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srinivasulu.mulam15@gmail.com

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nqTd+<q+ #d yd+~. n+f Xs+ b+< Cq XSq+
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XSq+, n< dwe T\+, n< |se .
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n< eTT. n~ b+<& k<q esZ\T # eHsTT. HeT+, sq ,
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@ k<q <sHH y e#T. uj
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]wy T q <] n #| +. me] Xs, eqd nqTL\\qT{
ysT y] q k<q qT m+#T= < <s b+<TsT.
< |j D+ + qT+& d + y| y & | esZ\
@< < <s sT>TqT. e n<e TT +f C >V +#e .
d + nqTue + m b+<Te? HqT | k<q \T @MT #jT qT
n+f #jT . C\T $qT, C\T #<T e. n+f ^|<X y ,
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$q+&. MT |r D+ C n\yT|&TqT. C\ +&+
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e +| <s|& d eTTqT nqTu$ +#>\ e.
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nqTu d +. n< CqXSq+, n< |se . nV+s+ L&q
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bs\T C\T. n$ MT > q, q C\T. C\,
d eTTq nd\T b*< T . d + s \T, bs \T, MT ydq\T
+&e. d + yMT n+ djT+ nqTue +. MTsT nqTH MT
J$+ MTsT nqTq$, +#$ n C.
8

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MT yTT<{ @ <e +, @ eT+ +& | X J$+#&T.

sT y |+#u <e + dw q& sD+ n y{
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leTHsj T DT& T (X S q+, C q X S q+, | s e ), < e & T n
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nqe#T, H <e&T eTs=sT <e&T < }be#T. |&T MTsT
]& ksTT <e&T nqe#T. eTs <e&T &T , dw n+ ksTTeTjT+
nqe#T. MT nusTT ~ |be#T. MT eTqTeT&T eTs=]
<e&T> d]+#e#T. + = <e& dw+ #Te#T.
n+f MT yTT<{ eTT b+<& ` b+<< ? nqT b+<&T
nqT=+f n< <e& MTsT =qk+#e#T < MT \T nqT=q
<e eTT b+< bsTT +f |&T MTsT nqT=H <e&T <s
L& eTT b+<s T <? n+f <eqT es&+ <T. @~ <+?
@~ neds+ ?
d + >V d MTs <e X nqTu$ +#>\ sT. n+f n~ MT
| e + <e& dw+ #T=HsT.
<e&T +
MT <e&T +
MT nusTT <e&T +
MT eTqTeT& <e&T +
d + @~?
n~ m|&H +#s?
m+\+ <eqT esT >&T |sT?
d + nqTue + m|&T?
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| Jeq y<+
dwe T\eTT qT+& ={ @s&T dw n+ @s&
esq dw q n d X \ @s&y &T eqe&T. dw
dV >TD+ bs+_+#&+` dw+ #&+ ` =qk+#&+ `
n++ ne&+ ` eTs bs+_+#&+ ` dw+#&+ `
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yTT\T, Jy| n+f #T q y{| #d q JeH nqTL\+
#dT = q nqTL\ ~X |j D+ #jT &+ yTT<\T|{&T .
bs+ q ~| eTT =k] nqTL\, =k]
nqqTL\\T m<Tse&+ n> #T q | eqe& ~|
$HXq+ u]+ u]+ @< |<e+ se&+ < eTw
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|< qeTT <d+ dw @ $HXqyTH #kqH kse TT
uj
T + L& |]bsTTq~. yT<d T , ks+ , , uj
T +
qT+& eqy <e, eT\T, y<\T, T\T.
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10

|+# Jeq y<\T

n++ ne&+ |be&+ uj

T +, , ks+ q dV
\D
\T n sTT <T'K+, qs+ , u<\ J$dTH &T n+f eTw
dV \DyTq | |<q \D\T bs+uX ` dwX `
=qk> T X q+< | & T , n+ + nj T X | < T .
bs+_+#&qT nH~, n++ ne&+ nH~ |, ] bs+u+
neqT nH Cq+ sTT q > =qk>* nH ks+ ,
uj
T + | X |P]> j&T. | dV \D
+ |=
+f m> eTs bs+_+#&&T | eT\X
#]b&T. n+f eTw # q + +f + qyT q # q + #s &T.
Cq+ sTT , ks+, ujT+ J$ qs+ #dT=
qT m+ m<TsT ~H n++ ne&+ | <T. n++ ne&
eTT+<T eTw dV # q \D
\T H\T>T |< q \D
\T bs+u+
` dw ` =qk+| ` n++ ne&+ nH dV \D
\T sTT,
bs+uX sTT, dw X sTT, =qk+| X sTT, HqT
n++ neqT nH < |qT n < dyT bs& ,
ks+ , uj
T +, <T'KeTT, H\T>T \D
\H n+yT sT y
qyTq |&T , ks+ , uj
T +, <T'KeTT H\T>T \D
\H
qeT mH q\T mT qq <T'U |+#T=+
J$+ qs+ #dT =+TH&T.
yTT H\T>T | |< q \D
\ n++ neT+~. eTs
H\T>T | |< q \D
\ dw+ #&TT+~. eTw q H\T>T
| |< q \D
\ m+<T q+ ne&+ <T . < ,
ks+, ujT+, <T'K+, y q dH& eed #]bsTT eTw
d H& eed dV+> +&e\dq bs+uX, dwX,
=qk+|X, n+eTjT dV X \ T sTT y{ kq+ ,
ks+ , uj
T +, <T'K+ nH$ #] q q ny |+#T= |&TTH&T.
eTV] <q+ Hq

11

| |s+ > eTw HH H& eed n+f d H&eed

dV eTT> +&$, +&e\dq$ bs+uX , dwX , =qk+|X,
n+eTjT X. ny | eT\X dV\D\T. dw |
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\T , ks+ ,
uj
T +, <T'K+ b dw # JesX\T, | \T, yTT\T
n+yT q T eTw n+f HqT n++ nsTT m>T, njT uujYT H
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$ H J$+ qs+ , HqT |qT, HqT + +&*. +
nqTu$ +#*. dw H (n+f eTw) +&*, u $T
HXq+ #X #+<T& sT y $T> >V \qT, deTT< n&T>T u>eTT,
X+ L& H +&*. H (n+f eTw) n++ neL&<T .
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|=+f d]bjT~ <. |e m+<T+f e eTw$. eTw
n+f | <syT $HXqX> es&+ . eTw dw+ #T=q n_e~
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+.
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12

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eTV] <q+ Hq

13

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14

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15

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17

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18

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19

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21

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nqTuy \T eH e] < e #d~ de+ d+ +q.
eTV] <q+ Hq

25

<+ n+f
<+ n+f n
\ Td T = @MT * j T +&
be&yT. y @< \
H mT= Xq+ +B
]+ d|\ + #dH n~ ~>TqT.
n~ k~ + # b sTTH
nd+| yT<&T H \+
n~ ~|+> eTT < T . n~
@< H d s u y T H n+
<yTH n+. uyTH,
<yTH H m+#T
q~ ~+# T +f >
eTTs <T. e bjT|{ H e m+#Tq$ n ~+#Ty*.
e] @$T<T e #b\+f eTw J$+ n H
<] ` eTs H ~+|e&yT J$+. n~ @ J$yT q ds `
=+<sT u \ T y+qqT H +#T= y+qH e+& 60 y\
T\T, sq \T yXsT. 60 y\ T\T, sq \T ~+#TH eTT.
=+<sT y\ T n< de ns#\qT H +#T= y\
|<\T yd +< ~+#TH eTTb+<sT. e n e~*
< H+#Tq es < HqT+& ~+|>
eTT<T.
eT+ m+#TH n~ yT<&T D\ #] <dyT s+s+
|+ \ eTT Hsy s T +{&T. n+f ydq\T eT+ nsTTH #&T
nsTTH eT+ m+#T+f eT+ s\T ` #&T nsTT #&T s\T
26

|+# Jeq y<\T

` #&T s\e\q eTw eT\+ #*+ #*. < , wy ,

|]esq H #&T ~>TqT. eT+ m+#T+f \ eTT n~
k~+#TH n~ ~>TqT ` #&T , eT+ n~ ~>| # &
e |sY eqe nejTy\| @< <| |sY|& nHs>+
e#TqT. _.|., w>s,Y & |s TT\sY, n\sY, VsYm {, @<
{. H n nejTeeTT\T k+>> e+&Te\q |< |>T esq|&
>jT+<s |sY ]C nsTT+~. H >jT+ H| H < T . mTe+{
ys d t <T nHsT &s Y . me]H @<H |sY e |sY @<H
nejTe+| =& eTw w>s, _.|.H, VsYm { e>, s>+
e> |sY beqT. ~ ||+# |d~ ddT\ |j>+
*+~. V$Tj y< + n+ <. >T+& T ed < eT+<T
esT. >T+& |sY se& sDyTq & #q eT+<T ksT .
|$ nH |sY # +&~. He\ @ |P s> L &< eT+q+
$|e sY H e+~. H uj
T +, u me. J$+`uj
T +, u
T++`uj
T +, u , de+`uj
T +, u | `uj
T +,u e `
uj
T +,u <e&T ` uj
T +,u # me. bDuj
T + f< T .
n uj
\T eHsTT. eq He\q @ |P s>< T . 2 d+es\
qT+& H & |]bsTT+~. e# >=| nqTu , >=|
d + \TdTHqT ` b+<TTHqT. H e\q | s> b sTTq
mesH \VqyTq * eqd \Vq e\H dy
H| +<y d H \ 20 y\ eT+~ |\\ T m+ u<| & sT. H
us|\\ m+ neeq+. n+{+f H 45 d+es\ qT+&
mH c\T|& k~+q nqTu , deeTTq |j >+ +&
beqT nH & # |]bsTT+~. m+<T+f eTw #
u<\ T +f # u<\ T |+#T+{sTT ` eq eTw n+
& +&<T . H n+ eTT+<T dt u> #b*, n+<]# u>
#sTT+#*, H \ 20 y\eT+~ |\\ qT q+<|s # *, us|\\ qT
eTV] <q+ Hq

27

q+<|s # * nH # & +&~. <VsD <jT + &T u<,

eT<V+ neeq+ u<, kjT+\+ +u<, s + u<
+f eTw n+ & e+&<T .
n u<\ T ~bsTT u< e+f n~ # &. H n<
]+~. H |$ u+ >+ \TZHy n H de+ m& ]>
+& u> &> e+&y&. eTq dt |\\ T | mesT
\T\T H <>sZ \&H ` H \& e\deH # &. <
s&T |q >, dT>, s >, @ c| H y e\ded #
& m n+f @ * H H #sTT bsbTq * * @$T{
*+~ #sTT n+f q\TZsT #] m+ |sT e e ` B H \
20 y\ eT+~ |\\ T, H T+u m+ #& |sT ` + H k~++~
deeTTq n+~+# +& nsTTbeqT. 45 d+es\ w+ &<
bdq |sT n>TqT n &. n> dt, sTTH nsTT m&
>T \TH n H #T \T dV +> | q |{ q&e&+ eHXqT.
s +&T #T \T *| eTT+<T |T q&e&+ m+ w+ . #T \qT
dV +> }>#y& <T n> #|e&+ L& #dyD
<T.
n |$ nH & >jT+| =fd ]| njqT.
>jT+ b @< nejTeeTT| fdT qT H nejTeTT\T k+>>
eHsTT. n+<T & me] |+# +& nCe TT e+<eTT
nqTHy&. >jT+e\q ]|t njqT. + eTT+<T &
T nC+ > Ve\jTeTT\ y[b jTy&. >jTeTT
|&T ]|t nsTT+~. |&T n y[by\ n|+#&+ <T .
eTw s +&T s\ n+X\T +{sTT. (1) neds\T (2)
]\T. neds\T nH$ CH+~j\ |+& d++>
yT<&T d+ \T |+|$. d+ \T eTw *jT+&H sT>TqT.
n$ (1) >* (2) sT (3) Vs+ (4) < (5) Xs neds+ <T
neds\T.
28

|+# Jeq y<\T

]+f CH+ ~j\ de#s+. yT<&T qT |s |+#$ ]\T.

>* #d >* |\Ty\ nqT&T. >* XsD
C\ neds+ .
{ s+s+ d++> ]> n+X+ ` n~ |jT +> <T. sT
#d >&+ <T. MT u& sT neds XseTT yT<&T
|+| d+ + n~ neds+ . * ` MT DC\ X >>Z H MT
JsXjT+ eTeTT\T nsTT * H\ |+ yT<&T
|+| n~ neds+ . Vs neds+ sT n~ <T ~ y* n
+&<T.
n< MTsT Vs|< se TT\qT #d H\|d n~ ] neds+
<T. |uk& >* n|d n~ neds+ <T ]. n~ > MT
&T | m+ sT n>TH fy T *jTe<T eTqdT. >T u>T+{~
n #| qT. n< MT <V+ nsTT >~ sT. MTsT n*db
e#~ < n~ neds+. eT+<T , |< < #Te&+
]. n> Xs neds+. MT >+~, d |sTw >+<T\T
# q + nsTT n~ Xs neds+ . n+> ` MTsT eTqdT Xs
nedse TTqT >TsT #T = d n~ ].
100 deTd\T deq+> eqy&T V #dT &T.
100 deTd deTd reyT $T> deTd\T \VqyT H
deTd e\H V #dT +{&T. < V <u< eq ]
=&T &s Y dT, nesTT |+&, ] deTd, bC eT<
+~, \+>D e#TH, s<, +& nHs>+ e+~, qL
nHs>+ deTd e+~, nqT nqTq sjT HjT&T \+>D
d.m+. ny*, q | mT, ET \T| deTd\T e+f nqT
sE n deTd\ es&T. eq V #dT &T. n<
eTV] <q+ Hq

29

$T>$ n q$ nsTT u> q deTd $T* n< |< deTd>

V #dT +{&T. n deTd\T q$ nsTT, u> e +T&
|$ eT+> e+&\H + @< n+X+ +f
yTk|t d... +f |< &, 100 +|\ d... \ +f
me & ` eT+> e+&* nqTe&+ |$+> e+&* n
nqTe&+.

sT u j s q |&T @ >* e+&<T . >* m+#T=

|jD+ s&T s|& *+#T+ >eTeTT #sT n<
>* jT e#es |j D+ #d #d s&T s|& s+<+|&
>* bj u jT<d e#TqT. J$yT H n+. u $T|
e#|&T m> Hy u $T qT+& y |&T n>
y eTT. |T #e eT< # m+#T= ~+#T+{+.
= k~+H = k~+#b sTTH \yT ~+|qT. T
C<T k] |*bsTT+~.
T s>+ +{~.
T k] sdT ne&+ j&+{ eTw eTsD+ +{~.

MN

30

|+# Jeq y<\T

< m+<T y sT
| eTw | q dT>TD\T >+, |q , +q nDTe
nDTeq | eT\X nqTue + +&TqT. > q, q
ydq\ eTsT>Tq |&b eqT. ydq\T =\+#T=+f eTw nd\T
ds|yTq qT, deTTqT nqTu$+#>\&T. k<q nH n
XseTTqT, eTqdTqT <V d, eTw q dV ds|yT q qTue
# q + +{&T. n< <y qTue +.
<+ y| y[qysT sD\ e\q y sT.
1. uj
T +, u , +q.
2. Cd.
3. , >T]+|.
4. < eTTdT>T neds\T, ]\T rsTe#T.
5. sT \| ~| + #jT e#T. eTq+ me] n<T|
+&qeds+<T.
6. s>+`eTq <s \T |]|Ps+ > s]+#e#T.
7. H eTeTTqT q+ #j *.
8. ejT\T, n<T\ s D.
m$T~ n+X\T <s <+ y sT.
| m$T~+{ e T es+Z uj
T +, u , +q <+
y&+.
seTDT&T, dT , T<T& T , eTVMsT&T H ysT.
s +&e e T es+Z Cd k$T HsjTD ysT.
eT&e e T es+Z s>+ eTq <s \T.
$T>$ sT y kH\T MTsT <d+ y THs >V +#+&.
eTV] <q+ Hq

31

e eTw Jeq+

#T | dw eT\+ y| + ##TqT. +~ ysT L&

n&T>TqT+& n< dwe T\+y| ##TqT. #T + msT +&TqT.
dw eT\X qT+& eq HqT eT\ \D
q >+, nqTu ,
s\+, keT+, |X+ ny u$T| y<* eTs
#sT qT n eTT q eT\X y | #d, eT\X nqTu
nqTu$ d eT\X u $T| y< \T , u $T| q <s \qT @
ks+ , @ nV+s+, @ $HXq \D
\T +& eTqeTT> s+s+
s]+#TqT.
eTw L& n< dwe T\X nsTTq |se <e X qT+& n+f
CqXSq+ qT+& eH, msT +& s+s+ m|& @<
ks+ , nV+, $HXq \D \, n ydq\ qs+ nqTu$ d,
H uT $| XX+> +&by\ $$< s\ nV+s\ L&q
], , ks+ , ~| +, $HXH\T #d , u yT H XX
yd+ ny\, q eT\X nqTu <e X y , d yTq
CqXSq+ H nd\T yd+ n >V +# qs+ nqTu$ dTH &T
m|&T q eT\X d + >V k& n|& eTT. n< q ks .
32

|+# Jeq y<\T

nV+
eTw @< nV+ +fH <HH +{&T, #k&T ` @
nV+ b eTw <qT +&& T , #jT &T . nV+ n+f | >
u$+#s<T ` eTw Hq m+#Tqy ydq\T. ydq nV\T>
ss|+ n>TqT. seTDT&T #|~ nV+ qdH d + nqTu$ ke
n+{sT ` eT] nV+qT m q+|#j
*. n& eTqdTH
q+|#j
* n+{sT. eT] eTqdT +fH nV+<? n+f neqT
eC e+H =j*. nV HHe ] nH |X H =j*
n+{sT n+f e m+#Tq nV y ~+#Ty* n n~
ss|+ #dH ~>TqT ` nV sD+ @$T{ n nHwD
#dH ~>TqT. < &Tb deeTT eTq J$+ w+ n
MTsT m+#T n #q\T | <| +B]d &T m
d+b~+# | nDTe s& nsTT w| & k~ke ` k~+#
@$T<T . &T neds\T rsTqT> &u J$+ <T n `
n n MTsT yT y<++ &T neds+ <T n+f n~ keT],
ndeTsT& #q. s +&s+ ysT ` &T me] ` m+<T ` <
H<? Hq+f mesT n nHwD #dH MT &T nq< beqT.
yTT<{~ keqT\T #j *. s +&~ < e\ T #j *.
MTsT &T d+b<q MT eTqdT XseTTqT @ +#d e
@># d n< J$+>#d d+b~+ ` n~ b+< @$T<T n
eTqdT e~* s j ` n< < TTw ` M{ sD+ @$T{
eT\qT nHw+ d + nqTu$ +#&+ . <s \qT T++, e,
] de <s \qT H +#T+f y{ k~+#& |k sT `
=+<sT <+ n <s \qT H +#T y{ +&sT .
d e+yT q $#sD #d eT\+ nqTu$ +#sT ` MTsT nT nsTTH
y+&. T nsTTH y[ @ <] nH~ $T> qydq\T {
eTV] <q+ Hq

33

+{sTT. MT > q <s \T s]+#b MTsT <s \T y | y sT

` MT <s eTT > qqT qqT |]|Ps+ nsTT dwe T\
nqTu nHwD #ksT ` n$ MT ydq\T { +{sTT. < q+
n me] #| + #| L&<T .
n+<T ~X+sT&T nV+ Vd' nHsT. nVyT <e+.
eT\+ n+f eT\X |se jT <e + ` =] nV+
+&TqT. n +fH ysT #ksT .

s\T :
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

&T nV+
] nV+
e nV+
nV+
s|+ nV+
nV+
b+& nV+
k<q nV+
< nV+
MTsT |y{ @< nV+ H+#T= $T>y{
\Vq|] < $T*d n< MTsT nsTT k~+#T+{sT `
n|&T @~ +&<T ` dweT\ nqTu +&TqT ` n<
ds|+ ` n< eTT ` @+ L& nVyT ` @+
k~+#TH nV+ ~>TqT ` n|& q+<+ ` mesH |* +
e#T es |& @eTTq< q+<+. |*+ b+< @$T
+&<T CqXSqyT.
34

|+# Jeq y<\T