MODULE 8: GENETICS

Day 1 of 7

Phenotype rap

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I. How are traits passed from parent to offspring?

A. Traits
1. Traits are physical or physiological
characteristics of an organism.
Ex. height or blood type
2. The term phenotype is used to
describe the physical expression of the trait.

Phenotype = physical
Ex. short/tall or blood Type A/Type B

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Chemical basis of traits

DNA is the molecule

that contains the
information to make
proteins, which control
our traits.
A section of DNA that is
used to make a protein is
called a gene. There are
many genes (hundreds)
on a single chromosome.

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Eukaryotic organisms chromosomes

exist in Homologous pairs.One is
inherited from the sperm and one is
inherited from the egg. Each pair of
chromosomes contains genes for the
same traits.

Although the genes on

homologous chromosomes
may code for the same trait,
slight differences in the DNA
sequences may lead to
different forms of the protein.
This creates slightly different
versions of the same trait.
Each version is called an
allele.
Ex. Blue and brown are two
alleles of the eye color trait.

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Genotype is the term used

to describe the
combination of alleles
present in an organisms
chromosomes.

Genotype = gene
An allele is usually
represented by a single
letter. Thus, a genotype
is usually represented
by two letters.

Homozygous
If an individual inherits
identical copies of an
allele from each parent
the individual is
considered
homozygous (pure
breeding).
Ex. AA, aa

Homo = same

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Heterozygous
If an individual inherits different
alleles from each parent the
individual is considered
heterozygous (hybrid).
Ex. Aa

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Mendelian inheritance includes any trait

which has only a pair of contrasting
alleles and one of the alleles is
dominant to the other allele. These
traits will follow Mendels principles of
heredity.
Make

a Metacognitive Log chart.

Complete 5 things on each side by watching the
video.
Show me when you are done.
Punnett Squares with Mendelian genetics

Independent Activity
Part 1
1.Complete

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the next 3 slides on your own

by going to my website and finding
todays PPT.
2.Make sure to take notes in your travel
journal.
3.Watch the Amoeba Sisters video link
with earphones (or as low as possible if
you do not have any).
4.Then complete the following link found
on slide 14

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Probability and Inheritance

Punnett developed a graphical
method to predict the results of a
cross between two parent
organisms. These are called
Punnett squares. A Punnett square
shows all of the possible outcomes
each time gametes from the two
parents combine.
Monohybrids and the Punnett Square Guinea Pigs - YouTu
be

2. Steps to solving a Punnett square:

a. Assign each allele (form of the
trait) a letter.

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Problem: Tongue rolling is dominant to non-rolling.

Tongue rolling R ; Non-rolling r

b. Determine the genotype of each
parent based on the information in
the
problem.
Problem: Cross two heterozygous individuals.

Parent 1 Rr ; Parent 2 Rr

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c. Set up the Punnett square by putting one

parents genotype across the top and the
other down the side of the square. These
represent possible gametes.
R
r
R
r

Independent Activity Pt
2

slide 14

Complete the activity:

1.Click the link below.
2.View the tutorial first.
3.Then follow the instructions.
Make a Bunny

slide 15

Homework
Complete the SpongeBob Squarepants
worksheet for homework.