gpDk; mg;nghUs;
nka;g;nghUs; fhz;g jwpT.
6. mQ;Rt jQ;rhik Ngijik mQ;rt
jQ;ry; mwpthh; njhopy;.
7. nrhy;Yjy; ahh;fF
; k; vspa mhpathk;
nrhy;ypa tz;zk; nray;.
8. Jd;gk; cwthpDk; nra;f Jzpthw;wp
,d;gk; gaf;Fk; tpid.

***********

28

Jizg;ghlk;
1. ghy; tz;zk; gps;is
-GJikg;gpj;jd;
fij khe;jh;fs;

ghy; tz;zk; gps;is

gps;isapd; kidtp
ehd;F Foe;ijfs;
Nky tPl;L mz;zhr;rp
Rg;Gf; Nfhdhh;

:&

A H .

IC

H J .

:&
R ?:&

H dR

35

EP. x H
R KM

P. H

R KM P.

GH i

i .

M P :&

A.

O M

x A M

F M

E.

:&
i

KM
H

te;jhy;

. F

M P.

P,

cE

M .

, M :&

M, Nky tPl;L

J , A. i
,

H, HF.

29

ifapy;

mzpe;jpUe;j

C M,

H i

. PL i

F H :&
15

8 E H

. khl;ilg; ghUk; 25 &gha;. I

P
H

30

30

MM.
.

60

70 thq;fpa
F

H P.

:&
F

A A.

2. Ntyp
-,uh[k; fpU~;zd;
fij khe;jh;fs;

Nfhkjp
Nfhkjpapd; kfd;> Foe;ijfs;
kUkfs; khyjp
Nfhkjpapd; ngz;fs;: gq;f[k;> nrz;gfk;
khyjpapd; mf;fh : Uf;kzp

Uf;kzpapd; fztd;: nry;yg;gd;

:&
O

Aw

C ikakhff;
.

xA

C P .

f; :&

gzj;jpw;F NtypAk; ,y;iy Ks;Sk;

F A:&
FJ F E F F
L. F

; Q

F , F i . C

FJ

Er;

M.

6000
F

L M:&

F F

. H

F F ? L M F
30

 F. Fk; vd;fpw

A O ,

FJ

, F MM.

P :&
FJ F E rikj;j

P. E

F H K.

Cwg;gl;l

AO F:&

F. G

:&
F FJ
F i
M

CK

O .

FJ

E,

MA

x F F.

I:&
?
?

M.

E F

r FA.

:&
FJ
,

,
F

F.

, H

M?

FJ

F,

M? F

J A

, A L F FJ F
J
F

L ;

E.

:&

, F F

G E

A.
31

L CA

3. kz;
-ma;ff
; z;
fij khe;jh;fs;

fUg;igah - ,uhkhap- jkpo;j;jk;gjp

#ug;gl;b kf;fs;
Nrth njhz;L epWtdh; - Nfhtpuh[;
rpd;dj;jha;
hpr;rh;L - yp]p- Mq;fpNyaj; jk;gjp

:&
CK
F

C.

F x CJ

,J P J .

:&
J

-- -

jk;gjpapdh;

M L J

AF ,J

jk;gjpapdUf;Fr;
CJ

AF

O
L,

C
--

KP.

E K -- yp]p jk;gjpapdh;
.

A
yp]p
H

. J

,
%ykhff;

21

Mx

K, yp]p F P.

H
J
H

:&

%d;W ngz;

i .

AF

O, ,

M.

H CJ
. KI
H

AF

H J

P.

A.

O :&
, ,

A.

A.
32

A,

 F E:&
J

C
J

M.

K -- yp]p FJ
A.
O

CJ
H

IA.

J Mx

M
F

A.
F

JJ

fhl;LfpwJ.

JJ M, :&
21

CJ

M
, P, ,

AA.

KC,
KA.

JJ

M A.

F J:&
J

M K

P,

K& yp]p F

A.

F A.

:&

E F, F, C
K A.

A A.

33

JJ

,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;ly;

1.

Kd;Diu
(Mrphpah; Fwpg;G)

2.

Nkhid

3.

vJif

ghujpahh;> ghujpjhrd;> ehkf;fy; ftpQh;>

ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is.
rPh;NjhWk; my;yJ mb NjhWk; Kjy; vOj;J
xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid MFk;.
rPh;NjhWk; my;yJ mb NjhWk; ,uz;lhk; vOj;J
xd;wp tUtJ vJif MFk;.
rPh; NjhWk; my;yJ mb NjhWk; nrhy;Nyh mjd;

4.

Kuz;

nghUNsh

Kuz; gl (vnrhy;yha;) tUtJ

Kuz; MFk;.
5.

,iaG

6.

mzp

7.
8.
9.

Rit eak;
jiyg;G
KbTiu

rPh; NjhWk; my;yJ mb NjhWk; filrpapy;

epd;w vOj;Njh> nrhy;Nyh xd;wp tUtJ ,iaG
MFk;.
,ay;G
etpw;rp mzp> cah;T etpw;rp mzp>
ctik mzp> nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp
Mfpatw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;W ,lk; ngWk;.
ngUkpjr; Rit
,uz;L > %d;W nrhw;fSf;Fs; vOJf

Kd;Diuf;fhd Mrphpah; Fwpg;Gfs;:

ghujpahh;:
ghujpahh;; 1882Mk; Mz;L brk;gh;j; jpq;fs; 11Mk; ehs; J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lj;jpy;
cs;s vl;laGuj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh; rpd;dr;rhkp Iah;> ,yf;Fkp mk;khs; Mth;. ,tuJ
,aw;ngah; Rg;gpukzpad;. ,sikapNyNa ftpghLk; Mw;wy; ngw;wjhy;
ghujp vd;w
rpwg;Gg; ngah; ngw;whh;. ,th; fz;zd; ghl;L>Fapy; ghl;L> ghQ;rhyp rgjk; vd;Dk;
Kg;ngUk; ghly;fisg; ghbAs;shh;. 11-09-1921,y; ,aw;if va;jpdhh;.
ghujpjhrd;
ghujpjhrdhh; 29-04-1891 ,y; GJitapy; gpwe;jhh;. ,th; ngw;Nwhh; fdfrig> ,yf;Fkp
mk;khs;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk;. ghujpahh; kPJ nfhz;l md;G fhuzkhfj;
jk; ngaiug; ghujpjhrd; vdg; Gide;Jnfhz;lhh;. ,th; FLk;g tpsf;F> ,Uz;l tPL>
mofpd; rphpg;G> ghz;bad; ghpR> gprpuhe;ijahh; E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. 21-04-1964 md;W
,aw;if va;jpdhh;.

34

ehkf;fy; ftpQh;
ehkf;fy; ftpQh; nt.,uhkypq;fdhh; ehkf;fy; khtl;lk; NkhfD}hpy; 19-10-1888 Mk;
Mz;L ntq;fl;uhkd; vd;ghUf;Fk; mk;kzp mk;khSf;Fk; 8 MtJ kfdhfj; Njhd;wpdhh;.
rpwe;j tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuUkhthh;. ,tiur; rpwg;gpf;Fk; nghUl;L> jkpof muR
muritf; ftpQuhfTk;> rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpduhfTk; epakpj;jJ. eLtz; muR ,tUf;F>
gj;kG+~z; tpUJ mspj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ. ,th; ,aw;wpa E}y;fSs; rpy kiyf;fs;sd;>
rq;nfhyp> mtDk; mtSk;. ,th; 24-08-1972 md;W ,aw;if va;jpdhh;.
ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is
ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Nj&hpy;
rptjhZg;gps;is - Mjpyl;Rkp MfpNahUf;F
27-07-1876 ,y; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhh;;.,th;
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; Mrpa N[hjp> kyUk; khiyAk;> kUkf;fs; top khd;kpak;>
ckh;fa;ahk; ghly;fs;; KjypadthFk;. 24-08-1972 md;W ,aw;if va;jpdhh;.

ciueil
ngUtpdh
ghlk; : 1

cah;jdpr;nrk;nkhop

1. nre;jkpo;ehL> nfhLe;jkpo;ehL vd;w gphpTfs; gw;wpg; ghpjpkhw;fiyQh; ciug;gd

ahit?
nre;jkpo; ehL:
1. re;jd kuq;fs; epiwe;j nghjpif kiyapy; ,Ue;J jkpo; tsh;j;j mfj;jpa
KdptUk;>
2. nrse;ju ghz;bad; vd;Dk; jkpo; kd;dUk;
3. rq;fg; Gyth;fSk; jioj;J ,dpNj tho;e;j kq;fyj; jd;ik cila ghz;ba
tsehL jhd; nre;jkpo;ehL vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ.
nfhLe;jkpo; ehL
1. njd;ghz;behL
2. Fl;l ehL
3. Fl ehL
4. fw;fhehL
5. NtzhL
6. G+opehL
7. gd;wp ehL
8. mUth ehL
9. mUth tljiy ehL
10. rPj ehL
11. kiyakhd; ehL
12. Gdy; ehL nre;jkpo; epyj;ijr; Nrh;e;j ,e;jg; gd;dpuz;L FWepyq;fSk;
Fw;wkpy;yhf; nfhLe;jkpo; ehlhFk;.

,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ ahJ? Kw;fhyj;Jk; ,f;fhyj;Jk; tpsq;Fk; ,irj; jkpo;

E}y; tiffs; ahit?
2.

,irj;jkpo;:
1. ,irj;jkpo; vd;gJ gz;nzhL fye;Jk; jhsj;NjhL Nrh;e;Jk; mikAk;
nra;AshFk;.
2. nre;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk;> nfhLe;jkpo;g; ghl;LfshYk; mike;j ,yf;fpaq;fSk;
mtw;wpd; ,yf;fzq;fSkhd E}y;fspd; njhFjpahFk;.
35

,irj;jkpopy; mlq;Ftd
1. fPh;j;jidfs;
2. thpg;ghly;fs;
3. rpe;J
4. Mde;jf; fspg;G
5. Fk;kp
6. njk;khq;F
Kw;fhyj;J ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs;
1. ngUehiu
2. ngUq;FUF
3. ,ir EZf;fk;
4. jhstif Nahj;J
,ilf;fhyj;J ,irj;jkpo; E}y;
Njthuk;
,f;fhyj;J ,irj;jkpo; E}y;fs;
1. fe;jGuhzf; fPh;j;jid

3. rq;fPj re;jphpif

2. nghpaGuhzf; fPh;j;jid

3. ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;gpay;Gfshff; fl;Liuahrphpah; $Wtd ahit?

ehlfj;jkpo;:
1. ifapy; Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jg;gbf;f Neuk; ,y;yhj gzpahsh;fSf;Fk;> gbf;fj;
njhpahjth;fSf;Fk; ey;ywpT Gfl;Lk; Nehf;fj;Jld; vOe;jNj ehlfj;
jkpohFk;.
1. mJ Nfl;NghUf;Fk; fhz;Nghh;f;Fk; ,d;gk; jUtjhy; kf;fs; mjidf; fhz
tpUk;gpr; nry;fpd;wdh;.
ehlfj; jkpopd; rpwg;G:
,ay; jkpo;> ,irj; jkpo; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; mbg;gilahf; nfhz;L gpwe;jNj
ehlfj;jkpo;.
1. ,aYk;> ,irAk; Nfs;tp ,d;gk; kl;LNk jUtd
2. ehlfj; jkpNoh Nfs;tp ,d;gj;Jld; fhl;rp ,d;gKk; jUfpwJ.
3. ,jdhy; jhd; gpw ehl;ltUk;> gpwnkhopg; Gyth;fSk; ehlfj;ij Nkd;ik
4. cilajhf kjpf;fpd;wdh;.

4. jkpo; cah;nkhop> jdp nkhop vd ciuf;fg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit?

jkpo; cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhop:
1. tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd>; fPhpf; Kjypa nkhopfisg;Nghd;W jkpo; nkhopAk; cah;
jdpr; nrk;nkhopahFk;.
cah;nkhop - tpsf;fk;:
1. jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;by; cs;s nkhopfs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl cah;thd>
Nkd;ik cila nkhopNa cah;nkhop MFk;.
2. jkpo; nkhop> njYq;F Kjypatw;wpw;F vy;yhk; jiyik rhd;wJ> mtw;wpDk;
3. kpf;f NkjfTk; cilaJ. vdNt jkpo; cah;nkhopNa MFk;.

jdpnkhop - tpsf;fk;:
1. jdpj;J ,aq;Fk; Mw;wy; cila nkhopNa jdpnkhop MFk.;
2. jkpo; nkhopapd; cjtpia ePf;fpdhy; njYq;F Kjypa nkhopfs; ,aq;fh.
Mdhy; jkpo; nkhop gpwnkhopfspd; cjtpapd;wpj; jdpj;J ,aq;ff;$baJ.
3. ,/J ,e;jpa nkhop E}w; Gyth;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;l cz;ik MFk;. MfNt
jkpo;nkhop jdp nkhopNa MFk;.

36

5. nrk;nkhopapd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ? mt;tpyf;fzk; jkpo; nkhopapd;ghy;

nghUe;jpapUg;gjid
epWTf?
1.

jpUe;jpa gz;Gk; rPh;j;j ehfupfKk; nghUe;jpa nkhopNa nrk;nkhop MFk;.

,t;tpyf;fzk; jkpo; nkhopapy; mike;jpUj;jy; Njw;wk;.
2. ,lh;gl;l nrhy; KbTfSk; nghUs; KbTfSk; ,y;yhky; nrhy;gtd; fUjpa
nghUisf; Nfl;gtd; njsptha; czuty;yjha;g; gioad fope;Jk; Gjpad
GFe;Jk; jpUj;jk; va;jp epw;wNy jpUe;jpa gz;ngdg;gLtjhFk;. ,J jkpo;
nkhopapy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
3. xU ehl;bd; Kjph;r;rpf;F Vw;wthW nrhw;fSk; Njhd;wp nkhopfSk; ehfupf eyk;
tpisj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
4. nrhw;fs; Njhd;Wk; NghJ> gpw nkhopr;nrhw;fs; my;yhky; jd; nrhw;fNs kpFjy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,J jkpo; nkhopf;Fg; nghUe;Jk;.

ghlk; : 2

rkurk;

1. cyfpy; rkurk; guthikf;Ff; fhuzq;fshfj; jpU.tp.f $Wtd ahit?

1. rkurj;ijg; gw;wp vOe;j Ngr;RfSk; vOj;JfSk; kiynadTk;> flnydTk;
cs;sd.
2. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa mwpQh; gyUk; rkurj;ijNa mwpTWj;jpr;nrd;wdh;. Mdhy;>
cyfk; mjw;Fr; nrtp rha;ff
; tpy;iy.
3. kdpjdplj;jpy; Fb nfhz;Ls;s mOf;fhW mth> ntFsp Kjypad kdpjid rkur
Qhdpahf;Ftjpy;iy.
4. rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtJk; vOJtJk; vspJ Mdhy; mjid eilKiwf;Ff;
nfhz;L tUtJ mhpJ.
5. vdNt> kdpjd; rkurj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgRtijf;fhl;bYk; mij eilKiwapy;
nfhz;Ltu KaYtNj mwpTilikahFk;.

2. ehL vDk; gw;why; rkurj;ij ,og;gJ gw;wpj; jpU.tp.f. ciug;gd ahit?

1. xUtd; ehL vDk; gw;why; gpw ehLfisj; Jd;GWj;Jjy; $lhJ.
2. Nky; ehl;lhh; jhk; gpwe;j ehl;bd; nghUl;Lg; gpw ehLfisg; gw;Wtjpy; jpwik
tha;e;jth;.
3. Mfha tpkhdq;fSk;> ePh; %o;fpf; fyq;fSk; er;Rf; fhw;WfSk; gpw
ehLfisf;
ifgw;Wtjw;Nf fz;ldh;.
4. jq;fs; ehl;ilNa flTshff; fUJk; ,th;fSf;Fg; gpw ehl;lthplKk; flTs;
,Uj;jy; GydhtJ ,y;iy.
5. kw;wth;f;Fk; grp Kjypad cz;L vd;gij mth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjpy;iy.
6. vy;yh ehl;lth;fSk; rNfhjuh;fs; vd;gij czuhj ,th;fs;> ehL vDk; gw;why;
rkurj;ij ,of;fpwhh;fs;.

3. rhjpf; nfhLik> rkantwp Kjypad rkur czh;itf; Fiyg;gdthk; ,f;fUj;ijj; jpU.tp.f. top epd;W Ma;f:
rhjpf;
1.
2.
3.

nfhLik
gpwg;ghy; cah;T> jho;T fUJk; ngUq;Fw;wk; ekJ ehl;Lf;Nf rpwg;ghf
vy;yhf; nfhLikfspYk; jiyahaJ rhjpf; nfhLikNa.
gpwg;ghy; cah;T> jho;T fUJk; cs;sj;jpy; rkurr; rhay; gluhJ.

37

cz;L.

rka ntwp
1. rka ntwp flTs; md;igf; nfLf;fpwJ.
2. xUtd; jd; rkaj;jpd; kPJ gw;Wf;nfhz;L kw;wr; rkaj;jhiu epe;jpf;fpwhd;.
3. rkak; vd;gJ xd;Nw. mJNt rkurk; MFk;.
4. gy rka czh;Tk; jd; rkag; gw;Wk; rkurj;ij mopj;JtpLfpd;wd.

4. ek; ehl;by; ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;J tUk; ngUq;nfhiy vd;W jpU.tp.f.

tUe;jp ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.
1. nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa nfhs;iffisg; Gijj;J mth; cUtj;ij kl;Lk;
te;jidAk;> topghLk; nra;Ak; ngha; xOf;fk; ek; ehl;by; ePz;l ehs;
tof;fpypUf;fpwJ.
2. "rhj;jpuk; gy NgRk; rof;fh;fhs; Nfhj;jpuKk; FyKk; nfhz;L vd; nra;tPh;
vd;Wk;> rhjp Fyk; gpwg;ngd;Dk; Ropg;gl;Lj; jLkhWk;> vd;Wk; mUspa
nghpNahiu topgLk; kf;fs;> rhjpiaNa flTshfTk; rkakhfTk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
3. ,th;fs; rhjpia kWj;Jr; rkurj;jpy; jpisj;j nghpNahiu topgLtjpy; nghUs;
,y;iy.nghpNahh; mwpTWj;jpa newpepd;W xOFtNj cz;ikahd topghlhFk;.

ghlk; : 5

MTe;jkpoUk;

1.kf;fs; ehfhpfj;NjhL khl;bw;Fk; njhlh;Gz;L vd;gijg; ghthzh; $WkhW

ahq;qdk;?
1. kf;fs; ehfhpfk; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> efuk; vd;w ehd;F epiyfisj;
jOtpaJ. mtw;Ws; FwpQ;rpapNyNa jkpoh;f;F> mj;jkpohpd; Kd;Ndhh;f;Fj; njhlh;G
,Ue;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
2. MthdJ Kjd; Kjypy; FwpQ;rp epyj;jpw;Fhpa tpyq;fhFk;. FwpQ;rpia mLj;j
Ky;iy epyj;jpy; tho;e;j Mah; Ml;ilAk; khl;ilAk; nghpa mstpy; tsh;j;jdh;.
mtw;wpd; CidAk;> ghiyAk; cz;L tho;e;jdh;. mit Nka;g;gth; Mah; vdg;
ngah; ngw;wdh;.

2. khL vd;gJ nry;tk; Nghyf; fUjg;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit?

1. gz;ila cyfk; KOikAk; khNl kf;fspd; nry;tkhf
,Ue;jJ.
2. Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F
khly;y kw;iw ait vd;W ts;Sth; $WtjpypUe;J> khNl nry;tk; vd;gij
czuyhk;.
3. Ky;iy epyj;jpy; coT Njhd;wp> kUj epyj;jpy; rpwg;gile;jJ.
4. khL ,U epyj;jhUf;Fk; CDk;> ghYk; nfhLj;J Ntshz;ikf;Fk; cjtpaJ.
5. khl;bd; CDk; ghYk; kl;Lkpd;wpj; Njhy;>nfhk;G curid> thy;> kaph;> rhzk;
Kjypa gpwTk; gad;gl;ld.
6. ghy;> japh;> Nkhh;> ntz;nza>; nea; Mfpad Ie;Jk; ( gQ;rhkpu;jk; ) jUtJ
khNl MFk;.

3. Mtpd; rpwg;Gfshfg; ghthzh; tpje;Jiug;gd ahit?

1. MTk;> MNtWk; kf;fSf;Fg; gad;gLtd. mtw;Ws; MNt mikjpAilaJk;>
mKjspj;jYk;> ,Ughy; fd;W <DjYk; gw;wpr; rpwg;gha;g; Nghw;wg;gl;lJ.
2. ghh;j;jhy; gRNghy. gha;e;jhy; Gyp Nghy vd;gJ gonkhop. MTf;F thAiw
mspj;jy; Kg;gj;jpuz;L mwf;nfhilfSs; xd;wha;f;nfhz;ldh;. ,of;Fk; nghUSk;
Mtpd; tha;g;gl;lhy; Mf;fkhk; vd;Dk; fUj;jpy; ghoha;g;NghfpwJ gRtpd;
thapNy vd;Dk; gonkhop Njhd;wpaJ.
38

3. M> jhd; cz;lij kPzL

; k; jd; tha;fF
; f; nfhz;L te;J mirapl;Lr; nrhpf;fr;
nra;Ak;.mjdhy; MthdJ jiy khzhf;fUf;F ctikaha;f; $wg;gl;lJ.
4. Mtpd;
jpdT
jPh;j;jw;nghUl;L>
MThpQ;rp
vd;Wk;
MjPz;L
Fw;wpnad;Wk;
nrhy;yg;gl;l jwpfs; Ch;NjhWk; ehl;lg;gl;bUj;jiyf; fhzyhk;.

4. mWKiw tho;j;J -tpsf;F.

1. kf;fshy; tho;j;jg;gLk; nghUs;fSs; MTk; xd;nwdj; jkpoh; fUjpdh;. mWKiw
tho;j;J vd;Dk; njhy;fhg;gpag; gFjpAiuapy; KdptUk;> ghh;g;ghUk;> MdpiuAk;>
kioAk; KbAil Nte;jUk;> cyFk; vd;Dk; mWtiu tho;j;jy; vd
er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; ciuj;jhh;.
2. kf;fs; ey;tho;tpw;F MTk; xU fhuzk; vd;gij czh;j;Nj jkpoh; tho;j;jpdhh;.
3. tho;f me;jzh;> thdth; Mdpdk; vd;gJ jpUQhd rk;ge;jhpd; mUs; ciuahFk;.

5. M nja;tj;jd;ik cilaJ vd;gjid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

1. M> m/wpiz caph;jhd;> MapDk; cah;jpiz capuhfpa kdpjid
tplTk;
nja;tj; jd;ik cilajhf> J}a;ik
cilajhff; fUjg;gl;lJ.
2. xU ehl;bYs;s Mepiu fs;tuhNyh> giftuhNyh ftug;gl;lhy; mJ
J}a;ikf;NflhfTk; Nghpog;ghfTk; fUjg;gl;lJ. mJNt fLk;NghUf;Ff;
fhuzkhdJ.
3. ey;yhl;rp elj;Jk; kd;dd; $l Ntw;W ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w tpUk;gpdhy;
me;ehl;L Mepiuiaj; jd; tPuh;fs; %yk; fth;e;J tur;nra;J ghJfhj;jhd;.
4. Md;kb mWj;jy; khngUq;Fw;wkhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. Mf; nfhiyNah
mijtplg; ngUq;Fw;wk; vd;W fUjg;gl;lJ.

ghlk; :7.

kdpjh; tho;f

1. Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wp K.t. ciug;gd ahit?

1. cyfk; gbg;gbaha; KiwNa Kd;Ndwp tUfpwJ. cyfk; Kd;NdWfpwJ vd;why;
kiyAk;> fhLk; VNjh khWjy; milfpd;wd vd;gjd;W. kf;fspd; tho;tpy; ey;y
khWjy;fs; Vw;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gjhFk;.
2. ,e;j Kd;Ndw;;wj;jpw;F ,ilapilNa gy epiyfspy; kdpjh; jLkhwpaJz;L.
jLkhwpj; jLkhwpg; Gjpa Gjpa mwpTk; Cf;fKk; ngw;W kdpjh; Kd;Ndw;wk;
mile;J tUfpd;wdh;. me;j Kd;Ndw;we;jhd; ekf;nfy;yhk; ek;gpf;ifAk;> cWjpAk;
mspj;J tUfpwJ.

2. Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;W K.t. Fwpg;gpLtJ

ahJ?

1. gs;spf; $lj;Jr; rpWtd;> vOj;Jf; fy;tp ngUik cilaJ vd;W czuhky;

gyifAk;> gyg;gKk; cah;e;jit vd;W kaq;ff;$lhJ. mt;thW kaq;fpdhy;
mij mtDila tho;tpy; Neh;e;j xU jLkhw;wk; vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;.
2. kf;fs; To thHj; bjhl';fpa nghJ tHpfhl;oa jiytd; jiyapy; Ko Nl;odh;
ifapy; nfhYk; bfhLj;jdh;.
3. rpy jiyKiwfs; fle;j gpwF me;j Koa[k; nfhYk; cilatd; kd;dd; vdg;gl;lhd;.
gpd;dh;/ Koa[k; nfhYk; cilatd; vtdhapDk; mtidj; bja;tkha;g; nghw;wp
mogzpa ntz;Lk; vd;w \lek;gpf;if vGe;jJ. ,Jnt Kjy; jLkhw;wk; vd;W K.t.
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.

39

3. njh;jYk; xU jLkhw;wnk vd;W K.t. czug;gdtw;iw tpsf;Ff.

1. ehl;il Ms;tjw;Fj; jFjp cilaiuj; njh;e;bjLf;f njh;jy; Kiw njhd;wpaJ.
ifia cah;j;Jtjd; \ykhft[k;/ Flnthiy KiwapYk; eilbgw;w Njh;jy; Kiw
ek;ehl;oYk; ,Ue;jJ.
2. me;jj; njh;jy;fspy; Koa[k; nfhYk; bgw;wpUe;j rpwg;igr; bry;tKk; bry;thf;Fk;
bgw;W tpl;ld. bry;te;jh;fSk;/ bry;thf;Fg; gilj;jth;fSk; btw;wp bgw;Wj; jiyth;
Mapdh;.
3

gpwF bry;tKk; bry;thf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fg; gad;gLtJ khwp/ ehl;L kf;fs; vy;yhUk;

rpyUila bry;tj;ija[k; bry;thf;ifa[k; fhg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gl;ldh;. vdnt njh;jYk;
xU jLkhw;wnk vd;W K.t. ciuf;fpwhh;.

4. xUgb Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;W K.t. ciug;gJ ahJ?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

KbAk;> NfhYk; rpwg;gha; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; mtw;iwf; fhg;gjw;fhfg;

gilfSk;> gilf;fUtpfSk; gad;gl;ld.
,d;iwa Ml;rp KiwapYk; gilfSk;> gilf;fUtpfSk; mt;thNw
gad;gLfpd;wd.
vdpDk; mtw;wpd; kjpg;Gk;> rpwg;Gk; Fiwe;J tUfpd;wd. ,J xU gb
Kd;Ndw;wk;.
,d;iwa kf;fs; nra;jp ,jo;fspy; vOjg;gLtdTk;> Nkilfspy;
Ngrg;gLtdTk; cz;ikay;y vd;Dk; njspT ngw Ntz;Lk;.
me;jj; njsptpdhy; Nghhg;;gilfisf; fz;L kaq;fhjijg; Nghd;Nw fl;rpj;
Njh;jy;fisAk; fz;L kaq;fkhl;lhh;fs;. ,JTk; xU gb Kd;Ndw;wNk MFk;.

5. Vw;wj; jho;tpy;yhj rKjhak; mika K.t. fhl;Lk; topfs; ahit?

1. Kb> Nfhy;> fl;rp> Njh;jy; Kjypad kdpj tho;Tf;F cjt te;j fUtpfs;> me;jf;
fUtpfs;
gadw;Wg;NghdhYk;>
,ilA+wha;j;
Njhd;WkhdhYk;>
mtw;iwg;
Gwf;fzpf;f kdpjh;fSf;F chpik cz;L.
2. Nkw;$wpait midj;Jk; rpwpait; kdpj tho;Nt nghpaJ. kdpj tho;Tf;F
mbg;gilahdit ,uz;L. mit $l;LwTk;> ciog;GkhFk;. mit cs;stiu
kdpj tho;Tf;Ff; FiwT ,y;iy.
3. $l;LwTf;F tUk; ,ilA+w;iw nty;y mwg;gilAk;> ciog;Gf;Fg; gQ;rk; te;jhy;
mij nty;y cOepyKk; Ntz;Lk;. Ruz;LNthUk;> Ruz;lg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj
rhjp> rkak;> fl;rp Kjypatw;why; Vw;wj;jho;T ,y;yhj rKjhak; mika ,JNt
topahFk;.

40

neLtpdhf;fs;
ghlk; :1
1.

cah;jdpr;nrk;nkhop

,ay; ,ir ehlfk; vd;w Kj;jkpo; tifik Fwpj;Jg; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh;

ciug;gdtw;iwj; njhFj;J tiuf.

jkpo;nkhop ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd %tifg;gLk;. mk;%tifg;ghFghL gw;wp

,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
,aw;wkpo;
1. ciueil> nra;As;> ,yf;fpa ,yf;fzq;fSk; mlq;Fk;.
2. nre;jkpo;> nfhLe;jkpo;r; nra;As; E}y;fs;. nre;jkpo; nfhLe;jkpo; ciueil E}y;fs;
Kjypad ,aw;wkpopy; mlq;Fk;.
,irj;jkpo; : ciu eil ghlk; xd;wpy; ngUtpdh 2 f;Fhpa tpil
ehlfj; jkpo; : ciu eil ghlk; xd;wpy; ngUtpdh 3 f;Fhpa tpil

2. jkpo; - cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhop - ,j;jiyg;gpd; fPo; ghpjpkhw; fiyQh;

ciug;gdtw;iwj; njhFj;J vOJf.
jkpo; cah; nkhop> jdpnkhop :
ciueilg; ghlk; xd;wpy; ngUtpdh 4 f;Fhpa tpil
jkpo; nrk;nkhop :
ciueilg; ghlk; xd;wpy; ngUtpdh 5 f;Fhpa tpil

ghlk; : 2

rkurk;

1. ehL> rkak;> rhjp ,tw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rkur czh;tpdpd;W

khWgLjy; jtwhk; vd;W jpU.tp.f. thjpLtjid tpsf;Ff?
ehL :
rkak;> rhjp:

ghlk; :7
1.

ciueilg; ghlk; ,uz;by; ngUtpdh 2 f;Fhpa tpil

ciueilg; ghlk; ,uz;by; ngUtpdh 3 f;Fhpa tpil

kdpjh; tho;f

kdpj tho;Nt nghpaJ vd;Dk; mbg;gilapy; K.t. ciuf;Fk; vjph;fhyf;

fdT ahJ?
1. gilfSf;Fk;> gilf;fUtpfSf;Fk; cs;s kjpg;Gk;> rpwg;Gk;> gbg;gbaha;f; Fiwe;J
tUfpd;wd.
2. gj;jphpif>Nkilg;Ngr;Rfs; Fwpj;j kaf;fk; njspa Ntz;Lk;.
3. gj;jphpifapy; vOjg;gLtd Nkilapy; Ngrg;gLtd vy;yhk; cz;ik vd;W ek;gf;
$lhJ.
4. fw;wit> Nfl;lit Fwpj;j cz;ikfis Muha;e;J gpd;dNu Vw;gh;.
5. Nghh;g;gilfisg; Nghyj; Njh;jy;fis mQ;rhJ vjph;nfhs;th;.
6. Nghh; Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;W kWg;gJ Nghy;> Vkhw;Wj; Njh;jy;fisf; fz;L kf;fs;
kaq;fkhl;lhh;fs;.
7. Kb> Nfhy;> gzk;> gjtp> fl;rp> Njh;jy; vd;W vijr;nrhy;ypAk; Va;f;f KbahJ.
vy;yhk; kdpj tho;Tf;F cjt te;j fUtpfs;. mit gadw;Nwh> ,ilA+whfNth>
Njhd;wpdhy; mtw;iw chpikAld; Gwf;fzpg;gh;.
41

8. fUtpfs; ahTk; rpwpad> kdpj tho;Nt nghpaJ vd;w KbTf;F tUth;.

9. Ruz;LNthUk;> Ruz;lg;gLNthUk; ,y;yhj Vw;wj;jho;tw;w rKjhak; kyUk;.
10. kdpj tho;tpy; cz;ikahf cs;sit ,uz;L. xd;W $l;LwT> kw;nwhd;W
ciog;G.
11. $l;LwTf;F ,ilA+W te;jhy;> mij nty;y mwg;gil Ntz;Lk;. ciog;gpw;Fg;
gQ;rk; te;jhy; mij nty;y cOepyk; Ntz;Lk;.

2. Njh;jy; Kiwfs; gw;wp lhf;lh; K.t. vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;Jfs; ahit?

ciueilg; ghlk; 7 ,y; ngUtpdh 3> 4 f;Fhpa tpil

nkhopg;gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;
ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJjy;
Fwpg;G :

tUk; nrhy;ypy; f> r> j> g vd;w vOj;Jfis cila nrhw;fs; tUk;
NghJ f;> r;> j;> g; Mfpa ty;ypd nka;fs; kpFe;J tUk;.

1.

ney;ypfha;> jhd;wpfha;> fLfha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ jphpgiy

vdg;gLk;.
ney;ypf;fha;> jhd;wpf;fha;> fLf;fha; Mfpa %d;W ruf;Ffisf; nfhz;lJ jphpgiy
vdg;gLk;.

2.

nfhr;ir nrhw;fSk;> t*c nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahf Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa

eilia Gwf;fzpf;f $LNkh?
nfhr;irr; nrhw;fSk;> t*cr; nrhw;fSk; kpFjpahfg; Goq;Ftjhy; jkpo; ,yf;fpa
eiliag; Gwf;fzpf;ff; $LNkh?
3.
fiyJiw nkhopj;Jiw> kUj;JtJiw> ,irJiw> rkaJiw Mfpatw;wpw;F
Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzp nghpJ md;Nwh?
fiyj;Jiw>
nkhopj;Jiw>
kUj;Jtj;
Jiw>
,irj;Jiw>
rkaj;Jiw
Mfpatw;wpw;F Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; Mw;wpa gzp nghpJ md;Nwh?
4.
jkpopirapy; Ma ghiy> tl;l ghiy> jphpNfhz ghiy> rJu ghiy vd;w
ehd;F ,ir Kiwfs; ,Ue;jd.
jkpopirapy; Mag;ghiy> tl;lg;ghiy> jphpNfhzg;ghiy> rJug;ghiy vd;w ehd;F
,ir Kiwfs; ,Ue;jd.
5.
Vl;L Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jt nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Vl;Lr; Rtbfspy; rpj;j kUj;Jtr; nra;jpfs; nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
6.
gl;l gfypNy ghtyh;fF
; Njhd;Wfpw nel;il fdT
gl;lg; gfypNy ghtyh;fF
; j; Njhd;Wfpw nel;ilf; fdT
7.
gjpf fpstp gy;tif nghUis njhFjpahf nrhy;Yjy; Mk;.
gjpff; fpstp gy;tifg; nghUisj; njhFjpahfr; nrhy;Yjy; Mk;.
8.
fs;thh;f;F js;Sk; caph;epiy fs;shh;f;F js;shJ Gj;Njs; cyF
fs;thh;f;Fj; js;Sk; caph;epiy fs;shh;f;Fj; js;shJ Gj;Njs; cyF.
9.
NjUis Gutp thuz njhFjp jpiwfs; nfhz;L tUk; kd;d.
NjUisg;Gutp thuzj; njhFjp jpiwfs; nfhz;L tUk; kd;d.
10.
njhd; %jhyj;J nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h; Nfhrh;
njhd; %jhyj;Jg;nghjpapy; Njhd;wpa ehY}h;f; Nfhrh;.
11.
gilg;G gy gilj;J gyNuhLz;Zk; nry;tk;
gilg;Gg; gy gilj;Jg; gyNuhLz;Zk; nry;tk;.

42

12.

mwpT FiwT> ftd FiwT> jpwik FiwT> Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jf;fs;

cz;lhfpd;wd.
mwpTf;FiwT> ftdf;FiwT> jpwikf; FiwT Mfpatw;why; tpgj;Jf;fs;
cz;lhfpd;wd.

13.

Cl;l rj;J Fiwthy; fU nfhz;ljha; FiwNgw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;.

Cl;lr; rj;Jf; Fiwthy; fUf;nfhz;l jha; Fiwg;Ngw;Wf;F Mshfyhk;.
ghljpl;lj;jpy; FkugUt rpf;fy;fis jPh;f;Fk; cstpaw; fl;Liufis Nrh;f;f
Ntz;Lk;.
ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Fkug;gUtr;rpf;fy;fisj; jPh;f;Fk; cstpaw; fl;Liufisr; Nrh;f;f
Ntz;Lk;.
Nghij gof;fj;jhy; Crpfis gfph;e;J nfhs;SjYk; va;l]
; ; Neha;f;F fhuzk;
MFk;.
Nghijg;gof;fj;jhy; Crpfisg; gfph;e;J nfhs;SjYk; va;l]
; ; Neha;f;Ff; fhuzk;
MFk;.
czT nghUs; ju Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;R fhshd; cz;lhfp
nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ.
czTg; nghUs; juf;Fiwthf tpw;fg;gLtjhy; er;Rf; fhshd; cz;lhfpr;
nrhpkhdk; FiwfpwJ.
nry;t rpWkPh;fhs;! ePuhl NghJtPh;! vd;whs;. Nfhij
nry;tr; rpWkPh;fhs;! ePuhlg;NghJtPh; ;! vd;whs;> Nfhij.
nte;ja nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;f G+f;fs;
nte;jar; nrbfspd; Nky; kpd;dpLk; jq;fg;G+f;fs;.
nfhj;jp jphpAk; me;j Nfhop.
nfhj;jpj;jphpAk; me;jf;Nfhop.
fpl;l Nghdhy; Kl;l gif
fpl;lg;Nghdhy; Kl;lg;gif
rhiug;ghk;G FUtp $l;by; Eioe;jJ
rhiug;ghk;G FUtpf; $l;by; Eioe;jJ.

14.

15.

16.

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Mrphpah; elj;jh ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;j Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy.

Mrphpah; elj;jhg; ghlj;jpypUe;J ve;jf; Nfs;tpAk; tutpy;iy
Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyhgFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOj njhpatpy;iy.
Nfs;tpfs; khzth; gapyhg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jjhy; vOjj; njhpatpy;iy.
vijAk; vOjp gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vdf;F nrhd;dhh;.
vijAk; vOjpg; gof Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhh;.
me;j rpWtd; ve;j gs;spapy; gbj;J rpwe;jhd;?
me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr; rpwe;jhd;.
Xl fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;f fhz;gJ Nahfpah; cs;sk;.
Xlf; fhz;gJ nts;sk;> xLq;ff; fhz;gJ Nahfpah; cs;sk;.
thiog; goj;ij jpd;wgpd; Njhiy rhiyapy; NghlhJ Fg;ig $ilapy; NghL.
thiog;goj;ijj; jpd;w gpd; Njhiyr; rhiyapy; NghlhJ Fg;igf; $ilapy; NghL.
tpiuthf nry;> tz;b tu NghfpwJ.
tpiuthfr; nry;>tz;b tug;NghfpwJ.
,e;j Xtpaj;jpy; mike;j tz;z nrwpTk; Xtpa nghypTk; ek;ik fth;fpd;wd.
,e;j Xtpaj;jpy; mike;j tz;zr; nrwpTk; Xtpag; nghypTk; ek;ikf; fth;fpd;wd.
,g;gb nrhd;dhy; vg;gb GhpAnkd njhpatpy;iy.
,g;gbr; nrhd;dhy; vg;gbg; GhpAnkdj; njhpatpy;iy.
43

ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;Lk; ePf;fpAk; vOJjy;

1.

2.

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

nrk;gpad; khNjtpg; Nghd;w Nrho Nguurpah; nrg;G jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gij

jk; flik vd fUjpdh; NghYk;.
nrk;gpad; khNjtp - Nghd;w Nrhog; Nguurpah; nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gijj;
jk; flik vdf; fUjpdh; NghYk;.
rPj;jiy rhj;jd; vd;wg; Gyth;g; ngUkhd; jdJ fhg;gpaj;jpw;F kzpNkfiyj;
JwT vd;Nwg; ngahpl;lhh;.
rPj;jiyr; rhj;jd; vd;w - Gyth; - ngUkhd; jdJ fhg;gpaj;jpw;F kzpNkfiyJwT vd;Nw - ngahpl;lhh;.
gpj;jh; nrhd;dTk; Ngijah;r; nrhd;dTk; gj;jh;r; nrhd;dTk; gd;dngWgNth
vd;whh;f; fk;gh;.
gpj;jh; nrhd;dTk; Ngijah; - nrhd;dTk; gj;jh;- nrhd;dTk; gd;dg; ngWgNth
vd;whh;- fk;gh;.
Ntl;Lt ngz;fs; tpisahl NghtJz;L vd;Wr; rQ;rPtp gh;tjr;rhuy; ghLfpwJ.
Ntl;Ltg; ngz;fs; tpisahlg; NghtJz;L vd;W - rQ;rt
P p gh;tjr; rhuy; ghLfpwJ.
ghQ;rhypf; fz;zidg; ghh;j;Jf; fz;zhf; fhg;gha; vd;W $wpdhs;.
ghQ;rhyp - fz;zidg; ghh;j;Jf; fz;zh - fhg;gha; vd;W $wpdhs;.
tho;fj; jkpo; vd;W mtdhr; nrhd;dhd; mwpe;Jr; nrhy; vdf;F.
tho;f - jkpo; vd;W mtdh -nrhd;dhd; mwpe;J - nrhy; vdf;F.
ePNuhr; NrhNwh vJf;fpilj;jhYk; cz;Lr;nry;Ntd;.
ePNuh - NrhNwh vJ - fpilj;jhYk; cz;L- nry;Ntd;.
fgpy guzh; tsh;gpiw xspapy; RLr;NrhWk; fha;f;fwpAk; cz;ldh;.
fgpy guzh; tsh;gpiw xspapy; RL- NrhWk; fha; - fwpAk; cz;ldh;.
NrhWf; nfhjpf;fpwJ Nghj;jk;gp mLg;igf; Fiw vd;wTld; nrd;Wg; ghh;j;jhd;.
NrhW - nfhjpf;fpwJ Ngh- jk;gp mLg;igf; Fiw vd;wTld; nrd;W - ghh;j;jhd;.
vd;NdhLg; Nghe;j ,sq;nfhb eq;if
vd;NdhL - Nghe;j ,sq;nfhb eq;if.
tpbf;fhiy Ntis RLr;NrhW Mf;fpg; ghpkhwf; $Lkh?
tpb - fhiy Ntis RL - NrhW Mf;fpg; ghpkhwf; $Lkh?
ntz;zpyhf; fyf;fyntd;Wr;rphpj;;jhs;
ntz;zpyh - fy - fy ntd;W rphpj;jhs;
FGf;FGntd;Wg;; Gif kz;byk; #o;e;jJ.
FG- FG ntd;W - Gif kz;byk; #o;e;jJ.
Jwtpf; FbYf;Fs; te;jr; rpwth; ,uz;Lg; Ngh;.
Jwtp - FbYf;Fs; te;j - rpWth; ,uz;L -Ngh;.
itf;Nfhiyj; Njb te;jf; fhis XbaJ.
itf;Nfhiyj;Njb te;j - fhis XbaJ.

gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJjy;

1.

2.

= khd; t.c.rpjk;guk; gps;isapd; ehk fuzj;ij ,e;jf;fg;gYf;Fr;

#l;Ltjpy; ]e;Njh~kilfpNwd;. vd;whh; %jwpQh; ,uh[h[p.
jpUthsh; t.c.rpjk;guk; gps;isapd; ngaiu ,e;jf; fg;gYf;Fr; #l;Ltjpy;
kfpo;r;rp milfpNwd; vd;whh; %jwpQh; ,uhrhrp.
b.tp.apy; rPhpay; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; iy/Ng Nghh; mbj;JtpLk;; vd;fpwhs; ghl;b.
njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; njhlh;fisg; ghh;f;fhtpl;lhy; tho;f;ifNa ntWj;JtpLk;
vd;fpwhs; ghl;b.
44

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

16.

,e;j nrQ;Rhp nld;~d; epiwe;jJ.

,e;j w;whz;L kdmOj;jk; epiwe;jJ.
];ypk;khf ,Ug;gNj gpA+l;b vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ.
cly; nkypthf ,Ug;gNj moF vd;w vz;zk; gutp tUfpwJ.
ek];fhuk; vd;W rh];lhq;fkhf tpOe;jtid Mrph;tjpj;Njd;.
tzf;fk; vd;W neLQ;rhz; fpilahf tpOe;jtid tho;j;jpNdd;.
gpuahzp gpuahzj;ij uj;J nra;jTld; &gha; gl;L thlh nra;ag;gl;lJ.
gazp gazj;ij tpyf;fpaTld; gzk; jpUk;gf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
nry;tDf;Fk; fps;isf;Fk; jyh Ie;J G];jfk; nfhL.
nry;td;> fps;is Mfpa xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Ie;J Gj;jfq;fs; nfhL.
FwpQ;rp jhf;fy; nra;j tof;F R%fkhfg; igry; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
FwpQ;rp njhLj;j tof;F ey;y Kiwapy; Kbf;fg; ngw;wJ.
re;epjpapy; rfy [dq;fSk; cge;epahrk; Nfl;fj; jpuz;bUe;jdh;.
Nfhtpypy; kf;fs; midtUk; Md;kPf ciu Nfl;fj; jpuz;bUe;jdh;.
ge;J kpj;jpuh; rfpjk; te;J MrPh;tjpf;ff; NfhUfpNwd;.
cwtpdh;> ez;gh;fSld; te;J tho;j;jpl Ntz;LfpNwd;.
vd; Vf Gjy;tdpd; [hdthrj;jpw;Fr; rfyUk; tuZk;.
vd; xNu kfdpd; khg;gps;is miog;gpw;F midtUk; tuNtz;Lk;.
= uq;fj;jpy; ];thkp = uq;fehjh;Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;shh;.
jpUtuq;fj;jpy; ,iwtd; jpUtuq;f ehjh; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;shh;.
= uq;fj;jpy; = uq;fehjUf;Ff; Fk;ghgpN~fk; eilngw cs;sJ.
jpUtuq;fj;jpy; jpUtuq;f ehjUf;Ff; FlKOf;F eilngw cs;sJ.
ehd; nra;j jtWf;F rfy [dq;fSk; vd;id ~kpj;jUs Ntz;Lk;.
ehd; nra;j jtWf;F kf;fs; midtUk; vd;id kd;dpj;jUs Ntz;Lk;.
tPf;fhd vd; Md;l;b nu];l; vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W `hh;l; ];ng~yp];l;
ml;it]; $wpdhh;.
clyeyk; Fiwe;j vd; mj;ij Xa;T vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,jatpay;
ty;Yeh; mwpTiu $wpdhh.;
lahngl;bf; Ng~z;l; ];tPl; rhg;gpLtij ];lhg; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
ePhpopT Nehahsp ,dpg;G rhg;gpLtij epWj;jk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.;

nfhr;irr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJjy;

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

mg;gprp khrk; mlks ,k;ghq;f

Ig;grp khjk; milkio vd;ghh;fs;.
Nfhsp Kl;il jhthuj;jpy; cUz;lJ.
Nfhop Kl;il jho;thuj;jpy; cUz;lJ.
ntbaq;fhl;bAk; ntj;jpiy NghlwJ xU gsf;fkh?
tpbtjw;Fs; ntw;wpiy NghLtJ xU gof;fkh?
xUj;jd; xz;baha;g; Nghdhy; mJ Ch;Nfhykh?
xUtd; xd;wpaha;g; Nghdhy; mJ Ch;tyk; MFkh?
nfhLj;j Nrjpiaf; Nfhh;itaha;g; NgR
nfhLj;j nra;jpiaf; Nfhitaha;g; NgR.
NrhW jpd;W> gok; cz;L> ghy; rhg;gpl;Lg; gLj;jhd;.
NrhW cz;L> gok; jpd;W> ghy; gUfpg; gLj;jhd;.
Mj;jq;fiuapy; mQ;R fhzp eQ;ir epyk; ,Uf;F.
Mw;wq;fiuapy; Ie;J fhzp ed;nra; epyk; cs;sJ.
tyJ gf;fr; Rtw;wpy; vOjhNj
tyg;gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj
eQ;irAk; GQ;irAk; fhQ;rp Nghapd.
ed;nra;Ak; Gd;nra;Ak; fha;e;J Nghapd.
mz;zhf; fapW mWe;jJ.
miuQhz; fapW mWe;jJ.
45

thf;fpag;gpiofisj; jpUj;Jjy;
gpio
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

jpUj;jk;

tz;bfs; XlhJ
tz;bfs; Xlh
mit ,q;Nf csJ
mit ,q;Nf cs
mJ vy;yhk;
mit vy;yhk;
kf;fs; fpilahJ
kf;fs; ,y;iy
tUtJk;NghtJk; fpilahJ
tUtJk; NghtJk; fpilah
xd;Nwh my;yJ ,uz;Nlh jUf- xd;Nwh ,uz;Nlh jUf
nrd;id vd;w efuk;
nrd;id vd;Dk; efuk;
vdJ kfd;
vd; kfd;
Vw;fj; jf;fJ my;y
Vw;fj; jf;fJ md;W
mtsJ je;ij
mts; je;ij
Gyp te;jd
Gyp te;jJ
vUJfs; XbaJ
vUJfs; Xbd
G+f;fs; kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpaJ
G+f;fs; kyh;e;J kzk; tPrpd
,q;Fs;sJ vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs,q;Fs;sit vy;yhk; ey;y goq;fNs
vdf;Fg; gy tPLfs;cs
vdf;F tPLfs; gy cs;sd
,J nghJ top my;y
,J nghJ top md;W
tpohtpy; gy mwpQh; Ngrpdh;
tpohtpy; mwpQh; gyh; Ngrpdh;
njd;wy; nky;y tPrpd
njd;wy; nky;y tPrpaJ
thfdj;ij ,lJ gf;fk; jpUg;ghNjthfdj;ij ,lg;gf;fk; jpUg;ghNj
gj;J goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;ydgj;Jg; goq;fspy; xU goNk ey;yJ
tyJ gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj
tyg;gf;fr; Rthpy; vOjhNj
xt;nthU rpw;W}h;fspYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ.
xt;nthU rpw;W}hpYk; Cuhl;rp cs;sJ.
khzth;fs; fy;tpawpT xOf;fj;jpw; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.
khzth;fs; fy;tpawptpYk;> xOf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.
mth; jhd; $wpdhh; ,th; jhd; $wpdhh; vd;W ghuhJ vth; jhd; $wpdhYk;
nka;g;nghUs; fhz;fmth;jhk; $wpdhh; ,th;jhk; $wpdhh; vd;W ghuhJ vth;jhk; $wpdhYk; nka;g;nghUs;
fhz;f.
ey;yitfSk; nfl;litfSk; gj;jphpf;iffspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.
ey;ydTk;> nfl;ldTk; gj;jphpf;iffspy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wd.
fz;zd; KUfd; kw;Wk; Ntyd; te;jdh;.
fz;zd;> KUfd;> Ntyd; MfpNahh; te;jdh;.
nrd;idf;F mUfhikapy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhp my;y.
nrd;idf;F mUfpy; ,Ug;gJ fd;dpahFkhp md;W.
jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whh;.
jiytp jiytNdhL nrd;whs;.
,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yth?
,jidr; nra;jth; ,tuy;yNuh?
nghpaJk; rpwpaJkhd rhkhd;fisr; nra;fpwhh;fs;.
nghpadTk;> rpwpadTkhd rhkhd;fisr; nra;fpwhh;fs;.

46

kuG t*cr;nrhw;fis ePf;fp vOJjy;

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

fhfk; $Tk;> eha; fj;Jk;

fhfk; fiuAk;> eha; Fiuf;Fk;
fhl;y ahid fj;jpaJ> Gyp $tpaJ
fhl;by; ahid gpspwpaJ> Gyp cWkpaJ
ePhpd;wp eQ;irAk;> GQ;irAk; tpisatpy;iy
ePhpd;wp ed;nra;Ak;> Gd;nra;Ak; tpisatpy;iy
ahid Nka;g;gNdhL Ml;Lg; ghfDk; te;jhd;
ahidg; ghfNdhL Ml;L ,ilaDk; te;jhd;
fUk;Gj; Njhg;Gf;F mUfhikapy; eha; fj;jpaJ
fUk;Gf; nfhy;iyf;F mUfpy; eha; Fiuj;jJ.
kapy; $t> Fapy; mft> fpsp ghbaJ
kapy; mft> Fapy $t> fpsp NgrpaJ
Njapiyj;Njhg;Gf;F mUfpy; gyhj; Njhl;lk; cs;sJ.
Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpw;F mUfpy; gyhj; Njhg;G cs;sJ.
Nrhsf;fhL - Myq;nfhy;iy
Nrhsf; nfhy;iy - Myq;fhL
Fjpiuj; njhOtk; - ahid nfhl;by;
Fjpiuf;nfhl;by; - ahidf; $lk;
Njhl;lj;jpy; thior;nrbAk; khQ;nrbAk; el;ldh;.
Njhl;lj;jpy; thiof; fd;Wk;> khq;fd;Wk; el;ldh;.

jkpohf;fk; jUf
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

A Friend in need is friend in deed

Mgj;jpy; cjTgtNd cz;ikahd ez;gd;
A Little Knowledge is dangerous
miuFiw mwpT Mgj;jhdJ.
A penny saved is a penny gained
rpWJsp ngUnts;sk;
A young calf knows not fear
,sq;fd;W gakwpahJ
A man of courage never want weapons
ty;ytDf;Fg; Gy;Yk; MAjk;
Do not add fuel to the flame
vhpfpw neUg;gpy; vz;nza; Cw;whNj
All covet all loss (or) Covet all lose all
Nguhir ngUel;lk;
All that glitters is not gold
kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y
Art is long and the life is short
fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs; rpy
As is the king so are his subjects
murd; vt;topNah kf;fs; mt;top
A young thing is easier twisted that an old tree.
Ie;jpy; tisahjJ Ik;gjpy; tisAkh?
A calm before a storm
Gyp gJq;FtJ gha;tjw;fhfj; jhd; (m) GaYf;F Kd; mikjp.
A crying child will get milk
47

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

mOfpw gps;is ghy; Fbf;Fk;

Barking dogs seldom bite
Fiuf;fpw eha; fbf;fhJ
Birds of the same feather flock together
,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk;
Blood is thikcker than water.
jhdhlh tpl;lhYk; jd; jir MLk;
Child is the father of the man
tpisAk; gaph; KisapNy njhpAk;
Cast no pearls before swine
fOijf;Fj; njhpAkh fw;G+u thrid?
Delay is dangerous
fhy jhkjk; Mgj;jhdJ
Dimond cuts dimond
Ks;is Ks;shy; vL
Distance lends enchantment to the view
,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir
Diligence is the mother of good luck
Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk;
Eagles dont catch flies
Gyp grpj;jhYk; Gy;iyj; jpd;dhJ
East or west home is best
vyp tisahdhYk; jdptis Ntz;Lk;
Empty vessels make much noise
Fiw Flk; $j;jhLk;
Every tide has its ebb.
rhz; Vwpdhy; Kok; rWf;Fk;.
Every homer some times nods
Midf;Fk; mb rWf;Fk;.
Face is the index of the mind
mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; njhpAk.;
Familiarity breeds contempt
gofg;gofg; ghYk; Gspf;Fk.;
Failure is the stepping stone to success
Njhy;tpNa ntw;wpf;F Kjy;gb.
First deserve than desire
Kltd; nfhk;Gj; NjDf;F Mirg;glyhkh?
God is love
md;Ng flTs.;
Honesty is the best Policy
Neh;ikNa rpwe;j nfhs;if.
Haste makes waste
gjwpa fhhpak; rpjWk;
Knowledge is Power
mwpNt Mw;wy;
Idleness is the root of all evils
Nrhk;gNy vy;yhj; Jd;gq;fSf;Fk; mbg;gil.
Look before you leap
Mok; mwpahky; fhiy tplhNj
Money makes many things
gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;
Make hay while the sun shines
fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs;
48

BLUE PRINT
SUBJECT : ENGLISH
CLASS : XII

UNIT / PAPER I
S.
N
o

OBJECTI
VES
Form of
Question
s
Units/
Sub Units
Section A

Section B

Section C

Knowledge(Vocabulary
Writing, Reading, Study
Skills)

E/LA

SA

10(10)

10(10)

Comprehensive
(Reading ,Study Skills,
Occupational,
Competency & Writing)

Expression (Creatives,
Strategic Competancy
and Writing)

E/LA

E/LA

SA

VSA

SA

2(5)

3(5)

3(5)

4(5)

VSA

Total

10(10)

30(20)

12(15)

20(15)

5(5)
3(5)

10(5)

(ii)
Section D
(i)

VSA

TIME : 3 HOURS

8(5)

(i)

MAXIMUM MARKS: 100

2(1)

1(1)

2(1)

5(1)

5(1)

2(1)

3(1)

10(1)

(ii)
Section E
3(9)

3(9)

3(9)

(i)
3(2)
(ii)

1(2)

3(1)

2(2)

1(1)

9(9)

1(1)

6(2)
5(1)

(iii)
TOTAL

10

26

10

10

28

100(59)

BLUE PRINT
SUBJECT : ENGLISH
CLASS : XII

UNIT / PAPER II
S.No OBJECTIVES
Form of Questions
Units/Sub Units
1

Section A Qn.No.
1-12

Section B Qn.No.
13-22
Section C Qn.No.
23-24
Section D Qn.No.
25-26
Section E Qn.No.
27-36
Section F Qn.No.
37-39
TOTAL

3
4
5
6

MAXIMUM MARKS: 80
Knowledge(Vocabulary
Writing, Reading, Study
Skills)
E/LA SA
VSA
O
7(1)

TIME : 3 HOURS

Comprehensive (Reading,
Study Skills, Occupational,
Competency & Writing)
E/LA SA
VSA
O

3(5)

5(1)

2(5)

Expression (Creatives,
Strategic Competancy and
Writing)
E/LA SA
VSA
O
3(1)

2(5)
4(10)

6(10)
6(2)

4(2)

4(10)

10

5(10)

15
15

3(1)

3(1)
19

5
10

2(1)
-

25

6(10)

5(1)
18

3(5)

5(2)
2(1)

Total

11

10
11

80

Definite Scoring
Njh;r;rpngWtjw;fhd vspa topKiwfs;

Fwpg;G:

fPo;f;fz;l tpdhf;fSf;Fhpa tpilfis gapw;rp fl;lfj;jpypUe;J

ed;F gapw;rp nra;jhy; Njh;r;rp ngWtJ cWjp.

ENGLISH Paper I

ENGLISH Paper II

01-05 Synonyms
06-10 Antonyms

02/05
03/05

Rearranging
Choosing the best options
Comprehension
I D (12) Non-Detailed Essay
II A (13 17) Questions
Error Spotting

02/05
02/05
02/05
03/10
04/10
02/05

LEXICAL COMPETENCIES
11) Plurals

12/ 20
01/02

13) Abbreviation
15) Blending

01/02
01/02

III A (23) Summary

III B (24) Responding to Advt

03/05
06/10

16) Syllabification
18) Brit. & American English

02/02
01/02

IV A (25) Non Lexical

IV B Guiding a Person/ Road Map
Matching
General Essay (Mere Attempt)

02/02
01/03
06/10
03/10

20) Prefix & Suffix

21) Compound Word (Formation)

01/02
01/02

23) Clipping
II A Modals/ Semi Modals
Relative Pronoun

01/02
01/02
01/02

Julius Caesar : Essay / Paragraph

The Ceaseless Crusader : Essay /
Paragraph
Field Identification (Q No. 39-43)
31) Sentence Pattern
32) Kind of Passive Voice
IV B (61 63) Poetic Devices
IV C (64 - 66) ERC
Poem Paragraph (Unit 1 & 2)

05/15

Total

45/100

Total

I PAPER - 45/100
II PAPER - 36/80
----------81/180
-----------

03/05
01/01
01/01
03/03
02/06
02/05

36/80

Mq;fpyj;jpy; Njh;r;rp kjpg;ngz;fs; ngWtJ (Fiwe;jgl;rk; 81 kjpg;ngz;fs;) kpf kpf

vspJ. ,jw;F khzth;fs; gpd;gw;wNtz;ba tit fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

English Paper I
1. 1-5 tpdhf;fSf;F (Synonym) xt;nthU ghlj;jpw;F gpd;dhy; cs;s gapw;rp tpdhf;fis
Kiwahf gapw;rp nra;jhNy NghJk;.
2. ,NjNghy 6-10 tpdhf;fSf;F (Antonym) xt;nthU ghlj;jpw;F gpd;dhy; cs;s gapw;rp
tpdhf;fis Kiwahf gapw;rp nra;jhNy NghJk;.
3. 11-23 tpdhf;fs; tiu ,g;gapw;rp fl;lfj;ij ed;F fw;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; Plural ,
Homophones , Syllabification , Blending words , Framing compound words kw;Wk; Clipped
words Mfpa tpdhf;fspy; khzth;fs; vspjhf kjpg;ngz;fis ngwyhk;.
Grammar part
Modal verb tpdhtpw;F 'should' my;yJ 'must' vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Semi Modal / Quasi Modal tpdhtpw;F ____w;FgpwF not ,Ue;jhy; need vd;W tpil
vOj Ntz;Lk;.
How w;F gf;fj;jpy; ____ ,Ue;jhy; dare vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Correct tense form tpdhtpw;F bracket y; cs;s verb cld; s Nrh;ff
; Ntz;Lk;. Burst /
read vd;wpUe;jhy; mij mg;gbNa tpilahf vOj Ntz;Lk;.
If y; Muk;gpj;J bracket y; be vd;W ,Ue;jhy; were vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Phrase / Preposition tpdhtpw;F inspite of / despite vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Type of Passive voice tpdhtpy; by vd;W ,Ue;jhy; personal passive voice vd;Wk; by
,y;iy vd;why; impersonal passive voice vd;Wk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.
35 tJ tpdhtpw;F if I ePff
; ptpl;L should / had / were vd;W Muk;gpj;J mLj;J
Subject ( I, She , He,You,We) Mfpatw;wpy; xd;iw vOjp kPjk; cs;s thf;fpaj;ij
mg;gbNa vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Relative Field tpdhtpy; epr;rakhf Computer , Sports , Science , Commerce Mfpa
Jiwfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,jw;F khzth;fs; vspjhf tpilaspf;fyhk;.
Comprehension

tpdhtpw;F

tpdhtpy;

cs;s

Keyword

itj;Nj

tpilia

fz;Lgpbj;Jtplyhk;.
PROSE Part
Prose paragraph and Essay tpdhtpw;F Kjy; 2 ghlq;fis ed;F gbj;jhNy
Fiwe;jgl;rk; KiwNa 2 kw;Wk; 5 kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf ngw KbAk;.
4

Poetry Part
Figure of Speech y; As / like ,Ue;jhy; Simile vd;Wk; As / like ,y;iy vd;why;
Metaphor vd;Wk; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Poem paragraph tpdhtpw;F Kjy; 2 Poem fis ed;F gbj;jhNy Fiwe;jgl;rk;
2 Kjy; 3 kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf ngw KbAk;.

English Paper II
Kjy; tpdhtpw;F nkhj;jk; 6 thf;fpaq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,jpy; Kjy; kw;Wk;
filrp thf;fpaq;fis mg;gbNa order khw;whky; vOjpdhy; 1 kjpg;ngz; epr;rakhf
ngwyhk;.
2 Kjy; 6 tiuapyhd tpdhf;fSf;F ,g;gapw;rp fl;lfj;jpy; cs;s tpdhf;fis gapw;rp
nra;jhNy NghJkhdJ.
Kjy; 3 Jizg;ghl fl;Liufis ed;F gapd;why; 12 tJ tpdhtpw;F Fiwe;jgl;rk; 3
Kjy; 5 kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf ngw KbAk;.
Study skills tpdhf;fSf;F ,g;gapw;rp fl;lfj;jpy; cs;s tpdhf;fis gapw;rp nra;jhNy
NghJkhdJ.
23 tJ tpdhtpw;F Rough Draft I vOjp ,lkpUe;J tykhf FWf;Nf ngd;rpyhy;
mbj;JtplNtz;Lk;. Fair Draft I njspthd ifnaOj;jpy; mofhf vOj Ntz;Lk;.
nghUj;jkhd jiyg;ig vOj Ntz;Lk;.
24 tJ tpdhtpw;F ,g;gapw;rp fl;lfj;jpy; cs;s patternI gapw;rp nra;jhy; 4 Kjy; 5
kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf ngw KbAk;.
25 tJ tpdhtpw;F Er kwWk; mmm vd;w Answer I vOj Ntz;Lk;.
26 Kjy; 38 tiuapyhd tpdhf;fSf;F ,g;gapw;rp fl;lfj;jpy; cs;s tpdhf;fis
gapw;rp nra;jhy; ey;y kjpg;ngz;fis ngw KbAk;.
Mq;fpyj;jpy; Njh;r;rp kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw (Fiwe;jgl;rk; 81 kjpg;ngz;fs;) vOjp
ghh;g;gJ kpf kpf mtrpak;. vdNt khzth;fs; ,g;gapw;rp fl;lfj;ij ed;F fw;W vOjp
gapd;why; Njh;r;rp ngWtJ cWjp.

mjpfgl;r kjpg;ngz; ngWtjw;fhd topKiwfs;

Areas to be more concentrated to get maximum marks

PAPER- I

PAPER- II

Idioms

Rearranging the jumbled sentences

Homophones

in the form of Paragraph

Parts of speech

Global Comprehension

Phrasal Verbs(Optional)

Non detailed essay with

Tenses

sub-headings and quotations

Relative Pronouns

Study Skills Q & A

Linkers

Error Spotting

Reporting the dialogue

Summarizing the given paragraph

Comprehension

meaningfully

Prose : Paragraph and Essay

Responding to advertisement with

proper pattern

Poem Appreciation Questions

Poem ERC

General Essay with sub-headings

Poem Paragraph

and quotations

Mq;fpyj;jpy; mjpf kjpg;ngz;fs; ngWtJ (Fiwe;jgl;rk; 190 kjpg;ngz;fs;) kpf kpf

vspJ. ,jw;F khzth;fs; gpd;gw;wNtz;bait fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

English Paper I

1-5 tpdhf;fSf;F (Synonym) xt;nthU ghlj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy; cs;s gapw;rp tpdhf;fSk;

Glossary Sectiony; nfhLf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijfisAk; Kiwahf gapw;rp nra;jhNy NghJk;.

,NjNghy 6-10 tpdhf;fSf;F (Antonym) xt;nthU ghlj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhy; cs;s gapw;rp

tpdhf;fisAk; ,Jtiu nghJj;Njh;tpy; (khh;r; 2006 Kjy; mf;Nlhgh; 2015 tiu)
Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fis Kiwahf gapw;rp nra;jhNy NghJk;.

11-23 tpdhf;fs; tiuapyhd tpdhf;fSf;Fg; Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s midj;J gapw;rpfisAk;

,Jtiu nghJj;Njh;tpy; (khh;r; 2006 Kjy; mf;Nlhgh; 2015 tiu)

Nfl;fg;gl;l

tpdhf;fisAk; Kiwahfg; gapw;rp nra;jhNy NghJk;.

Grammar Part

Modal verb tpdhtpw;Ff; fl;lhak; kw;Wk; flikiaf; Fwpf;Fk; thf;fpaq;fSf;F

'should' my;yJ 'must' vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. KbAk; vd;w mh;j;jj;ij cila
thf;fpaq;fSf;F 'can' vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; like , rather , mind Nghd;w
thh;j;ijfs; tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; would vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;. mDkjp
kw;Wk; Ntz;LNfhs; njhlh;ghd tpdhf;fSf;F may vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Semi Modal / Quasi Modal tpdhtpy; ____w;FgpwF not ,Ue;jhy; need vd;W tpil
vOj Ntz;Lk;.

fl;lhak; kw;Wk; flikia Fwpf;Fk; thf;fpaq;fSf;F ought to vd;W tpil vOj

Ntz;Lk;.

When kw;Wk; While Nghd;w thh;j;ijfs; tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy;

Used to

vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.

How w;F gf;fj;jpy; ____ ,Ue;jhy; dare vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Correct tense form tpdhtpw;F bracket y; cs;s verb cld; 's' Nrh;ff
; Ntz;Lk;. Burst /
read vd;wpUe;jhy; mij mg;gbNa tpilahf vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Since / For vd;wpUe;jhy; have been my;yJ has been + verb + ing vOj Ntz;Lk;.

If y; Muk;gpj;J bracket y; be vd;W ,Ue;jhy; were vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.

7

Phrase / Preposition tpdhtpw;F inspite of / despite vd;W tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Type of Passive Voice tpdhtpy; by vd;W ,Ue;jhy; personal passive voice vd;Wk; by
,y;iy vd;why; impersonal passive voice vd;Wk; tpil vOj Ntz;Lk;.

34 tJ tpdhtpw;F ,Jtiu nghJj;Njh;tpy; (khh;r; 2006 Kjy; mf;Nlhgh; 2015 tiu)

Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fismbf;fb gapw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

35 tJ tpdhtpw;F if I ePf;fptpl;L should / had / were vd;W vOjp me;j thf;fpaj;ij

khw;whky; mg;gbNa vOj Ntz;Lk;.

Example: If it were not for the expenses involved I would go by air.

Were it not for the .by air.

36 Kjy; 38 tiuapyhd tpdhf;fSf;F ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpy; 294 Kjy; 297 tiuapyhd

gapw;rpfis Kiwahf nra;jhy; 6 kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf ngwyhk;.

Relative Field tpdhtpy; epr;rakhf Computer , Sports , Science , Commerce Mfpa

Jiwfs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,jw;F khzth;fs; vspjhf tpilaspf;fyhk;. ,Jtiu
nghJj;Njh;tpy; (khh;r; 2006 Kjy; mf;Nlhgh; 2015 tiu) Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fismbf;fb
gapw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

Comprehension tpdhtpw;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpia ed;F gbj;J nghUis czh;e;jhy;

tpdhtpy; cs;s Keyword I itj;Nj tpilia fz;Lgpbj;Jtplyhk;.

Prose paragraph and Essay tpdhtpw;F ghlj;jpd; KO gFjpiaAk; jFe;j Quotationfis

Nrh;j;J vOjpdhy; 8 Kjy; 9 kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf ngw KbAk;.

Figure of Speechy; As / like ,Ue;jhy; Simile vd;Wk; As / like ,y;iy vd;why;

Metaphor vd;Wk; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
Poetry Part

Poem paragraph tpdhtpw;F jFe;j Poetic lines fis Nrh;j;J vOjpdhy; 4 Kjy; 5
kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf ngw KbAk;.

English Paper II
Kjy; tpdhtpw;F nkhj;jk; 6 thf;fpaq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,jpy; Kjy; kw;Wk;
filrp thf;fpaq;fis mg;gbNa order khw;whky; vOjpdhy; 1 kjpg;ngz; epr;rakhf
ngwyhk;. Jizg;ghlg; gFjpapy; cs;s fijfis ed;F Ghpe;Jnfhz;lhNy
,t;tpdhtpw;F tpilaspf;fyhk;.
2 Kjy; 6 tiuapyhd tpdhf;fSf;F xt;nthU Jizg;ghlj;jpw;F gpd;dhy; cs;s gapw;rp
tpdhf;fisAk; ,Jtiu nghJj;Njh;tpy; (khh;r; 2006 Kjy; mf;Nlhgh; 2015 tiu)
Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fis Kiwahf gapw;rp nra;jhNy NghJk;.
12 tJ tpdhtpw;F Jizg;ghl fl;Liufis ed;F gapd;W jFe;j Quotation fis
Nrh;j;J vOjpdhy; 8 Kjy; 9 kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf ngw KbAk;. fl;Liuapd; Kbtpy;
Moral vOJtJ rhyr;rpwe;jJ.
Study Skills tpdhf;fSf;F ,Jtiu nghJj;Njh;tpy; (khh;r; 2006 Kjy; mf;Nlhgh; 2015
tiu) Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fis Kiwahf gapw;rp nra;jhNy NghJk;.
23 tJ tpdhtpw;F Rough Draft I vOjp ,lkpUe;J tykhf FWf;Nf ngd;rpyhy;
mbj;JtplNtz;Lk;. Fair Draft I njspthd ifnaOj;jpy; mofhf vOj Ntz;Lk;.
nghUj;jkhd jiyg;ig vOj Ntz;Lk;.
24 tJ tpdhtpw;F Kiwahd pattern I gapw;rp nra;jhy; KO kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf
ngw KbAk;.
25 tJ tpdhtpw;F Er kwWk; mmm vd;w Answer I vOj Ntz;Lk;.
26 Kjy; 36 tiuapyhd tpdhf;fSf;F ,Jtiu nghJj;Njh;tpy; (khh;r; 2006 Kjy;
mf;Nlhgh; 2015 tiu) Nfl;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fis Kiwahf gapw;rp nra;jhNy NghJk;.
37 Kjy; 39 tiuapyhd nghJf;fl;Liu tpdhf;fSf;F gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfis Rakhf
jahh; nra;J jFe;j Quotationfis Nrh;j;J vOjpdhy; 8 Kjy; 9 kjpg;ngz;fis vspjhf
ngw KbAk;.
My Ambition in Life, Computer, Pollution, Rain Water Harvesting,
Media Advantages and Disadvantages, AIDS Awareness, Role of Women in Modern
India Mfpa fl;Liufs; nghJj;Njh;tpy; mbf;fb Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mq;fpyj;jpy; mjpf kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw (Fiwe;jgl;rk; 190 kjpg;ngz;fs;) vOjpg; ghh;g;gJ
kpf kpf mtrpak;. ifnaOj;J kpf kpf njspthfTk; mofhfTk; gpioapd;wp ,Uj;jy;
mtrpak;.
9

+2 ENGLISH STUDY MATERIAL

ENGLISH PAPER I
SECTION-A [Vocabulary-Lexical Competencies]

I. A. SYNONYMS (Q.No.1-5)
The asterisked words are Textual exercises. Learn them thoroughly]
Lesson : 1 JULIUS CAESAR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

valiant
Captives
Mourned
assembly
grievous
Sacred
Entreat
Vile
Interred
slew

Other Important Synonyms

-

brave *
prisoners *
grieved *
crowd/gathering *
serious *
holy *
request *
evil/base/bad *
Buried
Killed

1. valour
2 ruffle up
3 wit
4 vanquished
5. mutiny

- courage
- disturb/ upset
- intelligence
- defeated
- revolt

Lesson : 2 THE CEASELESS CRUSADER

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Ceaseless
Construed
intuition
emerged
cultivate
Crusader
dormant
advent
complement
frailty

1. libel
2. pertinent
3. patronizing
4. subjugation

untiring *
interpreted *
insight *
arose *
develop *
fighter/fought
latent/inactive
arrival
complete
weakness

- false statement
- relevant
- supporting
- suppression

Lesson : 3 TO THE LAND OF SNOW

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

awakened
delicately
consummate
stranded
retained
bizarre
Recce
Menacing
Shrouded
Sturdy

roused *
carefully *
complete *
marooned/unable to move*
continued to possess *
strange
survey
threatening
covered
Strong

Lesson : 4 A DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

10

1. pursuit
2. deterred
3. fascinated
4. Visage

- chasing
- discouraged
- attracted
- face

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

animated
censure
seduce
Repress
perplexity
tranquility
Exuberance

encouraged / excited *
criticism *
tempt *
restrain /control*
complication *
calm /undisturbed
uncontrolled excitement

1. perusal
- read carefully
2. copious
- abundant /plenty
3. inadvertency - unintentional
4. Reproach
- disgrace
5. Risible
- ridiculous/laughable

Lesson : 5 THE MARK OF VISHNU

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

battered
vile
petrified
sullen
squashed
yelled
contempt
hysterically
instantly

thrashed *
evil *
immobile *
silent
subdued
shouted
disrespect
screamed
Immediately

Lesson : 6 HIROSHIMA
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

accelerated
unheralded
stench
industrious
harness
serenely
enigma
unleash
assail
proliferate
catastrophic

increased *
unannounced *
stink *
hard working *
control *
calmly
mystery
let loose / release
attack
multiply/grow rapidly
disastrous

B. ANTONYMS (Q.No.6-10)
Lesson : 1 JULIUS CAESAR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

broad
tyrant
empty
fleeting
sublime
methodical
slow
noble
agitated
selfish
faithful
honourable

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

narrow *
democrat *
full *
lasting/permanent *
mean/low *
random / confused*
Fast / quick *
ignoble / mean*
calm *
selfless/generous*
disloyal
dishonourable
11

13
14
15
16
17

blunt
praise
traitors
valour
valiant

x
x
x
x
x

sharp
criticise
patriots
cowardice
coward

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

ordinary *
moderately *
strength *
submissive *
denied *
active
dominant
superiority
destruction
ascent
irrelevant/impertinent
common
modern

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

weak *
inhabited *
uncovered *
intermittently *
initially *
appear
encouraged
inactive
allowed
humble

Lesson : 2 THE CEASELESS CRUSADER

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

marvellous
radically
frailty
domineering
bestowed
dormant
subservient
inferiority
creation
descent
pertinent
unique
ancient

Lesson : 3 TO THE LAND OF SNOW

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

sturdy
abandoned
shrouded
continuously
eventually
vanish
deterred
bustling
forbidden
majestic

Lesson : 4 A DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

exuberance
risible
copious
tranquility
obscure
vigorous
perfect
omitted
brief
folly
contented

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

apathy *
serious *
meagre *
agitation *
clear *
spiritless
imperfect
included
detailed
wisdom
dissatisfied
12

12 ignorance

x knowledge

Lesson : 5 THE MARK OF VISHNU

1
despise
2
creator
3
trusted
4
indifferent
5
humble
6
undamaged
7
literate
8
sacred
9
instantly
Lesson : 6 HIROSHIMA

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

love/appreciate *
destroyer *
doubted/suspicious *
interested/disinterested *
arrogant
damaged
illiterate
Unholy / impure
gradually

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

initial *
lit *
significant *
blessed *
conservative *
construction
violently/noisily
success

ultimate
extinguished
trivial
cursed
liberal
destruction
serenely
defeat

13

Memory Tips
Singular ending Plural ending

Q.No.11. PLURALS
(C) Answer any ten. [10x2=20]
1. Datum
- I saw the data

-um

2.

Alumnus - We are alumni of this school.

-us

3.

Index

- I saw the indices

-ex

ices

4.

Matrix

- I do the matrices

-ix

ices

5.

Analysis

- I do the analyses of the test

-is

es

6.

Formula

- Write the formulae

-a

ae

7.

Criterion - Fix the criteria

-ion

8.
9.

Tooth
Child

-oo
ld

ee
en

- Brush your teeth

- Children like animals

Q.No.12. Using the idioms in sentence of your own.

1.

honour bound.
I am honour bound to help you.

2.

in the pink of health.

The old man is in the pink of health.

3.

to be on cloud nine.
I am on cloud nine to hear the news.

4.

a yellow streak.
He is a man of yellow streak.

5.

to be at loggers heads.
We are always at logger heads.

6.

once in a blue moon.

He visits here once in a blue moon.

7.

a bolt from the blue.

His death came as a bolt from the blue.

8.

put on airs.
He puts on airs after becoming rich.

9.

to be at the end of ones tether.

The girls are shouting so the teacher is at the end of her tether.

10.

a shadow of ones self.

The player is now a shadow of himself.
14

Q.No.13. Write a sentence using expanded form of

Abbreviation/Acronym:
1.

UGC

University Grants Commission

He works in University Grants Commission

2.

NLC

Neyveli Lignite Corporation

He works in Neyveli Lignite Corporation

3.

BBC

British Broadcasting Corporation

He works in the British Broadcasting Corporation

4.

WHO

World Health Organisation

He works in World Health Organisation

5.

PSU

Public Sector Unit

He works in Public Sector Unit

6.

ISRO

Indian Space Research Organisation

He works in Indian Space Research Organisation

7.

CAD

Computer Aided Designing

I use Computer Aided Designing

8.

VCR

Video Cassette Recorder

I use Video Cassette Recorder

9.

LPG

Liquified Petroleum Gas

I use Liquified Petroleum Gas

10. CPU

Central Processing Unit

I use Central Processing Unit

11. RADAR

Radio Detection and Ranging

I use Radio Detection and Ranging device

12. ATM

Automated Teller Machine

Automated Teller Machine is very useful

13. AIDS

Acquired Immuno Deficency Syndrome

Acquired Immuno Deficency Syndrome is a killer
disease.

14. LAN

Local Area Network

The Local Area Network is busy

15. UNO

United Nations Organisation

India is a member of United Nations Organisation

16. NASA

National Aeronautical and Space Administration.

He works in National Aeronautical and Space
Administration.

Q.No.14. Homophones :
15

1.

I had no peace till he gave me a piece of advice.

2.

The story told by the credulous old man is not credible.

3.

They had dates for dessert in the desert.

4.

The police tried to elicit information from the bootlegger who sells illicit liquor.

5.

The most eminent scientist in the world has been warning about the
imminent danger of nuclear war.

6.

The book which has been prescribed for the B.A. class has been
proscribed for containing some remarks on religion.
Other Important

Homophones :

7.

The adopted boy has now adapted to the new environment.

8.

The stationary lorry is loaded with stationery goods.

9.

M.S. Dhoni is a popular player who lives in a populous city.

10. His handwriting is illegible so he is not eligible for the competition.

11. Our principal is a man of principle.
12. The industrial workers are very industrious.
13. The luxurious hotel has a luxuriant lawn.
14. An official should not be officious always.
15. The army personnel loses their personal interest in life.
16. Those who are conscious of their conscience dare not do mistakes.
Q.No.15. Form a word by blending the words and use the blended
word in your own sentence :
1.

documentary + drama

2.

education + entertainment

docudrama
I saw the docudrama
edutainment
I use the edutainment

3.

motorway + hotel

4.

smoke + fog

motel
I saw the motel
smog
I saw the smog

5.

helicopter + airport

6.

motor + bike

heliport
I saw the heliport
mobike
I use the mobike
16

7.

breakfast + lunch

8.

news + broadcast

brunch
I had my brunch
newscast
I watch newscast

9.

vegetable + burger

10. international + police

vegeburger
I ate vegeburger
Interpol
I am an Interpol officer

11. lecture + demonstration

12. electro + execute

lecdem
The lecdem is very useful
electrocute
He was electrocuted

13. travel + catalogue

14. information + commercial

travelogue
I read a travelogue
informercial
It is the informercial centre

15. technology + wizard

technowizard
He is a technowizard

Q.No. 16 Syllabify any two words :

Two syllable
daugh-ter,
don-key,
stu-pid.
de-tect,

Three syllable
pre-si-dent,
ex-pres-sion,
ba-na-na,
con-fi-dence,
en-ter-tain,
ad-van-tage,
fan-tas-tic,
ac-ci-dent,
de-mon-strate,
do-mes-tic,
dra-ma-tic,
sta-tis-tics,
ec-cen-tric,
cu-cum-ber,
for-mi-da-ble,

Four syllable
par-ti-cu-lar
com-pre-hen-sive
in-spi-ra-tion
ap-pa-ra-tus
in-sti-tu-tion
fa-ci-li-tate
in-tel-li-gent
si-mul-ta-neous
mag-ni-fi-cient
as-tro-lo-gy

17

Q.No.17. Write a sentence using the word in Grammatical Function :

1.

address
This is my address. (Noun)
I addressed yesterday. (Verb)

2. Hope
Hope is life. (Noun)
I hope to get pass. (Verb)

3.

Old
Old is gold. (Noun)
He is an old man. (Adj)

4. equal
He is not my equal. (Noun)
All have equal rights. (Adj)

5.

fine
I pay the fine. (Noun)
I fine you. (Verb)
like
The film has many likes. (Noun)
I like you. (Verb)
Like poles repel. (Adj)

6. well
I saw the well (Noun)
Tears welled her eyes. (Verb)
8. Love
Love is God. (Noun)
I love India. (Verb)
God is love (Adj)

7.

Q.No.18. Write a sentence using the American English word:

1.

tin

2.

3.

lorry

film

4.

5.
6.
7.
8

can
I saw the can
truck
I saw the truck
movie
I saw the movie
cab
I saw the cab

10.

crisps

potatochips
I like potatochips
cookies
I like cookies

11. biscuits

12.

sweet

candy
I like candy

13.

Ground
floor

first floor
I live in the first floor

flat

apartment
I live in the apartment

fall
It is a fall season

taxi

lift

Mobile
phone

petrol

gasoline
16.
I use the gasoline

post

mail
I saw the mail

holiday

vacation
17.
I like the vacation

aerial

Antenna
I saw the Antenna

9. luggage

elevator
14.
I use the elevator
cellphone
I use cellphone

15. autumn

baggage
18. railway
Bring the baggage

18

rail road
Dont cross the rail road

Q.No.19. Use the Compound word in your own sentence :

1.

He is a well-to-do person.

8.

I saw the duty-free shop.

2.

He is a taxi-driver.

9.

I saw the dancing-bird.

3.

He is a shop-owner.

10.

I saw the sun-rise.

4.

He is my son-in-law.

11.

I like wood-work

5.

He is good-for-nothing .

12.

It is a kitchen-garden

6.

He is a sports-man.

13.

It is a day-to-day problem.

7.

He is an out-patient.

14.

It is a down-to-earth plan.

Q.No.20. Write a sentence using a word with Prefix or Suffix :

PREFIX
Prefix
Word
Sentence
I am unhappy.
1. un
- unhappy
I am inactive
2. in
- inactive
He is irregular to class.
3. ir
- irregular
4. non
- non-vegetarian I am a non-vegetarian.
I disagree with you.
5. dis
- disagree
It is an illegal offence.
6. il
- illegal
I foretell the future.
7. fore
- foretell
It is impossible.
8. im
- impossible
I use prepaid card.
9. pre
- prepaid
I use postpaid card.
10. post
- postpaid
I like the diagram.
11. dia
- diagram

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.

Suffix
less
hood
ly
able
tion
ful
ment
ence
ness
ity
ise

Word
careless
childhood
slowly
curable
examination
careful
government
difference
kindness
ability
criticise

SUFFIX
Sentence
I am careless.
I like my childhood.
I write slowly.
Fever is curable.
I wrote my examination.
I am careful.
I like our government.
There is no difference.
I like your kindness.
His ability is well-known.
Dont criticise others.
19

Q.No.21. Form Compound Words :

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Noun + Noun
Noun + Verb
Verb + Noun
Noun + Adjective
Adjective + Noun
Adjective + Verb
Noun + Gerund
Gerund + Nouns
Prep + Nouns

School girl
Sun rise
Call taxi
Duty free
Old man
White wash
Hand writing
Walking stick
After noon

Q.No.22. Write sentences using the Phrasal Verbs :

1.

pick up : Pick up your speed.

2.

pick on : Pick on the bad boy.

3.

look after : Please, look after my son.

4.

look into : Please, look into the matter.

5.

call on : Please, call on him.

6.

call off : Please, call off your strike.

7.

call upon : Please, call upon him to speak.

8.

keep up : Keep up your rank.

9.

keep on : Keep on your speed.

10. give away : Please, give away the prizes.

11. give up : Please, give up your smoking.
12. give off : Please, give off the bad smell.
13. put on : Put on the new dress.
14. put off : Please, put off the lights.
15. take off : The plane took off .
Q.No.23. Write sentence using the Clipped Words :
1.

laboratory

lab

I go to the lab.

2.

gymnasium

gym

I go to the gym.

3.

advertisement

ad

I like the ad.

4.

discotheque

disco

I like the disco.

5.

handkerchief

kerchief

I use kerchief.

6.

telephone

phone

I use the phone.

7.

microphone

mike

I use the mike.

20

8.

taxicab

taxi

I saw the taxi.

9.

perambulator

pram

I saw the pram.

10. helicopter

copter

I saw the copter.

11. aeroplane

plane

I saw the plane.

12. demarcate

mark

I mark the line.

13. demonstrate

demo

I attend the demo.

14. kilogram

kilo

I bought a kilo of rice.

15. influenza

flu

I am suffering from flu

16. fountain pen

pen

This is my pen.

17. spectacles

specs

This is my specs.

18. photograph

photo

This is my photo.

19. paragraph

para

Write a para.

20. examination

exam

I write my exam.

21. refrigerator

fridge

The fridge is very useful.

22. signature

Sign

Sign here.

SECTION B (Grammatical Competencies)

[10x1=10]

II. (A) Q.No.24 Use a Modal Verb : (Must/Should)

1.

Eve-teasers must be punished severely.

2.

In the army, soldiers must obey their officers.

3.

The world must avoid war in the larger interest of the human race as a whole.

4.

One must always keep his promises.

5.

Caesars wife must be above suspicion.

6.

All citizens should obey the laws of the land.

7.

People who live in glass house should not throw stones.

8.

Law makers should not be law breakers.

Q.No.25. Use the given verb in suitable form (Tenses) :

[Proverbs, scientific, universal facts are to be in simple present tense)

1.

Water boils (boil) at 100 centigrade.

2.

The children burst (burst) in the peals of laughter.

3.

The milk man knocks (knock) the door at 6O clock every morning.

4.

She goes (go) to church every Sunday.

5.

Rahim read (read) a poem last night.

6.

I shall go (go) to Chennai tomorrow.

21

7.

I am preparing (prepare) for the examination at present.

8.

He is reading (read) his lessons now.

9.

When I saw him, he was playing (play) Cricket.

10. I have been studying (study) in the school since 2010.

Q.No.26. Use a Semi-Modal Verb : (need, dare, used to, ought to)
Sentence-y; dash w;Fg;gpd; not ,Ug;gpd; need vOjTk;.
Ans :
You need not read every chapter.
You need not feel sorry for what you have done.
Sentence-y; when or during ,Ug;gpd; used to vOjTk;.
Ans :
He used to play foot ball in his college days.
He used to wake up at 5 O clock in the morning when he was young.
Sentence-y; How ,Ug;gpd; dare vOjTk;.
Ans :
How dare you ask me such a question?
ought to (moral obligation - flikiaf; Fwpf;Fk;)
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W (dare, need, used to) vDk; thh;j;ijfs; cs;s clue
,y;iynadpy; 'ought to' vOjTk;.
Ans :
He ought to submit his work on time.
Q.No. 27-28. Use a Relative Pronoun :
Sentence-y; dash-f;F Kd; Noun (person-I Fwpg;gpd;) gpd; Verb ,Ug;gpd;
who vOjTk;.
1.

This is the boy who won the race.

(Noun)
(Verb)

2.

Shakespeare who lived in the 16th Century is considered to be the

greatest dramatist.
The movie is about a leader who led the freedom struggle of his nation.

3.

Sentence-y; dash-f;F Kd; Noun (person-I Fwpg;gpd;) gpd; Noun ,Ug;gpd;

whose vOjTk;.
1. My friend whose father works in Agra, has made a clay model of the Taj.
(Noun)
(Noun)
2. Kumaraswamy whose house I live in, owns most of the mills in this town.
Sentence-y; dash-f;F Kd; Noun (person-I Fwpg;gpd;) gpd; pronoun ,Ug;gpd;
whom vd vOjTk;.
1. Most of the friends whom she had invited came for her wedding.
(Noun)
(Pronoun)
Sentence- y; dash-f;F Kd; (things) nghUl;fisf; Fwpg;gpd; that vOjTk;.
22

1.
Show me the book that you bought yesterday. (thing)
2.
The wrong deeds that we do are more often remembered than our
good ones.
Sentence- y; dash-f;F Kd; (Place) ,lj;ijf; Fwpg;gpd; where vd vOjTk;.
1. This is the house where I was born. (Place)
2. This is the school where I studied. (Place)
Q.No. 29. Use a phrase/preposition :
(Use a phrase vd te;jhy; ngUk;ghYk; inspite of vd vOjyhk; )
We enjoyed our outing, even though the weather was terrible.
They continued with the match in spite of the rain.
His lecture was very boring even though his English was good.
He continued to bowl despite his shoulder injury.
Although we started early, we reached late.
You must not go against the advice of your parents.
Q.No.30. Use the given verb in suitable form :
If clause

Main Clause

If Clause-y; work(V1) ,Ug;gpd;

will pass tUk;.
Ans: If you work hard, you will pass (pass) in the exam.
If Clause-y; worked(V2) ,Ug;gpd;
would pass tUk;.
Ans: If you worked hard, you would pass (pass)in the exam.
If Clause-y; were ,Ug;gpd;
Ans: If I were a bird, I would fly.

wouldfly (V1)

If Clause-y; ____(be) te;jhy; were vd vOjTk;.

Ans: If I were (be) a bird, I would fly.
If Clause-y; had worked (past perfect) would have passed (would have + V3)
Ans: If you had worked hard, you would have passed (pass)in the exam.
Q.No.31. Write a sentence of the pattern :
1.

Ram gave a pen

2.

Ram gave me a pen

SVO
SVIODO

A-adjunct
Yesterday

SVC
SVOC
4. Ram made him chairman
Adjunct KjypYk; tuyhk;> filrpapYk; tuyhk;. Adjunct tUk; ,lj;jpy;
(Kjypy; my;yJ filrpapy; Yesterday-it Nrh;j;J vOjTk;)
3.

Ram was ill

23

Q.No. 32. Write the kind of Passive Voice :

1. Sentence-y; by (doer) ,Ug;gpd; personal passive voice vd vOJf.
Ex: The novel is written by Premchand. This is an example of Personal
passive voice.
2. Sentence-y; by (doer) ,y;iynadpy; Impersonal passive voice vd vOJf.
Ex: One Hundred neem trees are planted. This is an example of
Impersonal passive voice.
Q.No. 33. Use a Suitable link word :
Time (Neuj;ij) Fwpg;gpd; When.
Eg : When the cat is away, the mice are at play.
Reason (fhuzk;) Fwpg;gpd; As.
Eg : As it rains they will not continue the match.
Contrast (khWghL) Fwpg;gpd; Though/but.
Eg : Though we started early, we reached late.
Man proposes but God disposes.
She is rich yet/but she is humble.
(B) Q.No.34. Transform the following sentence as instructed.
Report the dialogue.
Points to remember
1. Statement

2. Question

3. Command/Request
(positive)
(Negative)
4. Exclamations

Reporting verbs:1. Statement

2. Question
3. Commands
4. Request
5. Exclamations
Example :
Tourist

Report the dialogue

Add that a conjunction used in statements.
Yes or No add whether or If
Wh word add the same wh word.
Add to before the imperative sentence.

Remove dont and add not to.

Add that. Remove exclamation mark (!) and add
full stop.

told / replied.
asked, enquired.
advised, ordered.
Requested.
Exclaimed happily / sadly.

:- How can I reach Mahabalipuram?

24

Tourist guide

:- You can drive along the east coast road. The road is
smooth and free from the traffic and in about 90
minutes, you will reach Mahabalipuram.

Tourist

Ans :-

Oh! Thats fine. Thank you.

The tourist asked the tourist guide how he could reach

Mahabalipuram. The tourist guide replied that he could drive
along the east coast road. He added that the road was smooth and
free from traffic and in about 90 minutes he would reach
Mahabalipuram. The tourist thanked the guide.

Q.No. 35 Rewrite as given in the brackets starters

" WERE, SHOULD, HAD " :
Step 1
Step 2

Remove if
You should
He had
It were

- Should you
- Had he
- Were it vd;W ,lk; khw;wp vOjNtz;Lk;

Ex:
1. Begin with Were
If the management were to go back on its promise, there would be strike. (were)

Were the management to go back on its promise, there would be strike.

If an angel were to tell me such a thing of her, I would not believe it.
Ans: Were an angel to tell me such a thing of her, I would not believe it.
2. Begin with Should
If you should need to meet me, you can call this number. (should)
Should you need to meet me, you can call this number.
If you should be late once again, you will lose your job.
Should you be late once again, you will lose your job.
3. Begin with Had

If he had explained the problem, I would have helped him. (Begin with Had)
Had he explained the problem, I would have helped him.
Q.No.36 COMPOUND SENTENCE :
1. As the transport workers were on strike, I had to walk back home.
(Rewrite as a compound sentence)
Ans: The transport workers were on strike and so I had to walk back home.
2. The villagers moved out of their Village as they had no rains that year.
(Rewrite as a compound sentence)
Ans: They had no rains that year and so the villagers moved out of their
village.
3. We must eat to live (Change into compound).
Ans: We must eat then only we can live.
25

4. Priya has recovered after the accident. Her fractured arm is still in a cast.
(Combined the sentence as a compound sentence)
Ans: Priya has recovered after the accident but her fractured arm is still in a
cast.
5. Unless you work hard, you will not clear the semester. (Rewrite as a
compound sentence)
Ans: Work hard or else you will not clear the semester.
6. Though he is poor he is happy. (Rewrite as a compound sentence)
Ans: He is poor but he is happy.
Q.No. 37 SIMPLE SENTENCE :
1. This is mango from my garden. It is sweet.

(combine the sentences)

Ans: This sweet mango is from my garden.

2. Thara types quickly. Thara types correctly.

(combine the sentences)

Ans: Thara types quickly and correctly.

3. Ram lost the match. He decided to resign as captain.
Ans: Having lost the match, Ram decided to resign as captain.(combine the sentences)
4. Bharath is very arrogant, Bharath will not apologise.

(combine the sentences)

Ans: Being very arrogant, Bharath will not

apologise. (or) Bharath is too arrogant to
apologise.
5. We must eat. We cannot live.
Ans: We must eat to live.

(combine the sentences)

6. I had completed my work, I set out to play.

Ans: Having completed my work I set out to play.

(combine the sentences)

Q.No. 38 COMPLEX SENTENCE :

1. In spite of his illness at the time of the exam, he obtained a high score in the
subject. (use though).
Ans: Though he was ill at the time of the exam, he obtained a high score in the
subject.
2. On seeing the dog the thief ran away. (Use when)
Ans: When the thief saw the dog, he ran away.
3. We must eat to live. (Change into complex)
Ans: We must eat so that we can live.
26

4. I like tea, I prefer coffee. (Change into a complex sentence)

Ans: Though I like tea, I prefer coffee.
5. I stand for justice and fair play. The whole world knows about it.
(Combine the sentence using That)
Ans: The whole world knows that I stand for justice and fair play.
6. I studied very hard but I failed. (Rewrite as a complex sentence)
Ans: Though I studied very hard, I failed.
7. He tried his best. He could not open the box. (Combine the sentences using
though)
Ans: Though he tried his best, he could not open the box.
Combine the sentences into a Simple sentence
1. Anne Mansfield Sullivan was poor and ill yet she taught Keller with a passion
(Rewrite as a simple sentence)
Ans: In spite of being poor and ill, Anne Mansfield Sullivan taught Keller
with a passion.
2. The coffee is very hot. I cant drink it. (Change into simple sentence)
Ans: The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
3. She told me a story. It was about a giant. (Change into simple sentence)
Ans: She told me a story about a giant.
4. She was poor. She was always happy. (Use inspite of)
Ans: In spite of her poverty, she was always happy.
5. Ram lost the match. He decided to resign as captain.
Ans: Having lost the match, Ram decided to resign as captain.
SECTION C (READING COMPETENCIES)
Q.No. 39-43 Identify the field-Clue words :

[5x1=5]

Some keywords would help you to identify the field in the list given below:
Agriculture :- tilling, pesticide, yield, manure, crops, harvest, fertilizer.
Travel :- Jet, visa, embassy, ferry, luxury, motel, yacht, skipper.
Space :- Satellite, orbit, the milky way, galaxy, comet, shuttle, landing.
Nutrition & Dietetics :- Dieting, vitamins, in take, calorie, stodgy, spicy,
bland.
Education :- dropout, competency, curriculum, three Rs, pedagogy,
enrolment.
Sports:- match ,refree, semifinal , final , century, boundary
Computer:- menu, browse, surfing, key board , mouse , bit
Commerce:- profit, gain, loss, returns, invest, margin, dividend
27

Weather :- Fog,cloudy,drizzling,raining,windy,cyclone,storm
Q.No. 44-48 Comprehension passage with five questions : [5x2=10]

Note: Question-y; cs;s words-f;Fk; passage-y; cs;s words-f;Fk;

nghUj;jkhd thf;fpaq;fisj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJ.

IV.(A) Q.No.49-51 Prose Paragraph/(B) Q.No.52-54 Prose Essay : [10]

1. Julius Caesar
Introduction :
Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare.
The Oration of Brutus :
The Oration of Brutus is simple. He tried to justify the murder of
Caesar. He assured that he loved Rome more than Caesar. He rejoiced at Caesars
valour, love and fortune. But he killed Caesar because he was ambitious. He told that
if Caesar were alive all Romans would be slaves. Thus he successfully convinced the
angry mob.
The Oration of Mark Antony :
Mark Antony was a talented orator. He touched the heart of the
people. He tried to prove that Caesar was not ambitious. He explained how Caesar
filled the state treasury, how he refused the kingly crown thrice. He spoke about the
will of Caesar but refused to read it. He showed the wounds on Caesars body. He
wept and said it was the unkindest cut of all.
Conclusion : The two speeches are typical of the two great leaders.

2. The Ceaseless Crusader

Introduction : Gandhiji was a Ceaseless Crusader of Womens equality.
Experiments with Truth :
Gandhi was a lover of truth. He did experiments with truth. He was a
domineering husband. But Kasturba was a spirited wife. He expected implicit
obedience from her. Later he realized it to be brutal.
Tradition and Superstition :
Gandhi was no advocate of blind adherence to tradition. He
disregarded the tradition, which has no morality. He was strictly against the
untouchability, child widowhood and child marriage.
Faith in Women :
According to Gandhi, women are the embodiment of sacrifice,
humility, faith, non violence and knowledge. Women are the nobler of the two sexes.

Messengers of the Gospel :

Ahimsa means infinite capacity for suffering. Satyagraha means soul
force. Women have great moral strength. Women are the messengers of the Gospel
of non violence. Gandhiji hopes that women with all the divine qualities will dazzle
the world if they wake up.
Conclusion : Gandhiji concludes that if all the women of the world gather together,
28

they will kick the atom bomb without fear.

SECTION E (LITERARY COMPETENCIES)

V. Q.No. 55-60 POETRY - Appreciation Questions :
1.

What are mournful numbers?

Ans: sad songs

2.

What is bivouac of life?

Ans: temporary army camp

3.

What does grave refer to?

Ans: death

4.

What is meant by strife?

Ans: struggle

5.

What does forlorn refer to?

Ans: lonely

6.

What are beating like muffled drums?

Ans: our heart beats.

7.

What is the meaning of muffled drums?

Ans: covered drums.

8.

What is the meaning of jarring?

Ans: unpleasant sound

9.

What is inane abstraction?

Ans: stupidity/absent-minded.

10. Explain To Sleep our life.

Ans: wasting time
11. What is meant by cherished circle?
Ans: family circle
12. What is the meaning of unobstrusive?
Ans: not easily seen
13. What is a promontory?
Ans: high point of land
14. What is gossamer thread?
Ans: fine cobweb
15. What is the meaning of marked?
Ans: noticed/seen
16. What do owls symbolise?
Ans: ignorance
29

[6x1=6]

17. What is the meaning of aeons bright?

Ans: bright future
18. What is meant by gospel?
Ans: goodnews
19. What is meant by Indo-Aryan blood?
Ans: Branch of the Aryans who came to india
20. What is meant by chant?
Ans : song
21. What is the meaning of cosmic riddle?
Ans: universal puzzle
22. What is the meaning global merchandise?
Ans: World trade
23. Whom does someone refer to?
Ans: snake
24. Who is the first comer?
Ans : snake (He)
25. Who is the second comer?
Ans : The poet (I)
26. What is meant by Etna?
Ans: Volcanic mountain
27. What does the voice of education refer to?
Ans: Knowledge about snakes/Rational thinking
28. What is meant by pettiness?
Ans: act of trying to kill the snake/ mean act.
29. What is an albatross?
Ans: Sea bird
30. What is a nipper kin?
Ans: A glass of beer / wine
31. What is meant by infantry?
Ans: foot soldier
32. What is a trap?
Ans: two wheeled carriage
33. What is the meaning of out of work?
Ans: without work/unemployment
34. What does half -a - crown refer to?
Ans: British coin

30

35. What is meant by foe?

Ans: enemy
POETIC DEVICES
B) Q.No.61-63

[3x1=3]

Q.No. 61 Figure of Speech

Simile

Poem Line-y; as my;yJ like ,Ue;jhy; figure of speech - simile vd

vOjTk;.
Eg. 1.
Still like muffled drums simile.
As humble plants by country hedgerows growing simile
Metaphor
Poem line-y; as my;yJ like ,y;iynad;why; figure of speech Metaphor
vd;W vOjTk;.
Eg. 1.
Life is but an empty dream Metaphor
2.
To sleep our life away Metaphor
Q.No. 62 Alliteration
Poem line-y; repetition of consonant sound cs;s word-I jdpNa
vLj;J vOjp Kjy; vOj;ij underline nra;J fhl;lTk;.
And the grave is not its goal
Alliterative words : grave, goal
Q.No.63 Allusion
1. Dust that art, to dust returnest was not spoken.
Allusion : The Bible
2. Let the dead past bury its dead
Allusion : The Bible
3. In the beginning was the Word and the Word was God.
Allusion : The Bible
4. And I thought of the albatross.
Allusion : The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by S.T. Coleridge.
C) Q.No.64-66 E.R.C. (Any two)
[2x3=6]
Poem-1 : A Psalm of life - H.W. Longfellow.
ERC Clue words
mournful, empty, dream, grave, dust, muffled drums, driven cattle, great
men, foot prints, forlorn, any fate, tomorrow, art, life, battle field.

31

1) Context : Poem : A Psalm of life.

Poet : H.W. Longfellow.
Explanation : Life is not an empty dream. Lifes goal is not end up with grave.
Our heart beats like muffled drums. The world is like a battlefield Act in the
living present. We follow the foot prints of the great men. We must learn to
work hard.
Poem-2 : Womens Rights A.L.Walker
E.R.C. Clue words
rob, cherish, bright picture, quiet, seclusion, harsh strife, jarring, dreamy,
sleep, sunshine, hedgerows, unobtrusive, privilege, cherished.
2) Context : Poem : Womens Rights
Poet : A.L. Walker
Explanation : Men cannot rob the rights of women. They claim to live within
four walls. They do not waste their time in laziness. They are like humble
plants. They arent known beyond the family circle. They make people happy
but they are uncared by others.
Poem-3 : A Noiseless Patient Spider Walt Whitman
E.R.C. Clue words
promontory, vacant, filament, unreeling, soul, measureless, musing,
throwing, ductile, gossamer, anchor, bridge.
3) Context : Poem : A Noiseless, patient spider
Poet : Walt Whitman
Explanation : The poet saw a spider on an elevated place. It tried to build a
web. It sent out filament endlessly. The spider was noiseless and patient. Like
the spider the soul tries to connect with God. The soul is musing endlessly.
Poem-6 : The Man He killed - Thomas Hardy
E.R.C. Clue words
inn, wet, nipperkin, infantry, face, shot, killed, foe, off-hand, traps, curious,
half-a-crown.
3) Context : Poem : The Man He killed
Poet : Thomas Hardy
Explanation : The poet was in the battle field. He stood face to face with his
32

enemy. The poet shot the enemy when he tried to kill him. Both of them were
unemployed , sold their traps and joined the army. War is strange and curious
because it is fought between innocent soldiers.

POETRY - PARAGRAPH

[5]

D) Q.No.67-69

1. A Psalm of Life H.W. Long fellow

The poem A psalm of life gives us a great deal of good advice. The poet
says that life is not an empty dream. It is real and earnest. Man comes from
dust and he returns to dust. The life does not end up with grave. Only the
human body dies and not the soul. Art is long but life is short. The world is
like the battle field. We should act like heroes and not to be mute cattle. Man
should neither think of his future nor past. We must work hard in the present
to make every tomorrow a better one. We must follow the foot prints of great
men. They give us hope and courage. One must learn to labor and to wait.

2. Womens Rights Annie Louisa Walker

The poem humbly supports the womens rights. Men cannot rob their
rights. Their mission is to make home bright. Women claim to live a lonely life.
They live under the roof. They do not waste their time. Like humble plants,
women also fill their homes with light and love. They are uncared. Women are
not known beyond their family circle. They live in seclusion spread happiness
and die unknown. They endure everything passively for the sake of society.

3. A Noiseless, Patient Spider Walt Whitman

The poet sees a spider standing alone on an elevated place. It tries to
build a web. The spider stands for patience and perseverance. The spider
wants to make connections in the vast vacant surrounding. The spider is
never tired of making its home. But human being doesnt take effort. The poet
compares the spider to the human soul. Human soul should make a home in
heaven as the spider.

33

ENGLISH PAPER II
Section - A : Supplementary Reader
A) Q.No.1 Write a paragraph by rearranging the following
sentences in correct sequence. The first and last
sentences are already in order.
(5 marks)
,t;tpdhtpy; nkhj;jk; 6 thf;fpaq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,jpy; Kjy; kw;Wk;;
filrp thf;fpaj;ij khw;wNtz;bajpy;iy. Jizg;ghlg; gFjpapy; cs;s
fijfis ed;F Ghpe;Jnfhz;lhNy ,t;tpdhtpw;F tpilaspf;fyhk;.
Example :
Once there lived a Selfish Giant.
The Giant became angry and built a high wall around the garden.
The children used to play in the garden.
He had a beautiful garden.
The children had now nowhere to play.
They became very unhappy.
Answer :
Once there lived a selfish Giant. He had a beautiful garden. The children
used to play in the garden. The Giant became angry and built a high wall
around the garden. The children had now nowhere to play. They become very
unhappy.
B) Q.No.2-6 Choose the best answer.

(5)

[The asterisked words are Textual exercises. Learn them thoroughly]

1. THE SELFISH GIANT OSCAR WILDE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

The children visited the giants garden everyday.*

The giant stayed with his friend for Seven years. *
The poor children had no place to play. *
The children entered the giants garden through a little hole in the wall . *
The giant died when he became old and feeble. *
The selfish giant longed for the little child. *
The giants journey was to paradise. *
The only people who were pleased to stay in the giants garden were the snow
and the frost. *
9. The giant heard a linnet singing outside the window.
10. The giant lay dead covered with white blossoms.
11. There were 12 peach trees on the giants garden.
12. The giants friend was Cornish ogre.
13. The little boy kissed the giant.
14. The little boy was Jesus Christ.

34

2. THE LOTTERY TICKET ANTON CHEKHOV

The possibility of winning the prize in the lottery ticket bewildered them. *
The first twenty five thousand of the prize money was never received. *
Ivan went to none of these places. *
Masha was interrupted in the middle of Ivans dream. *
Disappointment in not winning the prize made Ivan and Masha hate each other.
*
6. The prize amount of the lottery ticket was 75,000/-.
7. Ivans income was 1200 roubles a year.
8. The series of the lottery ticket was 9499 number 26.
9. Ivan had no faith on lottery luck.
10. One of the countries Ivan wished to visit was India / Italy/ south of France
11. The winning number of the lottery ticket was 9499 number46
12. Ivan considered his relatives reptiles.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

3. THE LAST LEAF OHENRY

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Sue and Johnsy were painters by profession. *

Mr. Pneumonia was a deadly person. *
Johnsy started counting backward from number twelve. *
Mr. Behrman was a friend to sue. *
The wollen shoulder scarf that sue was knitting was blue in colour. *
Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of juniper berries. *
Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia. *
Behrmans master piece was the last leaf. *
Behrman earned his living by serving as a model.
Johnsy wanted to paint the Bay of Naples.
Sue came from Maine. Johnsy came from California.
Mr.Behrman was a failure as an Artist
4. HOW THE CAMEL GOT ITS HUMP - RUDYARD KIPLING

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

The camel lived in the middle of a howling desert.

The camel refused to work because he was lazy. *
The three animals patiently made a complaint to the Djinn. *
Djinn punished the camel using his magic. *
The camel did not work for three days. *
All the animals were unhappy with the camels attitude. *
Djinn was incharge of all deserts.
The man asked the three to work double time.
The horse came to meet camel on Monday.
The camel said hump to all the questions.
The camel was a howler himself.
The three referred to in the story are the ox , the horse and the dog.
5. TWO FRIENDS GUY DE MAUPASSANT

1.

Morrisot and Sauvage had a common interest on fishing.

35

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

The people of Paris were angry with Prussians. *

The two friends drank absinthe when they met after a long time.
They encountered the Prussians while fishing in the river. *
The friends were taken prisoners.
The Prussians offered to release the friends in exchange for the password. *
The friends were finally shot dead. *
After shooting the two friends dead the Prussians threw them into the river.
Finally the Prussian officer fried the fish alive to eat. *
The value highlighted in the story Two friends is patriotism. *
The two friends were anglers.
Morrisot was a Watch-maker and Sauvage was a draper.
6. THE REFUGEE PEARL S.BUCK
The refugees were in uniform.
The uncommon men and women who entered the city were from one region.
The noodle vendor stopped near the old man because he was keen on selling.
The vendor made the old man to buy noodles. *
The old man decided not to spend money on food because he decided to spend
the money on buying seeds to sow.
The man offered the old refugee a silver coin and a copper penny.
The child was old mans grandson.
They became refugees due to flood.
The last one of the large procession of refugee was a little wizened old man.
The city dwellers hated the refugees.
7. OPEN WINDOW - SAKI
The girl Vera talked to him about the tragic death of Mrs. Sappletons
husband and her brothers. *
Vera, on seeing the men-folk approaching the window looked with dazed
horror. *
The three figures came in carried a white coat and guns. *
While visiting Mrs. Sappleton, Mr. Nuttel carried a letter of introduction. *
The hunting party went through a French Window. *
Romance at short notice was Veras speciality. *
Mrs. Sappleton told the visitor that the men folk had gone out for snipe
shooting. *
Spaniel is a kind of hunting dog.*
Vera was Mrs. Sappletons niece.
The party was engulfed in a bog.
The hunting party was accompanied by a spaniel.
Vera said that the tragedy happened just three years ago.

C) Q.No. 7 to 11 Comprehension from non-detailed stories

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

(5)

nfhLf;fg;gl;l fijg;gFjpia ed;F gbj;J Ghpe;Jnfhz;L nghUj;jkhd

thh;j;ijfisnfhz;L tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(To answer this Question students have to use the apt words)
36

D) Q.No.12 Supplementary Reader Essay

(10)

khzth;fs; Kjy; %d;W fijf;fhd fl;Liufis gbj;jhy; NghJk;.

1. THE SELFISH GIANT OSCAR WILDE
The Giants Garden:
Once there was a Giant. He had a beautiful garden. Children played in
the garden happily every day. The Giant returned after seven years. He saw
the children playing in the garden. Then he built a high wall around the
garden. The children had no place to play. So they were unhappy.
The selfish Giant:
As the giant was selfish, the spring did not come. There was only winter
in his garden. One day children entered the garden through a little hole in the
wall. They climbed up and started playing. Beautiful flowers and birds had
come to the garden again.
Heart melted:
The Giant saw a little boy unable to climb the tree. He helped the little
boy to climb. The little boy kissed him. His heart melted. The giant broke
down the wall. After some years , the Giant saw the little boy again. He was
shocked to see wounds of nails on the boys palm and feet. The boy told him
that they were the wounds of love. In the afternoon, the children found the
Giant dead. His body was covered with white blossoms.
2. THE LOTTERY TICKET - ANTONCHECKOV
Ivan and Masha:
AntonCheckovs The Lottery Ticket brings out the nature of people at
different moods. Ivan Dimitrich and Masha belonged to middle class. Ivans
income was 1200 roubles a year. Masha asked him to see the results of the
lottery ticket. Ivan had no faith in lottery luck. Mashas ticket serial was 9499
and number was 26. Ivan saw only the series.
Ivans dreaming:
They were very happy and started dreaming to spend the amount of
75000 roubles. Ivan thought of buying an estate, new furniture and deposit in
the bank and would get interest from it. Ivan feared that his relatives would
ask for financial help. He had a fear of his wifes behavior.
Merry became worry:
Masha thought that it was her ticket. So she had her own dreams and
plans. Ivan wanted to verify the number again. The winning number was 46
not 26. Both their hope and dreams were shattered at once. They became
disappointed. They hated each other. The merry dreams end in worry.
3. THE LAST LEAF O.HENRY
Budding Artists:
The author says that hope is essential for life. Sue and Johnsy were
painters by profession. They were from Maine and California. Jonhsy was
attacked by pneumonia, a deadly disease. The doctor told Sue that she could
recover only if she had will to live. Johnsy was in bed.
37

False notion of Johnsy:

She was looking outside the window. She saw the leaves falling one by
one from the vine. She started counting down from twelve. She thought that
she would die when the last leaf fell.
Master piece of Behrman:
Behrman was an old artist. He earned by serving as a model. Johnsy
found only one leaf at last. Johnsy found the last leaf still clinging to the vine.
She regained hope and cured. But the old painter died of pneumonia.
Behrmans last leaf saved the life of Johnsy. Life is to live.
SECTION B (LEARNING COMPETENCY STUDY SKILLS)
II.(A) (Q.No.13-17) Answer the following.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.

11.
12.
13.

[5x2=10]

What are the sections in a library?

Reference, The Stacks, Journal, Electronic and Reprography.
What does the reference section contain?
Atlases, Dictionary, Indexes and Year Books.
What does the stacks section contain?
Except the books in the reference section, all books are stored.
What does the journal section contain?
Journals and periodicals. The back numbers are kept for research.
What does the electronic section contain?
Audio/Video Cassettes, CD ROMS and microforms.
What is a reprography section?
This section is used for photo copying. (Xeroxing)
What are the three ways of searching a book in the library?
The author index, title index and computer search.
Arrange the authors in the library catalogue.
John Keats and Jonathan Swift. (Alphabetical thpirapy; vOjTk;.)
Keats, John
Swift, Jonathan
What are the two most widely used system of classification of books in a library?
Dewey Decimal System
American Library of Congress System.
Expand and explain OPAC.
Online Public Access catalogue.
It is an interactive search module of an automated library management
system.
Mention e-mail ID of any two service organization.
helpage@gmail.com
redcross@gmail.com
What is Euphemism? Give an example.
Euphemism is the use of an inoffensive word in place of an offensive one.
Eg : Homemaker is the euphemism for housewife.
What is clich? Give an example.
38

Clich is a phrase which is used too often to the point of monotony.

(Eg) He came out with flying colours in the exam.
14. What are instructions to be followed while using in the library?
Observe silence
Do not write anything in the book
Do not fold the corner of a page
Dont tear off the pages
15. When and why do you consult a dictionary?
To know,
the spelling,
the pronunciation,
the meaning and
the usage.
16. What are Eponymous words?
Words derived from individual names are called Eponymous words.
Eg. Boycott is derived from the name Charles Boycott.
17. What is a thesaurus?
It is a book that lists words in group of synonyms and related concepts.
(B) Q.No. 18-22 Spot the errors.

[5x1=5]

1.

Prefer, prior, senior, junior, inferior, superior gpd; than-f;F gjpyhf to

vOjTk;. Older vd;W te;jhy; elder vd;W khw;wp vOjTk;.
Ex : Ram is junior than me Ram is junior to me.
He is older than me
He is elder to me.

2.

One of the f;Fg;gpwF Noun plural y; tUk;.

Ex : One of the boys vd;W tUk;.
Ram is one of the best students in the class.
NkYk; one of the boys te;jhy; singular verb (looks, is) tUk;.
Eg : One of the boys look happy - One of the boys looks happy.
One of the boys are happy - One of the boys is happy.

3.

One rupee - university, universal, useful, European, union Kd; cs;s an I

vLj;Jtpl;L a vOjTk;.
Eg : Ram is an university scholar - Ram is a university scholar.

4.

NkYk; Abbreviation Kd; cs;s M, H,F vOj;JfSf;F Kd; a tuhJ an tUk;.

h silentMf tUk; thh;j;ijfSf;F Kd;dhy; an tUk;.
Eg : Ram is a M.Sc. Student - Ram is an M.Sc. Student.
Ram is a honest man - Ram is an honest man.
I bought a HMT watch - I bought an HMT watch.

5.

thf;fpaj;jpy; Though-Tk; but-k; te;jhy; but I kl;Lk; ePf;fp vOJ.

Though he is poor but he is happy Though he is poor he is happy.
39

6.

thf;fpak; ing (working, writing) njhlq;fpdhy; gpd;dh; tUk; and I ePf;fp

vOjTk;.
Working hard and he passed Working hard he passed.

7.

Some verbs cld; Fwpg;gpl;l preposition kl;Lk; tUk;. (confident of , hope for,
met with, by foot, congratulate on)
Eg : He is confident on his success He is confident of his success
Let us hope through the best Let us hope for the best.
I met in an accident I met with an accident.
He goes to school by foot He goes to school on foot.
He congratulated of his success He congratulated on his success.

8.

NkYk; discuss, enter, told, despite Nghd;w thh;j;ijAld; cld; preposition

Nrh;e;J tuhJ.
They discuss about politics - They discuss politics (about tuhJ)
I enter in to the room I enter the room. (into tuhJ)
They told to me They told me. (to tuhJ)
Despite of his working hard , he passed the exam - Despite his working hard ,
he passed the exam. (of tuhJ)

9.

Neither. . nor, either . . or cld; singular verb (looks, is) tUk;.

Neither you nor he are active Neither you nor he is active.

10. Physics, Economics, Politics, Mathematics, Civics, News mLj;J singular verb
jhd; tUk;.
(Eg) The news is very good.
11. Some words are used only in Singular form. Eg: advice, furniture, meal.
He gave a lot of advices He gave a lot of advice.
I bought new furnitures I bought new furniture.
He has finished his meals He has finished his meal.
12. (Language) nkhopf;F Kd; the tuhJ.
We speak the English We speak English.
13. cyfj;jpy; cs;s xNu xU nghUis kl;Lk; Fwpf;f the article gad;gLj;jTk;.
Sun rises in the east The sun rises in the east.
14. Other Models
Two and two make four Two and two makes four.
He is my cousin brother He is my cousin.
No one know the answer No one knows the answer.
He plays piano very well He plays the piano very well.
15. thf;fpaj;jpy; as (my;yJ) since (my;yJ) because -Tk; so-Tk; te;jhy; so I kl;Lk;
ePf;fp vOJ.
As he is poor so he is proud As he is poor he is proud.
40

Q.No.23 Summarising [5]

(nfhLj;Js;s Paragraphs-I %d;wpy; xU gq;fhf RUf;fp Kjypy; Rough

draft gpwF fair draft vOjTk;. gpd;G Kjy; thf;fpaj;jpy; Title-f;Fhpa
Word or Phrase ,Uf;Fk;. mij title-f;F vOJf)
Rough Draft 1 Mark
Fair Draft 3 marks
Title 1 mark

SECTION-D
STRATEGIC COMPETENCY (LIFE-SKILLS)
IV.(A) Q.No.25 Fill in the blanks with non-lexical fillers in the following
conversation.
[2]
Customer
Salesman
Customer
Salesman

: Do you have any books by African authors?

: Er. . . . . We have books by international publishers.
: What is the price of this book?
: Mmm or Hmm Ill check the catalogue.
Er , Mmm kl;Lk; gjpyhf vOjpdhy; 2 kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;.

(B) Q.No.26 Giving three instructions based on a road-map.

Key Points

[3]

1. Go straight
2. Turn right my;yJ left
3. You will find _________________ opposite to ______________

III.(B) Q.No.24 Respond to the following advertisement

[10]

Wanted
Wanted Salesman. Graduate with fluency in English and Computer knowledge.
Apply with Bio-data to Box No.4231 C/o. The Hindu, Chennai -21.
From
Date : 29/09/2015
Xxxx
yyyy,
zzzz.
To
Post Box No. 4231,
C/o. The Hindu,
Chennai-21.
Dear Sir,
Sub : Application for the post of Salesman Reg.
Ref : Your advt. in The Hindu dt. September 28, 2015.
I saw your advertisement.I wish to apply for the post. I have enclosed my biodata.
Thanking you.
Yours faithfully,
41

xxxx

Bio-Data
1.
Name
: xxxxx
2.
Fathers Name
: yyyyy
3.
Date of Birth & Age
: 14.06.1990, 24
4.
Address
: 1, South Street, Tiruchirappalli
5.
Nationality
: Indian
6.
Sex
: Female
7.
Qualification
: B.Sc. (Phy) I Class
8.
Experience
: 5 years
9.
Languages known
: Tamil and English
If I am appointed, I will do my duties sincerely.
Place : Tiruchirappalli
xxxxx
Date : 29/09/2015
Signature
Address on the envelope:
To
Post Box No. 4231,
C/o. The Hindu, Chennai-21.

SECTION E
(Creative Competencies)
V.A) Match the proverbs with the meanings.
QUESTION No. 27 - 31
PROVERBS
1.
One flower makes no garland
2.
Waste not want not
3.
Pen is mightier than the sword

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

To err in human
Haste makes waste
United we stand, divided we fall
Work is worship
Truth alone triumphs
Blood is thicker than water

10.
11.
12.

Covet all, lose all

All that glitters is not gold
As you sow as you reap

42

[5 marks]

MEANINGS
A single person cannot be powerful.
Do not waste, be frugal.
Words can be more powerful than the
wars.
No one is perfect.
Hurry makes worry.
Union is strength.
Be conscious of your duty.
Always speak the truth.
Your relatives are more interested in
you.
Do not be over ambitious.
Do not be misguided by appearances.
Accept the result of your actions.

13.
14.
15.

Look before you leap

Make hay while the sun shines
Too many cooks spoil the broth

16.

17.
18.

Birds of the same feather flock

together
Better late than never
No pain, no gain

19.
20.
21.
22.

Seeing is believing
Strike while the iron is hot
Honesty is the best policy
Empty vessels make much noise

23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Many a drop makes an ocean

Manners maketh a man
Even Homer sometimes nods
Reading makes a perfect man
Borrowed garments never fit well
Rome was not built in a day
Brevity is the soul of wit
Where there is a will, there is a way

31.

Health is wealth

43

Think well before taking any action.

Act in the right time.
A work should not be entrusted to
many people.
Like minded persons always help one
another.
Even if delayed attend the meeting.
One cannot succeed without hard
work.
Do not believe in rumours.
Make use of every opportunity.
Always speak the truth.
People who talk more will achieve
nothing.
Small saving makes one rich.
You should learn good manners.
Even perfect people fail some time.
Try to read as much as possible.
Dont imitate others.
Nothing can be achieved at once.
Be short while speaking and writing.
Strong will power is needed to achieve
anything.
Take care of your health.

B)

Match the slogans with their relevant products.

QUESTION No. 32 - 36
SLOGANS
1.
Box of matches
Glass
2.
Ointments
3.
Eraser
4.
5.
Music system
6.
Micro tip pen
Cell phone
7.
Ice cream
8.
Credit card
9.
10. Boost
11. Detergent
12. Air Conditioner
13. Mobile phones
14. Camera
15. Motor bike
16. Watch
17. Mineral water
18. Radio
19. Shaving cream
20. Digital Camera
21. Tooth paste

Lens
Newspaper
Dictionary
Lipstick
Dress
Ball point pen
Tea
Gum
All out
Scooter
Calendar
Shoes
Shampoo
Computer
Mixi - Grinder
Car

22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.

PRODUCTS
Make fire in a rare way.
Handle with care.
For external use.
Erases everything but the past.
Hear more, enjoy more.
Flawless writing flows from this pen.
Talk more pay less.
Childrens delight.
Buy now, pay later.
Secret of my energy.
Cleans well and fine.
Bring Switzerland into your room.
Immediate contact.
Fine snaps.
For extra mile and smile.
Sharp time for sharp people.
Quench your thirst without bacteria.
Enjoy the news and songs.
A neat face in two seconds.
Say cheese and freeze.
Use for a while and get a sparkling
smile.
Gives clear vision.
World news for a rupee.
Increase your word power.
Paint the town red.
Modest and a smart look.
Flawless writing flows from this pen.
The cup that cheers most Indians.
Fixes everything except broken heart.
Have a peaceful sleep.
For smooth driving.
Printout the passing of days.
A comfortable some in a cosy hole.
Leaves your hair smooth and silky.
Doorstep to knowledge.
Kitchen mate.
Make the travel easier.

SECTION F (Extensive Reading)

VI. Write a general essay on any one of the following topics. [10]
44

1. RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Introduction : Rain is an important source of water. If it is preserved properly we
can reduce the water problem.
Benefits of harvesting : It increases the ground water level. When rain water is not
stored, it results in flood and soil erosion. Rain water reduces the demand for
drinking water and used for agriculture. It is a clean and salt-free. It reduces saltaccumulation in the soil which is harmful to plants and crops.
Means of storing : Everyone is to take pledge to construct rain water harvesting
system in all buildings. In turn, the underground water level is increased. The
benefit is immense.
Conclusion : Rain water harvesting is the need of the hour. It saves our money and
electricity. Hence we must use available water wisely.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Introduction : Pollution means making things dirty. It causes various problems.
Air Pollution : Air pollution means release of carbon-di-oxide in air. Vehicles,
Cement factories, tanneries and thermal stations cause air pollution. It causes lung
disease. It also affects the ozone layer.
Water Pollution : Industrial waste and domestic sewage mix with drinking water.
Industries use a lot of water which is discharged along with chemicals. Impure water
causes many water-borne diseases.
Noise Pollution : Cities are noisy. Loud speakers, automobiles distract our attention.
Factories, trains and vehicles make a lot of noise. It causes deafness, ulcer and skin
diseases.
Conclusion : Lead simple life. Have a peace of mind.
3. MY AMBITION IN LIFE
Introduction : Everyone should have an aim in life. One should develop an ambition
early in life.
Various goals : The ambition may vary from person to person. I want to become a
teacher. To achieve my goal I must work hard to serve the society.
Ideal Teacher : The teachers are the real builders of the nation. The world of
tomorrow will be born from the school today. Indias destiny is determined in the
classrooms.
Noble Profession : Teaching profession is a noble one. The teacher always moves
with children. The teacher is responsible for moulding the behavior of the children.
Conclusion : Now-a-days, teachers are respected. Hence I like this profession.

WISH YOU ALL SUCCESS

45