CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF

AGRICULTURE
SAN JOSE, PILI, CAMARINES SUR
COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION

LESSON PLAN IN ALGEBRA

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, students must:
1. Define what deductive and inductive reasoning are.
2. Use deductive and inductive reasoning in making valid conclusions.
3. Apply the concept of deductive and inductive reasoning in making valid
arguments in real-life setting.
II.
SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Deductive Reasoning and Inductive Reasoning
B. References: e-math Geometry book by Oronce and Mendoza pp. 23-30.
C. Materials: Cut-outs and slide presentation.
D. Skills to Develop: Analysis, critical thinking.
E. Concept: Use deductive and inductive reasoning in making valid
conclusions.
F. Values Integration: Camaraderie, team work, self-esteem.
G. Methodologies:3Is (Introduction, Interaction and Integration).
III.
PROCEDURE
Teaching Hints
Teachers Activity
Students Activity
A. Preliminar
y Activities
I.

1. Greetings

Good Morning Class!

Good Morning Maam!

2. Prayer

Let us all stand for the prayer.

(The teacher leads the prayer.)

(The students
prayer.)

3. Securing the Before you take your seats,

kindly arrange your chairs
Cleanliness
properly and pick up the
pieces of papers and plastics
scattered around you.
You may now take your seats.
4. Checking of
Who are the absentees for
Attendance
today?
5. Checking
the
Assignment

Do we have an assignment
class?

6. Recall/Motivatio
n

Ok. Lets have first a recap on

what have we discussed last
meeting.

stand

for

the

(The students arrange their

chairs properly and pick up the
pieces of dirt scattered around
them.)
Thank you maam!
(Beadle reports the names of the
absentees)
None maam!

Who can make a recap of what

we have discussed yesterday?
Thank you!
you really
lesson last
formulate

(Students raises hand will be

To test whether
called to make a recap of what
understand our
had been discussed)
meeting, let us
the
conditional,

converse,
inverse
and
contrapositive statements of
the given statement.
Statement:
A right angle is an angle whose
measure is

90 .

If an angle is right angle, then its

measure is 90.
If an angle measures 90, then it
is a right angle.

Now, who can write the

conditional statement of the
given statement?

If an angle is not a right angle,

then it does not measure 90.

Very good! How about the

converse statement?
If an angle does not measure
90, then it is not a right angle.

Brilliant! Since we already

know
the
conditional
statement,
we
can
now
formulate
the
inverse
statement. What would be the
INTRODUCTION
B. Presentation of inverse statement?
the Lesson
Awesome! How about the
(Student raises hand will be
C. Presentation of contrapositive statement?
called to read the objectives)
the Objectives
Excellent class! I think you are
now ready for the next lesson.

INTERACTION
D. Lesson Proper

Our lesson for today is all

about inductive and deductive
reasoning.
For us to be guided all
throughout the activity, I have
formulated
the
following
objectives. Who wants to read
the objectives?
Let us first discuss deductive
reasoning.
Deductive reasoning is a
basic form of valid reasoning.
Deductive
reasoning,
or
deduction, starts out with a
general
statement,
or
hypothesis which you assume
to be true, and then writes a
series of statements that leads
to a conclusion.

If we designate the general

statement to be if a, then b,
then we can give a particular
statement for a and get the
conclusion b.
An argument such this is
known as syllogism. A simple
syllogism is made up of 3
statements: a major premise, a
minor premise (both accepted
as true, and a conclusion.
The
following
sets
of
statements are examples of
deductive reasoning.
1. x: All football players are
muscular.
y: John is muscular.
z:
John is a football
player.
Juan is hospitable.
2. x: Intelligent students love
mathematics.
y: Glenn is intelligent.
z:
Glenn
loves
mathematics.
In the sets of statements
given, statement x is called
the general statement/major Teachers are good citizens.
premise, y is called the
particular
statement/minor
premise, and z is called the
conclusion.
In
these
syllogisms,
we
reasoned from a general
statement to particular or 20=8+12
specific statement. This kind of
reasoning is called deductive
a=20
reasoning.
Example :
x: Filipinos are hospitable.
y: Juan is a Filipino.
z: __________________________.

None maam.

What should be the conclusion

of these statements?
None maam!
Exactly!
Example:

x: Good citizens pay their

taxes.
y:
_____________________________.
z: Teachers pay their taxes.
What do you think is the minor
premise of these statements?
Brilliant!
How
example?

about

this

x: a=8+12
y: ___________.
z: ___________.
What would be the minor
premise of this example?

It is 31, 46 and 64.

I just follow the pattern by
adding 12 to 19, 15 to 31 and 18
to 46.

Awesome. If the minor premise

is 20=8+12, then we can now
come up with a conclusion. It is 15, 21 and 28.
What should be the right
conclusion?
Just like in letter a, I also follow
Do still have questions in the pattern by adding 5 to 10, 6
to 15 and 7 to 21.
deductive reasoning?
If there is no more questions.
Let us proceed now to
inductive reasoning.
Do you still have any
questions regarding deductive
reasoning?
Let us proceed to the second
type of reasoning which is the
inductive reasoning.
Inductive reasoning is the
opposite
of
deductive
reasoning. Inductive reasoning
makes broad generalizations
from specific observations.
This kind of reasoning uses
patterns among the given set
of data and use these patters
to make an educated guess.
This educated guess is called
conjecture.
Example:
a. 1, 4, 10, 19, ___, ___, ___
b. 1, 3, 6, 10, ___, ____, ___

Ellens conclusion was wrong

maam.
It does not necessarily mean
that CBSUA Tamaraws will be the
one to win the game. Although
CBSUA Tamaraws may win the
game, the reasoning made by
Ellen is based only on a few
cases. She did not think about
some factors that could affect
the game like line up of the
players, the condition of the
players and so on.

What should be the next three

numbers in a?
Very good! What did you do in
order to come up with these
numbers?

Yes maam!

Awesome! In letter b, what

should be the next three
numbers?
Good! But how did you obtain
15, 21 and 28?

INTEGRATION
E. Activity

Excellent class! Let us examine

the next example.
Example:
Ellen
knows
that
CBSUA
Tamaraws beat Ateneo Eagles
in basketball, and that Ateneo
Eagles beat the UST Tigers.
The CBSUA Tamaraws are
playing against the UST Tigers
in basketball today and she
predicts
that
the
CBSUA
Tamaraws will win.
Why do you think with Ellens
conclusion? Do you think it is
right?
Why do you say so?

F. Generalization

(Students are doing their activity

in an organize manner)

Deductive reasoning starts out

with a general statement, or
hypothesis which you assume to
be true, and then writes a series
of statements that leads to a
conclusion.
Inductive
reasoning
uses
patterns among the given set of
data and use these patters to
make an educated guess.

Excellent explanation! I guess

the whole class is now ready
for an activity.
Are you now ready for an
activity?
Directions:
1. Divide the class into 5

Yes maam!

groups.
2. Each group will be given
problems
regarding
deductive and inductive
reasoning.
3. Choose a representative
to present your work.
Rubrics:
Presentation 3pts
Accuracy
4pts
Cooperation 2pts
Neatness
1pt
Total
10pts
You may now start the activity.

Let us have a grasp of what we

have discussed today.
Again, what do we mean by
deductive reasoning?

Very
good!
How
inductive reasoning?

about

Exactly! Class, we actually use

the two types of reasoning in
real
life
setting.
When
someone asks us, without
noticing, we actually use the
two types of reasoning.
When
the
policeman
is
investigating a case, he is
using inductive reasoning in
order to identify the suspect/s
of a certain crime.
When we are given an
allowance by our parents and
we need to budget it for one
week, we are actually using
deductive reasoning.
Can
you
see
now
the
importance of deductive and
inductive reasoning in real-life
class?

That is good class! If you do

not have any question, please
get sheet of paper and
answer the following.

IV.

EVALUATION
Part I. Use deductive reasoning in writing the general statement, particular
statement and a conclusion as required in each of the following.
1. x) Filipinos are industrious.
y) ________________________.
z) ________________________.
2. x) ________________________.
y) Fr. Mark is a priest.
z) Fr. Mark is religious.
3. x)

b=2 x 3+23

y) _______________________.
z) _______________________.
Part II. Use inductive reasoning in continuing the patterns below. Describe the
patterns you found.
4. 2, 8, 20, 38, ___, ____, ____.
5. 5,15, 30, 50, ___, ___, ____.
6. 1, 5, 13, 25, ___, ___, ____.
7. 3(5)=15
3(6)=18
3(7)=21
3(8)=___
3(9)=___
3(10)=____
V.

ASSIGNMENT
In your notebook, research for the definition of a point, line and plane.

Prepared by:
Salvacion M. Escarlan
Math Student
Teacher
Checked by:
Melcha Juminto
Cooperating
Teacher