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|wzZ=
}ha> R fhU }wnJ {eY {hU
pAneH YH rAnU {@
dU \R {hdU
U phT}U phYH ncR
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n\A nf= @ Y nhU cU ni oJn>

}U hR {@ {
Y ngeUn_Y {e> pfh phedL {LS dL phfeU

H hL dL q_f U pH{eU |w RqhU w pe pH{Y

@U nhU pT}U p`U w zhZ> }g> p`U qfb> PdU
wn> }[_U oT> yd[> ngfU hdU {x
U
neT {>

n\U
dU
...ini

R
nb> ]>

ngKl= nS ncU |w R i (dU ^aA) fhU {hU

= n@ nY
U|= Y ncR w n }_Y }haU dU \R {hU
sgfY
~heY
nfnedL Y }aeU i ne= pinbeU dL ~T}>
{gU
edL

.phYnY pH{eU R L

{= U n=ncU _= dL |w =nT R fhU {hU

{S
R > L pIni nw{@R }bU A Y }ha> dL n^AY
nwkY phf= dhU n=ncU |w hYn\Y R }g^> phi}bU pRnbU
dU \R {hU
n Yni f> phi}bU {nb_U Y }hcU R

5

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

YnT
...}haU R phYnY L hU ow nY Y }bU Y

R nAn]Y) nT }Zfi RnbU YH ~T}eU R ni}x

n _@}Y cx h edL
nil= phYH
pceU f`U (phi}S

nxn\S

hRU Un_> UeU hdnH g?n= g>n=nT R ncU hAndU

ned_dU fhU }wnJ {eY {hU
pAneU n]_U Y {x~Y {x{U
...ohY heH i L
ReU dU
QmaT
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}S|dT |wzX

GdT zdX
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/ v oghmT md?

***

gga=

gga=
pR}_Y nw {eY
zhZU oT }bU A Y }ha> hhb> R
=}> }ha> :}bU A Y :()}aeU
}haU =nT R

p\=ni phT}A Y p_YnU }hHnaU Y { _ x YnI Lne@

hA {eY
{hU
w U keU hR d]i .pbx}_U phYH pxhUn=
U
nhA R e_x infdU }]bU R H nedL eU Y dU \R

R i}bU
o]S {hH
_f nY }h^i .pxf_eU pxneU nhU nY T
qhU w L n hUn_> hdL n ah\Y }bU K R }ha> R
Y n HnfY deU hU ph=}> R
?
Y ...nY~U Y T
A] f_Y Y ph=}U pedcU ne= =}U =n]U }haU dL od`x
R nin= nb> R {x
{A U _x padeU >nY T

phLne@ ph_h]U
h= Y ncU h= LnaU hcU
phdeL

= =dHj= }haU |w nex |cw R dU pRB hbU

_x neY
x~fU jeU ed_U dH h= fh= ~eU Y }U
...= n Y}`Y _Y Lnax d_x n =|@ hU nbU |x n _ ncU

()

LnR U pH{beU
S

zhZU ()
pfx{Y R hbx hR}_eU ngbaU {A pR}_Y nw {eY
|w R naU kY {L
U { }bU dL }haUn= pnB pxnfL n \x U ed_U nw~T}Y R
.bU
.phYH d_dU px}U p_YnU / }aeU
}haU ()

oXzadT

oXzadT

g@|T d@|T cT <

{eY
dU {eU
hdH}eU >nB dL U [U heUn_U
.hYnheU U dL

x}cU }bU }ha> }S dL n [x}A n hi

xJ Y |fY qfT
bnS {> {heU dU ncU pbhe_U in_eU dL b> phL }S
.>nI
}bU A Y }ha> bU |w R n[Y w

Y cx ne=

dU \R hA {eY {hU
nHU
e^_U dU px ^_eU
zhZU phYnY }aY
}= {A }bU R nhU eY }ha>
.M H}]U

|B ?
bY R x qfT
pH{U bY R nZU H
dY cZ= ngfY fL U gZeU }hHnadU >}S R HUn=

_U A}edU }bU }ha> R ~heU }ha>

hA {eY {hU
pY
.px}caU >Yj>
R {d bY cx U |U nJn]U
pdh[U |w
A Y }ha> }b= S pHnfY U qdcI
>{@R ng_Y pinbeU }B }hHnaU nhH R {x{@ Y }bU
9

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

n bR ..phU
n^AeUn= n hfQ

YjU
}U ncRn= s\x
}ha>
ni nhA R dU nT _ax
T}A
n hedL h sgfeU
n hdeL

hR pQ=
Y nhHn= dU \R {hU
neH nY }L deU
n h=
qi U }hHnaU _= R neT h_S
dL }h?j> nei
fY

U n_U R qS}`H U U nL R qbd R n ha

neY
}T QU

.ai }bU @ R }`>

R gfY dL S U qAn> }bU A Y }haU |w >}S
nfnedL Y }aeU
i ne= pinbeU Y ncR w
}haU

.phYnY pH{eU Y L

{hU
{fL }haU sgfY H {[= T U i dL }hT|U `fx cU
}haU swnfY pH{U q[[B
U nH{U w neT n [UnB dU \R
Y }haU R gfeU phHnH yYeU _= U }hI qUnA =
.pH{U |w eU n Yx R L nbh]U _=

U yh> {S
}BkY
{ U ()n=ncU _= dL dJ
ng>n^AY ^_Y R {@R }bU A Y }ha> dL |B

phi}bU pRnbU > L pIni

phYnY L }hHna> dL J
A Y }a=
ng}bU
A> n=ncU |w ng_Y qUnA p@ U
= J dL {x}R ngi {@ U U }U
ncR _= }bU
w pe
L nehR }haU bA R YnY }dU {Y ng>{@
p^AeU |w dL pdYjT .x}aeU
nedT R R qhU

:UnU i

.}w~U nHjY nhadB nT R neT ()

10

oXzadT

R n Hj= dU \R {hU
Y fU }c> R
{x A
qUnR A
nf= Y B B Y U cx

{hU
n=ncU |w
ijT }U |w pLnfZ= }bdU
= }ax
neY
A>

hR cx ne=
i nhi oi L ng_Y qUn> p@ U dU \R
_Y nbU {hH qS R (naU) pL}ZeU }hQ nS_U Y
{hU
nJn]U {hU
}U |w

Y pan]U L Y {L nB neY
.n]`U InT hA {eY
zhZU U

mX md f T z g T... A
ph\S
R Un_> US }ha> R

fL ij= U dU \R {hU
[ : }L] md f = G X md f e K
}R
:[dY
n }L }haUn= U }B Y R
negU neg>L gK
ng= }x U _U f_e= hU }eU hU = L }Y
U
{_= n? Y neghdL }gK nY w = }T ybx neY
}_eU \_U
p`h dL nf= dU \R {hU
}T nY {_H }ZU }e? Y negdT
newn>H nbU pR}_eU _U = }eU nT dR neg>H R eU
.()f eU p`h[=
U neU {i
{hU phYnY L }hHna> dL }_eU d]x
_U }T R oU H]U zhZU }T {bR {@
y }Y
f eU eU p`h[=
aB hcR ()e@ hhI Y hhI T
Y {_U w =}bx nY dL hU i Y U }_eU dL
x
}_eU U _U R .pRn pfx}b=
}wn^U

./ :nhadB ()
. / :nhU ()
11

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

n Hj= {x U dU \R {hU
^_Y nB U|U

nB nY x}aeU

.U R

\R {hU
}T = Qb_x d _> QHx L x{A R

U i Y U Y _U }`HnR Une@ nH pde@ Y dU

{S nT
@ w neR n \x U sfH i {@U ~heU }ha> dL dJ
!p=}`U

R U n_U _= h}_eU _= |x
nA

U }hQ nhi Y ph[_eU S }wnK neY

}bU A Y }ha>

n HnH bx dU \R {hU
sgfY Y x}cU }bU }wnK w nY Y

U dL ]_x ?
pex}cU nx }ZU = aU sgfeU dL
.g^U |w Y {x
n`U |w x~x ne=

nghR {x U }hHnaU ^_Y R n_U |w Y dL

.pex}cU nx }I nbY R gi n }eU nY n Hj= }aeU

ncY }ni zhZdU Y }ha> R {bR U dL neT

{i n]hZU nA R S |gU .. :Q p[S

R }hZU

nHU }= R }geU L{B = ~i veU R HH=

.phin]hZU

..}bU }_x
neT phgU }YU nh[_U paUneU pJ R bH =

..eA dU pec= edL Y U n]hZU {L pb=nU }^i Y

n]hZdU d x ngYnbx nHU T
{x U nT
{S i
12

oXzadT

dL S nY S
< Z K
:Un_> US }ha> R .()nA T
`U
nY Y |B Q :}hZU nS [ : J] _Q

g@ T {S nfw nT neU JnB nbL

Y InfU inh[U
e_U

.()Q = deL L }L
{bR ..n wnI
}>
{S
L QHY p[S
R hcU }Sn= {eY {hU
{>
Un> deL L {>
()}ae= L{U eA dL {S R

.()YS nbi pfhe? p}R U|= h

rhA ]bU dS

}hHnaU ^_Y R n_U |w Y {bR }Y Y cx negY

_= {h[>
_U nx nedR nhiU h^_U ~T}eUn= e>

R ngfY naH }bU A Y }ha> R n_U
pR}_Y {L K
.!}hHnaU ^_Y R nw n_U |w Y p_h]= }bU

dL [ : J] hm T X zaK c @
:Un_> US }ha> R

pfcU x~x dU jH Qi dU \R {hU
}T QHY nU
L nB neY
}U |w Y U Y _U }`HnR inU R
.()nx}eU
_= hR {S =}`= nA nei x}aeU

qR{gH }BkY
}gK U n=ncU |w {@ i dL
{eL ngilR h edL
sgfY U {f> }bU A Y }ha>

|w {eL p@ U }B n> phnbi n> n_U h]b> U

./ Y }ha> ()
./ ai {[eU ()
./}bU dL ()
./ai {[eU ()
. / :i n= @ ()
13

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

U n=ncU
Y dbU gH Y w neY
ph_]eU n]Bn= rZU

x}^i
{x{U }B dU \R {hU
oT U hU @}U

neT ai }bU A Y }ha> U @}U Y = nL cZ=

fU
L rx{U R {x{> nbh]U _= R nbU {hH
i
.Qhx

px}caU beU _= f > dL bx n=ncU |w sgfY neT

px}caU }\U ned eU Y ngijT nbdU ng= g^U pUnY
beU |w hR {i qS R pan]U hJnH nedL Y L {fL

{x sgfeU |w Y lR ned_U dL ax .gfh= }hT {@ Y

.pR}_eU }caU {wn_Y U h=feUn= hdx i n edL pRnbU }caU
dL R nY{bY
: p?? [R U ncU qeS
{S |w
YH
}caU R nhi ~T}Y R :inU = [ x nY x}cU }bU

.nhi [S _= R :rUnU

egT zdX

v /H
/ YX
/ mH

14


Z`T

|aT cK Q mXzaX

15

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

|g`T
Y Un_> dU n YT a= x}cU }bUn= f_x d_T ()}haU
AnfY x}cU }bU nL L ad U U{Y L rU rhA
fY feU zHnfU L >nx ~i nH L padeU nL
\R d]eU {hbeU
px{gU R rU L
n_U
nU

dU }Y n\x :R dei cex ini eeU nf= px}ZU

.~x~_U =nT Y Un_>

d _x w P {eY
}T fU
{x dL }haU dL {= {S

hd_= Qn hdL
nehR dU T Y hdL ~i nY hedeU
nY B
{wn_hU ghdL ahdB hedeU dL {_= Y pU
nLn= nB

.{_= Y R pe
w aUn= dU nT

g>nbJ B dL w}hQ }U Y ned_U {[>

swnfY R n An\x n A}I Un_> dU nc= pxnf_dU }nU Y~U U

. c> U neU }haU oT nghR q`d= p@ U padY
ad U eU (}haU) eI {Y R ned_U dB {S nT

hcU }Sn= {eY

()

{hdU
(}bU dL) nT e {[U {hgZdU }bU dL :}^i HdU
}bU }h= / U {hdU
}bU }ha> R nhU w S / {_= nY
. w /}gJ fhU {eA pe@}> {_= nY nJn]U {hdU
H R
17

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R adx U gilR {b_Y n ]h= gK nT H }wn^U nf_Y dL

`d U ne_H h\bx |U f_eU nZT dL (}haU) n]i
.@nU hU{Un= h_eU
_h]=

S }haU Y ned_U {_H nY cU

|U hU g^U {A

.pxnfL |= {g@ nei w|U U nx

B nd= n ]h= gK }wn^dU (}haU) eI cex nT

}wnK cx {S _U {fL }wnK cx {S i nIU R}_eU

nehR }haU hdL {[hR n\x nhU U nhR x}B {fL

chU pdLnaY gK pLeY Y ceU
{b_eU g^U R adB

eZY
.x}B {fL U|T hU g\_= {fL }haUn=

e X w
{ T mf w mw :p_eU H Y Un_> Ub= U () ex {S

T
h
| g A b T g T c T | S T ^ Gm
Q o^ d T w X Zc
.[ : p_eU] d c ^ = eS b T

cx {S nehR p_eU \A @ R }wnK px { lR

R ( ^ G)
_R p`h g^U U @U {L R }wnK ngdx
gK @U
px}hU n\S @U {L R ( b T | g A)

Y g^U nfS {gU |= phde_U hbaU {[x

U|U ~U

.ngfY }eU nh= px ne>

ad U cx {S ilR f_eU }ha> U ad U }ha> Y }aeU

{_x

(d U) R neT f_eU Y dL y }hQ f cU f_eU y

.px x R Y{L g^U R pZSnfeU L }^fU `= heU }eU
ni}T nY ()

18

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

( d b U)
}x neY

x}cU ncU R neY

U }hQ (} _U)
.U cY @nU S{[Y pR}_Y

|`dT
|H *

()

nex cU
Un_> dU T n\x R ahK egY
(}aeU)

}I {L
pine\U cZ>
dL }Rx {=
}Y L ZcU
.peh@ n]Bj= U
{L egY
nfU phHnH

|YT

Y hR Y dL }aeU
ph=}_U p`d U dL J
}Rx ox

Y }R> U {bU cU
.n^fU |w R n@ }bU ngYn^i

nx {bR }B U oin@
Y dx }bU }ha> R }ZU |w
U ngai p@{Un= hR phgbaU oiU R ph=}_U p`d U }H R e_U

.}bU R [[bU aU
pH R ng@nx

}ZU |w yh> R
gax {x}x Y ) dU \R {hU
nH {Tkx

R ph= ohUnH eL dL pafY p_H ph= pRnb? U nx }bU

YnbU B Y }bU ga> cex nfw nfw e\eU gR

f cU ne_H _= R pedcU f_Y U \x {S YnbU

Y }hcU U nx |U }caU
e\eU R pedcU phT}A h]_x

gR pdA}Y }bU gR nx U|U .()({LnbU L dH L

. YnbdU nT YnbU R pedcU

. =nH @}Y {[U {hgZU T nY dL h cZ=

ni{eL ()
./eU }h= U / :{fU ()
19

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

hmT |YT

}bU R n hdT
{=

nY{i pfceY p@ }T U nx }aedU

nf_Y Ax i}bU fU
{x U f_x }ha> {fL

}B pedc=
ai }bU Y AY }hQ h_Y
n> n= Y {hhb>
pbY Se= j_Y
R }ax

w }bU }ha> U {e_x }aeU

= px}caU >nhf Y n> n= L]x
fU
}a
n>

x nhR fU
n? Y U fcY negY }Y
w }haU U {[x
ox

|{fL
.wn> w|Y ncR >nhf eU aJn_U
}caU
nhi

{gx |U w|eU nJ px}caU {LnbU i}bU fU

cx

{=
. n> |gU (n bdY) cx Y
nfw ni nfilR |gU ...) nH {hU
oT {[U |w R
i
n> U pbeU ncA Y }hcU Y }hcU dL n ^a>

Ai nfilR ..ph>|U n_H _= i}bU fU

ni[>
x]>

`x rxnA Y gfL nf?{x

nehR }bU Y {x nhi ph[ZU

Y ghdL
Y JnU h>jx |U hY HnH {[eU gR na
.()(...adB Y x{x h=

ncR hdL }_> |U nh_eU w i}bU fU

chH |{fL

.c_U neA }JU

.}h= }w~U / :}bU A Y ()

20

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

qTmT |YT

R bx}J dL {x
}Rx
}hadU nL (sgfY) dL }aeU

nx}U dL neL rhA Y g^U dL neL rhA Y }haU

neY
U }hQ phdb_U }bU dL neL rhA Y }haU bA R
ned_U }^i ng@ B }^i (}haU nhU) r= R hU }hZfH
d> U|U negY{L nL phU
rhA Y ni}T nY n>

(nhU) |w R B phi }B }aY

{fL snfU (nh]_eU)
.Y{L nL Y{L nghdL neL rhA Y
|w nJ R g>Yj>
ncR U }^fx ox U|U
sni x}aeU

U phaJn_U nZSnfeU L {h_= pYn_U

gwnfY R nhU
(beU) _= fw|U i Y n Snhi paJn_U n? L{>
nHn= w U
.ned_U {fL Yj>
pZSnfY Y

|g`T mgT *

}Y U dU }aeU
ng= h_x (nhU) ? {i
cex

.~x~_U dU nT
.}w^U B Y ncU }Y gR :

P fU L px}eU nB :m ghm>
.R x}wn]U h= w Y pe

.phdb_U }bU :m Tm>

21

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

|aT |vJ
}wnK phA
dL fY gR }w^U n> B Y }bU gR nY
hR ncI neY
w eY
nfnedL Y pde@ {fL
w x}cU ncU
.pxnB dY dL

nf U = d cx nY }nT T x}cU }bU) :nJn]U {hU

oT

hwnaeU nh= Y Y}x nY [beU hin_Y dL p pU {x

hU {i U >nx h_eeU dL naB hR hU nh]_eU

.de@ KnaU Y ngT{i U in_eU }hQ >nedT Y {[bx i dL

ph=}_U p`d Un= nL ni
R hin_Y dL U R A nY
f_Y {x neT pex}cU nx f_Y {x incYl=
..=}L S T
}bU }wK phA
ai dL @nB hU i Y ni}T nY nY

|w Y
hU {i U nfiR
}Y gR R nfi Y _= nL nY
h= w L nY P H}U L }? nY U @}i ox }bU
S phA
US cex nR nL |w cU .RhY[_eU
[x
H}U
hcR x}cU }bU Y ga> ox Rpe

:bi |w dL {x~i = .R gUS dL }wK phA

S >
fU
{fH w |U }bU x|= hR rZi
n?
ox fU
pe
H}U o@ T Rnfx ni}T |U |w .n b=nH ni}T neT

22

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

nw{i U U p_x}ZU ncA hna> hibU nh~@

nh= R

Y }g^x neT ncU n_Y U x{I}Y icx }bU }wK R

.()(..nx

mag\=

:[ px :nfU] H Y Un_> US Y nJn]U {hU

}g^H
~
` h X b a c A { T b < a = m
mf ? mf e X c A z@
e T mf w mw
ni Y @eU fU cx m h |gS m? md f e X q <

y@
U|U .new}hQ hR negTnZx }hQ Y @ U gfx
dL A
Y B h= ~U S dL qU U nx}U

qU~i U phf U h_U A Y ~U S dL qU U nx}U

.h=nw h=nbU

U QnU
L nA px bi {_= nJn]U {hU
nS

rx{U R |U |w :S) :B h= ~U S dL qU

w ngn_> }B nx nfw nL ncU }wn^U ReU w

U
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gi dL {>
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new ini fU R {UU {[Y :b> U }caU }baU |w Y

_= n> neT ini }hQ }B }[fL

nfw hU ..A

. A =nH @}Y :H R }bU ()

.S {_= nY }^i / :}bU }ha> R ~heU ()
23

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Y qinT phinU pb]U R HnfU px{= Y = A>

nx}U

_= }B ~>
_= new{A ~>

phf @ pxA

Y negfY r=
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L {>
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neU }_>
Y .. {[eU newnLn= negfY HnfU ]i
n hai pgU |w Y ngU gK R ~U ph[B Y new{_= {A
.()..n >n?
|gU n h> bY r= R ph\bU |w Y SeU [afH

_U Y n hedL }Y
nbx nY S
}hQ hfZ> nY q_S ngi pUjeU
hU }hZi neT ned_U S p_=nY }={U
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T me c R
:[ px :}H] H Y Un_> US R
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@ <
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U nR

\R {hU
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U w|U U }S w dU
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e Tm< m
nhI dL nai Y m
= }_x
dU {x}x nehR beU R H pT}= pd[ eU pdbeU
..SU pT}A R h]U {h_ dL ]>
Y fx }^fx nehR UH

. / :}bU A Y ()

24

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

}T n> U bx |U }feU SUn= bdx pfaU gaY neT

.nB Y UA nfU dx ne= bdx neY

nghdL {Lnx U }B }haU dU \R {hU

]= {S
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{hTjU {fY nx}U Y ng^H R _@ dU \R {hU

}T|i
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ai g^U |w

m
e T mf w mw [px :nfU] H Y Un_> US }ha> R
~
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md f e X q < mf ? mf e X c A z@
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b g c K mS c T m@

.m gR

nx Y nw}hQ nghU nZeU pex}cU px dU \R {hU

{T
w |U dB Y fL dU nf?{A
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R pdjY
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R g^U |w nH dL
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.{_= neR / :}bU A Y ()

. / : . ()
25

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

|vm]T K z^T

.{_U U \b> pfx}S nhS pUnA R }wn^U L {_U cex

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j= Ax neY
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ad U } dL

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U {e>
nhQ w pUnA T
R U
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.LU L

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GmbX ZT T a= :nS Q}SnU L L
m KmeX
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fU
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nS

./ :}bU A Y ()

26

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

= A> nehR {Un= }H R }wnK nw}i nfilR }HU pfe\eU

L }h_U Y {L pedT }hU R pT}U Y }H pedT

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]bU {hax nY nfw hU }wn^U |w afx _]S hU nfw nS

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=
nw{fH R ^U

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T m
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{= R _U
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j= Ax nY (...| = T )
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neY
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./ : . ()

27

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

e X w
{ T c T zK
: [ px :fU] H Y Un_> US aR
Q f e ` c gT m
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X

X w
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m eX f Q A z ^ < X f e T z g T f T [ = { T f e w f T e b d g T f c R
` T v T i Q T z^< |` S X m gH < S | Yw eh z^w
a Gm

px |w R x}aeU
h= {I
U nJn]U {hU

bi {bR
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U S bi

gRHn= gU {L dU ~i {S P fU
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p_= nadU H gRHn= }eU gfx hce> R

...gfY p?U P fU
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pY

|U (x}ZU @}R dU L)
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LeU {geU

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nS

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rU Y

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gfY pnB
nI ng_heU pY

Y pfx}S U R i
pxnR nUn[U deL gfY fY x|U w
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Y {x~eU gU n ax}Z> gfY pnB

panJ U {LU } nei pY
.()@ }hQ Y c> d T |gR g= pxnf_U

.{_= nY / :~heU }ha> ()

28

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

YkY ee= { _ > ngSnh= px nJn]U {hU

x nY [Y

eY w B Y x {U hc= U cex
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cx
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U {_x
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w _i nI hU bU U @Y

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pfx}bU nhS Y
w }wn^UnR
R dU \R {hU
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()
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nY pY
nJn]U {hU

nY dL nJn]U }T neT Q{geU

_>
H n]H pdA}Y T
px }T|> nY

= ngfh_= pdA}Y >

pfhije]U nghR Zh_x edeU n]H ehgx {ex
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Q{geU
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. A / :}bU A Y ()
29

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Xi=
o`R

:...nhadB =nT R _U oT dU \R {hU

dL n bhd_>

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n^AY nfw nfU

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}^feU {geU
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pxn= }eU b> nx }> U ilR n bhS hU bU |w

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{geU

qhU w L U }hcU nx}U U {fx nei (x}ZU

.jZU |w R

gLne@ }wn]U }_U w ne@ |w dL :H}]U nS

h :P fU bU pA
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neU R nT nY eZ> w = pdA}Y pdA}Y dL }[b> px

30

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

eZ> ehgx {ex

phdbY pdA}Y T
nghR H n]H rhA

pdA}eU nB Y {=
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|K oYRmeX

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hU

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() = }L
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R pex}cU px Y }eU R nx {L }Y
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i dU \R {hU
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@ U }hZx }U n ng= e>

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pRB Y P fU

nx nfw nbx y[x

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U dU \R {hU
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{geU

. / :nhadB
()

31

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

}hcU nx}U |w egx hT i :U nbhU (x}ZU @}R dU

nge^_Y }haU bA R R qhU w L n[U nx}U |w
|w he_U Y fex U {[eU nd= {>
phbh]>

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(x}ZU @}R dU L)
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{geU
U nx}U
.(x}ZU @}R dU L)
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{geU
nh= = px |w f_Y }[A }hHnaU |w f_> nfdS neT :nS
x}aeU
_= dL }hZU zhZU _i U|U .()..nU ngS{[Y

ngi U f>
nei ngU g\R nx}U |w Y gaSY HU Y
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R px Y nU dL R H]U zhZU L }T nY nY

L aQ f cU n h nT ilR (x}ZU @}R dU L)

{geU
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|U H]U zhZU

Un> pUnbY dL {A }x
hT {x i Y }T nY nY

p]Un`Y dL ]fx HU gR R qhU w L q? nY pA}

}hZfH neT ngx}aY
pan]U hI Y L ned_U U x i neT

nY U UnY dU \R {hU
rhA hU
Y {L y@
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. Y hU nY
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ni}x{b> nfY}A Y pex}cU px }ha> dL SdU }B
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.p_U pHkY }h= / / :~feU dU nT }ha> R Y ()

32

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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o`m\T ygH G\T ygYcT (mgT) |g`= :

fY x|dU Un_> dU Y {L px |w R ... :H]U zhZU nS

R gadx j= nUn[U deL P fU
n Y
dL pU U R .._U }_U Y hT}ZeU g?x nf_Y
U }B nY dL }Y S ohQ L }B i P fU

p
i
f_x [ = { T f e w f T e b d g T
ed_x
gfcex
:Un_> dU
m eX f Q A z ^ < X f e T z g T
gU n fx n\> |U H ngK Y
hanB inT {_= w}[i
b=
hfY hT}ZeU pdQ qS pce=
ninT px R dU }T |U hceU HnR ...Jni H
}gK x }Zi edT dL {L dU eS hA P fU
nx R
U :bi dUn= _i fx eT >L
>nhA R hfU
fx dU cex
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cx ai >nhA R U S {S P fU
n R px }x
U|= .hU ni}I neY
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R S neY
eY
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cx
px qinT px R UB dU \R {hU
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.}B Y
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.=}_U }U nhA }h= A / :nhU ()

33

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

}T nY dL n@ nei nU dL R H]U zhZU }T nY

hceU U x{I}U nadU R px Y pYn_U

nf= _=

cx U
H w px R U H .gRB R
|w dL x}aedU
n Lne@ nfw nbx cU x{I}U nadU

:UnS R qhU w ne@ ij= H]U zhZU }R

}haU

w :{wnY nS .(x}ZU @}R dU L)

nY pxn= }eU

{geU

.U Y ox}S nL = L .P {eY
pY
pxn= }eU dL ne@ }T {[= hU H]U zhZU lR U|U

}x U .H}]U hU nI neT (x}ZU @}R dU L)

nY

{geU
(x}ZU @}R dU L)
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Y R [A {S H hceU cx y@
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px }wnK ... :phf`Y zhZU nS

UH dUn= Yk> pY dL {x

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}Zx }I ?
_= |B {S ..n h\bY n eA =

.}wn^U |g= x}aeU

.newhS new{A yUn[U e_U nex f_Y }ax

p=n[U fU
w px R [beU :UnS x|U eR i nY

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R w inT {A S L ghU T}ZeU wnY nw{_=

ex [x yaU nL U pfx{eU
nS A U Y
34

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

..U nf L \i hR Yji x nfhdL >jx nY }]U R neT gdnS

_Y hU @}U dx A }hx }_> :P fU
U nbR

hfY InL A nx q\Y neR UH dU {L b> .H

Y }hcU R ngd T ph=}_U U ecA gUY gai dL
. f T [ = { T f e w f T e b d g T
..}`eU }ZeU =
ng=}Q }I R in]dH H nZi U inH }hZx
}[U phi w |w .[ : fU] m eX f Q A z ^ < X f e T z g T

.()dU dL TU

y[x
gR _U hU }hZx neT hU y w neT phf`Y zhZU
R qhU w nx dL }x
i bi
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pxn= }eU T Y n b=nH nghU ni}I U U }T {_= nS

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pYcA neT hedeU eZ> px |w R ox ..

pRnT edeU a x ngU {[Y (x}ZU @}R dU L)

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dL pf H
ex (x}ZU @}R dU L)

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p_hI Y
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@ q d Y {_= n ]S
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Y
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R hedeU h= yUn[U e_U
pd`U gU nY }[L T
cU
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.hxeU }h= / :IncU }haU ()

35

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

eZ> {Y
T
}hQ pedT :_U S nY

Y f> ({aU U nfA) {geU pYc= }[f> U|= ngi

nL
hb=nU pYcA pRB f c R X w
{ T c G
md S

px |w ~i oH lR U U pRn .ngd T eZ> U {hTjUn=

Q P fU

}[L R cU |w Y S }x{b> S dL nfU hx

()
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L)
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{geU

}[A }hHnaU |w f_> nfdS neT .. :nS ?

(x}ZU @}R dU

.()...nU
ngS{[Y nh= = px |w f_Y

(x}ZU @}R dU L)
{geU R U nx}U c> U|U
|gU dbeU {[eU nhU h]U Y px |gU }ha>

dL f_U |w { ncY Y nU
{[eU w = pex}cU px

.hR { Y T
zhZU nY Y phYnY pH{eU L _= }hHna> Y ni}T ne=

Y H]U
zhZU phf`Y @ {eY

zhZU) x}n_eU Y hY{beU

n bhd_> }T nY _U }L nY bx (}hZU ncY }ni

w L q? nY U naU {L L a ne= dU \R {hU

dL
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dL n bhd_> U n ifL }T nY p
{L y\ x n \x U|=

./ :=nU @}eU Y ()
./ :ai {[eU ()

36

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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{geU
nYn= pxU pe

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()
H]U zhZU w x }gK rhA haUneU f x
.L Y ni}T Y

./ :nhadB ()
37

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

|g`T mA
}ha> R R qhU w L U nx}U Y }hT {L pe?

neL cex neY

q`d= pex}cU nx
}hT {bY nghR {L
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ng_Y Jn_x hT ngfY SeU w neR ()hdL

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nB Y SeU :

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L}ZU
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n> phYnY pH{eU L Y ned_U SY lR

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}nY rx{U B ()
38

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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dx U S dL wnY SY pe?
=nbeU n> R cU
}[bx SY w _U ncfH nY nT |U hU nZeU {ZU

_= U {_>
pH{eU n[i dL
phx{U
{bR }h_U y

eU nY Y n \x }h_U y
phadaU phS {U pH{eU n[i
bx |U {
|U fhnfU }heU R pe U ofx nY T
}h_> {A
dL ()~_U RncU {hinH R pI{U j= fL bi
.(rx{U n@ _Y) R neT ~@n_U pR}A fL U {hU

}hQ
Un_U |w {fL SJ dL cx {S wnU {ZU

{x U |U { eU {fL w neT }B bA
h= [ax
{bR
oinU R phew {b= phY~U qinT U phL}aU ncAU phew pe?

L phL}aU ncA R nx}U { f_x neY

SB {nb_U
.nghR {ZdU
nY bx neY

pn_Y qinT U R pe

L Y x}B {fL U yYY pe?

n \x inIncU hU nY w
.()pan]U

ncA bA R {fU {ZU

pan]U L Y x}B {fL cU

pd bU phde_U ncA }hQ R pYneU dL nfU phgbaU phde_U

Y ()eUn= naT w}^i pg@ Y nw}hQ R |cU L
}R zxnU nxn\S nxnbL R |cdU L{U w SU
ng_Y Jn_U p_hJ nB Y n_U SeU lR hdL .()}T
./ :ai =nU {[eU ()
./ :ai =nU {[eU ()
. }h= nfeU / :~U {hdU
ox|g> ()
./ :~heU }ha> ()
39

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

padY phfU cH }haU nB Y SeU {x{> U khH

sgfY h= }aU }ax
sgfeU n _>
nY w nB |w Y aSY }aeU

.swnfeU Y }hQ ?jeUn= }haU

B peR
dhU{Y gK R }bU bH pfUn=
}haU }x Y peR
{A S dL a > pH{eU c> U n \x

U dU {L hU @}U S dL (}U) yh[U }?n=
{L dhU{Y R }bU bH }x Y pe?
}U L {h_= gaU
}hZfH neT .ngfY }eU gR nx }ha> R (}U) }? U @}U
.neU |w R nx}^fU
_= }L R hU

R L dx pUnU p]bfU R SeU R }Y U|T

neY
hU p_H
L}ZU }hQ L}ZU }dU UeI rhA Y }U phA
L {h_= }haU R U nB dL neL {Y dL U }? }x
nB) fL q> bY r= R hU }hZfH nY |w .L}ZU cU
.(phU
hU nd= }haU

40

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

|g`T mA
oX mK Tm^X :

}bU }haU nx}U Y }hT {L nfw I

neU cI
heU R U nT H ?jeU }haU = ex
neU nH
n_U heU R R qhU w pH{Y hY R fL nU
H }T
heU R nx}U {L nT hedeU geU
.}B heU R neY
fY

neY
~fU nH }haU R nx Y nY }T hR I

{[= nfU }B oU
phU
dL x neY

n_U heU R
fL rx{U
heU R nx}U nB w nfhf_x nY

.A r=
R hU }hZfH neY
{Y nU
nB |w phA
R r= Y >jhH neU {hgeT
phh}U Un_eU U }hZi phU

:UnUn= ng[hd> cex U nB |gU

R ngi }haU R nx}U dL x}aeU
Y L A {S

oUn`U
}wnK Y n_> gR U|U }haU Y qhU phbh]>

.ngfhYn\Y qadB U Rnf> ngi neT }bU

T c T | \ Q ... :Un_> US dL n bhd_> M fheU nY oT
41

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

}]aU pR}_Y Y {=
nfw :nS [ : }U] mf g c K m
e T | \ Q
{hAUn= rxnA Y }hQ x}ZU rx{U |w R }R

}TjT ZU ~@ }Ij= }haU {[eU nh= hS Y w |w

R R pe[_U qh= w L U }hHnaU
{[e= }a>
}Y
T
.n n_> nfw wnU ohR pHnfeU \bY o= {x{@

w x{U
}_> pax}ZU px w U|T nbeU dL hU{U

.()}B neU {hAU eZx x{U Y dU }]R

w }U = nJn]U {hU
hU ni}I nY U|T
neH neY
{hU
S Y BjY ]
U U }hZx neT R qhU w pe
rx{A R neT }U = rxnA pfU R ex
neY
nJn]U

mdS |w ... :}bU R nx = h\adU Q}SnU nY

.()...~dYT |w

gilR qhU w pe
pbhdH |w ... :nJn]U {hU
nS

nT eU Y hdL ]fx bx nY dL }bU Y px b]

x
.()~fU Y L n @nB

:Un_> UbU }ha> R U {hU

U U nI {S
| gP

[_
dT
?jeU R {S :nS [ : p>naU] g
f gc K
T m[T

{b>
ghU w ghdL \`eU

{S .n[fU w hUn\U
e= >
n= gR in_eU Y ngU }T|x nY T
phi}bU nx

.}`U {hU
pe@}> / n_U n x{A _= fheU nY ()
. H R }bU / :~heU }ha> ()
./ :~heU }ha> ()
42

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

.()}cU h]>

v T i Gm
U|U
Q :Un_> US }ha> R U {hU

nL fL }T|U w [ : nhi] d c ^ = eS | S {T
n? nbY R }T|U w eU Bn= dx heU eZx
ghU nedL w pxneU ocU R P hi

= dU nY fU
g= }x n[fU
}T|U w Y giT n? R pe

fU
n? {_= _i .gfL kUn= ng>n? cex hcR fU
? }R

R pe jx inH UeU Y aU~U }bU {x}x eU {=

}U w ph`U }[L R }T|U w neT nbeU R }T|U w gR

{A f_eUnR nfU pYnL
U pRnn= ngbaU ngbaU U nhbUn=

.()eU Bn= xn[eU R B

ghU Y kUn= }Y R pUni px nbx y

U dL nf=

pen=
}T|U w }R
n[fU

cU
h]U nbY R R pe

.gaeU xn[Y Y gi R

ngbxn[Y dL nx h]> R }hT R qhU w L nx}U

neT QdL
nY ij= }[U }ha> R neT U|= nw}ha>
_ < ... :Un_> US R pdhHU }ha> R neT nx}U _= R

neT nY d]Y n \x QdL
nYn= [ : {neU] o cgG T gT
.nx}U _= R

.edL pHkY
}h= / :}bU }ha> R nhU ()
}wnZU {hU
db= U {hU
r= }x}b> / :phde_U R nH ()
./fU
43

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

pdhHU }ha> R nx}U Y {L }T {_= nJn]U {hU

nS

:S .nYn= hU =}b>
}ha> R neT nYn=
:nbR ... ebU

.()...{[eU dL n]i }U hS Y gR Ln]=

{hU
R qhU w L nx}dU bh]U =n]U |w U nI {S

}ha> R neT ()}bU A Y }ha> Y Y {L R dU \R

Q ` ^ [ G w

f c ^ h
:Un_> US
{T c K d h zw| h
nx}U _= {S :nS [ : [bU] g
> T f c ^ h o d
neT pfh_Y
L
Y R px |g= ngZH R R qhU w pe
nhH n= Y ngi }wn^U ..nwi {geU nY pUjY R
ngb_> {=
x}ceU }]hH j= A> px nLn= h]U

./ :}bU }ha> R ~heU ()

R neT =
{_U
h=
nHU
hH>
dL
nx}U
|g=
{H
nhadB =nT R _U U }hZi

T _ < ... :Un_> US R QdL L I }gI = L px}U

dhH ni :nS o c gG T g

dU U pdhHU w b?U }_U w :nS pe

w
pdhHU
(
d
H U hdL dU d ) fU

L
.nYn= hU =}b>
:nbR :nS pxU }ha> R hw}= = dL
L

dL {> = =
{_U h= nHU hH> dL {> nx}U :_U |w {H dL Ax
= x
n
eY
neY

w (pdhHU) px_U hb> dU pLnJ U g= x

R pe
p_x}ZU ncY }> n_U d_Un= dhH nL}Y Un_> dU U pdhHU ngbhbA dU U

w pdhHU lR }B pedc=
=nf@ U }baU pfceU @ h@> px_U pbhb= bU gR
Y }eU cx .px_U pLn]U
gLn]= U pLn]U = bx neY
pdhHU w R pe

nYn= hU =}b>
hw}=
=
dL
}ha>
R
US
=
b?U
}_U w ne= gd= eU

.dU pLnJ LnJ nY pLn]=

.nH U nx Un_> dU nHU f_e= pdhHU c> U|=
bUnB {_U h= Hx
Un_> hU g= Hx

neY
neY
gi f_x hU g= HU cU
w _i
.YjR
{fL
gR}I
gYnbe=
hU
nL{U
w
g=
hU

HU

nhadB !!SnfUn= }hQ g x HU

gaY
h=

HU
gaY
h=
_U
|w
dx
U|=

./
./ :}bU A Y ()
44

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

j= Ax ..phgU pf H ph\bU Y _x neY

..ha_\eU }]hH
p? icx x|U ha_\edU c> H nhi{U R pxngfU
.()dU nadB

|g`Tm< mQT zK :m ghm>

nd ]e= a> ngi }haU bA R nx}U dL Ax cex

nJn]U {hU
q`d= ngi }haU
L neT rx{A {L

}hQ pdH dL p=n@U ac> ng\_= bH L }^fU `=
ngi

\R pex}cU phi}bU nx n> ngg@i U {eU

nfw L
rx{A nghR }x U nx
.()p_hZU x}J Y pf U
x}J Y

dL p=n@ L ?jeUn= }haU sgfY ~L R oU y\ x U|=

}bU hR }_x qS R x}cU }bU dL }]> U }hcU nx{U

x{gx ni n> dL ohx |U neU

ncU w x}cU

.S sgfY \R nhA U

{A {fL bx }ha> ncYl= cx U nfw Y :{[U {hgZU bx

pe
H}U L h_=nU p=n[U L nx}U Y ?jeU

nfU S Y odQ dL phdbL nYngaH nw}h> qinT U nx}U

U nx}U |w dL {e_x }ha> ncYl= cx U .hdnU S Y
]B {bx
incYl= cx U hbU |w Y phdbL pdH S Y n>
}H ngfh= pinbeU }bU U{Y ohT}> nx }B
. / :}bU A Y ()
. :H R }bU ()
45

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

n h^aU }ha> _]= nT }haU .ph^ad U U{eU |w Y px}^fU

Y {eU
_= }I }aeU Y {H neU }aedU }ha>

|w Y ~fU nH dL hwnaeU _= h]> nd][eU

nY U U
R {Y ng@ {= b> ngincYl= cx U phde_U

nA U phHnH ncR U U
^ad U `d U U{eU

.()..pax}ZU >nx Y }?nfeU B Y ngh]_x x}cU }bU

g>T ocbYX :m Tm>

R nB U d U }_> pdcZY w
U }hZi bx
dL {[Un= ?U nfeJ h?U pdcZY w }haU
}x{b> S
x}aeU
ga_> U nhU R }cR
he@ ng= }_I pdcZY w

inedU n bR pdcZeU |w n> R

nweH U swnfeU H

hU }hZfH neY
}haU bA R nB dL neL R gai
R
U A r=
a eY
ned_U _= H pbx}]U |w L |Zx

}S Y [>
nY dL nf= nL pa ngdee= rxnA dL
.nfeJ ]bU gU q@

hI Y ni}T nY nY
... :nJn]U {hU
oT {[U |g=
pUbfeU nx}U @ Y hR n>}x R nx}U R U {U

nhi [S nx f[U R
}hHna> R U nB Y
{L }Y gx
nY ^L H { R p_SU U nx
}bU w }? naL ni neB i naJ R {g@ Ujx x{U

./n_U phi}bU pH{eU {[U {hgZU ()

46

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

...hfeU gcU w |U x}cU

}bU {wZUn= {xkY

neA pdeUn=
{@ ox}S w {U

phL}I phA
ngU _Y bx R nwnL {ax nx}U |w phA
R{x
pU{L {fU p
lR nfH yh ngfY nT nY A phbL phA

gU R w}hQ
|cU w{e_>
R{x nei x}]U n@
.()}x U nY g_Y@

R U {dU
nU
qT}A

U R{U R rAn= n>}x

\R R qhU w rxnA
o[fUn= {= P fU
rxnA L
nbL R }]U
d`Un=
}Y g_SeU gh_@}eU
gU {_U

w n> pLne@ a R nSnbZi nR}i Y bR nY g=

p_x|= phbU
n_I q> x}> }x~> Y U nY R qhU

ngInL U pHnU
pn]U }^U
ndU yeH neY

R pe

ngi p_[U gR}K hd `Y pLeU nx}U Y {L }x}e=

}bU nh }U _= {U pd S Y }B ph_h]U
Y_Un=

.()ngUne@ p@eU nx}Un= p]heU

}]U
|U Y Z= nB U x}aeU
_= }^fx U|U

neLU acx U|U nB |w R U {U

neA

}U dL
{hU
}Y
hU nI neT >}= ?U px{fU

lR inhU {hU
{fU T }Y
}h_> {A
dL nJn]U

n h
{=
R n x{A {x
{x}x |U px}U nL dL {x

. / :~heU }ha> ()
.w S / {_= nY hcU }Sn= {eY {hU }bU dL @ ()
47

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

.()n ah_ {fH _x px}dU n h {fH _x

dL pU{U
nx}U Y {[U {hgZU SY U }hZi nJ |w R
n[B
Y nw}L wH x}cU }bU ga= R pe

\R ph_]bU pxfU
n> L
pf U

x}cU }bdU paUneU nx}U

.A r=
R hU }hZi nY w d`Un=
gYng> ng>

. rx{U B inhU {hU ()

48

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

|g`T mA X |]eT RdT

H nehR nfdS
dU }Y }I R egY
ni {[= w }aeU

(sgfY) dL }Rx {=
{x{> x}cU ncU R YT R Un_>

dU }Y gR U ng]H= x
U nhU Y pLeY n> nL

{Y }haU bA R nx}U nB nhU |w Y Un_>

R nx}^fU _= dL nbeU R rU ~T}hH

U|U nghdL neL

pH{eU R {nU nwn> dL x}cU nbU }RhU pUjeU |w

nf_e@ U|U }n_eU nwn> dL }[bi nfUnA phYnY

.H]U zhZU g_hdJ R x}BjeU

hY{S nx}^i h=

G\T ygYT ow|]h

n> }^fU aSY {Y

(nhU) =nT pY{bY
R H]U zhZU nS

:pUjeU |w

x }bU }ha> j= nf=n nB R }wnK px}U dL

pA
gUS x|U R pe
L P fU
L yh[U }?n=
L U pYn_U
.x }Un= hR bU P fU

bT
}T .(j]B {bR U
n x}= }bU }R

Y) :nS i P fU

= {h_T :}Un= }bU R bU pfx{eU ngbR h_=nU Y pLne@

49

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Rni inedU {hL oheU

dU {L = UnH HnbU = {eY

}bU }ax

P fU
cx U :qUnS ngi pZnL L .w}hQ
.Qx}@ = >jx
{_=

Un_> dU T R cx x i :U R bi |U
m g <| K m h| R me c ^ ? mh :Un_> dU nS {S .n\> Snf> hi
T
G X me c G mX

:nS gX <|K mc< :nS [ : }B~U]

c <
mg= gQ :nS [ : hw}=] X R m
mX :nS H S
Q me I |Q
bT
ij= a[x x hcR [ : n_i] H X m

I }wn^= gax nfdU nh= i YS nd= i hY =}L

= }eU gax |U f_eU ~`d Un= U
U w
{_=
}H dL n YS dU {Y {S .}bU L ~fY
U inh= }ha>

gY|x
{ T d c ^ T :nbR }bU in_Y
S R nS f e X h \ e w w
:hin_Y R }cax
U }bU }={x
| a T | < z w Q
U rhA
c R c K
bgQ cX h :P fU
nS [ : {eY] mf Tm` R
}_U neT pA
ncU hR
.g< v =|K cT mS :gcaT
:nS i QfL I = gax nY pA
cx hT .pA

cT mS Q mdQ cT mS cK |KmQ qwz@ e K Sm?

nfe
L U Y .mT |K < <|mQ ` T mA mX cRmQ
I = gax w dU nT dL }_U cex hT R
T
U
in_Y := bi |U }Y nB |w }wnK dL {x
:nS p_= dL }bU
nY :mvz@
bU d c> {A x R = d_Un= Un_> dU B

50

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

o Km
T
K h T i w :Un_> US Y U R}_Y Jn_> hR
}L] v mf R T mfg c w < zeK mf d c K md h R mvm
G | X mw

U [ : nebU] o Km
T
c K zeK c T :Un_> US Y [ :
.j]B = Un_> dU B
nY pR}_Y Jn_R .nw}B

nf_eU n b=n]Y }wnK nT nY :mfghm>

oJB U p`d U }L Y cR
c T | @ T ~
:Un_> US Y nwnf_Y }L ng=
` e T c a =
}hQ [ : B] z@ c T v R :Un_> US Y Tm
<
.U

[aY
US Y .
= }eU L }wnK fx
eY w nY :mfTm>
ZT
c T
=
:US Y [ : }bU] mS }T
:Un_>
dg
R
e T c K

gG g T m
:US [ : }eL ]
\ G
X pg T r @ m
:US [ : n_i] m
Z @ w a @ =
@ f T X Q

{L [U {L h[a> lR .U I nY [ : n_eU]
c ^ X
nT~U R n[fU }xnbY J}I sU
HnfY h[a> ng>n_T

@}H cex
d cR .Un_> dU pg@ Y A P fU
nh=

.U pUnfY nB c> cex fL feY j]B U R bU

cex negfL neR hhf_Y h= n T}ZY ad U nT nY :mf^<

cx
}Y :bhR = {A {bx `fx ilR . }Y negfY {A T

ex nY _= hR dU
:bx `fx = [_Y nY i
b=
Y ex }wn^U
.h[aU dL }Y cx x {A T
. ne= dL dU

51

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

neghdL nY hhI h= n T}ZY ad U nT Y

dL hU{U
{x}x x i
.}eU w i :nbx n@ {A n g@

dL nw}i U nB |w nfd S {S ci nS |w nfeS Y

xj> R cU Y U|= nf_fY ng= hceeU
ngdbi Ax @

.pde@

h[a> }eU L nw}wnK fx

px }ha> R }^fx {A `fx

x}aeU
Ln> ohR hdL n _eY xjU cx
Y {A {d bx

w|Y qA{Y b}J {eA Y x}aeU

Y ne@ nceU

w|Y qY
Y gfY .w}hQ {wnY nS U nL
=nT
.U pb]U R |w .w}hQ dcU {U yUn =jT

}BjeU
=n]x nY dL j>
nY

w|Y }[i gfY {A cR

pU U @}x `fx = gfY {A {d bx {A x d

= }>Y bi hdL ne@ Y phL}ZU phdb_U nY :ph[U
neY
{A }B U R bx US n> ox eL
nT pnB

Y bx R p`d U Y {wnI U nx xjU nT Y d_U bx}J

{wnZU
nA pbx}J nY
gfh= n _nI p`d U w h= n Yd_Y nT nY
_x U|= ]bx ilR nfU naU nZU nx}U Y
]bx dex nY }T|x hR S x `fx dU nT dL {wnI
U
n n ]Y nT }eU ]S Y ilR fh_= fY }eU dL

pA
L U {[x U n H{A n fhe> nS i P fU
L neT
.()na> n= Jn= U .p_JnS
. / :nhU ()
52

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

R nA nB dL x_U @ {L R }wnK zhZU nL

neT U R px} w = x}cU }bU }ha>
:pnB
US hdL {x
Y phL}ZU phdb_U nY ph[U pU U @}x `fx = ..
U R bx US n> ox eL
= }>Y bi hdL ne@
...{A }B
_R U }> neT }bU }ha> R }? sgfeU |w }hH
}ha> R
.H]U zhZdU (}bU }ha> R nhU)

mIm\T zgT
ow|]h

neY
H]U zhZU px}^i L }hT nJn]U {hU
px}^i {_>
nJn]U {hU
nwn? U (ncfU) _= R nghdL {x~> ngf cU nfY{S

.yx} y cZ=

S x n \_= \_= }ax

x}cU }bU nJn]U {hU
{Tkx
}Y gaU R qhU w L U nx}U U @}U dL }ha>
ph@nB ne px U {nbY R nx gR U|U Un_> dU

ngfU {= ^feU
cZ=
hdL }_U
Qd= cex px cU

pd[U }B nx U nge\=
ngai px B Y y
}bU }ha> R nB U @}U @ }L U|U ()eUn=
hU{U = ()hdL hU nR nL }Y
_U nL neT x}cU
nY \be= hRnfx
}L @ dL nw{[= ]beU nx}U Y
R nx}U U @}U Y x}cU }bU dL ngh[U nx}U

.}bU pHkY w /U n=T }ZeU Y U i :p_hZU ()

./H R }bU ()
53

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

.()nB |gU Y bx }bU }ha>

}haU sgfY w }haU R sgfeU |w nJn]U {hU

{T {S

nAn= gbx}J U @}U B Y U .()R qhU w {fL

.()= gce>
x}cU }bUn=

}^i pg@ Y R qhU w [i U @}U lR U|U

sgfY U nI R px=}> phehd_>

pf@ dL ]fx nJn]U {hU

nh= R n egY }bU T f_Y dL ex yh[U bhbU

}haU

nx rh= {nbeU |w nhU acx hR nY phUn_U {nbY

.()Yng= eQ L ZcU R qhU w [fU

rxnA p^AY w }aeU

o@ nJn]U {hU
}x

}_hU nghR `U R qhU w pe

fU
L }haU R U

pf U
?
gbx}J
ncU Y nax |U sgfeUn= x}cU }bU }ax
.()nw{L nY }]x ncU R> U rxnAn= |Bjx

pd=nS ph_]S }b= aeU ngfY }>eU ph_]bU nB _i

U pfh_eU
px yh> R px p=ne= ngi pfh_Y

px }ha> R ?dU
pe
Y ai x}cU }bUn= q? nY dL nf=
S P fU
S phA
.()R h= w Y
./H R }bU ()
./=nU @}eU :p_hZU ()
./ H R }bU ()
./ . ()
./ . ()
./=nU @}eU :p_hZU ()
54

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

R ~heU) }ha> R neL {L dL nJn]U {hU

f= U|U
U ngi nA nB dL (}bU }ha>
phUn=
.
>

dL R p_hZU {fL q? nY }T pUjeU |w R = Ynw dL

}_x phL}ZU ncA R {[U ?eU }U phA

baU
n bd]Y de_x rhA pf U
{fL }_eU w nY B dL nw}hQ R
.()phL}ZU ncA }hQ phL}ZU ncA R yh[U {AU }Un=

T zgT
ow|]h

ncA }hQ R {AU }U phA

{L p_hZU {fL }_eU nT
R }B n x }x U {hU
lR nJn]U {hU
dbi neT phL}ZU
Y L}ZU
}hQ }U L}ZU
}U h= n S}R pe?
}x pUjeU

rhA
.()phU

x}cU ncU }wK dL neLn= }haU R (gfY) {A

U|U
qh= w L U {fH yh[U ngfY }>eU nB >necY

b_U = bH
nY R pe[_U
.()yh[U }]aU

dhU{Y R bY
x}cU }bU YT Y {x U Y cU

H R qhU w L U }U hU }B \_= }ax

\_=

.ngB U px
Y naH |w U {I}Y

pxn= h_H nY }hT i n \x nbU {hH ... :U {hU

nS

./H R }bU ()
./}bU }ha> R nhU ()
./ . ()

55

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

}? _@ ?
}bU in_Y U }bU {I}H ngB gR dL
.()naH |w U {I}Y }eU
:bx rhA nJn]U {hU

}T|x nY hU nZeU YT =n]x ne=

H}U pincY }B nx }a>

nx }bU R ...sfi
neR >nI ehUn_> R j]x [_Y {I}eT }bU Y h= w

_= U ng\_= nx
Y sfx |U }haU =n]x i}ax

.()I R ngaUnx

.}haU nB bh]U =n]U U nIn= nU a>}x {S

.nB |w kY h= }wn^U h= n_U {L dL {wnI chR
eeU }hQ R cx ox ni}T nY U naU `fx cU

neY
nB U hR @}x ilR Une@ R}x nY }bU }wnK R {i |U
.R pe[_U qh= w L

cT [Q zgT

ow|]h

h= neU n _> pUjeU |w R dU \R {hU

nedT qadB {bU
e_U Y }BkY
}eL Y {b>
nf > nY h= ed_U
nehR nf x nT nY

pbU }= e_U hR f x nT qS R pU
w i = ?eU }Un=

nB Y }^fU
SeU dB U|U n _> .>nedT _= Y }g^x neT

}U R L}ZU
}? nL U hY nT =nU neU n bRR }haU

Y }hQ R f ^U }Un= e_x U|U = e_dU n [Y

chU

./}bU }ha> R nhU ()

./H R }bU ()

56

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

.()}haU nB R nU w neT phL}ZU

pex{bU U _J R }bU A Y }ha> R U }gK {S

ng= b> nA nB gR nA
R
dL ... :US ngfY Y {L
nfeJ ]bU {ax U nehR {AU }B phA
}haU R pA

f_>
nY ..L}I
}? U nT nehR ie\Y dL L}ZU
}? oh>}>

L R neU R phiT nxn\S L nB e\>

U Y

x = af= nghR {AU }U dL neLU nY R phxn> {A

.()..}U L {h_= neg> R neghA
n= Y nfeJ ]bU

zhZU SY L fx = {_x |w dU \R {hU

SY
ph_hZU pH{eU R n_U SeU = nJn]U {hU
SY H]U
.pb=nU ]U R ni}T nehR nJn]U {hU
dbi neT phYnY

{_= hex gR dU \R {hU

SeU |w cU
{fL }h`>
~nU }U }x h[aU |w U = ?eU }U phA
hf >
nY R nw}hQ R phL}ZU Y R H pA
}I dL
p[U

px}^i Y }bx U|= }haU nB hbU |w Y .phxnU nxn\bU

r=
R H cZ=
nghU }hZfH U nghU ni}I U U {hU

.A
nB w neT dU \R {hU
}haU nB qinT
{fL pA
qbi pdcZeU n bd]Y nghdL x_U f_x U lR phL}ZU
U pd?nY b> (}`[U) Y dL ngilR (}cU) Y dL

.eU }h= /H dL ninxn\S ()

./ @}x / }bU A Y ()
57

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Y U Y Y }B bA
U bA Y dx }Y ?U
ne=
neA Y pnB
(}haU nB) nJ |U U {U

nB |w Y dL phU
na {L f_x nY w nw}hQ Y }T

dU \R {hU
SY lR }Y Y cx negY .phbL phL}I
L U nx}U p_@}Y }U rU egx i f_x =nU
R phx{U
n[eU w Y {L rAnU {x {bR pe[_U qh= w

{hR (}bU A Y) }ha> n[Y pY{bY

R }hQ }haU bA
}gI = oSnfY Inh_U }ha> ebU
}ha> RncU :rAnU
nB hL {[U UnY nB in_Y nA I
.()... HneU n}U

nfHU phUnU eU p_@}Y cex ()

. {@ }hT gR
. / :}bU A Y
. /
. /
. /
58

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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|g`T mA

pgT v og^?|X mc<

:hbI R R qhU w ph_@}Y nd= }haU nB r>

.R qhU w ph_@}Y R pYn_U
pU nd= :mdvz@

}bU }ha> pY}A dL qU U pnU pU nd= :mdfghm>

.R qhU w U @}U L ~_e=
}\U Y iT
Y }adU inU r= dL }[bfH
ZU
.px{hb_U

omT oT

dL nf= x}cU }bU }ha> pY}A dL _U nL neL

}^fU `=
U dL {x

Y {_=
{S ilR hin_Y eQ }bdU phUn_U {nbeU
:J dL w U dL pU {U nx}U

T o`m\T

i x}cU }bU ga= pe

n[B dL pU {U nx}U w
egax
nZU {x px R neT Y[_eU pe
w = oJB Y
59

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

()< nIA X |aT |^w mdh !mR mw w ... :Q}SnU L

H ~gT h .. :Qn[U L hfB = d_eU px R neT
Y px}S }B nx ()..|aT |g`= X m?|T cR X z^<
.U
phi}bU {U nbH dL pU gR qe>
nx}U |w
.I R pA
}bU cx
gf? X o`m\T {v Q Rmew zR

nw{fH nbi {L pgU ng_he@ R _J bR {fU pg@ Y :

d U phfJnU }wnK w ng> h= pT}ZY peH nfw AU =

nY :nS |U a_U {x~x = }=n@ nx R neT xjU U
}haA U ow|hR ng= {x j= U jx U rx{A U h_= ?{A

.ngx{= |Bjx
hU nI neT }>U [A nbH phRnT (}wn^U) peU
|w Y
.{[U {hgZU

ngdbfx U hYn\eU |w n edL

dL nU |w dL nT Y
= {eY
nY Y }U }=nT Y {A ngdbfx U n> |w

.()new}hQ dY
.() S rx{A nbU na = Y n= n\bU nT nHU ()
.() S rx{A . ()
{hU
db= R {[U {hgZU r= }x}b> {_= nY / dL R = @ ()
nY n \x {[U {hgZU r= }x}b> rAnY S eIngU eY
.}nU KnT {hU
db= {_=
60

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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ilR nx}U |w {hinH L Q

ilR pU{U pg@ Y :m ghm>
|aT |^w mdh .. :QUS pU lR ng\_= pU R Snfx {S

L neT nbx {bR hY[_eU pen=

}[f> {S < nIA X

{x}x Y d]Y U
w = oJB e= }eU ~U {hU

zv
:Un_> US }h^i nB |gR gU x Y =nbY R Ln>
.()[ :}bU]g
a d c T

JnU }_x i U Y }eU

nY ehR R pe

()U {hU
deA neT hdL }bU ga= R gn[B Y

}bU ne> pR}_Y < nIA X |aT |^w mdh US Y }eU

.()}nU {hU
deA neT bnS ecA

}bU }ha> Y feU dL pU nx}U |w c> R U dL

.}wn^Un= x}cU

oghmT o`m\T

}bU gR R bH pY}A dL pU {U nx}U ng> {f>

.R pe
U U R @}U ~dx = >nx Y }U U nfH
.(){[U {hgZU L neT pU {fH pYn>
pan]U |w Y nx}U

ph_@}Y dL pU {U pYn_U pU nw{Tk>

pan]U |w R ncI
p_x}ZU p^aA gi P dU H nbY R giT R qhU w
./ : ox|g> ()
./ =nU @}eU ~dU ox|g> / :=nU @}eU nH ()
.YngU R : rAnY ()
. : . ()
61

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

feU zHnfU nU n_U ed_x gi nghdL enbU

nx Y dU }Y gR R bH x hcR {hbeU
d]eU

!gfL ~_e= ncA

oTmT o`m\T

nw{fH R ncI }Un= }bU }ha> L phwnfU nB w

dL nw{[= nfeJ [A R ncI =
cUnR .}x{b> S
.pU{U R

|g`= z^<
|dT | Q zR

|g`T

oinU nS R }haU R >|U

oinU neL (}U) Y }x

dxj> pUnY i}bU fU

dL Y SY hc> LeU

}B pedc=
.}aedU
Q}eU f eU }U Y fx ne=

pUnY R ncR _\x =veU }bU `H nx x}= }aeU

.n HnH x}cU }bU ph_@}Y n`U U k>

n hLY cx {S |U [ZU
ng@ (}U) Y }x U|=

.()hU{U nw}U U {fY

hmT |g`T

w L hS n[U }[_U }n_eU phgbaU pH{eU }Un= }x

hS Y ngfY pInfU f^U heUn= e_U dL qhf= U pH{eU
. : rAnY ()
62

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

i dL n nx}U |w c> U|= ..nH nhbU

.ph@nU ph\bU

U (}U) pedT }T neA |w {[U {hgZU y@

{S
ngfY gax cx U R pe
T R }>
{nU yd][eU U

.()}U pH{Y n> n= }_eU n>U n ifL nT |U |Yx ai

qTmT |g`T

[feU phL}ZU ncA n= R p[Y nx}U |w c>

R ph[U U nw}hQ U {_x
ncA nxv= nghdL

.nghR {_U
=n]U nd= phL}ZU ncA

}Un= }haU f^eU = eeU eR ... :fheU {hU

bx
{=
b_U {x ngfL }[b> U ncA nx U @
neT dU pcY =ngY AU ~B
Y nhbi {_U
}[= |Bk>
inT x|U pYn_U
nedL =nbY R nU |w R nx}U }T
nx}U _= R nY .g>nxnbY gUb_= dU x egax {x}x
U|T ..}bU }ha> Y n@}U bL Y {_= I hU i Y pax}ZU
Y [beU j= {gZ> a^Tm< mZw cT w
:pax}ZU px}U
.()...x{dU px{_U
ncA dU x

bdU @ ilR pU {fH nY nx}U |w phYne> {_U

}haU phL}ZY {_=
R U|U (nB) }? U @}Un=

. U {hU
nH fY ox}S : rAnY ()
pe@}> edL pHkY
}h= / :fheU nYU [dU pxf_eU ()
.}gaU {hU

63

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

pf U
x}cU }bdU ngaUnY pgU nx}U |w Y {[U {hgZU
nJn]U {hU
eg Y ng> ph_]bU pxfU

nA nehR d`Un=
nh= {[= ngi ngdxj>
U pU{U hd_U gU R pe

egax }bU }haU x}J

.()R qhU w Y pe

. =nU @}eU hcU {hdU

}bU dL ()
64

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

|g`T mA

ogT
gT mc<

ph_]S }b= pRaY }>Y qinT U neT ph_]S qinT nB

.ph qinT nA nB R cU nei ]bU phU
pA
gR

gbaU nJ R }haU nB n_H Y {=

{U R cU
[fU d> w gbR i
w ne= i}bU fU
}a>
U nB
= pA
nB |w Y U }x|_U ~hfU dL pdeZeU
phA
dL nfdU U phU swnfeU ineU he@ dL ncI
]bU [A }Zx U|U phL}ZU ncA R {AU }U
dL R T|eU }ZdU n bR ^U
e\eUn=
acx = }dU gbaU

}U @ R ncI ilR pA
}U |w T }R {_=

}^i pg@ Y S
dL nZU U nfH @ bJ dL de_U
nL x{[Un= d cedU ~U pe?
cx Y ineU _=
. {_>
bheU pU~fY ~ i nfw nY pxnQ nei hbhU dL }Rx U qS R
R neT gbaU
bU }hQ R nA nB R rUnR {= dL L

qinT pA
n x~hf>
n ie\Y e> neY
w gR n x}x|_>

}haU
65

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

: {AU }U phA
nd= phf K

phfhbx
ph_]S qhU }aU oA ngiR n _S pA
qhU ngi nY

x{[U ng= hbhU ~dx rh= phRn_U p[U

hbhU n? nghdL o> }U

.ngie\e=
R n x}wnK pA
{h= phU
px}wn^U p[U

qhU ngi nY

ni{_x
hcR nbeU R }aU oA ~hf> }x|_> nZU
.!}x|_U ~hfU dL eZ> w nB |w hYn\e= nZU

n _> gbaU
bU nB nB phA
R qadB n^i }hQ

phA
nY H phU inedU
dL qba> phU ineUnR nfY{S
gbaU
}U
{hb_U nY R nB R qadB ngilR L}ZU

dL phfxcU phxnU {A
..S nY

66

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

zga^T mX Q m@ mA

m=

hS Y pxnbL n= pd[ eU nB h= ~hheU dL bx

ox ^U
nghR acx ngilR n_eU pYnY fU
{hAU

hnaT pxnbL }hQ R nB h= nghR d_U h[>

}hQ ~heU }[U hna> pYnhbU nS n_eU hna> }U
.^U
nghR acx ilR R}_Y o> neY
U
}I dL eZeU yh[U }U dL x_U cex U|U
{hU
U nB pxnbL neU Y f[U |w R phU

()
. phU
}ha> R neghinY B dL inH}U {iB U

R {[= ?U b> Y {AU }U nL U hex

}U phA
Y }hB nB neU n bR dU \R {hU
pxnbL neU
.()b_U {fL phaIncU phbx}]U dL nf= = ?eU

nL }wn^U ?
:nS .nY dL nf= ~U {hU
nB neT
Y nw}hQ phL}aU ncA naY nT H n bd]Y = ?eU }U
}H {eY {hU
db= R U {hU
r= }x}b> / : n[Y ()
.w /fU gU LU
. }h= /nU / :dU \R {hdU
phgbaU neU ()
67

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

nwi nhfxcU nxncU [bU nhSB n_eU

.()hU R inY = hedU hU{U eZU

hmT m=

nT {AU }U Y nU ^U
pxnaT {L dL bx

.n bd]Y pxnbL neU R n h

Y hbU }^fU w Y hY{S nfYL Y U }g^x ne=

{A }B) ij= g>nedT R hU nZx neY

}hQ {haeU zhZU nY
eL n edL o@x
.()(

px{hb_U neU h= }R = n[i zhZU nedT Y }g^x neT

px{hb_U
neU h= }B }I {= ng= x{U
nbL ox U

{hgZU L bi {S ng= d_U nghU naU Y ng= x{U

ox U
hdL dU d ) fL nY j= :phd_U
{nbeU =nT R }T i inU

U i n_eU }U hna> R nA x}J Y (d H U

n h bx}J nT nbeU R hdL neL n bd]Y = x{[U ox

phL}ZU ncA R = e_U @ R dB {S f K {AU }B
.()pxnbL ncAn= hcR

Y {x{L Y R nJn]U {hU

n> |w U nI {S

./ =nU @}eU :~U {hdU ox|g> ()

fU
e_eU qhU U }bU ~i Y {haeU zhZU SY U dL neT ()
dL nhx{> U~i ?
d L {bR p\haeUn= deU nga U nx}U dL nf= >nbL R {[U dbi neT P
n edL o@x {A rx{A d nU |w R }a_@ = hU ow |U :U dL {haeU zhZU
eL
./ i n= ..
.{_= nY fU }_Y Inw {hdU
n? nB R nLeU ()
68

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

.T Y }hQ ~heU }ha>

}fw i}aU }ZeU pdH L =@ _= R U U nI

:nJn]U {hU
nB R neT n=T
nbR {U dL }U {b>
nei {U S qbdB }U }T|x nY x}ZU }bU R pe?
hU
aU
w }[x
neT T|eU rx{U rx{U R f_eU |w
n_eU R ng= e_x U nA nB Y w U|=

.()p_JnS pfx}b= qa A

o>nT) ew>
Y qhU p w neT pUjeU
neT x{U
()
Y }Y nJn]U {hU
gY
h= (nJn]U {hU
dL
n_eU }R =nbY R U px}^fU n_eU ngij= n_eU
.()B baU R phde_U neU dL d]> U

cx nx}U Y nA :(~heU) R nJn]U {hU

nS
ni{fL pA
nU ?U fL d_dU {haeU }bUn= pRaY qinT

nw}hQ n\aU zxnU x{U

R qinT H [ZU

?U lR baU R
.()..px}U phA
R nT LfU

R hU }^fU hdL }bH

|U ... :n \x nJn]U {hU

nS
R ox R ph_]S pfx}b= n RaY }>Y nT }U pUjeU
hR phA
ncA R U nB
R U }hQ nY

nghA

. =nU @}eU nJn]U {hdU

p_hZU ()
dL gY oT dH L nJn]U {hU
p=@
i}aU
}ZeU
h=
U
{
nY{fL ()

.hR i neY
o_> R hdL gU >naUnY R qhU w ow|Y L eg x nJn]U {hU

. =nH @}Y nJn]U {hdU

p_hZU
()

./ :}bU }ha> R ~heU ()

69

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ngU lR LfU
^Un=
{[U ?Y }U nT phL}aU phL}ZU

U phA
@ R phb_U nL Y phL}ZU phU

nL _U bx eU R L}I
}?
phxnU nxn\bU L}ZU

f_Y L}I
}? {_U nghR phU
_U f_Y pxnbL Y

nLeU U|= nfU {h_> n edL d_U }hQ c= nZU cU

L}I
_U ph~@ nwn?
}? nghR bx cY ph@nU

nfx L}ZU
.()nhd cU

U nx}dU ZSnfY {[= }U |w U nJn]U {hU

nI {S
nA nx}U |w }T ilR UncI hd= L q?{>

f_x) phd neU |w nY R nghdL _x

nY
{fH ngfY y
dL pw}T nH Y L}R
cA naH cY ne=
_i (px{hb_U

()
. hbaU jI w nY

nA ngi rhA Y g>}T hd= px

nx R ai }U {T
.()neU |w Y R nghdL _x

n> |w U hex eY
=nU x}U n bR dU \R {hU
nT

R dU \R {hU
px}^i {x{> =nH r= R U U ni}I {S
.}haU nB Y }^fU SeU [R

./ / :~heU ()
./ : . ()
./ : . ()
70

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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ogwmT
mA

m=

c> U nY nA nB Y I nL {L U nY |U n> w
ph_]S pfx}b= pRaY
.pA
qhU gR

{hU
nJn]U {hU
()inH}U {iB U U nY {S

U }B x{bU nY R dU \R
nehR q> nei phU

}? pe?
.phxnU nB }R R hdc> eL L}I
nT

nB @ hYn\eU |w L _]bU nB x U|U

x U|U _SU @= d_eU n? Y = d_U n? Y }?
.f K }B w {AU }Un= q? nei naeU e\eU nB
hmT m=

~U {hU
U {hU
nY R dU \R {hU

hdL
.}hB
U {hU
d_U }hQ _@ f_> nY dL nf= phU

}T {S
bd _e= nB @ w {A }? nLn= pA
n edL
chR {_Un=

phfxc> phxn> ph\S dL ({AU }B) nB K

nS lR U|U

./ : n[Y ()

71

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

.()inH}U {iB dY hdL nY B dL U|= nB n@

feU dL ~c>}x (}haU nB) Y SeU ni}T neY

dx
nB lR nghA
nB n> }aeU
nx |U U sgfeU

qhU gR gbaU
bU R nA nB H nA nB phA
{L

pA
.pA
{fL c> cex ilR

n> x}aeU
n^i qadB phU swnfeU B dL nf=

y w neT }B }aY
h= x_U nghdL neL rhA Y nB
.}haU bA R ed_U
}U R

mag\=

{Y HnfU {= phahT pUjY r= cex pY{beU

{LbdU n bh]>

.R qhU w L U nx}U dL x_U neL

g`mI cK v
T o`m\T

nf= Y B B h= ~U S dL pU {U nx}U
L hL = L nfH }S R n}U L }eU
R neT A

Q Y dHnf> hT nf U L Qn}U qUjH :nS ]i~U

inU ]U R qdeA ?
qdeA :nbR
]= R U n B h=nw A
Y U h=nS ~>
h=nS Y U h=nw ~R

]= R U n B h=nS
. =nU @}eU U {hdU
}bU }ha> R nhU / : n[Y ()
72

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

.()U {_= x}U {A ?

h=nw

H}Y nA R }eU
hU = dL
dY

L UneU L
.()Q
oghmT o`m\T

{S ~U cx ncfH U B dL pU {U nx}U w
h=nbU phf @ }gK dU = A
{U Y B B h= S
nT h_U U Y g@
ij= ng\_= h=ngU pxA }gK
.nx}U B dL T p_=
Y}\U H}Y {UnB = nehdH L Inh_U H}Y R {S
px neL
= pxn_Y px d_U {x}= px }B dH}Y
.()p=i = px dRfU px nehdH = >nbY

I dL _x
{fU {Y H}Y h= ng_he@ nx}U
.ngfY
^T oaw|I

Y aSY }aeU
sgfY nH dL bx nx}U |w Y Jn_U

:UndU n bR nB |w Y SeU dx hdL nf= }haU nB

bU nB nA nB phA
sgfY nT :

{L }aeU

n edL {ha> ngi }bU }ha> R nx}U |gU pehS ilR gbaU

./ :nU ()
./ : . ()
. :nS nx}U / : . ()
73

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

eL
}wnK }bU }wnK Y pefeU nx}Un= ngZH cex =

~U S U pan]U Y ni nJn]U {hU

L neT

.A
Y B B h=

{hU
SY nT .phinU pan]Un= nJn]U {hU
j_x U U|U

{L x{bU gfY dL nf= (}bU A Y) }ha> R dU \R

h>nw {A {bx U ngn_> ngRB U nx}U |g= nfL
{hU
Sni i }bU }wnK Y ngYni }B dL han]U

R hU ni}I neT g^U |w Y R nJn]U

.pb=nH nbh]>
ex}> dL hU{U {L dL nf= ~U |w Y S {_x U f cU

.dU px{= R

ilR gbaU bU nB nBn= e_U }aeU

sgfY nT :m ghm>

neY
nfH ph ngiT pUnA R nB |g= e_U hdL chH
}wnK w neT ?U |w Y [x U [_eU L {[= ?x
U {hU
L neT ~U |w Y S {_x U x|U ned_U

.>jhH neT n]`U InT hA {eY

zhZU

_U y@
L{= U U dL phinU pan]U deU pY
_i

.()phbU
h= nwngI
dL eR pYn_U

_U L R pZSnfeU cex
ngd S ng@ {L
R deU pY
w = n bd]Y hn_eU x}U {A n @}Y
hU phbU
dL eU

pxn_U }wn^eU R U nB R neT pdeU R n@}eU

Y

./ :n= ()

74

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

Y R pHnU
phLne@ phHnhU neU R U pYn_U

Y nB d eU beU {haeU zhZU nB fY w eU

.()inhU {hU

x}BjeU

R qhU w pe

Y }B nY }[L h= ~hheU >

pnB
nY p@{= Qn[U Q}SnU nY }[L R [>
nei phbU

.Qn}U nY }[L R [>

cex

|K

Hnf> {= phahT R dU \R {hdU

@ dL n bd _Y _U oT
:pbhdU

cex :bx {i Q {U > phahT L U p=n@ R

j= bU cex phL}ZU pUn= q=n? }U |w i f i neT bU
.B @~>
B

ZU |w nT dU
:bhR n Y}A cx U U }T|x ?

A
px}ZU pS]i neU yax |U w |w neU
.}hQ x}J {@x

Y cY pdn_U n^fR :bhR eU |w dax ?

{fL pLnfY nfw c> nY{fL hbx x nei w B B

{fL
n> f@ nA
qB {fL {fL
{
nhA R @Y qinT phfU hHnA nf}R U i }B

}b>
dR _U neg\_= n> nhA R new n>

. :=nU @}eU rx{U B ()

75

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

yax rhA d`eU dn_U

U
[B R f> U phdnL nhA

{_= Un_> inH dU lR U|U .n_U R cZ=

Y |gU neU

q HnfU {Y
nY{fL pUnB nB nf= L
nf= nfw n
R pdn_U efU
pdn_U n^i hbhU U dU }A

ph_hJ nSL nfw

ZfhU d]fx U {_= phfU phAnfU Y h^i }wnJ @

{A
T

.pdnL gfY
:dU \R {hU

@ Y dbi nY dL _U |w d _x ?

U {gL R pdn_U Q pdnL nf_Y cU |w

pLnfY pe?
R h_> c>
cx U ..phfU phAnfU Y h^i }wnJ @
.}B n> f@
nA {
qB {fL

h= nehR {U
|w U f@
ai @ _U |w }ax gR

_U g\_= n> phf@ hHnA x{U cU

nT rh= pdnL

nf= L
nf= nfw y pdn_U }?nc> neU ?
..nw{U n> A
.!qd[A hT ..!pLnfeU qd[A pUnB

pUn= q=n? R Bj= sx~> :bx _U |w

ng]H= cex pbx}J pe?
pdcZeU |w A
cx U i L~x phL}ZU
.ngUB Y px}ZU pS]i

dx ceeU Y hU
dB neT @ {U cU
:U bi

!S Y A

rx{A R Qn[U L d_U R dU eA {[U {S

dL
U L dU nH :Bj= rx{A QhR }cfx U
76

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

nA
bdB a _@ Un_> dU :|w bx Y bU }hT

nedeU hedeU nfYkeU hfYkeU A dH nhi

gSnhY |B {S U Y gbdx nY {bU Y U cx U !!}A Y

!oh]U
}wn]U }g]U U dL

Bn= B ~>
A nfH }S nA }B nY

.()p_hZU }hQ ow|eU }Y |w R b=n]Y a_\hR

|K zah

w nf x dU \R {hU
Ubx nY _U |w dL ax w

zhZU nJn]U {hU

R p_hZU nedL }=nT Y {L
gY{bY
n Hj= U {hU

hR {x U neT !n]`U InT hA {eY

._U |w T = Ax neT nRnfY

neg>B Y nf= ~>

w :U {hU
fL H nY pde@ aR

phf @ pxA

|Y padY U R U nB :U {hU
n@jR

}I R pY}Y
c> U ngi ncY Bn= nT qS{ U nehR

.()B dL Q

U Y ~U |w R |Y ij= }[x
hdL

U {hUnR

zhZU {x U .
UncI R _U |w ncI {nR {Y }_>
{hU
dL hd_U jZx U rhA U R n Hj= ~x}U @ }hY

. / :nhadB ()
./ :nfU } @ ()

77

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

dL hd_U R gfY w neT }U dL bRY U Y }_hR U

w .nfU }
~x}U zhZU {S R _U |w Zx
!!phde_U

nS {bR nJn]U {hU

fU px }wnK :U {TkY
nY
hR negTnZx }hQ Y @ U gfx ni Y @eU
U [ : nfU] m h |gS m? md f e X q <
:nS rhA new}hQ
.new}hQ Y negfY :bx
R fL @ {_= U pb]U R :nS ?

hfU ) B B h= S nei p]H = new

ilR hR }h |Yx
ghR x}[fY ninT ni T|U (nfUn=

n Yx hx dR inH dU U @ _x}Z> cA
.()}B Y}x

lR _U |w }h_> {A
~U |w dax nJn]U {hU
dL

.dU \R {hU
adR neT hL}ZY hd A
phinU pb]U Hnf> R T) f_= n = nJn]U {hU
{bL {S

@ w ni Y U pb]U :hR nS (ni Y

kw i gR (B B) nf= hf= {UjR n= qdHnf>

J }wnK U }hQ x}]= B B w gfh= n=

ox}bU Y {b>
nY dL m h |gS m? md f e X q <
:Un_> US

}hQ Y @ U gfx nei ni Y @eU fU

rU

}bU }T|x U i }T Y new}hQ U R negTnZx

./ :}bU }ha> R ~heU ()
78

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

new}hQ Y negfY r=
:nbU U R pT}I new}h`U nT U .newnx
R fU {Y n[i d_eU Y ad U Y Hnfx ne= U }T
.neg>nf= Y negfh= n= \bx @

nY dL hdL pb=nU }ZU R |T H R Y}= cU nY

=nS }hQ fxc> {HnaeU yUn[eU x _x}Z> cA w neilR cx
~nU eR {x}x nY cx nZx nY _ax inH dU {h= YnY }hh`dU
p@nU na> U {_= Y}x
U }\U nL{H n Yx hx
?
.eeU R nZaU nZi p=nH

}]R x nhi dU L}I

nY }]aU B dL ij= bU
zcT f ? R i Q :Un_> nS
mf g c K m
e T | \ Q T c T | \ Q m `ge@ w
z =
haf> }]aU lR {HnR [ : }U] g a T w
zT T c T c T w
}InY) }IneU Y fU |w L nw}af> pg@ Y RB U L{>
nZaU hI U xj> pg@ Y haf> \`> nei (qB
ini eeU L ngLna> U|= pa _U ~x}Q ]= }cfeU
fL hdL ]fx nei }IneU neU Y fU |w d_eU Y
hU x eeU nY
hU eUn_U eeU R nZaU aU
inH dU dB nY o= nfw
phgU phZeU B B
.f_U |w hdL ]fx R g?ni w}?nc= pbd _Y

h= U{> px~x}`U }afU pg@ Y haf> }]aU dL hU{U

nhH R n hiinS LhI (zxnU [bx
nY dL) p dxJ n[L eU
R iinbU x}J }hQ Y n AnaH LhI |T (cx nY dL)
.n=
79

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R }> U w ph_h]U hibdU UnY i :nbx ne=

nfhH B lR n_H yUn[U eeU {bL S ni

B h= ~x}`U heU Z_U ~x}Q ]x U~feU eeU R

.bU nedL _= }T neT B

{b>
px}\U p@nU {L R [bY
neT feY i hR
p^RnA ph_h]U }hQ ph_U hibU c> ng= [Y n hin?

h_eeU n_U pad cY eeU R aU o@U [dU

.()ph_hJ }hQ hU nhU R }{U pUe_eU hibU ^_eR

lR U Y }T =
U nA px }x nJn]U {hU

pbReU w p_hZU }hQ ow|eU ngbReU pah_ _U ngfL nS

.nL ncU }wn^U

ReU w rx{U R |U |w :S :nJn]U {hU

nS
w ngn_> }B nx nfw nL ncU }wn^U
dL {>
.U R U
qR}L {S nU U Y ghU ~i e= @~>

gi

./ :~heU

h_ nA }B Y _U }T|x nY p
{L }g^x U|=

nY Y }bdU ReU w }U |w p_hZU }hQ ow|eU bReU

.n bd]Y phbU
dL eU nx}@ {L Y ni}T

Y }B Y
R bhR }T ~U |gU nJn]U {hU

dax

]U o= hR {hbx
inL Y ni ... :}ha>
ncfU pf =

. / :~heU ()

80

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

n Y ni Y }T|U ofx n hf@ p=}S ai dL }x

o= n f= n B n = fY i .w}hQ n f= n B
nfU B ngY
nci qx bfU zxnUnR pxgZU phL{U

phS}U peh^_U Y R w}hQ

.()...p]feU

zhZU oT
R ZfeU =@ R n]`U InT hA {eY

fL {U |w {= R HnfU phahT nY
:(dL }aU) nT
nB n? _= R nY oA ngdR di Y i |U |w nfY
n Y> {d> qinT A
}T ]= T
ngd _U U :nbx}J

y
.|cw }B ]= Y i Y ]U |w Y }T|U ~x
ncR i

Y U nghB Y qB ~x
i }B ]=
hT i ncI
hU ni~U j= R{Y neU |= ni iT L }x
paUnY
rhA hcU }ZeU Y }beU
hYfU pL}ZeU hibU

HnfU cex pbhdU {=

@U S R }ZU n@ U |g=
aA U p@nU qY
ineU {L \beU
fU }c> neU ?
Y ineU [A dn_U n^fU aA nA }H ~he>
ni

L fU [x ~dU hiS nZU ..U nY B ~>

.()..~Y B

nf= U dU ~i ne= sx~U w phinU pbx}]U L {>

?

pY{beU
px}ZU U nxnb= Y gU ni Y dU ~i nY eA

.nfY dL

. / :~heU ()
.S rUnU :dL }aU ()
81

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

|A |K

phA
neY
{L R }T {b>
dU \R {hU
px}^i dL n bhd_>
L}ZU cU nJ R nB dL phU
[S }haU nB

nf > neY
phL}ZU ncA }hQ R nfeJ hbhU h[> ~U
oT }BkY
fL {L }bU A Y }ha> R dU \R {hU

:dx nY nfw i
nfi :n }_Y nhadB nT R _U

w hbhU hR od]x |U ncU |w Y ~U |w R {b>

dL ng= nbL ox U px{nb_U Y [B
w nA T
|T }B hU fU
{hAUnT nex H nghdL S x U

UnT {hb_U ? nghdL S x U ~_eU R hbhU od]x

U = nbL ox neilR U {L nY nY fU
n? nghdL S x
i
{hU
U Y |w n bd]Y hU qaU
f_x _U ngfL {>
pUn=
q> acx = nghR hbhU nL dL hU nfw dU \R

P fU
nY}c= nbL Y U b_U {fL n L}I }_eU
U hU hdc> P U }ZU H P {h= [U yhT
_i H nex b> R U phdB{Y U lR .U i
}U
~dx U = nbL hdL o@ }_Y p=
niU q? U
L {x
w Q}SnU nY L {S R qhU w dL

new qwzT dG {T T
:=n
faX m@ zeK vG
d< |`S
z? eX idH cR caw T ca^w cQ me K |w megT

zw v <
bgQ zeG megT |A mhzeK X qwzT ^T
z@ Sm= qwz< <{b= :QfL .mew K m ?mA T{<
82

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

X c ^T z= bhkQ
.H|K Q cT <{bQ T

R }haU R nA nB phA
{_= bx _U |w
n hwnaeUn= pd[ eU phfx{U
nxn\bU R nhicU
R zxnU

pfUn= nU |T U }hQ nhi n_R cU R padeU

:bi .SU }H nI ncdY L {>
U nx}dU

Y [>
U {AU }B phA

lR |w ecA R oU {i

dL = {x
neY
nw}hQ jfU px b_U nfT ngU B
|w n@ x eR .i i R phU
|w [>
U hA

.}> nx geU = x{U h[U

R h_\U rx{Un= |B ncY {_= bx _U |w
|w ?eU rx{Un= |Bn= bx Y :bi .nhU oi@
~d= bx U x
pbU rx{= gfY i n e L{x
_U
.{b>
nY }nH R }ZU Y R {fH yh[U }U dL n[S

phxn>
p?nA nI ncdY nfU bfx hA {AU }B

qinT lR nLeU Y Y R }B bfx iT L {x~x

pU{_= nB hS Y w nY eZ> nedR b_U n= Y hA

L rx{U |T phiaU bU p?nA S= nf U Y {x nh=

iaU {dU R B ~U S nghR {U
nhicU

w neR nhi n_Rj= pd[ eU nxn\bU nY gUn= ngZUnT

bfT
g>
pLnI }B bi n_R |w Y nfU R gYnh gA

{A x P >n? }T eU _= R n_dU pSnU nY fU

qinT rhA {L = }e_U QdL

S }hB n= dS }T
83

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R ne= naT pUbY n_= {Y {i ...hd b U nL {_> =}

ne= }bU
L nwn_= {Y {i }>eUn= b_U hdL
nghR d> U eU L }hT }_i dU nT nfA pUbY
.gi ()d> L |w
|K zah

:n^AY {L
_U |w }T nY dL i

[B R od]x nei hbhU Y S }baU R }T nY :

p=ne= ..fU
{hAUnT ng= nbL ox U px{nb_U Y

hbaU | x |U feU sgfeU dL fY }T nY n[eU

phA
R adx ned_U nfR}L {S nB n> afU }aeU

.{h_i ni}T nY nbU @}hdR gbaU bU nB nB

nY dL fY i nbeU R dU \R {hU
}T|x nY hx
U|=
Y }ha> R n@ nehR gbaU
bU nB nB phA
[=

.ned_U Y }hT {L hdL bR }bU A

fU
}hH Y yh[U) =nT R }T ai _U |w dL

nY nx Sni U|U ]bU U nx {nb_Un= >}x nY (^L

nA lR ...n \x :nx}U R }T hi}`U [b=
}_x
{nb_Un= >}x hR i nY nhL}aU R cx neilR dH U H}eUn=
.()..]bU U n> U

. / :nhadB ()
p_Yn@ }Zi /S / :dYn_U \>}Y }a_@ {hdU
^L fU
}hH Y yh[U ()
.S hH{Y
84

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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hnaU Y w = {hb_U j= >}> p[bU

|w d_Y

R ]bU }hQ pxnaT {_= (..yh[U) =nT R nfw ~U {S px{hb_U

dU \R {hU
dL neU |w Y R nB pxnac= }[x
hA

= }
nY U p@nU {L nx}U |w R _]U hacx nT i Y

fU
}hH Y yh[U) =nT R gR U|U ]bU U nhA Y
.hdL f Zx hcR dU \R {hU
Y a x (^L
U{H x{U
}hQ R x{[U nex @ R US nY

ilR ngdb>
ne=
ngdb_> {_U rxnA pY}A Y ni}T neY
:hg@ Y Snfx
T ofT

[S lR }U pY}A dL qU ngi U nB |w pU R
nY
U ph@~eU phafU pUnU Y n S]i }U pY}A w hdL {>
}L
U|U .phed_U }hxn_eU U @}U Y ngdb>
ngdb_> {_U
X |`S z? eX idH ... :Ub= pUnU |w Y L QnY

<{b= :US ..<

...Sm= qwz<

{@ nY Y w rxnA |w Y lR hdL
Y ng= |T
ng= U ?U [x U nghR S > nY
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91

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93

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94

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. / :nhadB ()
95

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L px}eU nx}U Y {L
R }bU ]= U nI

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c T c w i = c ^ w mX
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96

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n= qUjH :nS ()}=n@ L H}Y {f= Inh_U L nY *

f=n@jR phin? UjH ?

f=n@jR }bU }ha> R I L Q}a_@

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|f]cT |fJ T \< \cT m e\< |acT

|<m? mw :U nbR hU S

ow
|aT |g`= X m?|T aK X z^< H ~gT |<m? mw |fJ
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bT

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px }bU R nY px}U |w L Q}a_@ n=
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nx :QdU {L = nS :nS }=n@ L H}Y {f= Inh_U L *

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./ ..hR InfU {bU }=n@ px U :nU R }~U fU
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.b_x =
{eY zhZdU rx{U n@ _Y Y {haeU @) e_Y R U {hU
b? cU
.(}wU
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Y }g^x
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.(
97

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z^< H ~gT |<m? mw :nS ?

[ }gK] }gK ]dU n f]= }bdU }=n@

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eX m?|T aK X
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.? cK |ZX
Z X S v H Q mv|A

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phin? fL UjH ?
f=n@jR }haU Y I L Q}a_@ n= qUjH

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S v H Q mv|A H Q mfT
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()

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./ :nhadB ()
98

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R H]U zhZU nS
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L nf=n

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99

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.w /S
100

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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nU {S :nS U neT nghin_Y R naU ne_H pinbY ]U |w

pinbY }> U phUbH in_eU Y }B in_Y YcU n inbY
.~Un= U ad U U pU Y nf_Y R ad U ne_H

R ad U hR e_eU f_eU U Y ]U cx :mdfghm>

nT nghR
e_Y ad U cx
T }h^i phY~U pU{Un= nghdL {x

.nT}U ~fU nL n YY ({x Y)

mIm\T zgT
ow|]h

fL q> (H R }bU) nT R nJn]U {hU

oT
c T z K
:{heU YT R Un_> dU bx :(Jn= }wnK }bdU)

pex}cU px |w }wnK .[ : nfU] m g H < S | Y=
dL {x
Q :Un_> US R n@ neT nf nL L gf> ngi
~
? |T
e ?m
X
>
pd _U }g^x hdU YjU
{_= cU [ : sU] m
|w .Un_> dU }h`U n L\B ngiT w nf nL Y feU R
n \x n]hZU pLnJ L ijI ~L

}L

= nf n_= x
:nS rhA n_Un=
m\ g YT
z ^ = e< mw b g T z f K T

h= p>beeU pLn]U R }R i hx
}B pg@ Y [ : x]
nL n \x afU gZU pLnJ lR ai niU }h`dU c>
:US R hU }hZx neT Un_> dU Y
v f T { = X p w | Q
hd= [ : ph?nU]
dU }hQ U @U
{L Y {=
i }i

L @
U \U UbHn= }L nf_Y }hQ U @U

|gS e f T mh z a T
:Un_> bx ngfh_= pLn]U n_U w |w
101

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_T v T
...~h
T X

{fL [ : }L] c Qm

S | Y=
US R ph{U }^fUn= }i pex}cU nx |w R }={U

Hi
nY{fL nf nL L gfx Un_> i [ : nfU] m g H <
}T nf_H>
_=

U i Y dU }hQ nL L gfU }i HU

nfw U nY ng>gI n> n= ai ni nL L gf U }fU |w Y

nY n x }hQ U @U
dU L pda`U L gfU }fR }T H>

?
|w .}h`U U nT

px Y {= f_Y gK = f_i {U
= pex}cU nx he@ R n@ |cw
Y H f_Y gK
R P fU
.nfH

L nY f_Y }g^x eU |w R YjUn=

T m e\< e\T m e\< |fJ |acT
:US Y }haU rx{U oT
hhf_eU T ]= }gK Jn= }wnK }bdU |w dL .\< o^G
pex}cU nx Y }x
lR }_U R ]U R n_S negi
.()}wn^U A~> JnU JnU af> }wn^U

R d> b_U ngR U }^i ... :}B ]bY

R bx

..nfadH neT phUn_U n_eU nbU {fL }]U Ykx nxf_eU

pYn_U
oHnf> U nxeU =j= ehUn_> x}cU }bU }_x

pehcU pbx}]U |w .p@nU gT{Y gegR {A R d cx

k> nfU pYnL

nghi
ngegax p@nH p`d= phUn_U n_eU r>

}bx nY Y cZ=
nbU phdeL pbx}]U |w R naU }wK
ngR oA d R }w^U nH pxf_eU nbU b> fY
ngfY {x
pbx}]U |gU }B phi ..T{Y dbL {b= I T

. =nU @}eU H R }bU ()

102

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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U pfUn= f_x JU U pfUn= nYjT c> nx }wK

d> cR pYn_U
ngR Y Y dL w U phgU n_eU

bx ngR U ceeU n_eU }b> nYjT }w^U

:U@ @
| a T {
v Q m
e T | S < i Q X S X
e cT me Q | z a T
m

c =
X
e cT mf < | [ h m
mf c a ^ w mX m
:bx [ : }H] ` S
nY Y }hT x}cU }bU R [ : cf_U] d Tm^ T

pnB phi}S nYj= >

pbd]Y nwnf_Y R nY T|eU nx

phUn_U n_eU U pfUn= nY ngd T nx j= bU Y {=

hd_R
.()}bdU eH {[beU w U

in_eU Y }T nY h= }aU nh= U nJn]U {hU

{[x

{[x
i neT .phY~U hU{eU h= }_Un= ]Un= {x{_U

R JnU @ Y }T nY h]> U
R y }T nY lR px T
p@{Un= hU f cU oh`U Un_= [ x neY
Bn= phUn_U n_eU

.phSB phL}ZU ncAn= [ > U nx R U Y ngai

T zgT
ow|]h

}ha> R (pxnacU) R inH}U {iB }T nY dL bhd_> R

ne_H nA ngai R }eU in_eU :iT neA (]U)

hR e_eU f_eU U :iT neA ad U Y }Y ngi
dU d> qinT ad U
nfinw nghU [> rh= phaB

{_eU
nL ]U T fL inU neA U {hU

y@.}nbU

. ai =nU {[eU ()

103

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

:hg@=
ai dU L

U~fY dL
}bU pe^L o@x ngai R in_eU :mdfT

= phR}_U ne_H Y phi}bU ne_H }hQ R U cex

w|U dL }> cex pdegeU naUn= cU Y R U cex

.}hT n_Y
d cU nA R
U|= w }bdU n i]= in_eU |w c> ~dx i :mdfghm>

R U nx}U \bY naUnx }Y |w .fL phf@ c>

i]= }bU in_Y in_eU |w U|= }bU pe^L nh= nbY

.()fL phf@ ngi

cdU dU R (]U) }ha> U U {hU

px}^i he> U|=

}T |U
neAU Un]= Y U R nx}U gK L

}Y R deU pY_U T Y U }g^x ne=

.inH}U {iB

.()b_U

inU cx ai neA inA}U {hU

cU
y@
nf^A i :nS .x}cU }bU pe^L }wn^Y Y }g^Y
od]eU Zcx nY L }^fU nf\eQ }bdU ]U @ Y od]eU

xJ [aY
r= U nx ngU i R hbU lR [i Y
pe^L inU
neA oin@ R p@}U pa cU }i
nghU [> nfU nw L phaB [beU nf_eU U @= }bdU

db= / R U {hU
r= }x}b> baU R }nY ()
.nhR nH zhZU
.S / :b_U }Y ()
104

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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neT pU~feU }I pe^_Un= U|= [ x ilR g>nT gUbL

{_Y
dL h]dU ngai R pd=nS phi}bU eU T nY .ax
n_Y
{x in_eU Y }hT {L dL ng> {A R pU ngai R }Y
[x oSnU hS{U }cadU cex rh= heU {A f_Y ngfY
pe^L Y gR ncU nx R e_U
YjUn=
in_eU d> _= U

deU YcU ohT}U }bU

cex nY phR}_U eU Y S
}hT {L dL h]dU =nS ohT}> }xlR in_eU Y {_Y
dL bh]>
nghU >naU d ceU ai R in_eU d> }R in_eU Y
dL hU phYcU ohT}U Y nghdL bh]> cex nY }x R x}>

R }hca> R p_H d ceU U pe^L

naU nS dL J
.()nghin_Y
}x[U Y dL n gh@ nT inA}U {hU
}T|x nY cU
ne= S

hdL
dL nx}U hdL qU ne= U pSL ilR faU

neT nf_Y }bU ad= [ x neY

]U T Rnfx U = ng\_=
.U {hU
bx

}T zgT
ow|]h

nY B dL (}bU ]=) ~U dL {L {hU

{S
}R
.>n_x}a> _= Y ni Y f= bU n b=nH ni}T

nY ?
}bdU dL nB Y
... :( ox|g>) R nS
n i]=
d> f_Y Y }T R }ZeU ne_H p
dL {x

.w S hcU oAn[U {L {hU

db= / :inA}U {eY {hdU
bfY ()
105

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ngegax U Y}U nI hS Y ]U
.()pnB
nI
bH i dL in_eU Y hU (}bU ]=) YT }wnK

U|= R pe
ngR}_x Y nI w = ~dU i dL

YjUn=
ngnfS cex U pbhS{U in_eU Y (]U) j= bU cex

w inA}U {hU
hU nI nJn]U {hU
}T neT hS{U

{iB hU nI nY Y bdx cex _i .ngT cex U dU Y

.nw nghU [> neY
dU d> qinT nY pUnA R inH}U

cT [Q zgT
ow|]h

d_U =}U fU }e>kedU Y{S

U r= R dU \R {hU
oT

[i
]i U nfi :bx pH{beU
S

R {b_feU ehwnaY }bU

f_eU R hbJ ad U _> U pxneU pbx}]Un= JnU }wn^U pUjY
hR f>
nhI hR {_>
|U fJn= ZU }wnK w neT n Yne>

L dx {U Y n in@ ex |U }g^U w neT n[U

ad U n>{_Y
nx\L nUnA nfgR }B n in@ ex |U ]U

pbx}]U Y UjeU w nehR pd?neY phfw pUn= A> p]h= ph> pUnA
dL yd][eU |w n]fH Y {=
U|U ph=}_U p`d U R pRUjeU

pRnb? B n _> egR pbx}J d> |U {AU f_eU nH

_= [x
neT n Yne> nhI n[= R}_Y R h_x |U ni

_= [x
nefh= ]H cZ= nU ngdcI B Y eZU nfU

{beUn= YnI heL cZ=

nwn? ng_hJ ngfxc> eL B Y }B
./ =nU @}eU ox|g> ()
106

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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hadY hhf_Y nfw nfhU hx

|U
R}_Y U d _U >
{S neY
}caU LU R p_]feU ng_hJ [U A B pg@ Y
dY {A f_Y R ph\bU hR e> |U qSU R niU
()
(}bU ]=) }ha> R p=n@ dU \R {hU
?
oiU
{bx
nwY R px d e> |U ~U f_eU pUjeU c> {S :bhR
d cU f_eU ~fU SY R ~fU }[L R SU R pT}eU

dL ]x
|U
pdYnZU h[B
YgaY ~> U }aeU T

f_eU w }wn^U f_eU chU beU }nU neU R

phd cU [U dL yafeU f_eU nY .}nU dL yafeU ~U
A beU dL pAaeU
~i U eU R }bU {ex

U phd cU {LnbU Y dL {ex

R pd?neeU eU T
= nghR
fL {>
U
nY w |w .ni nhU bY R {eU

()
= }eA px bfx ?
nY
rx{A Y }T R Q}SnU {eY
ni}I neY
Q n \x fL nx = h\aU px Q}SnU L hL
}SnU nY hx{U x|w R Ai nfi :bhR rU d]Y hU
{x}x Q
]> px Y e> U ph[U dL {Tkx
{>
|U n_U d cU f_eU ngdB R
ned T d T Y~U R {x

}bU R }B rx{A
R fL }L
nY |w {Y R pd?neeU eU
}x f cU Y~U R h`x h[Y S R ~i ex
{_U / (}bU pUnH) pdY R ZfeU (}bdU inhU sgfeU R Yj>) = @ ()
.incxndcU nY }I q> S x}cU }bU L n[U w HnU
. . ()
107

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|U efU ph\S ph\bU cU ngfU hdU }ebU eZU }Y

.px ngUB Y qU~i i}bU fU
ngR{gH U pYn_U
}caU {x

R }x
Y~U B
{A f_Y nfw = ad U nhf_Y nfw hdR

R beU dL ]hU

U ph[U B
}nU U neU Y
{S }B rx{A nfw .}R A}eU he@ R {>
pUjeUn= ]x

L cU = dL
L h= L {[U nY w }B @ dL
qUjH :nS a_U {x~x = }=n@ L Z=U }Z= L h\aU = {eY

f=n@jR phin? fL UjH ?

f=n@jR }haU Y I L Q}a_@ n=

=
pUjeU |w R f@ qfT {R qd_@ :qdbR .}B =
T [m e\<] \< \cT m e\< |acT
|<m? mw :nbR hU S |w }hQ
|g`= X m?|T aK K z^< H ~gT :|<m? mw |fJ |f]cT |fJ
Z X S v H Q mv|A H Q mfT
|aT
bw ow
R {_Un=
pdw

Ax {S rx{U |w .? cK |ZX

dL {hTjU }haU {_>

dL U B Y {AU pedcdU f_eU
hR hS{U cU
{x}x i dL {x
pedcU }gK }g^dU n f]= ]dU

R d]f> {S nx _= Ai fR ngUU{Y R px pUn_Y

|U {AU U
R Ync> rh= }cadU oi@ {L
L rx{U
Bn= [ x n in@ {AU pUjedU {> {bR i@ SnR {_>

Y _x neY
|cw pHnhUn= [ x n Un? ne@n= [ x }B n in@
{x rh= oi@ {L
ceeU
Y rAnU ni ngfL {x

U{Y nT U neT oin@ T

L rx{U
|w _U
bY
cZ=
pxU
R}[>
ie\Y {A B Y cU n[> R QnY }Y

108

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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}bU = ~i |U f_edU cehR i@ {_>

B Y @ dL
|> px ng= A> U nxU cex neT }B f_Y
|x
.()}B nx

... :(}bU ]=) }ha> R dU \R {hU

bx }B pedc=
Y ngi nx hS Y cx nY fJnU }h_U lR U|U
in_Y
]x }bU f_e= Jn= nfw hU :bi U|U dU

}hT nhH ]x }bU _i .`dU f_eU B dL }hT

= n hR}A n egR }bU gax ni dL }hT U ]x
neY
}hcUn= Ax |U dH Y B Y n hL{= n egR egax
.()..hR}A
R f_eU h]_x neY
ngHYnS R pedcU de>

U ~U Y ]i pbx}]= nhH w (}bU ]=) lR hdL

()
nf_Y R ad U ne_H pbx}J dL f_eU U neU d cU
ad U
.f_Y Y }T ex

}hT |U h]U n= Y gR d cU U ~U Y ]i nY
R qhU w Y pe neH neU }h_> R qhU w nx R

}ebU eZU }Y nfU nhA R }x x}cU }bU }Un=

.ngfU hd U
nY dL bx ilR f_eU U neU Y ]i nY

./ :ai =nU {[eU ()

./ :{fU ()
P
{eY
{b_feU pxfU }hU }e>keU Y{S
dU \R {hdU
fU
}bU R
r= @ ()
{L i}x RnbU ~T}eU L n[U phYH pRnbU pdY R ZfeU nL ZY{=
. pfH
109

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

.p^L {w ~`Y Y ph^ad U U{eU

mvm
g @ X
:Un_> UbU Q}SnU nY L U }haU R neT
}A Y ndU =@ R nS [ : {neU] m ^gd ? m
e T mg @ md hi b Q

mfcwi= :nS {w U Y ng@}B eR :nU nbR }Q

.]K

nhU pehb= pinbY {gdU phbhbU pehbU dL |w }haU bx

y w neT bx }haU |w Y .nhU p=ne= {gU

Y hdL eZ> ne= x}cU }bU nx dL = ^ad U U{eU dL
.nghf> n^L {w

Y y\ x
(}bU ]=) U dU \R {hU
nY T
}ha> :{b>
.ph^ad U hU{eU U h]U nhH Y iT R {x

hmG ygYT ow|]h

]=) }ha> R ned_U Y }hQ L }hT inH zhZU {_x

:w ()dU p_inY @ dL n w@ eA ilR (}bU

Y S A }bU R nY w ]U Y [beU
S U R }[fx b f U _ f U Y g=n nY [bU Y

nh@ R >jx eY
w}hQ _x
w inH YcU }wn^Y kw =
p h mS o w |R
o e d \ X o e X
:Un_> inH UbR .pYnbU
X c T |
b X S X zP mf R mfg =i w

T m
T c T mf R i Q c T ^ hi < | ` b Q m

{_U (}bU pUnH) pdY R ZfeU inH }a_@ zhZdU (px}haU swnfeU) r= @ ()
. w /U pfU

110

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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T
G vm
v { A i Q < { b Q f e X
? z a T * ^ e Z w hmS md <

S R nT [ : fU] d TmJ v
{ ^ T
dL p=}\Y phd T {LnS ngf cU pnB
.n_e@ Y

U phaU
xn[eU U {w w }bU ]= Y }eU

}i U @ nY Y h[f> }={U
U nghU U nx
f h md w b h
:Un_> inH US }ha> R bx Qn hdL

f T md w f h | ` b T o d c =ma Q b ew Q e ^ I v z f K z ^ < X
R gT @ pT}h {eX mfcv =R mX h [ : p=U] f ew f c ^ T
|gP g^mI hm^wm< |g<}T ocI X cT h{K :QdL
nS px

.px |w > ?
gv|bX
>z@ z@ |gP X ^g< m bh >

R o>}Y dL px eA w ]dU rUn? neA nfw

oA ngfY naH R nfU B nwnf_Y p_H ngYgaY

md T
X }h :Un_> inH US A g>nhd=nS g>{_H
w mdX m g< z< gT d @m
Q g c K zR
Q mv za < o w p T m Q mX

T T c T | [ w T{ S c X z< m
mX i Q Im
X o g c @ m _< me T

Q q b dgQ m

| [ w T{ S

e T ` ew mX mX m` ? n v { g Q z< }T
c T
X

}haU Y [ : {L}U] m
hd=nS
oA ngfY {hax cU
px }ha> R }aeU
nB {bR fU px }h^i .}wn^U Y {ex

>wkY
padY Y dL ngbh]>
oA nwi Y naH T
.>naT
Y~U U{eU cx nY ]U dL }T {b>
neY
}g^x
.YjeU
oSnU w|U nghU [x U pbhS{U in_eU

111

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Y nI L nL (]U) cx g\_= eA _i
nI U|T hS{U YjU
pUnA R gaU L }> U|=
.nY Y h[f> U n> U phaU
xn[eU U

w nY (]dU) {A }ha> dL }bx

U ned_U }g^x U|=

.fY }eU

}wn^U L ~_e= >
Y

JnU U hfU }\U

:Ub= (nI }haU sgfY) dL bhd_> R inH zhZU i U|U
in_eU Y }aeU
egax nei nI }haU R bU nA

dL }ha> eH
H bY gR }wn^Un= pd ngU nT pbhS{U
dL .n xnI
Y pA
}x{b> T
}ha> }wn^U nA
dL }aeUnR

neU }wn^U L pd[U ]bY nT nY

T nY px eA R =

hdL }bU eA U y[x

ij= ]bU U [A
R nw U

.()SdU n aUnY nT U pA
]bU cx |{fL }eU
nS dU \R {hU
nfilR ... :
ngai p^AeU |w dL {T {S
{hhbU h[Un= }wnK B dL }bU eA phL}I }cfi
U ph=}_U p`d U {LS Y n efY U cx {=
cU xjU
hR f>
newi pxnfcU n_H dHj= wnaU nghdL bx
neY
ed_U nH {bax i {LbU |w L }U x }h_U
L {h_= dxjU fJnU }haU nT nehH
i}bU dHU

pQU Y nhd_U p@{U R w |U hR}U f`U QU eU

Y nhH pbx}J dL rx{U Y y
nY ei nfd_x |U }Y
. ai =nU {[eU ()

112

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
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pbx}J dL f_eU U neU d cU U ~U Y ]i

.()U Y f> peHnA {LbU nU nf_Y R ad U ne_H

xjU Y fU |w Y {[U {hgZU {hU

R p^AeU |gU
L (RncU) R nY dL d L {bR }wn^U Y f> U phfJnU
{ T v
:Un_> US }ha> R Qn[U L }hT = eA}U {L
b T v m
[ : }eL ] m
d b X m
w e X m
b T g c K }h
pe QhfYkeU }hY :nS
mX iQ) R R :nS (mf<mYX |A )

m _< e X < mY = mX ^ g Q gx w =n (w f<cR Q w{T

|T c T c w i = c ^w mX cw i = m _< o e ` T
] c ^ T Q G

:U dL n bhd_> {[U {hgZU oT .pe

hfYkeU }hY [ : }eL

pg@ Y ncdU paUnY ngi ng= e_x nfbx}J dL px}U |w Y

.p_= ocU R ngdbi }Y

}hQ
acx }B pg@ Y {fH pYn>
yh@}U n_U = R >jx H neeR
ncU Y paUneU nY
Y
dbx U Jn= }B inH dU ncU paUnY c> px T
U phfJnU xjU |w Y Y {I
paUnY
.R pe

()
R nY }T ?
..x}cU ncU Y @U Y @= ngbh]> cex
nA {fU R S eY
|w rx{U {A _ Y {fU
U hU }bU }ha> R n =nT U i d U pY_U }T {S eIngU
.Hn= pd
n[B dL pU {U nx}U dL n bhd_> {[U {hgZU }T {S

.=nU @}eU }bU R P {eY fU

H r= @ ()
./ =nU @}eU dL R = ()
113

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

n> U efx eY

nx}U |w }bU ga= R pe

.gaYU U gaeU x
nxn\bU R ~`dx n e nx nT fJn=

p {Y gU cx U rhA d`U jZi n> |w n\A R

.()U ]= }H }bU xj> U g>

Xi=
o`R

nx i dU \R {hU
U _U oi nhadB =nT R
i g\_U px}haU neU Y nw}L }bU ]= }cfx
egahU }h_U R }_U pbx}J dL ~i {S }bU pUbe= U L

.px~Y nI
heU
hR cx Y _hJ cZ=

{x{L nHnfY R }T i dU \R {hU

L fL fL bi ?

_= R U dL obL }bU Ax inT R pe

nT neT }bU Ai
ox nfi {bL :Ub= eU
pe

.iAx

nci Y hU oi nY w U pUbeU dL _U |w d L {S
nS _hJ cZ=

|g= hU }Y ... :

}bU gR (}bU ]=)
P fU
U pJnU
U p@n= nfH = n _he@ bi nfi nghL{x
ned_U U p@n= nfU }T bx }bU nfU }ahU
QnY U
.()}ha> gfcex nY gU }ahU

./ :ai =nU {[eU ()

. / :nhadB ()
114

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

|K zah

:UnUn= ohi _U |w }T nY dL n bhd_>

U p
(}bU ]=) nci Y dU \R {hU
U i nY

yd][eU }ha> R dU \R {hU

px}^i pb=nU }baU R ni}T {S
.d Y R ni}T nY nbU @}hdR (]U)

L nY dL n hb_> dU \R {hdU
n_= _U |w rZ>
_i
m
g @ X
:Un_> US }ha> R Q}SnU nY
e T mg @ md hi b Q mvm

{gU U \U Y afU }Bl= nw}R

{S [ : {neU] m ^gd?
U B Y :n b _Y dU \R {hU
nS ^L ngdxj> U
_U nx nehR pedcdU fJnU f_eU f_x xjU gai

egahU }h_U R }_U pbx}J dL ~i {S ilR }bU ]= Y }ax

nehR ..px~Y nI
heU
hR cx Y ..._hJ cZ=
.hdL n_>

}hQ R ng= }x nwnf_Y }hQ pedcU ex

|U ~Y}U dH

.()...neU pxnfcU n_HU nH Y ngUnY

px~Y}Un= (}bU ]=) }ha> ai w dU \R {hU

{[= nY
(]U) _U }R
f_eU }hQ n \YnQ f_Y ~Y ad U
neY

.>nedT Y }g^x neT ~U {hU

{S U|=
px}^i R U }Y
}ax
_U nx nehR .. dU \R {hU
nL n@ U|U

neT }bU ]= nci dL |w >nL R pU ..}bU ]= Y

./ :}bU A Y ()
115

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

._U |w hU oi
_U |w L{x |U oU L ni cex U dL L

nY T nehR (}bU ]U) }ha> R dU \R {hU

nedT wnU
neY
U

= {>
}T Y = }hB y = _U |w hdL dJ

=nT Y inU ~U R }[S ij= |L y[x

pbAeU

L bi = hdL }[bx U i (}bU A Y) }ha> dL (nhadB)

.n \x U fY y[x
hdL }[S U = }hQ
neT }bU nhH ox i dU \R {hU

S Y }T nY nY

{A
dL U ncfH o@x nY hR {i R iAx pe
nT
fi nfi :bi neT i}ax
nT neT }bU }ai
pe
nfi :nfUS
nI Y A= L}ZU
cU
Y {A
neU n bR R pe

.U|U }J

US nY
gfL px}U R neT }bU nbA fbhx pe

yh ilR ()heU {U {A
U [x ne=
f ^x w}hQ

phL}ZY {L }haU phL}ZY {L f_x U cU

hdL nQ

nhH Sn]fH }bU Y naH

fx {A n@ neU
n _]S oh[Y i ~x i p=n {_= ZY i n hL}I n ecA
U U|U }haU R }Y U|T .n _S dU cA hU x
nY

.= |B o @ nx Y px }ha> R [_eU L }? }U y

nfU }ahU

QnY U P fU
U p@n= nfi US nY

./ :nhadB ()

116

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

gfcex nY gU }ahU
ned_U U p@n= nfU }T bx }bU
}ha> R [_eU U p@n= nfi f_x neR hS }hQ T gR }ha>
}w^= |B x i gY YnQ }bU f_x w }bU

}ha> }? U @}U ox U|U pA

qhU }bU }wK
.[_eU

w _= {b_x neT gY YnQ }bU = f_x nT nY

x}cU }bdU U pn_eU U yh }hQ ilR pxZU nB

= px{w nT iT B i = (hY }S) ij= |U ai
. ~_Y iT B

}haU nB phA
R ni}T {S
r= R {x{> =nH [R

{hU
}bU
}wK > R bY
px}^i p_@}Y cex pA
.n b=nH hU ni}I neY
nJn]U

{L o@ U|U pA
qhU }bU }wK f_x nT nY

}haU
nB r= R hU ni}I neT n \x yh }hQ ilR }?n=

cex >
nY }haU
}hQ nB w _= = {H
nY {fH n>

. nedL hdL J neY

w d]eU n? gfx

feU zHnfU pR}_eU [_eU U p@n= nfi [bY nT _i

xn[eU U nI {hbeU
d]eU nU n_U
neY
phaU

U U dU \R {hU
fx U yh gR oh`U U n_= [ x
.nw}hQ R hU {fH neY
}baU |w R U }_x

P fU U p@n= nfi hR L{x

|U qSU R _U |w dL

117

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

}ha> Y _U Unx neU p

i }bU }haU QnY

[_eU }B p=n? nbA ]U w = nhHn= }bU ]U

\YQ }bU J= L nfU [_eU Zcx U p@n= nfi ngfL

fU
|U qSU R
}hH Y yh[U) =nT R bx ilR U L{x
|U f_eU U cx w ]U }g^U f_Y nT :(^L
chU {[bx d cedU dex
ad U cex neY

nU fL ~x

dbL
|Y jR
ZceU f_eU |gU ]U pU~fe= _dU pfUn=

]= }bdU |w nU chdR !!|g= ~U Y [x L}I

{Y R S }> ned T ni |w ngaZcx }T _H = p_H

R H}U R ngJ pe U ngaZcx pR}_eU d_U
d _U

fh_= dbi nY w .()x}cU }bU ghU nI x|U e_U R b=nU

=nT R n hR}A
{L Y }T nY Y n n_> hR {x ()(nhadB)

\be= QnY P fU
U @}U L ~_e= }haU @
\R (]U) }x (fU)
(}g^U) L
|w R i = ghU p@nU

pR}_eU d_U {Y R S }> ned T ni hU [x cex neY

.R pe

H=

=nT Y nwnfdbi U }baU R }x _U |w y\ x U|=

(..yh[U)
d ceU {[bx ad U dex
cex neY
JnU :
p\Yn`U Y Y Y}U nI Y cx y[x
U|U

cex U
ai dU \R {hU

hU nI nY w ad U ngdex

./ ^L fU
}hH Y yh[U ()
./ :nhadB ()

118

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

nI Y hU (JnU) Y }bU A Y =nT R }T neY

.U|= }ha> _U nx neT Y}U

p_H Y hU U
YjU
J
cex neY

JnU :n hin? }x

S}U
dU \R {hU
{L }g^x U|= .ed_U
dL }cfH nY p

.YT Y ZAH nY
wiT

()

{fL ] hdL w nY n A] (xjU) R n> rU bx

x}cU }bU R ne= }B w}hQ {fL = x}aeU

:n_Y {L
dR ned_U ] R (xjU) nY

}R pe?

bx |{fL }haU w xjU Y }eU :

nY{bU {fL ] |w }T {S nR}Y negR }haU h= fh=

{x}x ...px xj> :gUS Y nY{bU }T U|U x}aeU

Y

.nw}ha>

nT lR }wn^U B dL eU xjU fY }eU :hmT

R neT }wnK B dL deA f_x dxj> lR f_Y R }wnK ad U
ngdeA f_x ngdxj> lR [ : yaU] f wz w Q c T zw :Un_> US

U|T }hT dL
U L Un_> hU {hU pi R nw}wnK B dL
.()nhi Y j]U ph[_eU { ngfY }g^x U naU Y nY

.=nU @}eU {[U {hgZU T nY dL rU |w R h cZ=

ni{eL ()
U }T|= {= ..qUjH nY U oh@ ni ... :nS \>}eU x}ZdU nhi x~f> @ ()
nB nx Y UneU = d _> nY xj= ?
..yh[U ow|eU dL pU{Un= ?
nU |w R
.zxn> {= S ..ngg@ hdL I U
119

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

x hS U|U x}aeU
nU dL ] |w }T {S

L ng@}B nx xj> U {e_hR >{hb_U }bU \x }aedU

phfJnU xj> R ned_U n> U|U ()>{hbL RU nw}wnK

.ed_U sgfeUn= }_x nY xj>

ned_U pfU dL U{> }T {bR x}cU }bUn= x

U =

.()n \x nx}U rxnA n]i R

R }eU eY {A yh@}> w xjU fY }eU :qTmT

hU x
}aeU
nY lR :}B pedc= .]S }hQ Y pex}cU nx

}x |U }haU B dL xjU Y ilR ]bU }hQ hH dL nT

.hbhU ]bU hH dL px }Y Y }aeU

hU >
nY fY

hU U nfH ad U Y }edU n fhY

nT nY fY }eU :<|T
.L}I
hU U nfH fh>
cx |U }haU B dL dbL

nY n_hH L rU ad U f_Y }ha> fY }eU :~XmT

.{[Y Y = {x
n_U gaeU hU kx

nY yh @U |w he= }h_U {[U {hgZU {hU

}x

p@nA n]i R B{> qY

}^fU ]b= y[x
nei U cU
()}aeU

n hA] hU L}I

U{Y }hB lR x}cU }bU R neL

.fY }eU {x{U ngai phL}ZU n[eU dL SU Y {=

R

./ / / (}bU A Y) }ha> :=nU @}eU inH @ ()

/ nB }wn^U dxj> {haeU zhZU dL deU pY_U nbhd_> p_@}Y cex ()
./ \>}eU x}ZU dL bhd_> / /
. :=nU @}eU }bU dL ()
120

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

neL
U d> x}cU ncU R nd= xjU lR U|U
:Un_> US R (xjU) pedT {S hU ni}I

b T v m
m
d b X m
w e X m
*
b T g c K }h { T v
o e ` T m _< e X < mY = mX ^ g Q w f <c R Q w
f <mY X | A
{ T mX i Q m
.[ : }eL ] ... cw i = m _<


T
G |T
X | X
be
{ T mf w mw *
^g I c T ^g I e X w
G |T c T T |Q H Q K me = kQ
g T c Tm< e X j = eS

w i = @ | g A T | A
.[ : nfU]
b < vm
* e X j w a T o d @ zv c K c K me c Z Q m
e ? z a T
*
a w c w i = =i w w c w i = | ]e
w v
m
? z R R X h w
{ T
.[ : }L] T m< me < G
w T md < < { S < *
.[ : ix] ... c w i = f =i w md T d c ^ < \g

w
@
m
w T{ S
i = X d c ^ w < g
Hx] ...qw
*

.[ :

R *
h i G eg < eg <
| Q { v m
i <
| g c K \ = T mX w

.[ : gcU]

< h c S gb T Q
\ aTm
@ | g A T g
a d T m
*

w i =
.[ : }H]
f_e= (xjU) cx nghR ex neY
U px qinT

nx lR pg=nZeU nx U h xjU U }haU

121

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

U (xjU) cx ngU oHnfeU U nghR ex SU

neT pbhbU nU R ZU hU gfx kx nY f_e= nghR
hdL {>
n>
H}U U dU U xjU h U|U () pedcU nY
.hbeU n]bUn= U U nx}U U ncU U

nh= f_e= hU n \x U px R xjU Y }eU =

n_= in_eU d> hU k> nY w = px`d U nghin_Y }ha> ngUU{Y
.()h]U {[eU nh= }B

h]U UnL R f_eU {x

neU nh= w xjU chR U|=

.ai f_eU {[eU

neU nh= w hU xjU ()L _= nedT Y }x cU

cex = ad U Y }aU {_= {[eU {x
f_eU {x

}eU f_eU {x{> f_e= U n@ w xjU cx

pgU n g=nZY cx nY =nZeU U ad U neA {L
Y
{L pgU n g=nZY cx {x{> nf_Y pR}_Y {_= pS{[Y pR}_Y {L
hR
p=nbeU in_eU neA Y pLeY h= Y nf_Y {x{>
B dL neceU nx dL ng}_= nghin_Y y\ > nw{x{>
pfaU n? nhR =nZU |w `H U {e_x eY
pfaU x~U w
.= n fh_Y
}hT {A
U ng_Y dx (xjU) R pnB
px}^i nJn]U {hdU

=nZU heS dL ncA }R ilR x}aeU

Y }hQ Y

. :=nU @}eU rAnY ()

./ (}bU A Y) }ha> {_= nY / :=nU @}eU (Y) }ha> @ ()
122

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

U }B d T ncU U n> @}x ncA n \x heS dL

@}x ilR =nZU U|T .nw}h`= ngaf= nwnf_Y {>
U nx
.nw}h`= ngaf= nwnf_Y {>
U nx U }B d T ncU U
U nx U }B n> d T ncU U @}x ilR =nZU U|T
.}h`U p]H= pecY n nw}hQ U
~fU S n h_e@ @ }bdU nJn]U {hU
}R {S

@}U w xjU U ow U|U ~fU {_= @

nfx{xj= |U }bU w U UnU @dU =nU _eU @U U

.()dxj> w _eU @U cx

x}cU }bU R (xjU) Y }eU ()hcU {hU

{S
U
xn[eU dL }bU hwnaY h]> Y i R nx}Un= n fh_Y
@U B Y hZ> R =\U n> Y phdbeU
}wn^U Y f> hZ> h]> phdeL xjU chR padeU
pYn_U
=\U {LbU nYd_eU dL {e_> ceU x}U

p[S
R neT Un_> dU Y yUn[U ni nwnbdx U pnU
rxnA xj> QHx p[S
QHY Y yUn[U {_U
px`d U {LbU hibU =\U dL (xjU) phdeL {e_x
phL}ZU phU
phed_U nYd_eU phUnbeU phUnU }bU

.h?U d_U hiS Y U }hQ ph_h]U

. rAnY {[U {hgZU {bi }^i / ~heU @ ()

.{_= nY =nU @}eU hcU }Sn= {eY {hU
}bU dL ()
123

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

wiT cK

pxU neU }bU dL n bh p_H xjU dL } {x{> S x

|T c T c w i = c ^w mX
S < me X T a w c ^ T Q G
:pex}cU

K X
T T | S { w mX me < ze
lR [ : }eL ] m
x}aeU

U hH dL new{A hwn> R (G|T) pedcU g>}S R

pR]_Y
dL (G|T) pedT cR [aU hH dL neghin?

.paijY pedT inU dL c> ngdS nY dL

hdL nfH hH dL ngi pf U

w }aY
}T hdL |U

cR U dL p_hZU }T Un_> dU = }?jH neY

xjU cx

B
neY

xjU cx hdL ngdS nY dL pR]_Y (G|T) pedT

.d_U R H}U nL Un_> dU =
neU n SnR [aU }S p_hZU L _= nB {bR U Y cU

_= R g_Y adB pf U
cR nh[U
w hdL

}g^H = (~heU) R nJn]U {hU

nB {S .paijY pdeU
Un_> dU }h`U xjU dL Y fex U f cU n \x nx}U _= Y
U nY U|U nghU nZeU px pU L }^fU `=
[afY hU{=
}bU
nx}U nY
pdeU R Un_> }h`U dxj= d_U @ dL {x
}U Y ngilR R qhU w w d_U R hH}U dL pU {U

.()h]U

{hU
b> {eY

phYnY p_hZU L Y [aU }S nB {S

. / :~heU @ ()

124

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

ni}I neT }T nB nehR ()(nbeU baU ) =nT R hcU

Y gYL Y {L Y U }g^x neT ]_U U }S hU

()
ncY }ni zhZU ()dU \R {hU
QU @ {eY zhZU

Y ()}hZU
.x}BjeU

G|T v X

}bU R w}T eY
hH}U nL U hex _U
}R
nB Y nY nd= pnB oA Y[_eU w x}cU

.P {eY
fU
gd\R R g= (G|T)
eZx w H gaY hH}U U hex Y pe?
cU
nedL

|gU eT }aU w Y[_eU _i ngx}caY

n \x pY

()
U nx}U |w Y nJn]U {hU
}L U|U gaeU
}U h]U nbY R w nei R pen=
lR
gaeU {A

.H gaeU

d_U R pH {S U eY
ned_dU {bY xjU chH hdL
dL a x cex _i .phR}_eU phed_U =\dU n bR pR}_eU

R}_x |U h`U
B dL h`U dU n\> Y
oinU R U

.()nJn]U {hU
}x nY

.}h= U{i hcU b> {eY {hdU

nbeU baU ()
.phed_U nH{U rU ~T}Y S / :}nfU }Sn= {eY zhZdU nbeU }haU ()
./ :}bU A Y ()
./ :}bU }ha> R Y ()
./ :ai {[eU ()
. hcU }Sn= {eY {hdU
}bU dL @ ()
125

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

zah |K

^gfS :Un_> US R (}bU A Y) R dU \R {hU

oT
L pedcU |w xj> R ?jeU rxnA _= {S [ : x}Y]
Qn[U }a_@ nY L nehR n@ {bR qhU w pe _=

RncU ni :nf_Y ^gfS :nS U {h_H = nhaH fL nehR

feU {U
R neT nL = L {LU n[U Un_U UU ngU

nL = Y ng@ |w nT ne=
n hdL hcA nw x}T nf_Y
.()px}U p
}x{b> dL U Zx nY nhH
cx {S neT

mX mv K | Q | h
:Un_> US }ha> R dU \R {hU
oT
x|U ha_\edU ng_SY bU
R T}x
}wn^Y Y gx}i nehR

{ w hmS mX f e X md v e ?
neg]dU negU pg@eU B
ha_\eU S
Ynf> Y n`]U Rnx nehR Rnx [ : [bU]
rh= negeKn_>
d^U p]dH Y icdex nY dL n hdbY }]B cZ>
nx}U _= {S .h}H f= Y I {x dL ncH S

R neT pfh_Y
L
Y R px |g= ngZH R R qhU w pe
h]U nhH n= Y ngi }wn^U ..nwi {geU
nY pUjY

}]hH ngb_> {=
x}ceU }]hH j= A> px nLn=
nhi{U
R pxngfU j= Ax ..phgU pf H ph\bU _x neY
..ha_\eU
.()dU nadB p? icx x|U ha_\edU c> H
:h^AY nfU :dU \R {hU
dL n }_Y _U oT

./ :}bU A Y ()
. / :ai {[eU ()

126

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

pedc= {[bx _U |w nfR}L

|w :mdvz@

{S fU
pedT }ha> R nL = L dbi nY U ng@ :(nhH)
bfY ai }haU |w }T ?
ng@ ij= a {S ^gfS
nY S Y nhH ij= a f cU Qn[U nY L
i w U f_Y
pfUn= }h_U ]dx
{hTj> cex ne=
.R peU

Ln]Hn= }x ai w ij= :U
pe
nT neT }bU Ax

nfU hx
R ng@ }hQ nhHn= {x}x nT lR iAx R
{=
R g>n[Y
Y }Y |w nT lR _Y Yn_i hT }_fU nf_Y

U U|= [B
{S Un_> inH dU gR afU w nL dR
.!n \x U gU w nY afU L nR gin@
ai ng@ w nhH nT !U nfU qx fcex hT
dL }cx
YT Y nfU }> U U |A
phf= nf@}B
~x U i nehH
:US nfU
ng@ pi lR P dU H {fL neU pe

h[a> p de@ R}Y }Y R ghU

{U Y dL w w{fL nY =
U nhH oi rhA i dL hfU nf>ax |w hcA hdL
pde@ Y ai {L
}bU xj> afU oi {bR xjU = }R
ai
c w i = c ^ w mX
:gfL Un_> inH bx x|U d_U R hH}U
|T c T
qhU w nx Y [ : }eL ] c ^ T Q G

pxU g>}S R
Y U dL {>
.R g>n[Y

pe
U i |U nhH Zx nY Y }eU gai U nfi :mdfghm>
|gR Y dL n_U gaedU h]U R ng@ = {x}x gR R
.()}B n hI = {[bx i d_Y w neT nY U i y[x

. / :nhadB ()

127

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

zaeT
B }L R {i
:w ng@ Y

Y }T nY :
nhH pedc= {[bx dU \R {hU

sgfY R _U |w hS{> {L Y Ini U yh }hQ ng@

n b=nH ni}T {S pedcU |gU Une_H Y dU \R {hU

f_Y Y }T R }bU A Y }ha> R pde_Y nhH pedT

.n \x pA}[= ai {hU
= nwnf_Y {x
nhU
nw{x

L U w ai nL = }ha> U pfx}S
Y }T nY nY
pedcU a B ng@ dU \R {hU

hdL d] {S R pe
n \x yh }hQ gR R peU
{x{> dL pfx}S cZx
pfUn=

L bfedU }xn`Y nL = L bfeU }haU U f_eU

[_eU U nfH {L Y nL = L bfeU chR R pe

Y[_eU gi R pe
L bfeU U|T hU fY ng@

hdR ngU x}J L P dU H L nY gR hU dx

nY
.x}h_U h= }aU }H
|w I R ng@ Y
:m ghm>
dU \R {hU

L dbi ne= @nfH {hxj> Y }T nY y[x

}Y nhH Rpe
hAx neT }bU Ax i Y

128

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

nhH U }haU phL}ZY r= R ni}T {S }ZY

.ni nhA R }bU h_a> p^LeU {U ngdH f_x |w

nf_Y hx
R ng@ }hQ nhHn= {x}x nT :US nY

{=
HU pehdH }hQ pbx}]= }bU }={U
pd S Y Ini HU gR

.!nf_Y {x{U acx }bU A Y }ha> dL SU {x{ZU

nfU dL }cx
f_x i US y\ x U|=
~x U dU \R {hU

fx {x{H }hQ S ilR P dU H {fL neU () pe

dU \R {hU
}T nY phed_U {LbU Y

U i q
r= gR phUnU phUnbeU }bU Y YT {x}> {_= hU oi nY }cU
{=
phU
pUjY }x}> dL bx w dU \R {hU
= }ax
YT
]bi w x}ZU R ghdL pe
{Y w ng= Y }aU Y
A
(xaU) r= R n \x {f> pUjY w P fU
nR= x}ZU
|gU oi Y nT U|U .ned_U nw}ha> R dB U hin_Y
.{U
|w U pUjeU |w h> {L _U
U nhH oi rhA i dL hfU nf>ax ... :US nY :m Tm>
pde@ Y ai {L
}bU xj> afU oi {bR = xjU }R
ai
g>}S R qhU w nx Y ...d_U R hH}U
dL {>
Y U
:>U U hS }hQ gR R g>n[Y

w ned_U nw}ha> R dB pedT ngai xjU pedT

hU qhU w pf U
w RgUS ... :/ :{fU R dU \R {hU
nS ()
P
P
nT
dU H S w gUS pf H gUS U|U
dU H S w UnS nY T
P
P
nfdU Ubx U|U
dU H }x}b> w {wnI neU w}x}b> dU H _R gd_R
.P dU H Ubx nY pf U
Ub> nY gU Ubx ncU Ubx nY
129

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ned_U hR dB ] x}cU }bU R nw L }^fU `=

@}hdR xjU r= R U nfA}I {S {A f_Y fY {x}x
.nbU

neT nhH w dU \R {hU

nfw xjU lR hdL
{x}x neY

{S }bU A Y }ha> Y }B Y
R ai {hU

hU nI
.p[SnfU >}S }={>
pd bU _U |w fL aQ
nhH dL JnU xjU dJ ne=
... :dU \R {hU
nS
U ng= {ex
R d?nex nY T
pdYnI @ U hR px qU~i |U f_eU

{>
U rxnA }T |g= ..nhU nbA R beU pT}A

hd U }ebU eZU }Y }x }bU dHj= eU |w L

xjU dL {>

.()ngfU

qhU w nx :US nY
Y
]_U hH dL g>}S dL nf= R qhU w n[Y

gfL = R qhU w nx hdL ]> neY

ilR n[>

U dL f= {S paijY ..H}U pde@ [aU }S

b> {eY {hU
hU ni}I neT (~heU) }ha> R nJn]U {hU

.nbeU baU =nT R hcU

{x{L }R dL ]fx H gaY (G|T) gaY nfU h>

=

cex nY pe?
nT
nT .}R |w Y eT }aU R pe

Y oh`U Un_= >}x nY gR R pe = x

phdbeU

./ :}bU A Y ()

130

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

.nbU @}hdR =nU rU R rx{U ne> nf {S

}Y
neT (JnU) dL SU phincYl= }
ai _U |w dL
.xjU }R R U {_x nedR fL nfdbi nf {S
{x
nf_Y lR U|U {A f_Y hU nfdS neT xjU Y |w
\R {hU
{x
{S }aeU
neU n bR rx{U nhH e

{A
.hU ni}I }Y
neT dU

|A |K

}T nY{fL dU \R {hU
{S
dL }B n }L _U |w H

ng\_= in_eU nbU B Y f_edU nhH phdeL ex xjU

nfU nY nw}hx U nxn\bU R }bU ngR{gx U {w R
.()..ghU nghAx {x}x U hwnaeU

phdeL }Y
nY ed_x |U xjU hdR ... :_U |w ocR

.R w}h_> {A dL dL Y dL w = f_edU nhH

:_U |w }T|x nY dL }x

p?? ai w }T {S nU ] L Rn`x a`x i

.xjU Y }eU w nY }_x

hdL ncR xjdU n_Y

}T nY R xjU ] n[i L{x

cex
hR pAnZY ]
_R {_Y
{S
] neT .

.n_Y
}ZL Y }bx nY U _U d
./ :}bU A Y ()
131

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

xjU Y dU \R {hU
nL Y nfw [beU U ni}I {S
U ~U Y nbin= U }U h]U f_e= nhH w
.dU \R {hU
L nfdbi neT f_eU U neU Y d cU
nhH phdeL }Y

nY ed_x |U xjU hdR :US nY
nT Y ilR .R w}h_> {A
dL dL Y dL w = f_edU
.= d_U {A {x
U yh gR oh`U Un_= [ x nY = f_x

x
cex nY = f_x = oh`U Un_= [ x nY = f_x nT
Y n hL n ega>
x}cU }bU R hS{U B Y hU
dhU{Y ga>

Y cx |{fL
ilR phL}ZU phR}_U phed_U =\U n> B
R y nfY{S neT x}cU }bU U R pe

n[Y
Qpe nT n \_= \_= }ax cex ng= bY

dhU{Y

dL pU
}bU ({L) wnLn= Un_> dU }Y gax Y \R w

.ed _Y w nfU

neY
|{fL }bx ilR inU neA dL ni}T nY }Y nT
yh[U) =nT R }T ai w = fL {_x dU \R {hU
}T
nS xjU x}_> R (^L fU
|U xjU nY
}hH Y
:

R H}U dU
ed_x
oA R qhU w w x|U d _U
hU gR nx}U i
nghU }hZx U in_eU Y}eU L ZcU

xnbY {_= phhT}U >nhw >}aY R nh[B Y U ne= ad U

d ceU {w nY Y f_eU U ni {Y p^AY }h`=
.()..ai

./ :^L fU
}hH Y yh[U ()
132

|aT cK Q mXzaX
:
Z`T

nhgU naU R }S phdeL (xjU) Y _x i ax

p^AY Y }B nhgU naU Y nw}h`= ngxnbY {_= phhT}U
Y {=
R bhU }B }Y
_x f cU .ai d ceU {w nY
ax !f_eU S dL }_dU
d_U R hH}U U @}U

.!=}]

133

hmT Z`T

oX mK xXX mgh X

135

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

XG |b`T Q mgh }S|X

f? phYnY }{U nB YH }caU R nhi ~T}Y cx U
dL gx dL Y pf U
w nedL Un> {bR g= n b px}ZL
fU
S ge[_U } nei pUnH}U hdU R ge[L
{Y
.pUnH}U

{ fY h= {b>
nY dL {~U {bU R adB {bR U Y
nw{ ceeU Y U }h`[U gH {eL }hcU ph[_eU
gfL {[x nY {eL }h` }hT ph[_eU { fY h= fL
.()ngfL ggx~f> ~dx ge[L Rnfx ilR gH ngfY

ngilR phYnY }^fU pg@ Y YH

}caU R nhi ~T}Y nY

ge^L = g>nhUkY w nhi S Y n Yni }T

.gH{S

pe[L R n [dY
i n= R deU pY_U oT
@}x hbx}aU nedL h= nU |w R SU B dL :nhi
hdU R bx nY :nghin? {nb_U n= R bx nY :nw{A :p_= nS U
.R w}hH gUn_R R :neg_= nhaU ncA R bx nY :ngUn?
. }h= n_U :d\aU ngU {L zhZU cU dL pB ()
137

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

negfL ge[L dL pY
q_e@ {bR nbL R \U }acU nY

oi|U ghdL @
U Y pS }hQ nw{_= fU
S

gi gfL cx = ghdL }acU ~x> gY~dR }aT w{fL oi T

:inU fU nY
.>i
{_= }acx i dL n hi
dU r_x x :UnS

}ZU deU n= he@ = pY

qba> {bR hdUn= d _x nY w
{eL hdUn= d _x nehR x}U |cU L ge[L @ dL
gH
nhfU hH dL U Y nT nY @
ilR }c= = nbU
i dL _e@jR nhaUn= d _x nY w rUnU fU nY
nd U ndR

gH {eL hR wj]B x
=}U fU nY
pYn_U
Y pdhdS pY}I

:S peB dL adB {bR gUn_R R bx |U w

}h` oi|U gfL {[x i w phYnY nf=n ow|Y :

dU Y ngHU xjU R j]U n inhi {eL }hT

hR Unx U inH
{hUU = U = {eY hI {[U

n]hZU Y cx |U gU ngH @
negilR dU negeA
.R x}wn]U pe
R bU |T

}n`[U ghdL x }ncU ghdL x i :hmT

}n`[U
pebU pA pS}T }a feU phU
ni{U U dLnR ofx nY T

.pU~_eU }T S |w p_\U

cU {e_U pg@ dL }hT }h`[= >jx x i :qTmT

.nU dL = S w gU xjU pg@ dL x

oi|U gfY bx i :<|T

gf cU j]B gU pg@ dL
138

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

gR}_Y bU
geY L n LY nT gH gfY bx ne= BjY

hdL {bx nY dL aU
Y {bx gi gd }T g> dL

.neg_> Y } ZY = }a_@ n^fU S w w}hQ

w j]U gH {eL }n`[U }ncU ghdL x i :~XmT

qS R adB ?
Y rx{U n Y }hT pxZU S
pYn_U
:S p?? dL pe[_U

w Un_> inH dU bdx U g> qS Y i :

.phYnY nf=n ow|Y

fU
S }hcU }acU ghdL x gQd= hA Y i :hmT

.pU~_eU Y }hT ow|Y w

w gfL ph[_eU { hR dS nY
fU
qS i :qTmT

dL = x|w = nS = }U }aU gfY }LnI }T S

.pU~_eU Y nU

nhi x~f> Y nf=n nB nehR {e_U dLnR |w qR}L

Y R pe
nfe

S nw{_= fU
S p[bfY ni oi T
dU nf=n ne@l= n _]S nfU d_eU U|= ghdL dU H
nx}\U hS Y U n A }Rn^eU [fUn= {hxj> Y ghdL

()
~=
bU dU \R {hU

{T {S .gi phYnY ow|Y R

bU = .fU
|U fU dL pe[_U
f_Y Y fx nfd[R

. / :i n= ()

139

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

.()nw fU
gR {_= Zx =

ph[ZU {bL nijR :phUncI |w dL U @ R :nS

}B ng>nhA kI R pY[_Y }hQ hdUn= pY[_Y c> j= ~>

Y he@ R hY w hY Y he@ R n[U w n[UnR

R n Y[_Y hU pUnH}U hd> R n Y[_Y nY cx gR nijR

ngfxc> eL Y d]f> {A pY[_eU ph[ZUnR }B Y

R eU
}>
T
pR}_eU i pS}I h_> U w

R ngh[I

fU U ned^U Y nfU }x nY U fU B Y
i U dU nedK Y }caU fU U px}caU ned^U Y
i {[Y dU d_@ U|U }U i U }U nedK Y dU
.()^U Y I hR cx cex rh=

fdU
{_H }^fU |w Y n Yni
nhfU [A dU \R {hU
U phZYngU Y Y pxnhL nhU } R U nT n bd]Y
U fU
dL }af>
}h_> {A
U > \>}eU {hU

Y _fe> ph> pcdY L c> {=

hdU R nhfU Y e[L
[afx nY{fL fL oh`> R nhIU n hL i{@ _> rh= nhfU

pd[ eU nxn\bU w neT p~dU pd=nS }hQ pUjeU _x neY

..ngfL
.()..phafU ncdeUn=
d]Y b= nhi pe[L dL phYnY pH{eU L na> cU

. }h= eU / :{fU ()
.nf
}baU R _]Y j]B .=nU @}eU / :{fU ()
./ :}bU A Y ()
140

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

>}Y nhd_U >n@ necU Y `d= gi gfL gU nhfU ai

..phdh[aU nU _= R B Y fex U [bU

T ned_U q=n> {bR

_= hR }x |U qSU aR n> R
nhiU
A> {S pSnR pYL px =Z> n hH{S n YnbY R pe

n eh^L n YnbY }x Y phYnY L Y n \_= pe?

lR pg@ px Y bfUn=
{S .{dU
n> nei p`UnY nei cU R pe
nhiU }hT

H mX TR >
ow^T me< m= :R gfL n>
c_T
Smw
.()gTm_T X |< hkQ mZeT c_S
_c= T

phwU nfH }wn^Y Y }g^Y w ne= d`U

x {bR n> |gU n bR
nehR {U
n> R d`U
o@x nY pe?
nhiU

hU R pe

ni qadi ox cU ..U nY}cU ~@n_eU R nT U

/px}caU nwn> Y
Y Yni {Y {i {x{@ n> U
h]d> hR >
[x w px{nb_U

i dL nT ph==}Un= pe
.()n_U

{hL gU nfU Y ghU oi nY R pe

hR afx qS R
R pe p_hI dL }cx Y pe? lR .()pLn]U R {hL w nei

Y d> nx}U |w Y U ni qadi . / :i n= @ ()

.YjR
pU {fH pZSnfeU
n nY{fL {L n }[_U nY i .. :nS x}n_eU {A ph na]bY @ ()
Un_> dUn= h==
qbb> }wU |w dY eR ph==}U nggfT }w@ px_UnR n =
n {L

.qxcU ngwn> }B nhIU pfUn= bHn=

v mX :nS nfU cfL hcx I nY dU H = nx Qn}dU qdS :nS :}gU L ()
ng_T TmP mdT |ImQ fc T :nbR {hL cU nfU L{>
ci Ubx :qdS
R
i n= ..R mR
m< X z@ p^dG R T R T hi< zvmH ph
mfYT
.
141

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

nL |w Y L }a`x = gU (odcU) =
gx{x}Y
.()!na`H o@x neY
(gdT) i L

phYnY
pH{eU eL R |@ }\x x{S }B n> pe?
cU

necU nHl= d`U

b> }x eY
ngBhI S

pH{Y {x{>
nhiU d]eU
ax :bhd_> R inggU {hAU nS .R pe

nbL gU qinT }n\`U = hhebU

nehH
nY{bU Y }hT
ngfL {_U
x wng@ o= R pe
R pnB

L gU ai Y d_@ gi A n Lna> dQ
ex

:{_U
bi ghU hR deU xaU d_@ ne=
= dQ
P fU

nifce= gedL }T gU@ R }Q gfL n_U B

.()...pegdU n ?Y n Lna> neU
pH{eU L Y nY{bU Y }hT hhebU
nA nU |w qhU
Y n hI hhebU
dL A {haeU lR w}hQ = phYnY
R pe nhiU phwU pi hU i d`U R }x }h[bU

= oA
.{U
n> nY T

hfYkeU }hY i x|U w Hn= x}wn^eU Y `U :nS

x{U
phwU U x
R \aU Y wa fU
Y pe

w {[bU L @}B {U
hR n> nY U nhi{U

.()...na T

. ph na]bY ()
nhA qhU w pHkY
}Zi w / :}nU dL = nbeU gfY ()
. i n= }^i S /}U
. :i n= ()
142

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

R deU pY_U neY

nx}U _= Y U }g^x =
nx}U _= R neT hhebU
pH{Y dL =nH ni}T nY n=
pH{eU ngbR }= {A nfU {A w hL =
:hd_dU deU pY_U }]nR phYnY
rxnA }cfx nT _U
.()...dbL ngdex gdn\R Y
{bR }Y Y cx negY
neU _= R n> |w yI}>
= nhi R }h]U {U S R n Hj= _U {x dR phdh[aU

.n \x pHHU

aR
:h dQ h

mfeX |^w T > :nS Qn[U L }eU

:{[U zhZU }R
zT |g\T
.cT Q oGGT Q |b`T
{x {U gfY gYS }h]>
f_e= nhi Y }h]U j=

{x gi
wj= R wd= gR dU R pHHU R }caU
.pHHU

nh= nbY R ngi px}U }wnK B nT {[U zhZU }ha>

()
nhi U R ne= phini }w^U |w Y dU Y {A dB
{L
deU pY_U f cU }ha> H deU pY_U lR
}hQ RncU R }eU
Y fx i {[U }ha> dL A

.RncU
}hQ RncU R cU h@ h@> }T nY :deU pY_U nS
cx cex .{U }g^x YkeU cU
:w fL =j> pe>
hR

. :i n= ()
.S / neL a][Y zhZdU nH}U }I ()
143

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

hU ngK {L Y fY hdbU :nbx p]`U Y L

{Un= }eU
_ex }x ne= afU n_ai ZUn= kZU
w :}h]U ph[_e=

neY

}caUn=
}eU nhi dL U x i dL hU = jZx

dU R pHHU R
nHU Y ni ai R [x nehR }caU

pecU R }caU
n_U neL dB ngbdB phahT nhI UnB R
[A afU R }bH }hQ Y Un_U R }ZU _= dB R

R }caUn=
nSdeU dUn= }eU cx ex ng= I
nHU
T {xkx
Y
gUA ha> g=h_= afU rx{A }caU
|w }R _= nceU = R >jhH neT nB _= hg@U
.()R gU ng}L {_x hg@U dL n \x }hB

nU |w Y ai dL hU{U {L R }wnK deU zhZU nL

U = .gH{b= ex
_\Un= Ax {S i Y R nhi L
neY
= nhiU n]hZU pHH= bU R pn\Q px \>}eU {hU
{x
U HeU dL oh_= hU hdcU R nx n]hZU pHH
... :Un_> US }R {S .[U L U U ~x U
Q m\ g YT
a T

:nS ?
}JnU hH dL >}cR R Un= [ : sU] g eX
n_U nei bi fU
...
dL U R nL R nT x}Y
.()hU L{x nY x n]hZU h]x Y dL bfU
neY
neY
nghU nZeU px}U }ha> R SeU B hx

{b>
x~f> ph`= }wn^U B dL w neY
{[U zhZU }ha> h= ni}T

. :i n= ()
. w S inU \>}eU x}ZdU pYnY R RnZU ()
144

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

zhZU }ha> h= xjU i dL nT {A

[S U nhi
x}ZU }ha> U|T R ghR n [bi }_x U neY
deU
.nghU nZeU px }ha> R _Y bdx |U \>}eU

pUnY R ned_U SH neY

{hAU w }wn^U |w c> U
.pYnY fU
Se= }\x
ne= pe[_U n bR ngehhbU gR
.gHai R LS nhi {U U }J hR rU S neY

h me h me < m R :QHY p[S

m
R x}cU }bU R {S
R :Un_> inH US [ : J] _\ w me g c K | ` w
mf a T m
R * ^ = o g @ v kQ mvm
mv zg^ e G = mv { A m
a T i Q * G
X mw
mf =|gG
R :Un_> inH US [ :J] T
a T < m

Q ~
? iQ * ^ = mf h v| G X g T g w f g Z K f T m @ kQ
nU dL Un_> inH US .[ :J] G
X o ` gA ` h
:L HeU oh_I
a T X h =
:[bU] g
d Tm]T
me c G m
? z a T
:Qhw}= p[S
R Un_> inH US .[
e@ ^ < m? q T md Q

R m X
G m
G T mR | Y T m< g
* {g
v| <

= f w z w md c Q
mh = T mR o ` gA f e X ~
? v | bh g T Z

T R T me c G
.[ : w]

gHai R LS R nhi U U pi R }wnK }bU

.x}cU gYnbY ex
pe[_U }\x
ne=

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Y > R pUnH}U phA Y cdex nehR AU bdx |U ni

d> ..SB R p_hR}U phYnU nghSB

Y dbL R px}caU ngSnR

ph[I R p\YnQ pbheL }H L }_>

gR ..pUnH}U ph[B w
h= oHnfU L }_>
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= H}U
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w cU A}U de_U }caU ngie\Y cU
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L U
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h me h me < m R :Un_> US dL n bhd_> *

me g c K | ` w m
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fex @
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>S
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.()..pUnH}U R T}A

R A fU
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`=
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dL U fU
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Y Rnfx neY
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}x
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U R }ZU _\U }h?j> q> Zh_x gR pxnL {b= }ZU

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bU
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..ph[ZdU ph>|U n[U w nehR gh[I
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Y dL dH Y }T \U }>
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U Y px}ZU kZU gbd> {=

ncR }ZU Y inT neU
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U U nh[B na Y pa j=
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.[x
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}ZU nhU L px}Q nhU n bR x
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Y }T R ni R }ZU _\U Se= bd> fU
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nY R penQ pH{bY
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Y dB{U e_U L Zcx |U }wn^U {_U B Y ph[ZU

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fU

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ni w rhA Y niU ph_h]U SeU L n_= o@x
x
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.hhgU ]d U {x{U K

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bx
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163

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T
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.UnH}U

h e ` g T m S
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bx
{ = | g P me g c K | ` T g T me g @ { T K
gc A
T *
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e >
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m g T ^ m
S z a T m
d d T ^
bx [ : }H] |gZ h me g c K T z = > m
e > T
Y {=
m
pedT R pad U |w R :dU \R {hU

n _nB P {eY
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g>nA}J Y }bx neY
dbx U nY hU ofhR dU dL }ahU }ZU

{bU > R dex Y UnH R hi

dU r_x b_x w

_= L nfU }^U qinT negY nghdL } R nU dL

hU }bx |U dU
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.L{U oAn {U ngi> {bR {S qinT gx{U nghL}I

pUnH}U

R dU ngL U phA}U bU
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n nJ n @L c> dR }caU n? }U pLnfY pe[_U pcdY Y

n =n? }[fL qinT = hU pg@eU

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h
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. =nU {[eU }bU R {eY

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164

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P fdU gU qhdU dU \R {hU fL A}I {[=

= {
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ni}T neY
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n]L {x}x }bU

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fU

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pe[_U Unx nY R bx {S
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{S x{U {hax H}U L n Ln]i ]_x }bU := {[bx nT

}L n\A Y }bU }T|x nY L ohx hcR ..}ZU {S a>
f[x nY nhi {A n> Y nT = n hi
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= {[bx nT U U nY }_eU }H U ]= R
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165

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nf Y \bx ph_SU ph_h]U nhi SY [>

nY T
|ci

Y
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gc^T

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{S fU

}ZU _\U SY R bdx neY

pe[_U Unx nY R bx
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.phini pd U }ZU =n]U

neY
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. :nhadB
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166

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{e_>
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Y }R
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phini }wn^eU Y L Y }hQ dU \R {hU

ph_h]U

}T ne=

..nfR Y }Y @ U B Y

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pUngU :neghin? pH{beU

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.p
pen`U phH{bU pUngU afx }bU :w dU \R {hU
= nS |U

nhi [x
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~@ gi pceU f@ Y gi >ex Rnx dTjx

Y
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fx U U|U

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nf Y \bx ph_SU ph_h]U nhi SY [>

nY T
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167

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ai cx nY pen`U pH{beU
pUngU Y [beU :US nY

nY dU \R {hU
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hcR }ZU {S a> U pxfU

}ax
hcR gai R nhi ~heU
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n hai cx nY
i dB Y }>eU nx}U Y nY L dU \R {hU
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nghU nZeU }badU }S Y {b>

}haU
nY dL fY w _eU

U dU \R {hU
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nY pen`U
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hT US nY
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nY dU \R {hU
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nei gd_x h\adU acx neY

U ph>|U na[U
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w~he>
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168

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

... px}caU phA}U {bU pe[_Un= ~hex

gi f_x w
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Y dx U gR U|T nT lR
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neU }Y
inT gi U S hSdY inT gi f_x gR
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w cU
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U|= gR}I
Y nY ngi dU }BjR ngfL jH nw}R
x

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= ge^L

J = nS nei UnL = x{x [Y

{b_x U
L {h_=

nhI in_e= gU }[= x|U p_hZU Y pxZU ngU

`U Y
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nY

pddH }h= @ :{haeU zhZdU px}c_U neU ()

.{haeU naU kY
169

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mgh mgh
= hdUn= [ x nY R nhi dL nhfU J {L R ncI
g>nh= [ x ne= nhfU J R cU nei .n \x }hafU o@x ne=
pUnH}Un= [ x neY
U }hQ g=}ZY gdTjY R neT pxn_U
.fU
R neT nY R n@ rU }hafU o@x

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nS
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pg
h md < h{ A
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170

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:R feY nhfU
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. :}bU A Y ()
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171

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172

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gc^T

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= n@ dU \R {hU
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173

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dU \R {hU
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_i
yh }I R nU yR) {[Y U nI neT }h`U i L{x

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x
U (..yh[U) =nT R _U |w d_eU Y

cex :US }wnK neT nf > i (nU yR) Y dbi nY dL a>

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i pnB
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.neU

=nT R _U |w Y }g^x |UnR inU ncI U pfUn= nY

>}S _x
i nY nhadB
i dU \R {hU
T R Yjx

U
R = YT }wnK w neT f x |U w dU \R {hU

pcdY L n Ini nhfU {L cx }cR }hQ }ha> Y {L

Y
nhfU {L cx _U dex neT ex i }Y pxnQ ph>
}hQ pUnH}Un= [ x nY hdU R gU }h={> gU Y n Ini
.}B ph>nhU Y Y
174

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

w w dU \R {hU nf x neR hdL

neU nL nT

Y inY :}x w _U |w S Y neA hH dL }T

bL feeU nei phL}ZU ncA R A gU S
w n L}I
ni}I {S fL j]U cU nfU |B gU |w dL fU
dU }S
.nU yR nT L dbi nY{fL }x U hdL a x U _U |w

175

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

mgh cK
n YeL hY[_eU nhi dL } n hYH q=nU Y
R \R dL w fU
cx i dL ng= [ x nY gUnH}=
YS
.{bU ngU cx ]=

nhi dL }\Un= ox gR }{U |w nB R cU cU

R dL w [_eU cx i dL gUnH}= [ x nY }h`= pe

.I T

R }bU nY
[ x nehR \R dL iT Y }T dL {x
ne=
R U }hQ nY UnH}=
|w Y {L dL }bU {x
= .hdL {x
c> {S ._x}I }hQ R dL cx fU
R }Zx R }\U
hU }\U Y QHY fU
.U dL

p[S

dU Y d Y d\R dbL neT Y QHY :{[U nS

A Q}\U n_R f_Y U{H JnfHn= {x U }T Un_>
dxj= }B A {wnZx nT nY he@ H hR }Y @ hdL I
.()...}eL }caU R b= U T neU dxj= }x U U }R

d_x i R }wnK dU eA YT
{be= hU I T

. :i n= ()
176

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

._U ncI dL @ hR ned T edL

n> phUncI
dL n =@ (px}c_U neU) R {haeU zhZU nS

> QHY nT U ... :nS nehR nbR }\U QHY fU

>naH _x U i >i
R n AnS n \x U cx U _= {_= }\U
U YncA Jn= }_hU _> nei _x}I dL fY
edL {bR
x
]hx R nhi }I Y hU .inx dL R UnecU ng=
c=
Jn= dL abx dL
\R P {eY
nfhi
nT {S .}wnK T
U|U n }_Y

fU d_= n ]hY cx U hdH}eU dL hhfU

n_x
U x~fU f=
n hY nT .U `fx }_ZU S fY > jx
hU }@jH pfx{eU neU nf[U pR}_Y
nT x}]U fH dL
U nY ngfY hdL ax nB L jx
nfU Y n hU = jx
Y J= }_hU >i
{_= }\U QHY x }cfx hcR
.()...ed_= inH dU neY
ed_x nT neY

fU
cU
}hH R yh[U =nT nhadB =nT R _U {H
edL I T
R [_eU phedL } dL ^L
I c=
= ngd T }ZU n`d= fU
dL dL qU U n? _= }eUn=
p_h]U hYi pbdU }H dL RS n \x hU n`U
.() oh`U d_x [_eU
nU dL p_]bY nL dL _U |w ()cZH U|U

. :=nU @}eU px}c_U neU ()

= (yh[U) =nT :nhadB @ ()
. }h= ngU
. :nhadB ()
177

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

dL fU cx @ nY
R pY
T
:nghR nS dU \R {hU

nY U Y ed _x {S dU cU
phUnH}U ege=
U pSL nY A I

.|w dL hU nfx{U hdR dL hR @nx

:nghR nS dU \R {hdU
}B nL dL _U |w cZH neT

Y oh`U d_x fU
f_x ij= {b_x x}hcU neT ...
()
\R {hU
:_U |w ocR ..{A
{[bx =}`H nY

j= bdU \R L }_eU
{A = oh`U d_x fU
dU

( ) R ax }`U {A = pedT S i Ax

|w oH }h[U {SnfU dL ax {A = pedT YnS Ax

L U nx}U @}x Y ilR ox}Q fY ohL gR nS

fdL }Y |g= A}

x|U w gi {x R qhU w pe
.()..gfL gfY BjY gR LnI

gc^T

{hU
}L nY
paUnY {Y w nY {i ox}Q gR

|w x R dU \R {hU
hR a x qS R ow|eU dU \R

|w dbi nY .}T|fH neT pan]U hJnH ow|eU L Y {L Y

kH dL @ Y }bR L nL w dU \R {hU
nL Y _U

.ai _U |w hU nI neT ({fU) nT R }Zi

dL w cx nY nY fU
:n hR}A neT kU

. / :}bU A Y ()
. :nhadB ()

178

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

dL i }hQ o[feU |w x
Y nfgR dL cx U lR cx

Y dL cx ox U dL nfR dL w nT fY \R
|w Un_> dU Y ]d= n _J U .hbAU hb=nU dL =
x{U cx UnUn= naZceU d_U }B n LY cx f_x
.U cx hcR oh`U dL

pUnH}Un= edL dL n eUnL [_eU nT nY pR}_Y {[= nUnR

=n@jR ..oh`U pUnH}Un= [ x neY
d_Un= ng= [ x nY p_x}ZU
H dUnR }bU U nfH d ci i :n hR}A dx ne= dU \R {hU

X w
w
{e
| Y X g
c G | d T G | h mX
x|fY x} ZY nhi
e c G mX
mw [ : nS}aU] |w{ h |Y X m
[ : n_i]
* |w{ h |Y X zvm
H m
e c G mh e T mf w
m ?| G h k< c T T m gK

oh`U Y nhU d_x hi

d_x dU [ : ~A] |geX
neT d T oh`U ed_x }\U Y hU >i
R i@nx nY
dL |U
dL fU
bx
d_x }\U Y hdR \>}eU {hU
@ nY gUnH}= pd qhU ngi nx~haU dL nhehcU
dL fU cx
R pY
cU
phUnH}U ege=
U pSL nY I T

dL hU nfx{U hdR dL hR @nx nY U Y ed_x {S dU

.()|w
ph\S :pd=nbeU pa[U R ai {[eU R dU \R {hU
nS
U nei {bU Y oh`U dL Y nhU R nhi dU ogx nY
_@ nY{fL dU lR U|U pYnY R fU
R w p@nA B Y

. :{fU ()

179

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

_= dL S x {U |w nT nfU px{gU nhU R w gU

ilR phh`U pxf_eU {bU
pxnL }hQ pbx}]= U Y gfcY
qhU Y |w
.(){U p_hJ B Y d]f> ngf cU phax}Z>

d_U w R pe
nhiU dU \R {hU
nY c=

? neR hdL
[ x nY }hQ R ghedL
}\U Y cx ai w{= [ x

.gUnH w{=

hdL neL
nfw
dU \R {hU
p=@ {_> w :ni nfU x
zhZU {haeU zhZU \>}eU {hU
nY Y ow|eU hJnH
R dL = n eUnL [_eU cx } }x w ...H]U
cx }x w :}B n_= p_x}ZU pUnH}Un= [ x nY }hQ
dL = nRnZT }U nLnf[Un= dL n eUnL [_eU
...d T oh`U
}U nf[Un= hY[_eU pR}_Y }x gR {haeU zhZU nY
c= U ~U }x n x} nwi nRnZT n`d U
U nB n> SY }^i U = .n _feY cx U b_U
=nT R _U nghU {fH U U|= gR}_Y ~U R
nhadB

{haeU zhZU oi = {haeU zhZU ng= ]bx dR yh[U =nT

hY[_eU pR}_Y @= bU
paeU q=i f= U U c=
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ed_x gij= bU J }R oh`U gedL R x U|T

. :ai =nU {[eU ()

. {haeU {haeU pddH :nbeU ()
180

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

.naU h=
}cfY Jn= S oh`U

nf[U he= R pe
nY {haeU zhZU nS
pR}_Y R bU :[i
b_U pg@ Y o@ gfY U fex hU i :S .n`d U }nH
{S P {eY
nB n@ {S nhbU
pe
j= bx{[> ox eL

U nU dL ngg@ Y = ]bU o@ q? lR U ed_x inT

Y pLne@ |w US dL .[dU ReU dU }^i ngfY = ]bU R
bL U @ dU geA q=i f= hR UnB {S phYnY

.()`U }nH pRnT paeU hR gbR n HnhS

rU d]Y px}c_U dnY L nfdbi hR pUjeU R x ni}T {S

.@}hdR

J nfncU }ne\Un= R pe
dL R {haeU zhZU nS
:S :na[U R gU U T oh`U d_= ghdL bU
pe

cx nY R}_x n_U _= }ne R}_x inT {S P {eY

Y

nei gYnY R n J}I g>na R o@= U hU iT S

gYnYl= eU
gLnJ R ]d U nx edL Un_> dU gY}T

bL o@= U hU
J nYjR
neU pg@ Y gU o@ f cU

U naU h = }cfY gR oh`U ed_x gij= ghdL bU

cx |w naY d_= af= nhI dL Y bx nei U|=
pYnY w pLne@ |w US dL @

Y

Y gfL |I
~L
dU
L n =@ {haeU zhZU nS .()`U Y ghU ei Y paeU

. {haeU {haeU naU kY pddH :nbeU ()

.ai {[eU ()
181

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

:{haeU zhZU nS ..p_hZU ne@l= cx nY d_x nY hR kH

dL }Y nfLne@l= cx nY d_x nY :US L ..U

gLne@ nei bU |w dL S p_hZU q_e@ nY .nS nY B
R cU d_x nY dL q=n?
n eUnL cx cx nY T
d_x fei nfU ..~hheU h[aU dL cx {x nY nhLj=

ij= bU nYjR
.U U Un_> dU Ll= c> U nhL nY
d_x
pA
}hQ Y hR L{U dnS [i bd]i nfdR cx nY T

.()nh=

Y >nZSnfY R {haeU hI px}^i {hTj> R \>}eU x}ZU nS

d_U Y nY f_x U o@x dU n_Y ... :U~_eU nU

{L
hU nY @x x h\b> nY

phL}ZU ncA Y hU {fH

.()|w L nB oh`U dL

dL @ Y U~_eU ew>
nY n x} \>}eU x}ZU ai {S

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H]U zhZU nS
:hS lR :Ub= pUnbeU px}^fU |w {TkY
o@x p_x}ZU ncA he= n eUnL nY T nx R e>}L nY
geU nLnf[U he= n eUnL cx chdL
nadeU h S
nxnfU
U dL ~dx hU R}U hR bx neY
U T
}n= n eUnL cx n \x ox .H}U Y \R nY cx
. :=nU @}eU px}c_U neU ()
. :=nU @}eU pYnY R RnZU ()
. :ai {[eU ()
182

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

.d_Y n Yd_Y d_x j= n[B j= nYd_eU

U T

.B = {HnR

n eUnL nY T nx R nfU{H }x U Y kH |w :U hS

n eTnA
nghR n h nT rhA Y U|T iT nf@ nfi x {U he=

cx o@i U ngYnL
R gd T nf U dL n Y {bY ng_he@ R
.hR {be=
w hU ne= phL}ZU ncAn= U d_> ne= n eUnL

.ni}T ne= U d_> neY

kU fe\>
nY he@

pg@ dL hR @U hi
nfi }hQ kU |w bx {bU |w
:h[aU

ngfY I R n h nY hdR geU nLnf[Un= d_U nY

oA ng= n eUnL cx o@U nf[U R n h nT U .nghR n Y{bY

.hR nY w nehR nfdS nY

nY U nghR R}U }@neU Y nf[U n= Y bx nY nYjR

S Y {fL y[x
neR }U w U U R @}x nY hdcR
Y Un_> dU pg@ Y cU Y = UnL w ne= hR cA }U w
R n> lR gU{L S U @ nf[U n= S qadB
qbd _> }R U nT nI gUS j=
|B R }hY
nT pU{_U
.= pd[eU

nadeU hS R bU U|T
Y nf=n R nxnfU

U R .Un_> dU Y fUn=
nxnfU d_x i :nS

.
w {e_i |U nB
183

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

p_x}ZU ncAj= nhI |gU d_> i Y :nfdS neL

Zcx |U
he= n eUnL nT Y nY :bx ow|eU |w R nfaUnB Y
neR .\R nT nf[Un= n eUnL nT Y i :Ubx \R nT x {U
.o@ U iT R i bi \R iT R w Ubx

Y n fceY
cx {=
nY :nfaUnB Y h= B R n \x

geU nf[Un= d_U Y n fceY

iT U R }_x = d _U
.}T ne= x {U n= R }_Y i d T U|= d_R

~dx hcR !x}]R H}U Y dL nY cx gY~U nY

ncA Y Z= n eUnL cx nY U
|B H}U pg@ Y
.g@ Y U
R oh`Un= nYd_eU }n= n eUnL cx ox i :gUS nYjR

x {U n= U d_> U he@ d_eU Y i]= R pgI

I hR TnA nY nY ~dx hcR U Y I R TnA nY
.()n eTnA hR n YnY w hU

w .. (~heU R p_hZU) =nT R phf`Y @ {eY

zhZU nS
ed_x ge
w ?
p_hZU {b_x
n`d U nLnf[U A I T
gRn_Y nfU }nH d_T p_hZU {hbL R gRn_Y pe
dL
I nY ngU A w
}T phYnY _= S A S nghR qd pUjY }L qU
.px}^fU TnZeU phh`U neU Y ngi Y pUjeU |w Y

}h= d_U }= hA {hU

hb> :H]U zhZdU RnZU hd> ()
.
184

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

]U Y panJ {hbL L rx{U =nH [R

R ni}T
n Y~dY n Sn cx
ned_U pe
S dL {eL

S dL rU |w R ni{eL U|U n bA ngid ex x|U hHkeU

}h[i p@U \>}eU {haeUnT ncU hZU ngJ pe

pinY ghU Y H]U x{U

.n ed L

n_Y :}Un= [i
nY () RnZU R \>}eU x}ZU nS
d_U Y nYU o@i dU
Y hU {fH x h\b> nY
:() R nS .|w L nB oh`U dL phL}ZU ncA
neY
U U nY nLnf[U geU }Un= nY d_x ox
d_x ox nY ng=n= U nghR @}x |w .p_x}ZUn= U d _>

U i ngR}_Y R }hQ U nx ng= ed_= bx

ncA
.nw|haf> ngYnS

T|eU ncU Y ]eU RnZU hd> R H]U nS

ox hR cU ~dx ne= n eUnL nY cx ox :()

.nghR hU @}x [>

U kZUnT }^f= d _x ne= n eUnL cx
}Z= dU {hL Y {L nY j= phYnY p_hZU S Y n Yne> a x |w
ngilR nhi{U
x{dU
pYn_U
Hn nY .n hi
n cdY hU >na _hJ R
.pYn_U
kZU pHnhH p_x}ZU ncAj= d_U Y }T L{>

oh`U ed_x ge
j= bU phYnY p_hZU U ofx hT
pe
S T
hi
L pxncA Un_> US dx dU nc= fYkx w
R :US [ : }L] | g T X | b G n g _T c K
185

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

m

.[ : efU] c T n g _T
d T
Q X c ^ w

px :w] H }ha> {fL nhU eY R H}]U zhZU nS

[

m

Y phYnY p_hZU dK {bU :
d T
n g P c T
j= bU ghU oi
nH gfY {A d_i oh`U ed_x pe

.dU Y {A oh`U d_= U

nB Y n_U nU fL QhfYkeU }hY L bi nY nYjR

U si~U oAn U nex Y nw}hQ AeU o]B R nn`Un=

{gU pe
w = }B neY
U U nY }Y f= Y pY nbdH nY
hdL dU _dJ neY
P fU
L nbdY ngilR nB |w nY {U Y
giT {b_x i U gZeU nB |w gfL }x Y pfU f_Y R
|w w oh`U heUnL
h\>}x }hac> = gU hd\> yhS oH

.}h[eU hU TnU
w dU }hB ow|eUn= w Y
U oh`U dL ofx S }B @ }R
o@ pe

}bU B nfhdL db> :n}U nY nS hedeU na> n= A}J

UH L dU L ni pf U
nf?{>
nilR
pbRY }bU pbRe= nf?{A
U = c?{x
Y Tn> lR .R R nS bi {i

hdL i U pbhbA neR fU hdL pbhbA nfYcU . }R

.()n]hZU S |R
Y }Q gR dU \R {hU

dL _U |gU inU }L nY
({A =) pedT nSl= neH nY R |eU w nY {i b=nH
R @U w nY {A = oh`U d_x ox [_eU }x gR

.}h= n_U :phf`Y @ {eY zhZdU ~heU R p_hZU ()

186

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

.!~d U @U |w

ne@ {haeU gY{bY

R pan]U L nedT Y h>
{S
d]Y i dL oh`Un= n eUnL [_eU cx dL p_hZU Y
d_x i dL gfY ne@
beU A _= d_x = cx nY T
oh`dU R pe
d_= bU }x U|= hdL dU _d]x neY

Rnfx w ghdL ax i dL oh`U ed_x gi f_x U

oh`U _= ed_x gi Y {b>
.oh`U T
nY

p]H = oh`U gedL ai U }Kni L nedT nbx

{S ilR ngU AU Y p]HUn= oh`U gedL U }^i Y
h[> Y p]H = oh`dU pe
dL ai U n bd]Y cx

L h= ~i Y bx U p_hZU U i y[x

nU
.`U Y U cx

phL}ZU ncA he= gedL w p_hZU {fL hdL eeU lR hdL

U dL {U
hU{dU n _> gfh= {@ Y gR nw}hQ nY nfH =
R q? lR
.R
{Y cx {=
oh`U nY fU
neY

[x
dL {b>
gU L ngU AU {=
LJ
nY dL negU ~L
@
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\R {hU
{Y }_> U|=
T R {A = pedT nS p
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=}U {_U (nf?}>) pdY R ZfY UU n {eY {hdU

dL ()
r=) oh`Un= pe
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187

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

mgh }?m^X
~_eU R }[fx i rU Y {x{> Y {=
{=
nU d]Y R n> bx rU U Y L
n A]

w nU n_dU nU R bx }B ph_h]U hYfdU n_dU

ngfL rx{U >jhH }B }I pYnY fU
L{dU eU
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w

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{S
()
ne=

. pn_eU {L Y pYnY fU
L Y {Un=
.{U
{hb= fU

L Y {hS L g\_= f`H

:w hbU Y {L pe?
x}_U Y hx

.pYnY fU
L

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.{U

.pn_eU L ~_U
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x{U }h= phYH {U :inH }a_@ zhZdU nhgU
i n= }h= pR}_eU n]`U InT hA {eY zhZdU H
. }bU }ha> R Y
188

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.L{dU ~_eU pb=n]Y

pY}cU h= n_dU nB _R w ne= ~_eU h= }aU }g^x U|=

{U
L{U {L Y n_dU }U pa R ~_eU Y }Z> U

.negY{_U

nB ~_eU h= }R ~U dL {L {hU
L

pdeU R phSU {bU Un_> dU nx Y negi rhA Y n_U

negfh= }aU cU
U \b> }hT yUn[eU nL Y nZx Y R

R pLnfeU neU U L{U {Un=

}bx {=

R eB {L L {[> {S ilR phinU = nfU R ngde= nh>

Y }\T {A R}_x }_x Y R
.()

pY}cU L n A] ~_eU ~hex

nY w
Y hx
U|=
n _he@ nfU {i f_x |U {Un=
}_x ne= n YeL n_U nB

qR [bU ~_eUn= }L L{eU

hL{x
nY e= nh>U nY
.[U }Ln= pUnY L{U

:nS ~_eU pbhbA R deU pY_U oT n> |w R

}>
Y n_U = }g^x }Y w
L{eU
{fL pYnY fdU
@ dL x}cfeU
p_H ngU .n_Y gfcex S{ dL {x

()

:}I

:nS neT }U Y YnbY bx nY dU _R cx :

. w fU {_= nY :~U {hdU }bU }ha> R eA}U owY ()

()
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{= {Un= {>
yh[U _U

189

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.~L _aR hdL {b> i H dL {x >~_Y

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:qTmT
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= L{Un= yx}[U }Zx {Un=

n i}bY cx :<|T

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pew

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Y U nB {S

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191

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dU R xaUn= nex (hdL Un_> dU ) deU

yx} }aT inH U
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dx jT fU
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R h_U hU hhx |U w dU cU

qheU

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phini
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L nB
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mf g T me c G i Q m <m @ f h X

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ne= nhi nghdL dJ
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193

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oA

neY
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|U nR]U L neT pceU
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HY n[L bi ..}efU ni Y nbi Qhw}= [A
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194

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| G e< T G
b < X o w u< b ? z R h g
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d S

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| <
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eX j X eS b T o w T Q b =g < Q

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195

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|aT @ X |g`= Q }^dT

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R ~_eU R dU \R {hU
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R fU
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()
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197

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Y QHY fU
U U nI
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Y bfx .()n bd]Y n[i ng= oU n[i {fL ~_eU nhS

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= y }Y
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198

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cex = ngfL }BjY

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bx
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U nU R neT ()..ngx{= R U U hR n> |U qSU R

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fex

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hR nI |U eUnL nS Q
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199

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R YjeU
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Y

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n hS
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200

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R neT SR S
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202

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}hU R ed_U rU
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=nT
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nY B Y }g^x {U
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U
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204

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n \x ceY }Y gR ~@n_eU nY
... :dU \R {hU
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q? nY c=
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hU{Un=
_hJ o= b_U \R}x neY
pe
nhi icx U x|U nhU _= Y }Z= {x dL ~_eU
R
= mh m
b T X c K zeK { T m
Q | I g T z =| w R < g
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|w cx U [ : efU]
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nhi nhU _U
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205

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ogewbT
owT

=nU rU dL o> }x neY

ng= feU pUjeU bU cex
ni}T nY dL ngbhbA nh= nw}ha> R {x{Un= ~_eU fL
[aY
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Y oh[i fdU
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ai L {[x i hU
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dU \R {hU
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206

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pxU ex
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phfxcU

Y
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.ncI |gU
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R }Y Y cx negY
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m @\ ogewbT
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Y Lna> }ax phU B Y phicU }wn^U
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i dL

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U p]heU @eU R }h?jU }[U

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Y ph_h]U

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./ :nhadB
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./ : . ()
207

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R e\eU nY ] {_x
B chH
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R

nhadB

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U ph_SU hYfU f U

d > L nL w |U bU U :[i
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f_x |U }Y >nh\bY oA ng>nhd > SU hYi nH dL

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Yn_>
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208

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~heY
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naU {x
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cZ=
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U }ba> [_eU S Y }h={U
neY
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}h={U pxnL}U h\bx

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AU =nU YT eY R f cU ngfY }x nY phfxcU
pxdU

nS [_eU cx }ax [_eU Y }h={U }I {Tkx

Y Yn_U dL
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cUn= }[U
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hU [_eU U pUTeU nhbU }h={U phdeL R cU ~@

ghL
gi nhi nhA Y }wn^U .RB dL hU{U = hdL
}={x
dL nhU ohUnH h\b> nY phb_U }hU hdL neU n bR giHx

Y gR U B dL gfY {A >
ngRB
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{geU nY U Y ew>
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oT
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ng>nhS lR phYH pU{U R @Y cx ox U
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U dL .H R gUB ghU H B R ng_I

P
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. / :nhadB
()

209

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dL ~_eU e_x P i hR }[Un= }x haY yh

nehR pU{U }h={> }nH R nU U|T n\bU R eU oh`U
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pYnS U _x

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b_U hdL neU n bR @nU dB{U hxeU dL U Y
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U ghUnH g>}hH

fU
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Y Tn_Y {A R P fU
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:nfh]_x {_U
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x>
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n x}@ b_U ncA n bR }h={U pecU SY Y }x
nT
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aA } }a> U|U p@nU e>

nA R nT
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fdU
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px
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R w{ex
pceUn= {Y U pfUn= nU nT neT ..{b>
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R phHnH >nbd]fY R H aA @ Y pY}cU ~_eU

{_= yaU U P fU
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>
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U pRnn=
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210

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

T Y }wn^U lR L{eU

p
R nfZSnfY L }^fU `=
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Y }ax gi px}ZU nhS }h={U }aU cU dL px Y

n bR ] R |Bk> U phfxcU
pxU ] R B{> }B

{L dU fY }wnK w neT {x{> Y _U |w hU nI neU

dU S dL \b> ng>nhS px}ZU }h={> U ... }U
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|U
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{x{U L dx x}B {fL phfxcU

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} phfxcU
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.ph>nhA

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pxU ... :(}w~U bR Y)

nghR }[U
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U ned_U _= ow {S :nS }B Y
R .()..n Y{L nx

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nf=
{geU nY L
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()
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211

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n[> U p@n= Y rhA n[eUnT pd _U }eH U p@n=

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()
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dx

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Y phicU }wn^U R }[U

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|w p_H {Y {x{U |w

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b> {eY {hU
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H R neT nhi ~_Y Y }hT eU }_> rhA U dL

Q y `h i Q | g\T

[ px :}eL ]
X b T c A h
\T
g
og f S g
d S
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phfxcU

i YT Y }wn^U .() } A { R nx}U nY

pA}[Un=
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h= }R pe?
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w ~_eU S dL
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:mdfghm>

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gi nY

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p=@ px{nbL ()
212

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g>nhS L }^fU `=
nU }U Y U }hQ n Y{L n bdB
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xa= pegeU
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|< zd T mQ bx i nU cU
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cU R nhI Y }hT { pdhH d_eU phd _U n^i Un_> dU

{[U |g= hS {S
Y }>
nT ()..ng=nHj=
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.~_eU phfxcU

oTidT Q md@

cex n ai nghU nZeU {x{U nax}_U L }^fU `=

:fY [beU yd][eU }haU neA {L

}T|i

phicU }wn^Un= }[U

w fY [beU cx :
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nZeU }[U
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nY hU

pxU h= }R pe?
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hU neA |gU n bR

.~_eU

dL phicU }wn^Un= }[U

fY [beU cx :hmT md@

. {= n e hdL nS [_eU chH f= L T|eU fU

(}i x{> phed_U U) nT R ZfeU }wnZU {eY {hU
p=@ @ ()
.{gZeU dL {eY {L w //
213

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

pegY
ni nH Y pdhHT = nghU nZeU p@nU nbY R hU
nT f_eU |w ..px}ZU Y cU Y }h={> R [_eU
~_edU }xn`Y
negY
ni nH Y pdhH iT R _Y a x i
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{g_x U RB L hU{U = f_eU |w dL hU ni}T {S

QdL nY P fU gfY hY[_eU nhi }hH R n UnQ

.pbx}]U |g= g>n_eY Y }={x

inT gi
cUn= [_eU }[>
fY [beU cx :qTmT md@

}hx
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|{fL

{L dB Y |Rni chH [_eU {x}x nY T

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{I Un_> n> dU w
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nY nS
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x}> R U n_U R R}[hR

{A U dL U R

hU {@ U |U qSU R T |gR d_U

R nT R hdL
nfx{U {@> pf U
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w inU f_eU {[S U nY .U|= bU L fe> phfx
}
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dU

ijT QnY }ai U|T U n_U }hx

Y
x
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U @}x A R |gR hZY inH il= Un_> n> dU
214

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}U }cfi neT }cfi |U xaU bI Y I

U xaU
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nY d_ax nL U n_U }> neijT w nL U U n_U R
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Y S U U n_U R
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xaU }cR Y a x SbI _= R }hB neA dL
R nS Y qS R qLnI U
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pe

x}BjeU
nhA K

_U nS
afY ng\_= n_Y dL d]hR xaU nY
:deU pY
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R
gbdB Un_> dU :UnS n YS lR nhA p>nY ph=}U
cU |w .hx hex S}x bdx gR dU }Y ghU
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phdb_U
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odS >eU nhA }ebU ZT

g> n inbY U _ax Un_> dU

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n[_U
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dB ?
n inbY I T
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Y n A} = }wnK ~_eU {L nehR .= bU Y fe> paUnU
. :=nH @}Y eeU nhS pYnY ()
215

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.()d_i nehR }_eU nB R U }x U d_x ne= S = bU

hU{U nS neY
ng\_= nghU nZeU neA H neY
y\ x

bU x neY
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bU x neY
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.dL }h`= bU Y chR hdL hU{U {_U S

dL =

ogewbT
owT cK oT

i}S
w nY ngfY {wZU Y {_= phfxcU
pxU dL {H
{S

.
w nY ngfY

{U
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pxUn= he> cex nY dL {U

hU{U :neghin? ~_eU S dL
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i d]eU qx cex hR T R
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ne=}R
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m
T

g < i Q m
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.[ : ~A]

Y }eU ox}b= phfxcU

pxU dL px |g= {H
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. :i n= ()

216

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cU phUkY pinY w pinY

w ni Y }eU cU T
.[_eU w YncU ni

{_=
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U {wnI }ha> i {H dL }x
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Y w |U b_U w g_Un= nRU nfU ninY w
px pYnY w dU pR}_Y w U n\L w hdcU
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R pinY gfY }Bj>
{A }ax
Y {b>
eY
phYnY x}aeU

U
neA {A i Y S cU phUkY ngij= pex}cU px |w
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U {wnI }ha> gR [_eU w px R U ni T nY
Y `fx ne= }ha> pg@ Y
gUn= i U .}B pg@
.[_eUn= SnU cex hT d^U

}ha> R H}]U nS U|U

cx x nhU eY

eY ni f_x
a] dU UbU Q dL
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f_e= U|R cU phUkY f_e= pinY }ha> cex nT

nA phUkeU }a> pinY ngi neH w ne= pRU
ni cx U|= kY i ni {x negi{= o@Un=
Y nhU eY :H]U zhZdU nhU @ ()
hdbU i nw}U ebU
}R }ha>

. Rn[U
217

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

kY
ni }Y }h={> cU pxnL R ahdB a= Un_> dU nY
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pRdU H}eU x}]U R px}ZUn= }hU

neT phgU pxUn= nJn]U {hU

L neT nw}ha> cex
U px_U pa
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mf c d @
dL eI mh
US f_Y y\ x U|=

wn@ afU n eUnK f ? m Xc J mS h nghA
b_> ne=

.nghR }R
nginB U pinY

m

mw o G Q
d T
:Un_> US ngfY
c A {T v
d K @ b w S c g T md T c K H | K mS
.[ : w]

dB w dU Y pd _U {ha> px ox}b= px |g= {H

{S
eL A nT Y
H gY{bY
R Y[_eU w A .
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U q? Q[_eU @ dL d _Y icU @U q?
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pxU

:i T|eU {H dL }x
pH{eU L hdL nY B
US :nS nhU R H]U zhZU nw}R
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{bR .ngx}aY

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U
S gfY cx i d_eU R nY o= n_U nx i wx

()
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d K @ b w
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U
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d K @ b w S c g T
ngd_x w p`Un= pecU gbdB
U g}_x
gad cx _ f U fa= nghR ghdL _fx n_U TnY

nY c= _ahU S c g T nS }eU nB U I neU }B

.()..deU _ax
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Y ()IncU ()~heU (){U nhfbY ()nS{U
.}bU A Y

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wnB nfU nY pxn`U dB nY dL neU
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()
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nY nghR hU .}U

dU dL {x
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Y {hU

./ :nhU eY ()
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219

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U Y }eU nT U nfU kw Y AU Un_> dU Y dB nei

\R AU dB nei dU :bU Y }bx ne= }h_U ncU

xnQ dU }wn^U = [U |w Y }bx ne= }h_U }x U
odQ }T nY Y }wn^U |w fx U|U .nY
eY
x}aeU

.hU ni}I

eL A w dU pxnQ j= bU hbx U|U

i \R
:US }wn^U B
d K @ b w
nY =U nh=
.nY = w dU pxnQ Y {b>
nY dL |w US {x~x R
dU pxnQ dL pU nI Y d> px hS U :m Tm>
ilR ()nfU h= Y n bd]Y \R w pbdU Y [beU }`U

nY [S phfxcU
{>
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pYY ddU phn`U pd _U w A \R w px hdL

gi cU nY w{h= bU h= dU pxnQ w icx h=

.bY
hU U nx }B f_Y U lR U }hQ S}x bdx

nY dL px |w c> _i
h= n> dL nx}U Y

_= fL }L
nY w i Y hbx i dL nY Un_U

.>jhH neY
U i qBnH = nx}U

mh T ma Q T X | ` h d G
h T @ R :Un_> US ngfY

z@ me < | < | Yh T < me X uQ z H |T

T zf w * m K m h| R me ^ dG
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220

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}hZU |i ox}b= phfxcU

pxU dL px |g= {H

neT .i eZx neT U

hdL {>
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px H}dU cx }ax {U |w Y nghU nZeU px

phfxc>

{= x
U nL Y x ng]H=

U |w Y U
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{H dL }x
px }wnK px }wnK B i :
}ai
ex U P fU

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dL px |g= {H y[x
nT P fU
Y

U|= U

.ngU px |w \be= U
Y x {=

P fU dL px }wn^U n bR ngedT qba> ()phYnY }hHna>

.dU T U U
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ex U

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Y {L =
Y phYnY }aY
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R .()UH = dU }BjR nw_eR >}S nS _= R w\A

U }hZx (U
U P fU

A) = }h_U :nS Y }ha>

{wnZx
R .()AU x}J L }bdU gLneHn= dL = af= U

U
Y
nex dL fU

U :nS }bU A Y }ha>

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ebU
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221

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U ng_R pdH}Y px ()hdbU i }ha> R ~xU bi _i

P fU ne@ dL {>
hdU }`U Un=
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.x} cx U }bU }wn^U

qhU w Y pe
L nx {L
()~xU bi {S

gU U

kH gU U
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h_\U geU {fU h_ nx}U |w odQ

R

ngfhYn\Y n? qd
U
U _ex inT R pe

.inh= >jhH neT phfxcU

pxU q> R

[_eU fU
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f_eUn= phfxcU
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U n_= n[> dL L

}U
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...

ilR U
U n_= [ x hdU nbY R p@nA pe?

nT _i
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.}`dU n \bi RB

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z a T o c g T mX

X f < k< mfg Q
|T
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R ~f>
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222

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{S
cU kZ= d _x neY
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fdU
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P
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L w neR

.ghdL ~fU

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ghdL YH dU d) U Y pe
fU

dL cx nei }U
R pex}cU px }wnK B Y ZSnfY cex nY w (h_e@
nx _= B Y U U }hZx nY nghR }x U rhA {bU H

mh o S m
X oc g T Q me T }h mh :Un_> US R neT dU nT Y }B
K X |X * g
X me S
g
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c^ T g

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= gUn@ gS cx dU Y }={x
gi f_x {_= Y
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nY |w
R nB Y nY nY
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223

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.()gYnbY p_R

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pxU dL {H
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:ngfY
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Y |w nB Y hR ne= je]x = ]bx U|U {U
}hQ = nx}U |w Y yh[U p^AY
pxU dL {x
R pe P fU Y ~_eU S dL
nY w = phfxcU

cU f_e= phfxcU
pxU R U hR B }Y w

}h={> xnL
nY
x{U
}Y ed_x gi dL
phd T ~i R

gi d_U |w p? gi I fY ghdL ax x{U
T
.cx nY ed_x gi d T nhi dL ?
U nx}U _= bfi cex
dL }[bi rx{U nf= ]x
:ngfY nei

:bx QdU {L n= q_eH :nS }h[= = L nY

dB nS [ : }H] < | X X
|T
|T
R
K h T i w
P {eY
}hQ \Y eY
{A Y cx U hnchY h}@ Y ^L
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pe
Y w
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nA hU nT U n@ = nL ]L jH |U }T dU
.nfhU

. :i n= ()
224

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

{_= nY :Qn}U U = hU oT i {f@ = dU {L L

lR
? qhU w nf T S nedR
bdB R [n fhY] hY nT P {eY

}_U ni nxU nxnfeU dL ni{fL R dU nfY fR

.H {UY

Q}a_@ = QdU {L = L qdB :nS }h[= = L

dL nhi dU H}R :negU qdS

_i U nbR edL nY T

nbR }= eT }> >eU h> dL nS i :qdbR

n= nx f Y :nS ?
fhL dL {x yeR {eY

dU l= _i :U
...hU neU eZU }[= g@

n ?{Y
QdL
nT :nS QdU {L = L }h[= = L
qcfhR dY h>jx :nS {eU
px neR qdS :nS n ?{Y

nedH nT

.qhT qhT dS R

dL L QdL
H :nS Q}a_@ = L }h[= = L
P fU
w nY dL nT nY dL hhfU
he@ dL fU
dL :nbR

P fU dL dL i {h= ai |U :nS ?
.pLnU nhS U nT

.pLnU nhS h= fh= nehR nT w nY nT nY dL

m h| R T
:=nT R bx Un_> dU ..
U = L
< p ^ \ R m
T < | g G

[ : {L}U] ...= d T < c S
{dU = ]bx nU = ]bx nY ni{f_R }bU |w i nf? {bR
R nT gU q> nY }_i i dU l= >eU = hx

hhfU
hneU dU n]L U Y Y }Y ng= }x nY nx dU nT
225

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

hdH}eU
n> dU .ncU R nfU d T U dU d_@ {S
md T Q o mP X mX
X m

S Q
g
:bx Un_>

nS ?
X me g ` \
@
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b T me > > ~L
w
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K
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nh> hR |U
.I T

| h T{ S
:U qdS :nS L new{A L }h[= = L

m

U qaZT :nS [ : n_i]
b c X g
d T
v| <

:nS .hdL Y }_U nghR nY nw A neU
.|w cAn _i :nS hw}= > nY Y {eY
>jR :qdS

{eU
d]Y qx nw{hinH L }^fU `= nZeU nx}U
nY [S lR .phfxcU
.gfY ~_eU S ni}T neT hdL {>
pxdU

gU qaZT gi cx nY ed_x gi nhi dL ed_x gi

nY U R hU .. neU
cdU }={eU
gi dL {x

... S}x hex bdx w{h= YnY xnL

pxU dL {H
_U _i
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nf
c A T :QUS .U n_U

p AmT
o@
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@ :Qn[dU qdS nS i px R QUS mfcvi<

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zK
{eY
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n hdL

c ^ ? zK|T G Q T ow {v gcK =mQ gT pQ|Zh cT

. / :}w~U bR Y ()
226

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

.[ : {L}U] f g c K c T < mY Q a c S a c A mS | H c T

nY U|R x}hB x}Un= phfxcU

pxU dL {H ox}b>

ilR
g= fY pnR }eH pnR {[Y gi dL {x

nY [S lR inU nY
{x
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}_Un= xaU ai U nbY R nY pnB hR |Y

.ng= ngZH px hU{= ]Un=

ne= {H phfxcU
pxU dL nB Y {b>
ne= {H

:UndU U `fx

nf i R gfL }eUn=
{H U pfUn= nY :

dU f_e= f[U }ha> dL S x gR nf_nf {_= dU nf=

I nY ph=}U nhB f_e= }U R f[U = U|T hU }Y

}ax
dL .U
hcR pgU |gU eY }U Y }eU lR S

pxU dL }Un= {x
.dUn= (f[U)
.!phfxcU

T ? Q cK
bT |g`= oPT rfeT @|H Q gX < aw

zhZU nS ..nfU nf {_= nfU nf=

nf nilR .. :gQ mR owm^dT

eZY T |w nf=
nf nilR QUS :}ha> R i}U hY =
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R}x _f][x Y deU p_hf :bfR hR U ngK nffcex nY
>}B [ : J] ` e T ^ e \
:Un_> US fY {S

227

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{A hU i f_eUnR .Y
> L }[fU _hf >|B

p]H fh= nffh= hdR nfhdL _i Un_> dU = .pe_i nfhdL }ZU Y

ex .inH dU h= gfh= nHU fR nf_nf w}Hj= nfU
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R p_hf R nbx eU
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pe_i w ng= dU g[B
U pdx~U pe_f U e_i eU [B

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qd B U i Y }U R ne= {H y[x
U|T :m ghm>

(qBnH) = }h_U .ngdwj= qBn

U pA
Y {A pLnH
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|w Y .n x nY n _S qai gfY qd B U rh= YnY

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_U
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n[U L L }eU }Un= {H y[x

U|T :m Tm>
dU R xaU w Qn[U T R afU ox}b= Q
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.{_= nY
228

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xaU nY .. :UnUnT kU Y nT U|U .}hQ fL keU

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n hdL
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nY y
U
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n> dU ... :nS i Qn}U L }U R neT R gfL }B

G |T
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f h
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UnB @

> b a c A { T :@
~L
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dU
g w > b gd w > b R
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R A U }U dU }Y R @
~L
dU L Y

{S .()}ZY xaUn= nbU }RnT }Un= nbU xaUn= nS {bR
dL U @ R (x}ZU @}R dU L)
{geU nY L
S
n@ dB |U w Un_> dU :hR nS i _hI kH
heU w I deT hU @ R nA = hU i
n =nx }hR iUjx dhR Un_> dU Ujx gilR pe
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nYjR
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ne= xaU nx}= {H cex _i

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229

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S U neU Y eU nT x}ZU f_e= x{U }Y P hfU

.{U nghR
R phYnY pH{eU R phh}U SeU inhU {hU
{S
U
.():p?? nwn>

P fU pahK oR Un_> dU w ncAU }ZeU :

.inggU {hAU }T neT ned_U }T }U |w dL .hdU w

:hmT
ngU R p]H gR AU nY
w }ZeU
P fU

}T|x .inH}U {iB nf > {S .{HnaeU yUn[eU

{hU

.p[U
{L ]Un= a hdL d L inhU

ncAn= e>
cex U ncA h= h[aU :qTmT
w }[_U yd][e= HnH inbU p=ne= w U U p@{U
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.P fdU

xa> R n \x dB {bR pUjeU |w R B pe?

nT
inhU {hU
U x{U
f_e= pe
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nB {S x}ZU A
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P fU
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.()
L n[U rxnA

xaU Y fx hdL
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. :ai {[eU ()
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230

oX mK xXX mgh X :hmT Z`T

_U deA neT xadU n_Y {L

oxj> Y .()deU pY
bU
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neY
n]_U gU SU Y Un_> dU gegU ne= ged_= p_x}ZU
..nxna[U nai neB Y gx{x R

. :i n= ()
231

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

cT [Q zgT
owT
zeK ogewbT

()

{L
pxU = }_x neU = R
dU \R {hU
}R phfxcU

:UnUn= ngUne@ cex yd][eU |w f_Y {x{> R neA

cU }h={> phfxcU pxU Y }eU cx :
md@
.>

neT phin=}U
}Y |haf> f_e= ngfY }eU cx :hmT md@
neT pceU pahK w
.U dL hU{U
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hU{U }^i pg@ Y neA |w dU \R {hU

Sni {S
.i}bU

}bU = i}bU hU{U >n? gfx ilR

neA nY
| ` = @ T X j h T T mR
:Un_> US R neT RB dL x}cU
| ` Q n
X me T
e K g

h X o e ? T b = * m Ke w
m f h

c Tm< =i = m ` S me g c K p d K md S md T
a = * |g ` = mf T A

gR o b d T
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232

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|Y < pe
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w [ :}H] G
|w Y dL >{S {L dL
K b T

c T } A ze
R R :Un_> US U|T .pA}beU Y
R n g _T c K
: n_i] T @
w mX = c X h b T
< ^ ` w mX mX G |T
S mX R :Un_> US [
X m Kz < pe
.[ : nbA] g
X |w { h mh mX T @
w mX = b <
{feU {bU =nbY R fdU
ph>|U {bU ai nbY R ngi nbx
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H neY
dex }Z= w ne= phd_aU {bU ai nx |w }wnK
.= nh>

nY L { qx neY
_i
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e_U hdL S x

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fdU
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nY dL L
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cU R R}[x

nx{U
pg@Y R A fU |w dL
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L dY }Y w n A] ~_eUn= }_x nY n]i R U gU

.phfxcU
pxU

dL pxU nhi peU

cx }ax |U inU neA nY

neA ilR neL Y ghU {fH nehR pceU pahK {A
dL cU
233

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

.pf U
Y x}cU }bU Y hU = gfx

nh> f_e= gU pxU }ax |U w rUnU neA nY

}hQ f cU yh gR ~_eUn= n A] }_x nehR UjedU nUn=

n A] phfxcU
{ ncY q? neY
pxU
~_eU lR

bhbA R {@ pe?
nhi L
nT hR nbi hU{Un= pe

neT nhi {x dL Un_> dU x}x pxi

ai L {[x i }ha>
h[a> U ni}T
.~_eU rY R

234

qTmT Z`T

mgh ZR X

235

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

oZR

Y }ha> Y Y {L
R Q p[S
dU \R {hU
sUnL
L {i
?

d> heU w
}_i ni }bU A
H Y Un_> UbU }ha> oT {bR :nghR U phHnH ncR w

R
d c T < m
Q Km? h ob
^ = T mR o ` gcA
:}bU
R T
m
za h z d < x h h mX zT ` w mfg Q z ` w X mfg Q
c K * d c ^= mX c K h
d T c K f | K > mf c S md G
o b

eS jv md Gi < hh m
a Q
me T c K h m G T mR * g
R m

R * g
md c Q f ud G i < f h mw m
h me d c K mX
b T g
c^ T ph

m

R f ud Gi < v i h

d T

n g P c K h b T R T m
.[ :}bU] d b = eS mX z = mX c K

R bR U @ L ni dB L rx{A nx |w R
Y {x{U deU |gU pxf_eU pehbU A pceU Y dU A
hhbU d H R nghR U p@{U hU T |U {U B
R pYngU
nbfU edi

{U |w R nfH ..@edU
_= nY S U Y ..[dU nU }_U B Y p[bU |w
.}hcaU }h> U oiU
237

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ogKX
oagaS T f`h gS

..pceU h= inH dU h= }hY A nx |w R }bi nfi

n?l= pceU nx ..pahdB R Ln@ i ghU dU A {bR

pahdU |w egR gi eU p=}Q Y d]fx |U kU
nY nhU Y _x = ox neT pegeUn= bx
nY{U aH nadU

}U R eH
{U Y U fx hcR

f_> U pRdU {beU

Y A}]x hgi }Y nY n_Un= dU B R n S]i
}caU gai R }hx pahdU |gU x{T gai |w gUkH

iH {bx dU x
gR Bl= {U Hnex gij= A> U

w{U }]U |w nT ne=

U oAn[x Y
..nR }I

dU pxnQ Y edL neY
n bd]fY {x{U pahdU dB }cR nY
p
ac A mX
:pex}cU px hU nI neT dU nL w @edU
z ^ g T ~h
T
Ax inH dU cU
..[ :nx|U]

gR {Y pahddU _h]U {Un= gR}_Y {x{@ Y ghU

U Y {_= U {_>
= yhU x{bU f_e= n_U dL }[b>
Y pbd]feU pehcU Y nH dL cU R B{x neY

gYnY dU }hx ?
Un= kU >}x U|= ..Yn^i _x}I
{L
{U
U pRdU p_HU }caU gYnY yx |U gU

yfY {S dU g>nSnJ ngU {_> U ni nSnJ ngU

Y dY T

}_i |g= hU T |U {Un= nhbdU dwkx

neY
oweU nSn]U
B n _> ni l= S Y hR L nehR hU dB p_hJ
.negeU

238

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

|w h= gfh= px}caU pieU SY R abx gfY odJ

neY
bdB B Y nwnx dU n]L U ~heU R}_hU
{x{U deU
wkY
_hJ B Y }_x gR ..{U |g= nhbdU
L nY T
d_x
Yn_x hT }_x .}H }wK @Y Y R dU
pR}_eU dL L]Y gi ..|w Y n hI R}_x gR w nY
..ng_Y
h_> U {eU
phhU
phx{bU
n_U Y nB nJ R

gYnY Zcx
.. R nY R}_x gfY od]x |cw ..nwi

dU {x}x ..x{b> \B R = R}_hR ..gU

gU {Tkx
d T U }_= bx ed_x nY gR}_x
Y od]hR ..}caU
Y pHneeU Y pg@ Y nex Y pbd]feU pR}_eU >
..ghdL

U {eeU phgU pbhbUn= A> U pxn= [aU gfx }B pg@

{eU d_U =nbY R dU d]eU d_U }b>
_x neY
>nSdY cU

}H
}_x nY dL }_x R {fL bx U `fx dY cU
j= dhU Z= bx U dU ed _x }^fx = dU n_R Y
T
.ecA }H
}_i U pecU R }x I

nJ R R}U nwnf_Y R px hA> neU dh[aU }_U w U

..p[bU

.nx |w R nbi {L
}hi Y nfU {=

p[S
dU h= nghR U phbhbA
w w ..U |w f_Y nY

i U pbx}]= }caU ox}bU i}S dH w pceU h=

}Y
U dH lR .}x}bU dH Y }caU gR U }S

h= nI {L
nY{fL }caU R pT}Un= Ax
dL ngdhna> >
239

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

}h> }caU j= }x}bU dH R }_Zi nefh= U kU

nL

B Y
}hQ _I

afU R }hx nw oh> cZ=

.}caU p_hJ

R {i fR phi}bU ohUnH R n L{= dH |w hU

Y ]fx b_x nY h= dU h= {x A }bU nx Y }hT
nS eU dB R inH dU ncA nehR neT >nSdY
ox}bU .[ :qd[R]
^ mI me g = m T mR m v| S m K I mg :negU
g
neg= }h> ph_hJ hiS Y neghR L ne= dU fxcU negL\B }cR
.ecA > R
nhA nfaSY L rx{U Y nU |w L U R nfU {=

Y gax nY }hQ dL ngdefR nghR }[i
nfU gR phi}bU }w^U

R}U ngUU{Y

nY pA
phYcU }w^U j= \b> wnaU R phib_U pbx}]U
|w dL }bU }@ {S ng= |B Y nf_fex dbL hU nfw cx U
lR {i fY |Bji nehR nghdL }hU Y nfU {=
R ..=dH R pbx}]U
}S Y dbL inY nfw cx U p[S
e A @= ni}B
dbL inY nfw nT nY ..p_S pbhbA nL = }S nfY~dhR =
pxnfcU neU {LS nH dL _Y fx nY dL deA Y {=
R
dU @ L q?{>
Tmv H S
U nx R neT ..n_H
T mR
o T c _X c T zw
f g T p
dU {x L [ :[bU] f ?
I
X zw < T mR md < e ^ T f wz w p c P
c T zw [ : {neU] m

neU ..n@nT @ Un_> ij= Ax neY
.[ : yaU] f wzw Q
240

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

ngi dL nx nfdeA dU pheU nfY dL db_U hU{U nS

R >S
n]L L @U pedT R |U L }h_dU n_H Y
|w Y nf[S
SY nY .. U \b> px`U nHnfeU {hU pedT
.{LnbU
..kU |w B Y ph\bU _U sUn_x {S

nbY R inH dU nT w ..phLY pbhbT U gai hT

wnB nbY R nT pahdU |w dB Y {x}x nehR pcedU nZH
Y d]f> nZH kU Y
R Y {=

..U|=
ZU
neY
SUn= gU x |U }U U U pUnY
d_R dU {x}x neL
nB ph\bU qinT lR ..Un_> hU i hx
}bU B Y }_i nfi Y hdL pceU }L }ai
hcR
gi x}cU
c d ^ w | X i < v a T m< h a w * X | b X m K
..U }ai
hT {x{@ Y kU _x nfw .[ :nhi]
nfw hU nB nY nU Y ph\bU c> ne=
bi
L ndU R{> eU p_hJ lR n }L kU nL o@x nY
n SdY dU dx hcR ..}`H pZw{U }h> ..hR pecU }H

dL }eU
R >nhA e> |U qSU R R ahdB chU

R ..ng_hJ o= ~`d U Z> ph\bU ..nY{U aH naUn= dU

ZcU pceU >n? kH L n =@ ph\bU c> cex nJ |w
{h_= ph\bU p_hJ }a> kH L n =@ c> cex eU
phinU }baU f i h]i {S ..bhbU U @ L
i @x
Y n Li ph\bU R j= A> ngLee= nx

|U {U
241

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ngK ghU kU h@= pg@ Y gedL px{Y n?l= pceU

gai nfi ..}caU |w }bx {S ..fL p=n@n= hdc> w~L
>nSdY Y dU A lR ..pceU Y U |w R @U
cx nY gahUnc> g>nhUke= d _> U nxn\bU Y n UnQ d]fx
eY
..n g@ U }_i nY |gR nwnx {x}x U phfxcU
Y R

}wnK dL ad U eA L n hdbL n _inY }_x |w _h]U Y

fR p_h]U nY U n_U pR}_eU Y }hcU dei nfi nehH

inH dU h= gfh= pS_U w nY w hT Ubx hT }_i

..U |w hR h_x cex |U U
U dei |w T
w nY

hH

nfi =n cZ=
nw@ }_i neY
nxn\bU |w lR pR}_edU
..= }caU ei nfd_> U n\x nH {i
nff cU }caU yhU n hi}S n =dH eU nL }bi nfi
nY {> nwnfY{S
ne=
U nh]_eU U|= ~i
= ..~dU
nfh>jx nehR ..U ph}aU L{> U ?jeU rxnA _= bdi
..rx{A Y

Y w neU |w R nghU nI Y {=
p]bi nfw qhb=
{x U |U U {= nB x hT |cU {[U
q?{>
U n= Y }_i nff cU ..bx U |U bU pxnc=
R n_\x negi ..nw}hQ R pxnfcU = R |cU {[U L
L hcx ne= nB d ceU {[S lR xncA {[bx neU negHnhbY
cx U |cUn= U n b=n]Y nT {[Un= hdL cU cY SU
{[S = pxncU e\Y R SU L nB {[bx U nY ..n b=n]Y
242

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

.ng= = nL lR }B I
L nBU pdhH nwnL

nehR niU dU ngd_@ U pRU f_Y w nY

px hdL {>
:nhf_Y nfw }T|x ne=

n S]i ..ni dB dL pb=nU @eU L pRU :mdfT

R qInL phA
n[R nfw }T|> U px}eU rxnA _= Y
{_= q}bi ?
nY{U qcaH nR nghR q?nL ni S
]_> rxnA nfw |w dL ngadhU ni n@ ..U
Y @ nLn= phY phini pa[U @eU dU
.}ZU = S hhY

R neT e\eU |g= nx {L

{S dU L pRU :mdfghm>
Q o ` gc A m
e c ^ ? mh
e T g < b @m

m
mw :Un_> US
Q
Q
A Sm
e c ^ ? > :Un_> US .[ :] T m<

f_Y cx |w dL .[ :ix] c d ^ = g S | ] e e T v z ^ < X

dU R dL nwneL nwnf= w dU L pRU

U pceU j= Ax ngSnhH nx }wn^= R inU }U _U

gai nLn= = bR nY{U aH nR Y n S]i gUkH A}]x
ngcdex U n[U nh= nJ R ghU dU A nT U|U hdwkY

..pahddU pUTeU pegeUn= nhbdU dwkx

neY
ngicdex deU |w
dB }Y
w ph\bU jcR
= bx pahddU }x |U {U ph\S
SY Y n bd]fY U nT |gU .x{bU ncU dx {x{@ @Y
.}hQ R baeU ni R @eU pRdU phLeU n[U
p@nA px nfw nT neU
neT ph\bU qinT U
f_eU R wx
243

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

~hY U n> pb=nU @eU L pRU lR hnaU |w cU

.pceU L ~hY ph>

@ Y rxnA R nY }cfi inU f_edU nfh@}> R i

w neT Y{L fL R= >}x Y{L @ ph\S lR }B dB

R }]eU kdU }ha> c> rxnA |w yd[> {S ..y

|w pceU }L x Y w i}bU U |w nY nY Y }T
nY B{x U i Y R {ax nY{U ax {x{U deU

n[dU gH{= U }ax

{_= p=}U
@ h= p=@ qLf>
hR }R> dY i rhA Y ni ng= ~hex
T
U pxneU

eU neU yax neY

..x nY x{Y R }[f_U nhdH

Y pb=nH phini p=}> L {x

@ h= phdU nHneeU |w

ph\bU }]x @ h= p}bfeU pb=nU @eU _= B

R neT ph@nfH phA
}B n> R

ph> nYd_Y L {x
nfw nT U U cx phincY L {x
= hb=nU h=U

}B oi@ nfw cx cex = Yne= T|Y }hQ bhbA A

U phi}bU pbx}]U nH dL p[bU
R nginh= }Q d _x U dU

}T|> R p[bU
[ > U nhI dL }[b> = hnaU T
}[>
gU dU nB {_= UjH {S pceU nT ne=}R
.nghR HnH {gUn=

{x ne= dU g=n@jR UneL [n[B L pahdU _=

aH R nR nxn\bT > Y f> nxn\S Y fY

gR}_Y qincR ..U R pecU L UjH U =}`HnR ..nY{U

dL =}bi nY |w ..p[bU

nJ R U|= gU dU x}_> Y {eY

244

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

pg@ Y ?jeU rxnA qe>

nY nhI p_hJ pH nH
{h_= }haU dL pU
nwnLn= kU }ha> R nwnf i nfilR {fU

ngfeR rxnA |w _= U nI Y j= ..f^U L

cK mX :nS Qn[U }a_@ nY L Inh_U }ha> R n@ nY

:fTa< obdT
: }bU] mX zT ` w mfg Q z ` w X mfg Q ^ =

.mXzT `w mfgQ z`w X hmS zR fh T [

cT K oQT o^gI f`h gS :mdfTm>

nf= R }h={U pxnL}U U nx nY ngfY }eU _U

}g^x |g= nB dU d_@ |U n^fU nH dL R nhU

U pR}_eU S
|U }hcU {U
Y hR L ne= niU dU {L
n_hH ngUB Y h]x
nY @eU }w^U Y UA nY T

naU [U }ZU
}hU = {x |U b_U pSnJ Y n]L

ngfY }hx {x{@ ncR ngfY sfhU ngg@x U Y h= = x

|U w {U |w _U
..nwnxn\S nhU TnZeU ph[U dU

d T
c K o h mX me | K mh :Un_> US R pinYn= fL dU }L

T
mf c d @ mf e X a` H mf e c d w g < i Q m

mS h mh

.[ : ~A] f ? m Xc J

pe\U nSdeU |w pg@eU nfcU }x[U |w nT ne=

hU{> phUkeUn=
.= bx nY{fL ni d ex |U {U pe^L dL

}x}> }_Y R ngd T neH hd_> U nI Y gai {S

U nSn]U neU |w R }hT d_dU pRdU hA

245

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

..{U |w R nH w }B dY

ni R dU ngL

R }Y
T
ni I
U x
n edL sfx h]x ngUB eR

.{= dU }wn^Y Y }g^eT p=}U hU b> }caU `dx n>

p_hJ h= nin= {= nhbdU ni phUkY qbd]i |g=

R }hU hH R x{x h= U bU }h> dU h= nhU

chR dU {U }hcU eU U _R}x |U w |w }ZU

hH

cZ=
}hU Hnex x|U pceU Y \R
gU \R R fxc>

U ~fx
ilR phUkeU SY Y pHneY L {_= nY U R

R ~x}Q cZ=
ngni gZU h_x |U hU p@ Y aH

..U R hdL ?

}nH L ~hex
|U gR ..> dbL edL w ni }H

R Y nY d x dwkx
|U w ph>
phAni Y @eU

phde_U phAnfU Y nY ..U ph_h]U

bU }h> B Y nhi{U
nhU

i}S R dU U~i nY nH dL _SY ehS {x

|U w deL lR
a = c T zeK b X | S
.[ : }U] Sm
c S hmh eT v v o`gcT v X

{Y ZU ini fU i pex}cU px Y }wn^U

}hcU {U |g= nhbU fcex hcR ngngin= }eL gfx pfh_Y

phfY
}a=
x ngd T eZx |U
nhU Y {eeU pdA}eU |w cU
|w
R {ax ij= pahdU |w a {S pceU :n hin?
_= dL ]fx = dL ]fx U |w nY{U ax
246

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

.nhU {Y R ini fU nghR ex U nLneU

R {H {S (pahdU) ad U |w neU |w R Ai {S
|w Y h]i ne=
..px Y }T R nfU nhi _= n]B
w = n h_R n ehd_> hU neH hd_> j= pdnbU }caU Ai

dU R px}ZU g@> |U x{U cZUn= {L phd=nbU hd_>

.Un_U dU .d_dU ]U

H pex}cU nx _= R {A
dU :_U nx {S
X e X w
c d K be
{ T c T zK
:Un_> US R n@ neT hfYkeUn=
Q f e ` c gT m
TmZT

fU] f c R X w
{ T c G

md S

d T ini fU pahdUn= }eU b> hcR .[ :

{x{U =nbY R ini fU w pahdU j= nfdS nfi :U
U gR pYn_U
nY pnB
pYnL

heS dL pRU lR Z=

Y }B n[aU =nbY R nL cZ=

ini fdU dU ngd_@
pYn_U
n[U nSn]U Y cdex nY B Y phU

@eU
U = [x cex hR dU {x}x nehR ngY{x h]x U
.dU n

w }InY cZ=
x}B dL }]hU pxU gR pnU
nY

R hfYkedU cehH
dU j= A> U px |w fL }_>
nY
f_Y R ni}T nY Rnf> R gdS Y yfY neT phd_aU p]dU gfex
.px

247

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

cT mfdc K T mdG v mX

w pe
L U rxnA R phfx{U [fU qnaH {bU

H phicU @eU neH w ngfY }eU R w}hQ L qhU

p_hJ = A> |U w |w _U
nw}hQ pdSn_U @eU ngfY

L pRU pegY
Y fx nx |w R SeU cx |U U

pdYncU pR}_eU }a> ngilR ni ngU {L

c=
U R dU
.ng>nY ng>nd ]Y

n[U }a_@ dU {L = L n_U

= L Inh_U }ha> R n@
c K
: }bU] ..mf c S md G
:dU S L UjH :nS Q

.ow m^YT mT g
:nS ed L nY [

ngd T neH dU d L :nS nL

= L }]U }ha> R n@

U neH |w w
gH p=

ni :nfU ng= n_x

Y U nI neA @ }=
.nw}hQ Y
}nH x
neH pceU neHj= U }ha> R n> nfw

..dU nf@

S pedT {fL S U x}aeU

c K
Y }hcU nA {bU
n

mX
pedT }ax
UnA [ : }bU] d b = eS mX z = mX
ngfY n w@ U R }T iecx inT neL
UnR d b = eS
Y ai R hd= eT nY i
x~f> }Q } cU
eU pU~fY {AdU
n bdB nf=
fY dL nf T
dx U :gUS i ngfY g= n bdY nLn=
dL oUn`U = }haU dL pA
|gU {i nff cU ..}T
248

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

q?{>
U nx Y ng>hY L d> px dL dU ^U

dL {hTjU @ Y px R eU pHnfY B Y dU na L
cx ne=
R dU pe^L
|w dL }bU SY Y SY
{eeU p_h]U L rx{U Y n efY oh`dU dU dL L rx{U
ed_= pceU x U neY
{x{U deU |w R pahddU pdLnaU
hx |U eUn= dU dL p_= nx Y neU |w R {=

p=nS}Un= {U nA ai R ShU }e\x ni }g^x nY c=

_ZU n\i Y {x~Y U bx neY
hdL dU pdYnZU }eeU

pedcdU I
}x{b> } {i nU |w R ..dU pe^_= he_U
phHnH p_h]U Y = ph[ZU p_SU p_hJ Y d]f> ph\bU
.dU na[U
h_x U p@nUn= nfhU

nx |w Y ni }_Zx ne=
x}cU {x
|U U |w B Y Y U~fe= nA
.b>nL dL nbdeU phUkeU B Y U gU

phini n[U dL ~hT}U Y nA |w R {=

Y ngdex phUkY w = = w~x n R}I qhU dU Y U pAfeeU
dL nw~hT}> nghef> nw}ha> @
ngUB Y U cex U H
.@ nT ngd@ Y U {w b x

pinY hR dU ngL U nSn]U |w nL U Y Ai nfd _U

U hdR x{U
b> U nwnaU U ngg@x
ngd]_x
nw{ex

ngT}x
{x{@ n hI nhdU
hdL ox = nY U ]B ngY{b>
x |U nJ L ni }x U|= UA Y nhU }hU

249

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

d_> U phini px}aU }LnZY }L ai hR

}cax
i af=

@U |w pxnL L phini hUke= x}B @= }_Zx

= nhgi }i Y xneA
R _Y gR > w {fL nY T

L {h_= UneL ncR

.}B I
T
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T
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pdLnR S

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.hbeU x}]U dL nw~hT}> @ Y SU ]B T

B R be_x
dU hH R hdYn_U dL ox nY w |w

nx ngfY }x U phA}U ph=}U ohUnH Y ~T nf U ai

Y paJn_eU pdLnaU pedeU ph[ZU
nhU R e_U nY T
R p_d ]eU
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.dU f= }Z> U pdYnZU p_HU nR R

R }U
@= he_U _ZU niU b x |U w |w _U

L {h_= SneL B
Y pbd]feU `\U xng> _\U i T

{eeU pdngU bU
> R dx i ..> nB @eU bU
Y U feeU }hcU B Y d T cU dL >}]h= _I Y
UnB dU
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S

nfw qhdR ..cU UnB i cU R S

T

c>
U bU
U }Y {>
w = ..phQn]U ngJ` R hini

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o e T ? ph
b G
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250

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v m< |a= md H q g@ zP mf e X
S
g
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d Tm] T X mh b Q | YT

.[ : }bU]

Q mh mS mdX md f ? |A i Q mf e K m\ gYT
b [ ^ < \ v me c R g

md f T iQ
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X | a X

d c S < X ac Q
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Q m
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T v h g c K m
.[ :

zv = d Q zv e X b e g =i w mX kQ m ^gd ? mf e X \ v me c R
.[ : }bU] h } w v f g c K A

zTmA mfg Q v me T m
{ T
T me =mw u< < { S |` S w

.[ : }bU]

L x}cU }bU nghR {>

U [aU Y }hB [aU w |w
ni L dU px{=
}g^x inH dU hT eh S
?
Y}T ni pehS

pceU dU h= U B Y hew
ed _x dU w{>
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bdB R }U
U B Y R}_hU

gU yhU _h]x dR

nh=nx =nb> RB @ B Y {> U nhdU

pRdU ph>|U >wkY
R ni |w p_hJ R ec> U {@ }hcU

x{bU ~Y L {hU
inU [aU R d]fx ?

R dU L
x|U w wH R pceU Y dU nehR niU

U U L hd= fY nedR
dU Y }bU }U R pebU
dex

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251

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ni p=}> }x[> R B{x }bU lR [aU |w R nY

JbH R _hJ R pfYncU }Q i B{>
hT phUkedU

A R U `x
hd= n]H hT n inhA p=}U nY

pbdU |w R nfi >x> >}Q B Y hbeU U

L
U {_= B{i ?
{x}i ..px}haU
p_hJ R px Ai
..p[bU

:nbi {L
R U nx |w nwn? U nxn\bdU px}caU hnaU R

T
mh o<|=

n_ex pf U nfcx A
Y nghR nY c=
n= dU

Y Tjx negdR {x{> }A Y ||U

pf U nI T
pf U R gnbU }ZT {A }I L neg_fY f cU ..nZx rhA

|w {x{> L hnaU R B{i {x}i ..nx @

hAx nehR
neT pxf_Y }I w pdfH w na> }I w w }ZU

ex
}hU pR}_Y }I ngi bx _dU dx
U }ZU

.I R ni{hax eU p_hJ
pJn= R p=}U Y nei ..@U R negU p=}> qinT

cdex |U }caU }L {bR n}eUn= negU n]hZU nT ..pxaL

nx{U
}x}eU nU B Y
pg@Y dL bx ni

R e> nhU ngUB Y }_x U

@ {L
nfgR {A @

`U
Y pb=nH p=}> px x{x{U hSdeU x|gU c> U ..U
R pJnU qinT ..{[U nT ..{U d U {U |cU
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R pxa_U qinT nhI pg@Y
252

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.neginhT R e> U p@nU px}U

R neghU ZeR ..>{L {A {bA SY Y phde_U {=

}ZU Y T L gfU |w :gU bhU ynfU eU
dL n> B Y [hH = negY~dx
]i dU |U
}U Y `= pad `eU {x{U nedcU {= ..pceU @ R
R n ZQ nfw [x
U negR neghai R ngU_aY |Bj> y[f U

= ..ohUnH R n L{B nxfU

U }^fU nbfU na[U new{fL nY T
Y nedcdU nedHnR ..ngfh_= pbhbU w {A @ Y nhU
_R hUnH nT {bR > n inh[L dU dL }e>
ex U j= }_Zx
@ R ni }`> nY{fL A w neT n Yne> neghai R }U
.>nhA L _S L {_R |x|U phA

niU
R hd= yi ..p=}> nY n]bH

{U
R {hAU SnU bx U ..incY Y ]bH nhdL Y ]wjR
gx n]H i n}U w~Un= }_Zx w ngR ..dU dL }eU
phdeL
fY y[hU ph]U U hdL dU Y}T
|U deU |w pehb=
]gx hd= A
n _he@ ghU dU Y }Y n@ .dU Y

Zh_x gU {x}x |U {eU U R Zh_x ..n _he@

g@x ..| d U eU f Y gU dU jhw
nehR _ ex hR
U {_U }= n]hZU x}R ni x}R hbx}aU h= SeU
U egY
U a[x U dx n]hZU j= ni ng_Y }_Zx
lR |U dU peA L n_= U ni Q w ngU ai |i
.}[U px{= }_> {x{U nhU
253

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

AjR n[i }e? fx

hd= inH dU }x U

cU j]B L @}x ngUB Y h]x U deU pbx}]Un=

nbd U U p@nUn= ng_Y }_Zx U nU R dUn= SL R n =n? n HnH

U @ U dU pxnL}U nH ..na`H @ phdeL R =

..i eA dU aL @ R yx n ini nT neT nL =

onU deU pSL SY Y dU L pRU R {x{U nehU

L }i |gU p=bL gU phdeL c> U a`U hA}U bUn=

ngfY }x = dU }Y
w = dU peA nY L n[S n_=

@x
{x{@ cU
h]>
nehR dU {w nH dL ni hR }x

L RB R _h]U nH dL nex >nH B Y hU

. R dU

R phde_U >]B B Y niU }hT {w U pf U qU>

dU pLn]U lR ngfY @}B R U ph[_eU qewnH necR ..nhU

}U ngdhe> R ec> ngehS ..{x{@ Y nghU UB R wn>

nghU h_h]eU }S ngfL hi|eU n_= f_x neY
eA a]U dU

b> ..pex}cU nx |w Y nAeU phUne@ [U w d>

Yj>
phdeL px}cR nbi {L
nfYnY
paS ngYnY SU Y nfU {=
.}hca>

mgh odZ^< mfRK og\A

:Un_> US R U n hi
nL phi}bU nx _= Y d_i nfi

g
m @h ` \
] g
d T m^ T c K | d K
c T
v| <
254

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

Y[_Y nhi phYnY nedL ge@ {U }b>

{S .[ : }eL
pU {U nx |w h= U h= R i cex hcR nw{_= fU
S
hx pf U R negU dU }Y @ Y n inh[L nfw dL

}eUn=
{x
|U iinbU neU hUnY ph[_edU j= U L

Y od]x rh= UY n L}ZY

a[= dU Y n[U hUncU dL
hi{U ~U px}B p=b_U pdnJ q> ngdex d ceU

n[U wfU }Y dL }eUn=

{x
|U nI neU

Y d[Y i ni @x
{I}Y n ni a[= dU Y

hwi oh]U }YjT n Yne> phiinS phAni Y ngHnH dL }hUn= Y~dx

nghdL o> }x R
|U }\U R SU
|U afU {L fY |A

gfUn=
neU R gfU L }_x
..hdL [x U {x
pe[_U Ubx ..nI gfUn= inU neU R ..UeU
gfU Y inU bU Y Rnf>
_R R dU dL }ex
U fU

= U `Y w nY
hU dU g@
nehR ai U nH i nfw nY T
gfU }wn^U lR px Y hAi nY w |w ..nI ph[i Y
..dU nb_U }_U
pf U h_i {bR hi nLn= n xnI nT
nfw gfU {i fR ..nw}hQ px |w Y U dL {wI {i {S
nehR pf U h_f= _fU
R pbd]eU negx}A
L neg_Y rx{U {_= n _S

R U {i ..ph[fU nJ R }>
ph\bU j= Ax neY
nZx

X md b e ? | w Q ? } T T zK { v mw me c a Q :inH US

mfg Q i d ] = h * | ^ = mfg Q
= T * a Y Q o e T
dHjT pf U _ i R n hQ}> @i fR .[ : J] [ =
255

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

c> Y ..gU h@U Y ni dL hZU ohUnH Y

w ph\bU c> dR ..neU |w R ph_x}Z>
|_x
` nfw

=
nghR nRnfY R ..nghR bx pf U R bx w nfw nY T
.{h_= Y ox}S Y pe[_U }caU

fR }caU |w {xk>
}bU }wK Y }hT :nS bx {S
Ub= .[ : J] _Q < Z K ... :Un_> Ub= bdi

d c S < X ac Q :Un_>
g
Q m
@|T

T v h g c K m

...me T | ` _= T me `h me d c J me <
:Un_> US [ : }bU]
v m< |a= ... :Un_> US [ : }L]
X mh b Q | YT
{

pLn]U {
ph[_eU Ai fR ..[ : }L] g
d Tm]T
c> p=U ..{I}U {
ni nL ..oi L
px`U
cx afU n eUnK
R fL }h_U }T neY
..dU inh[L B Y
.x}cU }bU

phiinbU ph[_eUn= >

ph[_eU pedT :U dL ohi

..oh]U }Y dL }eU
dL d]i nfU y[hR
nb_dU p_eU

{I}U {
bR nh[_U pedT
ngilR px`U pedT nY ..oh]U }Y

qh[L
{S ph>|U pxhi{U
pd[eU oin@ R cx {S {I}U cU
}T neT

L }_>
pd[eU nJ R cx

ngilR p=U pedT U|T ..px}B

nbhR px}B pxhi{U Yn= d _x nehR nT H j]U L @}U
.ai R n Y}Y
e_U L R n>
cx Y }\eU

od> U ph]U
}aU Y ng_fY ai ni d^x {bR d^U nY
nY ..}B nb_dU ng\x}_> dL d^U d]x {S ph>|U pA}U ngU
256

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R dU nbY U nHn= _ZU Y d]fx {S ilR peA}U }a`eU odJ

_= w |w ..UndU px_U U
U nRnfe= n[i n> }>
Y n> {S . pe[L Y R }h? U ncR
w }B pg@

nx {S ..h_fU w = phUkeU hdcU qhU pf U

~fU S ngijI w U d_i R nhi{U
{_= pf U w U j=
[A Y inY i w pUn? px Y ph\bU _U }hx {S U
> U }h`[U n_eU R nehH
S nhi Y ph[_eU
fU

.fU
gxn> R nL p]U }_> gincY U
@
Y fx neY

nw}h> U @n= >}x n nB n _ p[S

R _U }x {S

ex lR U ..pxngU fU
}nfL Y > }[f_T pe[_U ph\S

phini pddU |w Y U pbdU gR @ R ni px{=

phini a[= R dU pahdB w ..cU |w R {eeU

Y }hU }Q pg@Y R phU

ncR
p=}U h_x Y U {=
R na[U }U h_x cU j= U A> {S U phfw|U Jn=
p\S R SU U = k> {S pJnU |w Y >nSL n[i

|U ..nhU pT}A R {_U `U

f_Y gax i ..{_U `U

SU pg@Y R _\x rhA n hx{> n hx}> n =dH ph\bU |w qinT {bR

ohUnH phLi fxc> R _\U p_hJ =}> B Y }_hU

}cR U Y |BjhU Q R n]hZU ngL{x U pxdeU

{_H chU n]hZU Y pe{U pg@edU \R dH L phdeL

f_Y gahU }eU

}caU B Y phU
p=}U B Y {x{U

.n]hZdU LnJ R nghU gi U phU

snfU R {_U
257

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Y dU A R dB p[S
R }_i nfi :kH nfYnY x {S
pf U R h_hU {= bdx U U bdB {S dU pceU
U _h]U nceU qinT pf U j= Ax |U }Y |w }ai
hcR
~@ nT gU }Y |w w ..U L U nh[_U U
pLn]U pf U h= =}U }cR dL ~c>}eU gU ox{U phdeL Y
R }x{b> ncR nY R yfx U ij= dU dL Y ni L R
h= nRnfY R bY }hQ }Z= pf U R nbU }I Y U bdB
.x}Y

nedL ngx U phU }caU nJ R [U yi {S

{bR d> {S }Y R w ..}Y p`h Y R
R{U cx {S YjeU Y _aU [A w U R{U cx
B inex S
ngK LnJ YjeU B nY w
dU }Y R ^Ai neT _aUn= d _x }Q
nfw cx Y
= (U[A S _R U) U {x}x dU {U y=|= hw}=
Y nichU = dH R dU d]eU hdU pe^L }g^hU
{S
pg@Y dL ni ox{> w }B }Y L{U cx {S nfdU
neT beU R ngUnY U fhU p=}U dU \x}_= bU nA
.Q pUnA R

b_U n_R R }hT S w = U R dbL

inY
{i i

d T dU j= nfw }LU nY ..wfU }Y R ghUnH

= p]heU phLeU }^U B Y dex i d_x ne=

d_Y d_U nLn= n HnH hdcU Y fex nY {_= d_U

258

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

..c_Un= }Y hU d_edU

p=}U L {gH = _aU [A {gx U hdcU :n hin?

.}nU p=}U B Y pdbeU

cU hw}= p[S
R }Y Zx nfw }Y {i |w dL

.h_eU R pTn_Y pbx}]=

mh mg@ Q mfTTzX o<T

d c S < X ac Q
: }bU] g
Q m
@|T

T v h g c K m
[
nT ph\S R d T SeU dL pU{U _= px |w R _U
ph]U }>
hT >nhA bY R ni _x

@ Y n hx{>

p=U ph\S px |w qUnL {bR ..dU L {h_= _R{> hT ai R

ex j= Ax neY
dU Y nbdeU nhI n]i R ng_
d _x @ Y dU Y ngU nx ncR ngfL px}]R }cR px
dB {bR nedcU p_hJ nY ..hdL }ex
R j]U L @}x hT

H R }bU fL nf?{A
nghR }aeU
nY w w|U U }S cU

me T | ` _= T me `h me d c J me <
:Un_> US R [ px :}L]
T X h b e T me d@ |=
.[ : }L] w
| Gm

>nhA JnU af= SL j]U p_h]= he_U _ZU i
n hI nwnLn= dUn= pd[ Y ph\bU qhdR }h[Y ph\S dL >nHnc_i

dU Y ini SeUn= pd[ Y ngf cU in]dH ex

hU x
_SY R oi|U nb= Y _x neY
ai pd[Y Y aSe= SL {b=
peA}U }a`eU odJ cx }B nhi{U
R niU }hT nB
259

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

nB Y ^L nB R .}HnU }h[edU }hcU R}U Y n bd]fY

R ini {Y U|= }x i dU U }bU pSL ni
.()hbeU x}]U

b Q o e T ? ph

b G
:Un_> US }ha> R oT
mw
v m< |a= md H q g@ X
X mh b Q | YT

{
d Tm]T
G Q * g

R md f = G X md f e K mX md f T z g T m\ g YT
f h mX m
md Sm
md f T
v K md b <
* w
{
z Tm T X mh b = g b c X mh b = | YT

e T d T md b T h md f d Gm
| YT
mR md c Q | _< md v zQ * g
m
R
` Z w ma ` I md f = G md f T z<
md f < md v mh o e T X md f g c K m
mR * g
md b T R | YT
md b c = K md b f h T
X zK md b T u\ g YT
T X h b e T me d@ |= me T |` _= T me `h me dc J me <
R * w
m
| Gm

Q b T zK
R * g
@ T m
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m
X | a X

.[ :}L] ? | = mf e X =d = mfg Q g = mfg Q

i H Y U {gex
dU
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eU R necx}A
b G
:U nbR ..e_i
|B o e T ? ph
b Q ..inhgZ> i|d>

q g @ X
neY
ngfY n> nehR nwne?j=
v m< |a=
pY}Y
gR | YT
{
inY fY nec_fex md H

necgh@> R ecA SY Y qbd]i U dU w |w ..nechdL

_= L nfY R ~U SY Y phUkeU ng@> U
p=}> Y {=
R ..fL gfx = }Yjx nehR dU pLnJ @ Y inhgZ> nY
|w R U nec=}> {dR .. phdeL R ni pT}U U
. / :}bU A Y ()
260

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

nghR dU necfY U phaU @

gfU Y _x neY
I T
necincYlR ..}A hR p=_ }hY
n ahdc> nechU fY n[U
v m< |a=
mh b Q | YT
{
..x}J }x Y px{U p]bi R }hU

X
L }in= nghU hx gai ed^x x|U g
d Tm]T

neg_R{x > ~ RnA

negx{U cx U ..dU pLnJ R phUkeU B
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nY ..|Un=

p x nfw qhdR ..nw}e? ngdcI R ~heY

n hI e> }ZU qY

_fY pf U Y dU @}B |U hd= cU

..U R pdcZY

R }hx dL e_R ..nghdL }U

ngfY }S dex nT ngfcx

}hT
n_=
p egY
p h\S
}ZU |w Y _> U ncR negdB
x|d U A}U na[U dB{U U |w x
..neg>nhA R

U d ]U dbU gU
Y pahfL pUnA U ..dUn= negSL R neginZh_x

w d> ..negYA R >n? {x}x |U nhU ngax pYwY

nR

nhU SY Y }>
gR ..nw}wn^Y }T R {h_U A p[S

}= ni _Y hR
n\U }x
neT afU R }x
|U

ned T ..fU Un]Y U }x _Y h]x |U e`U

ngh]_x i i{@ L phbhbU

[U {_= ned T ni nhB

.x> }H ngcde> pYn

{LU }x
nY{fL ni {U ph[_eU x ~x |U w |w

[>
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U nhU nH dL dY dex neY
n Un@ nT nY{fL QdL
~hex
nY |w x{U neL
i U
nY fL }L

nbR wn[=j= bU ngbY}R pdhe@ }Y }eR

x =n h=
261

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`h Q z? dQ mf<mv n G T
xXI `T {v
:gU
R }hx {x}x nY w U .|XmS |X v mdhkQ =|X ~XgcQ m gH

n[> Y nghdL [x U gZU h= }R nfw hU i ..gai

..}B }Yn= n[> Y >}Yn=
ai R nhU }hx nehR
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{bR .. Q U =}> R hd= {= nY w |w ..ngU nH

eU nhU L ..beU L negU }cR ..pf U R nInL

nfw negR p_R}U deU pUjY R negU eJ ..nfaU dU L

U pfhije]U n_U nZh_x eh_i dU R pf U R

R n? pnU
bx}]= md f T
G Q ..pdcZY Y A}U

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}ca=
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n_ex pf U
L feU nedR ..}ZU |w {L nY nghR I
c=
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\L L \L ~hex
I U nadx hxnL }hx ninT }U

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}h> {x{U pdhB

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pHHU qU>
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R hd= }eH
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R ngT}hR
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md b < md Sm
@ngU |w nZh_hU

v K
R n? w
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z Tm T X mh b = g b c X mh b = | YT
gR ..}ZUn= U = ..dU }]hU deU eJ negdB
262

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

nghU nbd]inR ..deU }H

pagU
I
c=
dU }H
nw}e? R e>

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=
i phUnhU YA dH ph>|U >nAeJ }LnZY R
y fY _SY i
{h_= nghU bx |U {AU n> R }cax
L
_= nInL negdB R dbU _= }_ZH ne=
..phUkY T
..d T U x~x hd= nA ..negaSY R }U
SeU {TkhR

U @}dU nghR nY U pbx}]Un= negU

U p^d `eU nexn=

md b T h md f d Gm
{_x ne= ?U bx ne= YkeU }= ngbd]x
R
e T d T
d A
negU ph[fU x{b> R {g@ }B{x
i negU
m
..g
negd[Y w = ..Tjx Tjx R U pd[Y R
.. }hB

|cx dUn= dx dY
{Tkx
R pb=nH
p=}>
px new{fL cx U
pY}eU
}ZU d> dL S nS{[R
..x ph[fU
`x

| _< md v zQ ..nS|x pQ}U negU nI nY ng>}e? Y nS|x

}`U o= bU pdA}Y U negdjR p_hR}U neg@ L negU~i

| YT
mR md c Q {U ohUnH Y de_H nehR hR neg_S |U
_ZU neghai R r_x {= |U }_Un= }_I md f = G md f T z<

..hS ..S Y {gL = negU cx U {x{@ nA

R n_U ~Un=
ma ` I
ph[_eU o= negfL bR pf U w nU ndx ninT negi
` Z w
U U p@nUn= nA R nw}hU o e T X md f g c K m
}B } Y _dU U {Un= new_I B Y px~x}Q pbx}]=
_I nfw {= ..p=}U R nbaB nY R n]bH ..dU ed_x

..nc>}x ox nY nc> negi negU {= nehR ..}eU phUn= aB

263

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ne=
nInL {S nicx ne=
..}ZU Y T L negU dU gi }T|>

hT nR}_x {x{@ }Y |gR ..|w negaSY R i_ax nehR }hU _=

dU Y {fU newn@ nfw ..hR nR}[x
md f < md v mh
n ikY }T|Y

..ineh[L gfU |w neaUnB hcR | YT

md b c = K md b f h T
U ngf> U hT n]hZU pHH w w U R necA
w nY
U ..HH
g
md b T R
X zK md b T u\ g YT
fY neT|A
pceU Y U R |fY ..{U {_U {bU necU }e\x
U nB
x`hU niU {U
paS S ..U|= dU }Y
}\x

SeU |w U neTnS hT nx}> nei nw ..}h_U |L U bx

dU }x|> nhi hT ..p?ncU Y R pex}U negU qd e> ..hgeU

n]hZU {L L aQ pY}eU
pQ}U pHneY dL S hT ..negU

nZh_x {= ..neghdL _i negbdB |U dU }Y naUnB hT ..negU

negf cU ..}L|U }eU }Un= nA R cx nY eLjT {fU

xJ phdU }LnZeU |gU nedx U
..jhU {w R n]bx U
Y }T dU Y negdR
}aQ eKn_x |U x}cU }U
i Y

>}a`Y U n_d ]x eA fT U nL ..hU n_@}R ..h^_U oi|U

ne= me `h me d c J me < mR ..InU }L SY R i

..{x `x
U nfi ..nfaUnB nY nij]B
n SdY nfw [i

R nf>nhA R pb=nH pd?neY p =}> i U nfi ..x |cx

L nfdaQ ..odS ph]= {dU nfedHnR ..}B nSdY

nhA

ncR |w Y nfU hB
..U }@
ne=
Y phdU snfU T
R e_i
U nfi ..gf U nU }Y
yd[> {S nfai R nwn? U
264

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

YnY i nw ..hS cZ=

gf U }Y nY ni phUkY pR}_Y
Y bi nehR x{x h= cU ngd T nf>nhA nincR nf=dS U yai

U R _]i nfgi ni}YnR ..nf Y {x}> {x}> nehR n nxn\S

pUnA R YkeU ni phA w d> ..}i nehR _ai nehR d T
..p=Un= SeU pg@Y @ Y ..dU nY oi|Un= nfU }L

eA}= nfeA >}a`e= nfU }aQnR ..peA}U }a`eU dL [dU

T X h b e T me d@ |= me T |` _= T
gai }B x|U w
| Gm

eU U b> nY |w ..i >}a`Y dU peA}U gi{ba=

..hceU hceU }hbaU hU|U h_\U nin= hcR

neT pf U Y }Un= new}Y f cU ..neghdL n> negU dU }aQ

}aU nT ..n[L neT nh[L negi ..ngfY }Un= hd= }Y

i ..negfh=
S nefh= dU U }a`x dR ox U ph[_eU dL }[Y
K

R ..negU }a`R dU U p=U SY @

U \ v m
d e> |U U
h= }[U hR Zh_> |U _h]U cincY cU|R

R n]hZU d e> |U JnU h= _x}I hA R dU

^ T b [ ^ < HH dhUn
pT}ZY {LnS nfw hdR .. zK

h= pf U U kx |U dU x}J R }hU R ni pd[Y h=

nfU U nin= kx |U \U x}J R }hU R n]hZU pd[Y

Q b T
@ T m

}bH dB nfw hdR g
X | a X

LnY |Bjx nex hA}dU _Y ni jhgx
|U }bH w = ..
R ..
nhU gR ? | = mf e X =d = mfg Q g = mfg Q m
{e> |U eU w }I
} hB Y ni d_ax nehR pUkeU
265

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

sni @hU }S Y ni nghR r_x U {U w ..nhU pd_I hR

.()SY nSL neL Y ad B nehR phUkeU

T e Q R X T mh z f K z a T
:Un_> UbU }ha> oT

* < ~g
ob d c T me c R * m X} K T z h
c< z Q z G
* a Y Q o e T X md b e ? | w Q ? } T T zK { v mw me c a Q

= T
G Q * [ = mfg Q i d ] = h * | ^ = mfg Q
c X z c T | H c K T v mw m
R m\ g YT
S i Q * c w
g T

` Z w ma ` I md f = G md f T z Q mf e X
Z K o e T X md f g c K m
R * zv g c K m
m ^gd ? mf e X m\ v m
Q < m ?
> * _Q <
^ T b [ ^ <
[ w Q
zv = d Q zv e X b e g =i w mX kQ zK
| K X * a Yw
^ X T kQ | S K
o X mg a T w | Y h m be o Yg
R * |gZ < pe
R * d K
= T{ S m
S z R d K e=| Y @ T m

.[ :J] e
= g T T{ S mf ge Q me = mw

R
nxU Y
T
ni rx{A U }bU _x
i hU h
x A }Q p=}> nY bx {S |U ini _\Un=
}_x
ilR nw~gfx ngfY {ax U U p_x}U pinU p}aU ex
[U
|g= n LR{Y nwngi U nx ilR U|U .{= nY}dU

|g= qhU pUjeU j= pdcZeU R SU {_= Zcx ?

.ewU
nT {bR U |g= qhU LeU ph=nx snfU pL}U
?
n >n? n Y }T \R {h@
sni dL [x }[x incYl=

ini }iU U
}g^eU nLn= hd= dL n e }bU ]x

. / :}bU A Y ()
266

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

phin]hZU phigZU }LnZeU hR }hx U Hx niU fx~x

nehR
}B |U |w j= n e }T|hU hbeU }[U L = }f> U
nghR }ex
nhI p_hJ o= ceeU Y nT {S .pf U Y n=

{b_U Y n S]i ngfY inY}A pf U L n_= R B{x

{S Y
.pxj? pbx}]= }>
U px}[f_U
R }x
{=
|w Y _h]U Y
nx [[bU U

.nb_U U xeU pYn_U

]U H

nfh [ : J] R X T mh z f K z a T
{S neY

ni|A

{bL
Y }T U ex |U hd= x= }i p=}> Y g@x
R Un= }Y p=nH L n_=n= dU peA L n_= |fY
R e_x
. n\Y _I
U ex U |U qSU

U cU
dL }eY b= new px{U
|BjY |Bjx U eU L

nY e Q nhIU g@Y R phRn[U pJnU pxa_U

ni}T
B

n =nbL x n h_x}Z> }Y c> U U phgU ph[fdU nY }R =

>}> nehR YU _h]U ]feU Y }x
n xnI }Y nT = n h~@
he[U Y ~_U hf_x nehR m X} K T z h T
snfU =

ng>nY{be=
h_x nT i b=
SeU A R x}> |hafU dL
p=}U nY}U nY }ZU _\U
pA}U nR nY pbh\U

.{h_U ox}bU bedU

?{eU
{hU
pe[L pxncA L rx{U nY R nfU

bhU oinU |w R p dcZY }hx R fU

S nT SeU |w
w = n hahdc>
n inh[L aUnY cU n xUY hU }Y j= _U

267

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

~U Y dL dH
}?
}x R ph[fU Zx nI }Y

{x}x i}bU dH dL {hTjU nY R nfw i = ..p_x}ZUn=

nhi ph[I L {>
U }caU YH nffw R e_x

B R ec> n_U R }H nfw j= Ax |U eUn=

p]bi Y }T nfgR ..ph[ZdU ph>|U n[U w nehR gh[I

cex ..{U }U p_hJ R ini xcdU p_nB _

.pHneeU [U
Y dL dH Y }T \U }>

[ : J] < ~g

ob d c T me c R
c< z Q z G
mw me c a Q {
phdU phfw|U h_x deU |w j= Ax neY

|hH [ : J] ? } T T zK { v
necU {hcx {g@ T

{h@
h[L
hini
j? pbx}J pbx}J
Uj=

hU inR x}[fL

Y |hR {L
]]B >nedT T
Yn_x neT _Y Yn_>
Y {_U

X md b e ? | w Q na odS phJ Y n S]i U dx

U L {_= neT dU peA L {_x nhH i a Y Q o e T
dbY R nbZU U odhR hU f> U ..x}[fL
B Y

..nbZUn= n]U }R U n g@Y

{g_U nT neU ..{h_U ox}bU

n inx
nghR h_R [ : J] | ^ = mfg Q
= T
n_I
Y }? nfw hU \U {_= }eU eZU }A L {h_= n hHnT
}U
Y bx cY R nfT U p@nU e>
A eZU }A

.}U
R m\ g YT
U z c T | H c K T v mw m
g T
G Q
c X
c w
nghR nfR U nhU dB ]L ngfY qdT
268

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

~w YL nY b> pbd]Y pe pf]dH

Y hdL eZx nehR
.bU

deU dU R phini negYA dL naU nA |cw

nT |gU dU ph[_eU Y U {bL neghR }hx Y SnU
phdU snfU L phA}U pda`U >|U }x|U dH w =dH
.hU nedH new}^f> U

{S nehR phde_U aSY R ni hU fx ox |U w |w

}LnZY R U dU pT}A dL {hTjU Y n]hZU hU Hx
`Y ph_S }hQ pbx}]=
px}caU pda`U A}U nB}H pUnA
Y UnhU oinU U {ZY d_x neY
i{@ R ngU \x U
Y pda`U SY Y }fhR }hT hdS R ngU pZSnfY Y ncR
n Yne> {A neT SU @ Y dU @ Y LU SY
eA dU aL K R ngeh_i pf U n_= ne_fx ninT nY{fL A

..nfw pdcZY negx{U hdR nZx rhA pf U Y x

i
hd= Y cx dR
`Y neghU H
negU~_R pda`U oin@
T B Y SnU deU dUn= }hcaU U neg_R SU L
U ..ngfL dU newngi U }ZU Y
deU dU nR}_U {h@
}cR
phi new = }I Y T _a= [> U nhI Y nhU
negf cU inaU SnU deU nhU eU }Y de> U phgU
.A Y pT}eU
ph>|U hHnAn= ZeU UnhU dU
nedH

dL feU }bU Y d]fx |U SeU w eU SeU

beU Y ng_SeU ph_SU }^fU dL nhIU phLeU pH{U
269

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Y }hcU pd[eU YA Y }hT a x ni dL }ax neY

.nhU R p=nU aSY ncR

nA Y U hf_x nehR md f = G md f T z Q mf e X S i Q
|U }_Un=
~U n_Un= _Y _ZU nZh_x neY I h]`x

R I @U nL}Y Y pJn= nT}x

ninT |U qSU R

c> U ngYA nwncR R ph]U pUjY }Un= Ax negx{@

..L @= }_Zx ninT |gU .negx{U _ZU pb]fY R

pb]feUn= _ZU {hU w U

R i~x nehR ni ph[I Y phaU

R pfYnT hHnA ncR Y dB

.|U
` Z w ma ` I
naB ph]`> phdeL R o e T X md f g c K m

L {_= _Q < Z K
|U {I}U B
n_U Y d >

|w cU
pxf_eU pxneU >nhA R A hR nY U ni bx

eL R {b_Y pUnA cx U hU n]U }i

}a> |U

pUnA w = fY ncai dex >

}[f_T ph]dU H hdL
U nL R B{U nw{I U > ?
p^U pda`U R }`> phini
.{x{@ Y pYnbH

ogZ^X |`h
gS

n Y[_Y n hi
nLn= ph[_Y L cU dL R }hT rx{A nfw

R R}i Y eeU e> U pe[_U Y fU

pa }a> nehR

}[>
U px L ned_U nx h]U nbY R L{U nbY
A hdc> eL Y qhU pf U j= n> hx ..ph[_eUn=
270

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

Y c>
qhU ph[_eU j= }B [U j]U pdcZY n?
}\U x nI }Y w = nb_U ~U x ahdc> }Y
}i SY L {h_= ni nhA dL }h?j> }x |U >|U
}B rx{A {x ..eedU pYn_U
}caU

nhUn= }\x
|U A}U

R fcY }H
R fU
L nL w w pe[_U L
Y {Ux |U
d]fR >nhA R phUkeU pT}A L nL w fL [afx cex
L}x |U gU ]d U nH dL ng>nwn> Y }>
ng_SY Y

R S
p_x}ZU nex oin@ R UnH}U {U ngfex U

q> R ~w pUjY dL Qn cZ=

n\i ~U
pT}A U p@nA R phUkedU pAnH nfw cx U lR .._\U nbi
yd][eU f_eUn= i
pUjY }B }hx ..ph[ZU R pe[_U
R }>
nw}cfx {bR hdU L{U B
pUnH @ f_x |U fdU

ngx {S L{dU pAnH cx cex |U eeU {baU _U

>
ngi nH dL ..}B _U
{fL phdbeU pUnU R }>

n\i phA}U px}caU {LnbU L rx }h` eY U

pe[_U oin@ L rx{U Y }hcU px |w n? |cw de_U
i

|Un=
nhi {U
L f=
nex B Y nL cZ=
|w R dhna> R B{U R {nR }hT {i neY
hU nfeU nehR
:h]bf= ngfY {hai nff cU ..}haU rU
Y }T R ni R }ZU _\U Se= bd> fU
:T
.x{U ph_h]U SeU L {_x |U necU }a> SY

nY R penQ pH{bY
pUnw fU
]_x {x}x }bU :oghmT
271

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

gR R _hJ cZ=
}x
R{x {x}x = [U
U [Un=

Y dB{U e_U L Zcx |U }wn^U {_U B Y ph[ZU

pT}A }wn^Y Y e_U pR}_Y R nfU ngcdex U pxn_U nHU B
..R}_eU pdhHU nfU dex |U aU oinU L {h_= ..y]U
.= nbLn= hdc> nfw nT neU @Y oinU U nT U rh=

}nA n _n T}x dR afU nB hU na] < m ?

>
= U yR zv
Q ..()L}R p\S R
fL g c K m
S
SY Y nhU @x hbeU x}]U dL U eA

U _x inH dU _U
n]hZU Y }[U pAnH R
dU
LU pT}A nghR nex phx{>
}R pf U R nh[_U p=}> Y

..nx}U pinhU @{U `U

|cU hR }x
|U in]hZU

U pahdB chU dU {L
U U ~fx S }caU ~hU
U nH dL pf U Y @}B JbH p=}> Y {hahR nghR
Y }Q
|U n]hZU nY R bU nax dL e_x hT
SY UnH}U Y _x hT ph[_eU phin]hZU {b_U SY
_ZU h_x U dU |cw ._ SY niU nhdU S

.hR }x
U {x}x nehR U x{w fL dU n}=

R
^ T b [ ^ < m ^gd ? mf e X m\ v m
ngUnS hd= ngUnS zK
{bR ..A
{U d \x {x}x hd= |gR negfh= {b_U {Tj>

phA}U pxneU ~@U gYnY \x dU x}J L g= }fx

ex pUnH}U ex dL e_x |w ..dU h= gfh=
.ax neT dbU gH Y (L}R) pedT }wn^U ()
272

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

U {_bhU fY |hU n]hZU =nhU {_= Y pUnH}U

T
dU ngUnS ..dU d T x{U
chU dU dL ngd T nhU ahU ..{}Y

ex |U de_U
nfU B
gU B
sYni}U gU h= ?
..gU

w i a Yw [ w Q
zv = d Q zv e X b e g =i w mX kQ

g>n_H gU b x |U hbeU x}]U U nfU bx |U hU

B Y U nhi{U
nhU kI Y L{x nehR |Bjx nehR
w{ax nehR gd[x nehR bdU hR dU }^fx |U UnH}U sYni}U

.()deU = hx ne= dU hx R = }hU U|= Un_U w

qT oA

[[bU }hU Y n hIne> Q p[S

dU \R {hU
sU nL nfdS neT
cex nw}hQ }bU H Y Y {L
di
R x}cU }bdU
:UnUn= pUn_eU |w R U phHnH ncR
T o\aeT

R
d c T < m
o b
:Un_> UbU }ha> dU \R {hU
}J
? h
Q Km
n> [ : }bU] ... ^ = T mR o ` gc A

neL

_R S neY
i @ kH p`h R
n hbhbA U nT

|{fL
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pUjeU p_h]U nh= nA }x}b> U cx nY }S U chH
dB R ncA nehR Un_> US R neT dH |w dL pdY {_i
g
^ mI me g = m T mR m v| S m K I mg negU nS neU

. / :}bU A Y ()

273

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ne= Un_> dU fxcU negL\B ox}bU n@ px .[ : qd[R]

hiS Y neghR L
pe?
hU ecA > R neg= }h> ph_hJ

neY
negiT }R {_= eU Un_> dU h= bhbA A

.]fx b_x

hU nU }x}b> pceU Y Un_> A cx cex U|U

_R S neY

Y U |w R @U gai nfi =}bx nY _U

.

d _> U nxn\bU Y n UnQ d]fx >nSdY Y dU A pceU

eY cx nY gahUnc> g>nhUke=
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.n g@ U }_i nY |gR nwnx

Y dU \R {hU
}T nY :negU }Y Ynbx neA |w

}bU }wnK Y {_U }x

pceU Y U R @U b_> {L
|U
Y = {_Y
n hI d_i nfi :neghin? ..|gT A S dL {x
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~x U ilR neA |w eU dU \R {hU

}bH Y U|U
U ?jeU nx}U p^AY Y pnB
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=

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()
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: T|eU neA dL f_x hdL }x :nS

|U hU{U :
T o@x dU \R {hU

f_x = {H

. / :}bU A Y ()
. / :nhadB ()

274

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

h@= pcedU {U
Y n Li ph\bU R :bx gR n hbhbA U

ghU @
kH pe?
cx f_x U w~L ngK ghU kU
pcedU {U
}R Y }T nehR pZSnfeU cex cU ._aUn=

Y {U
}R cex = @ kH pe?

cx o@x
n x}x}b> U T Y }R ceeU Y i _SU kU {L
w}JB R x neY
\R {hU
pceU ai R neL
}_x

R >jhH neT eU nhU Y i f_e= U }Rn= bx dU

.phinU p^AeU

nL }x
U R @dU R}_Y {L L }T nY :m ghm>
.n h}R n hUnhB U

\R {hU
n hUnhB iT Y }T nY hdL }x
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U T n_H dU
@ kH p`h R S neY
n hbhbA

.UnhB i f_x

p
{[= nx cex nY pdcZY dU \R {hU
sUnL U|U
SU L hcx ne= nB d ceU {[S }T|R
{L nB

}eU SdU =n]Y i {[Un= nB |w dL cdU }eU

w

.()fL

U ?jeU rxnA R }x
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dex oU }_x nT ilR n hbhbA
U T pUbY L{>

pe[_U qh= w lR ..bx neT = }caU ehU n\x nH

./ :}bU A Y ()
275

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

.pbhbUn= }B {S R}_x R

L R n bhS cx U i hU nI nY dL }x
dU \R {hU

U n hbhbA U T pUbY L{> U ?jeU rxnA R}x

nA }x}b> i U }R pUbe= ~x U dU \R {hU

}wnK dL ne=
{x~> nB dL nB |w eU n Y}A
.pex}cU nx

Y dU \R {hU
}T nY dL Rx i _U }T :m ^<
_R S neY

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{_= phbhbA
U |w T dL _U |w {H
{S pbhbA

Q c K h gT :Un_> US ngfY pex}cU nx Y

me d c b = f v

p[S
R nY [ : x] b w hmS md < f c ? zf Y= f wz w
c K = @
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X c A de T mf w mw o c dh p T mR de T
md g c G b e d \ w b e Sm

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e ?

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d T
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T

X |g S
m

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T

b
d T

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= f a ` =

m
T

mf e c d w g < i Q m
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c K o h mX me | K mh
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.[ : ~A] f ? m Xc J mS h mh

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276

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

cex neY
nY dL cZx
U }hQ U ]fU nSdeU
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.]fx b_x neY

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nY _U |w pZSnfY dL } x

dU {x Y nghR nY n? pex}cU nx Y = {H
nY

ned_U h= {@ Y
n T _I ..neU nU
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nghR _x pYnhbU x Un_> dU ngb]fx ngfY neA {L

deA
{U nY g^U ngg@ Y }gK neU nghU oi nei n YT
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o KmI m ^d G meg^T
T pTmR
a w md
n
m= z

@
T zTmS

}T U dL
ilR n A@}Y _U }T nY cx U lR ()x}aeU

.bfdU yd[x hcR px }ha> R neA {A

lR nU eU yh> R nU U|T
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S
x~fU w px R }eU yhU w U Y n x}S {A
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i ng_in dL nSdeU |w {>
Y S nUn= yhU }T g\_= = H phgU R T}Zx

()

/ :hgU jeU {[U }bU }ha> / :nhU eY / :nhU @ ()

R {x{U / :{U nhfbY / }ZU heU }wU / :nS{U ~fT
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./ :IncU / :{x{U / :{U nhfbY
277

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

.nd Un= yhU

| YT
e T
:Un_> US }ha> R {haeU zhZU oT {S

z w

d T
Q X T z w c T | = T :US [ : eA}U]
Q X
T

: sU] | YT
m

e T | d a T ~
d YT
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~L
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gU }Y cx dU \R {hU
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pf U R nbU }I Y U dB Un_> dU }x{b> cx U|=
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L B dL nf= U .}Y p`h Y R ng=
Y ~@ Q n[U }Y cx cex U|= ._R }Y
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U phx{U
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. :=nU @}eU px}c_U neU ()

. / :}bU A Y ()
278

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R pQ pe?
cx Zi fR nhi Y }h`U pfUn= dU
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rhA !!R {geU
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.()..phinY }Y nghR phx{>

h= n S}R pe?
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nbx ne=}R
n LY cx neU pbhdU px{= ex Q xeU
inH dU U }hQ nged L U neHn=
neT gU ox{dU
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ox{> hd_> Y nY
~@ w gx{> gehd_> lR R pe

nx |U w nhU nhi ehd_> Un_> dU ox{> phdeL Y

.hd_U ox{U phdeL >
ng= U pbx}]U

{i dU \R {hU
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L{= neY
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ni ... :bx oT nhU bx H =nT R
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R jZfx U |U
phAni Y R pRU pHneeU dwk>
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niU }R U phnfH pin\U L x}cU }bU }L
{S
A
T

ph pfhfU |w R Un_> dU bA pf Un=

()
negU aT }bH nH
. n@nU T
. / :nhadB ()
. :=nH @}Y nhU bx H ()
279

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

:bx oT phf`Y @ {eY zhZU nedT R }caU |w {i

U ngfY }U ?
pf U B Y pecU w nY :j> ...
ne=
:U eU {_= pf U U phin? >L @}B ?

Y nf= w ngfY {hax ng= afx p=}= }ex pecU qinT
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|w U _x {_=
x{A R dU \R {hU
Y :oTmT o\aeT
ngUnL U ncR w
pdw
L
{x nY A nx cex nY pUjY =}> [S
..Q [L hS Y }h_U = nehR x}cU }bU }wK Y
{TjR
}h_U |w e= x}cU }bU R nY ZdU

{x
hR nY ne=
gfU |w = [_eU fU
w Q Y ph[_eU { dL
}_x
aUnY ob_> cex U snfU U {I}x nI gi
.()gU nb_dU

T mh z f K z a T
:Un_> US }ha> R dU \R {hU
{T nY |w
gU }Y dL {T hA [ : J] ... e Q R X
sni Y fx nY nd= n xnI }Y nT = n xUY }Y cx U Q
()

}haU w neT }U R }aR

e Q }ha> R U|T oSL
.p_hZU x}aeU
L {fL }_eU

ph[fdU nY }R = ni}T nY e Q :dU \R {hU

nS
()
R nJn]U {hU
oT {S . ..n h_x}Z> }Y c> U U phgU

./ :IncU ()
. / :}bU A Y ()
./ : . ()
. . ()
280

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

i }U L = }L
}_Y nhfU .. :mR e Q }ha>
ne=
.()}> i ZU Y

=nT R _U n^AY dL hd_U } {i U|U

n_U _U phJnbU
phdeL B Y pUjeU |w R nhadB

. {fL ph[_eU {[= bUn= A> ne= }baU

=nT R _U |w dH
ncI U }hZi x ne=
cU
n> ..negU }aQ .. :dU \R {hU
Ubx nY dL n bhd_> nhadB
..ngfY }Un= hd= }Y neT pf U Y }Un= new}Y f cU neghdL
i negfh= }aU nT n[L neT nh[L negi
ph[_eU dL }[Y
K
U p=U SY R @ S nefh= dU U }a`x dR ox U
ReU :nhadB =nT R _U |w ocR .()..negU }a`R dU
}[>
hd= ph[_eT qhU ph[_Y :nbx {hb_U
pe
dL }eU w ..inH dU dL }e>
cx U Q
.()R qhU w

nhH R d T n@ dU \R {hU
T j= _U }T nY }x cU
U Q
}Y paUnY Y w = }e>
dHj= Un_> dU _x
phgU naUneU Y i
Y dU }a`x [_eU nI
> y
U|U w}hQ }^i R naUneU Y c> U
}T g=
nbe= }L gi n inh[L ngi}x gi nh[_Un= g>naUnY
.U n Yn^L nfU

./ :~heU ()
./ :}bU A Y ()
./ :nhadB
()

281

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

n_eU L U rx{A R Qx{=n_U x nY L U|U

= dU [L nY jR n _I n_edU :nbR
ph[_Y w }cU

ph[_Y w }U x}RncU Y nT }cH = hA hd=

gR ()dbR nB { A rhA = ph[_Y w {U ?

..A
.! = hd= h= >neU nY dL }_x

.}T nY nU pfhaH ()
282

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

gv|< oZR

nei n YeL hw}= p[bU

}ha> dU \R {hU
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w px{hAU dA}= he> cex neU }ha> R A}I nY dL }[bi
dU hdUn= ngi oTcdU bAY R dYjx
cU R d ]x

.{AU
\R {hU
}T pdA}U |w q}L U pex}cU nxU }ha> R
:hUneA dU
R n@ }hca> phdeL R dYj>
R Qhw}= cx :mdvz@
.{AU dU hdU U gfhU bUnB gfT cU

U cx :mdfghm>
YS {U LU nH phdeL }Y

.Un_> dUn= nex U g= U }hcaU dL g\x}U

:bx dU \R {hU
oT

nfU ngY{bx
U ..fU
hw}= ph[I neU |w R nf_Un]>
..pxa_U p_h]U phini pJnU A}U na[U @ R }bU
..nhI pbhbA Y = bd> nehR px}U UaJ ni R Y> U

x{x hi R U
pYH hfhL R }^fU }= B Y }cahU

fR .._SU U
Y x{U nehR edx ex }x nehR

283

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

d cx |U ni ph[I phi}bU [U B Y hR }i
TnZeU ZU phA x{U yedi x}BU ngUbx U nedcU
ph[ZU hR {wnZi = ..>nSL Un_R R TnZeU L rx |U
nhI eR
nA oin@ Y nhIn= >}> U ph_SU p]hU

{
b=
ohUnH pR}B naU x~> L {h_= ngneHj=

.nex ph_S

nf {_x |U h= Y aSY R = bdi U [U aR

nH Y SedU R}U bU
ncin= @hR ..YS nw{_x U

phbT {Yn@ nA w nf |gR .nghdL ~c>}x U }caU \R}U

ngU ~hY }_U R @eU nA
ng]L {S ni {x
|U w ni nT lR ..h?ne> U ngUR
[U yYY _=
{x f gR ..nA }nH L ng= d> U ~heU d> nwn]L
phwU w ..phwU }H
nghR |U Y ..U pgU c> hcR
{bU f_> phwU ?
w dx f[x I
.d> f[> S
w neR phbhbU ngYY Y hf_> nehR d]eU f`U nhU d_U
nhI qUA
U nw ngf cU ..h?neU |w R d T U yYY

..pgU Y R pH{S
Y [>
{nbL U pUb_eU }hQ

pS}I px yedx }cR ..hT ..pgU nf |w | > hcR

= ..{h_= {h_= Y U hdL }h> nehR pbhbdU
hU ^U nfw nY T
pbhbdU hL Y R JnS cA U nU x
nfw ..nh\U

Y pbd]feU
.x}B ]B R \U yYY {>
U {gU B
h
Q X R
X
.[ : n_i] g
284

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

nhI d `x ..Ynx ngx |U od[U SeU i

nY U SeU R{x = }H `=
{h_= ..pA} c=

{hb_U ph\S ..h=j= = pSL ng}a> U pSnhd U pdYneU L

U pbhbUn= ni pSL nS_dU aJn_U oindU \>

.nT ni
j=
pSL px Y S dUn= ]=}>
nT U neT neU U d ]x hw}= {wnZi phinU [U R

U {x{@ p=}T ngg@x px hA> nehR gR }Y

nw{wnI

U
pT}A R nin_eU Y p=}U hf_> nehR U S Y ng= dx

neU Y b_eU U eU Y nbiU }hcadU neT }[U

n hI U f_> {Yn@ px R n b=nH nw{wnZx nT {bR ..f_eU U

R [U he> }eU
h_U R [U nc_i hf_x nY {be=

..phYhU >nhA R pxn_U >nRUjY Y ni = bdx nehR {@U

T{ S
U px}U {i |cw

:Un_> US R }bU ngfL {x

m

px}U w [ : n_i] ..
b c X g
d T
v| < | h

U YjU
Y {x~eU B{U R }h> U pbS {eU p[AnaU phLU
d T X b gT
[ : n_i] g
eR
:Un_> US hU{= nfH

{= ..hbhU B Y pLnfbU dL r_> U px}U ngij= Ax neY

oTcdU g>nL R YS nw{b_x U {nb_dU dbL }_H R }cax

|cw ..nU n? @ Y }>
ph> nTnY ..eZU }ebU

hfU pL R p_x{= R neU R }?nfeU oTcUn= bU

Y}eU ^U |w odS R Zx x n TT yeU neR ..xcU

A}U
ZU }cR dL UH pL}U @ hdL }]hH A

285

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

h^_U U w |w hU hR
{h_U R R ngU n_ZU |w nY

{h_U dL R R d_> p@nU }caU hU nfU {_x

|U
hU [> U h]> ZB pw}= n[= hU d ]> |U
R m S S g c T g c K ? md c Q ..gfT {>
v m
R ..< {
fL rx nU oh]U
aZcx U U neT nfU T
ni pB}

R eU pagU R {=n_U ZB R hU S ijT }hQ {A

v
}hT }H
pedcU |w
ne=
nex pLnR{i
R ..< {
L {h_= ng> R nw{TkhU
ngaZT U pbhbUn= afU AhU
T

oTcU {= xngi Y }bx hd U {= ..ox}U ZU

nA
..h_U L q=nQ A qg> ..qg> {= ?
ngin_eU {ba> oZ>

U @ R U n {bU ..nfw nfw ngbAx nA

..}hT w R h_x nT {bR ..pBn[U pbhbU U qaZci ..n[dU

{U \U e> U bU
oTcU R {bR

i Rjx U cU
Y Rnfx U pLfeU
ngT}A L {_> cex R ngd T nhU R

~w
..phA

}hQ phA
@Y Y hR neU cdU pbd]eU pxnL}U

_ZU eUnL R {hb_U }caUn= }x {= ..{x{@ Y >nLnfS

n@ m
R Q md c Q ..Rn[U
.[ : n_i] g
c Q

n_ZU nT cU pL hdU na R m P m< | d a T md c Q

U d x |U ngU fU Y n bR cU dL bdx }AnU \aU

An= nghU AhR dbU }x |x|d U {Un= nghU AhR h_U

|U U na ZU R`= ngad `hR p_h]U dL ]x

}AnU |x|dU

U h= pinbeU {= ..A |d U Y }hcU }hcU ngSnR R }hx

286

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

fU |w h= }hT {g@
R n fw n _Y nfhU >jx |U TcU fU
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w |gR Y |w xjR R

R ..fL rx nT |U gU }U
v m
R _Y nL ..< {

R ex |U ifU }U
|gU n_U [U
Y phA pUnA

..qgx n_ZU {= jR ..}AnU ngU fU Y ph\R

p_]S neU

x U ow x ..{x{@ Y hL R }hU qbd]i ..oh`x ?

ngaH nYL q
..Rjx oh`x UU cex w ..nQ

=n\U [U
R nL ..w x U w Y n> A R

x{gx gfT }_x |U }Un=

Hx

..Yn`U R n`U geU

R Q md c Q ..h\x \x
< hz f w T T m
U hU H
h S
..pbhbU }^fx nY [ : n_i] g
a T X
T m[T
..i{@ hdL |BjR pR{U phw|U ng_Ij=
eZU qS}I jR
R o P m< ~
v < {
v m
..eZU A xjR | S {
md c Q
d YT
fL rx |U U w c> {=
R ..oTcU }ebU A Y

.._Z> sw>
w ng_=nx {= ..}hT na[= negfL ~he>
ngi
ne@ n S}I nhA n R d T cU e>
R }x
~gx
= lR ..

{= ..nY ..cU ..pbR pxhA

{Y S
qg> w ngR ..}cax

..Y K R cU }> ..Rj> oh`> ?

..n\> nc> }>
oh`> qY nY ..>S
>{S R nhU h_> n gU c> cex hcR
ehR pB}[U dJ .}R K R d T cU pTn> geU Y

nehR ..eZU }ebU oTcU {_x x|U nfU kw Y UA

ngx}_x U pbd]eU pbhbU i nS Y qS R U hB
I

287

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R p c Q md c Q ..ox
: n_i] S | Y= md X
| < h R mw m
_Z_x {_U ~x {_U Y qbd]i U nSdeU |w Y .[
dL }e>
R
|w T
..ng>]B Y ]B ng>nT}A Y pT}A T

..{eU nhI |w cx cex dU phT}I nwn>

R ..{bU bU
=
R ..}T U Y ^L n hI cx {=


m

m h mX m `ge@
d T
| \ Q {c T f ? p f ? h ..U
.[ : n_i] g
S | Yd T X

w dU j= AjR
dS R hL R nex pS}I qbR{> |cw

neT 
x dU ..>{S ni nhI nhInT I
b_Un= {
x f cU ed U }[U eUn= }B @eU 
>
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S ..nai pfhije]U pA}Un= ng_Y A
c=
U p_}U phinex
L pxnfT nfw @U g@ T
hU
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L
nY n [dY n ahfA dU U ng>n_d ]> ng>nSL
}i B
pLn]U \Un= @U dbU b_U hU @>
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U j> U {eU @U cU
{_= nY ..g
S | Yd T X m h mX
..pgU {L R nfU ngx U
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nTnY w ..hw}= {U nex x}J R U pdA}U w w
288

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

oTcU phwU Y nfU {b_x nehR = p]heU @U ph}_H

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n_= SY Y U Rn[U i{@U ]feU nY nga_ ngwna>

nLn= nx R bU
ngfY =}S {_= ngfL
_= aSeU ]_x neY
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dL }e>
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d _x nehR A phU

L nghR nf?{A
U pb=nU px nhH h]i {S ..fY hw}= SY

aSeU =nH SeU |w nw{_x U nf A h= hw}= T

cdeU ngfL dU nf?{A
U px}U U pRnn= |w ..{nb_U |w Y
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Y {> ngi p@nU px}[U px}U qhU ngUB Y }hcaU }h>

Y hR nY U d ]hU nhU dL hfhL nghR yax U p^d U |fY ni
d T X b gT
g
eR
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g = g S h .. pedc= bdU U U nI [ : n_i]
T c < m
R X j = T m
R = d T
[ : }bU] ..c R d \ g T b
UB Y efx
{x}x |U }caU pUnA h_x nT hw}= j= Ax neY

ncR >nYd_Y
U nhI c=
ngT}A ng>n? nghdLnR ng>S
~T}>
|U }[U @hU nw Zx nehR A ..ngg@> U nx{U
nY

R @}U _\U }_> S

.neU T
pLnfS nain= Zh_x
289

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

px{= R q?{A {S p?nU c> =}bx {bR

neA nY

R }={>
nhIU d ]x {= UaJ
phdeL R U R }cax
Yj>

afU U
Y hAi |U w |w _U
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{x |U oTcU @x hw}= w |gR ..px = A> |U nU

pw}Un= }_ZhR ..^U odS R }Zx f cU .. {h_= {h_= n hUnL n hUnL
_ex nT neY
|w pagd U Y R }[hR ..pL}U
n S]i ..=

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n@
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c Q

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.f^U nw |w

nhH h@U bA R hdYn_dU cex ..hUneA T R

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nx lR ... :nJn]U {hU

R

bx }ha> Y }B Y
Y R ni hw}= }Y b>
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v
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296

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297

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x~f>) =nT R {gU dL \>}eU x}ZU }T|x ne= i

zhZU nw}T U @U neA Y }T nY dL >jhR ()(nhi
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g c T g c K ? md c Q :Qhw}= L n hTnA Un_> US f_Y
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298

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m

g
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Y~dx

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299

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300

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301

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YT Zx
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nY nx |w R pLeU Qhw}= p[S

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}aeU hU ni n= I I YS n= = nx
nehR Q

oTcU }Y R d cx ngijI R bU rAnx nf L jx {i

YS pnB
nfU _f[x ne= U {gL Y kH eZU }ebU

m Xme z ^ h T mR * z ^ = mX :YS h= bx nf R hf?U

R * g
| [ w b h ^ ` ew * K z = b h ^ d w v m
`SmK mf T ] e Q
.[ :}_ZU] c ^ ` w T{ S mh m< mh z ? < T mR *

QnT {S n ef {_x n hf? {wnZx U n ef }x U Y T |gR

nT gR nY~U Y pw}= gfh= nL {S {dT =n= w phf?U {gY R

U nex nfU }hb> h?neU |w nY :QfY }h_U |w Y
= }S
ne= ngU }bx
nfU hdL ng_\x |U eU ng_\x i
mX
:QHeU L}R bT ngR}_x ijT \aU pH{bU Y
na T S .[ :}_ZU] g
cA nehR P fdU
pcY
d T m^ T

| S { w { T { v } v h { w | ` S w
{ T
:Un_> dU

.[ :nhi] | Qm S v d @ |T
| S {< v b f T
h= n]B R e_x nT nY Qhw}= {_x

cU
:Qhw}= U nS @}Un= {w
= }J A he@
.[ : x}Y] m g ` @ < mS h < T | ` _ G i G g c K G

}hb> e\x
nY cU Y g@x nY hU bdx {_eU eR

= }hhR pinw xZU U R {fL pH{beU

gU jI
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L n ahfA hw}= pd Y w U pd eU |w R inH dU gi {S phf?U

304

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

U hT}ZeU pgU oH
nS de= hedeU g@x nY gfY U }hx

X K z w w
c K | g _< z K c T g Q c T
{ T =
:Un_>
.[ : n_i]

`Zx nf }Y R YS n= = nA
neY
}aU {_= Qi ?

< { v
:n TT neU
bhR eZU }ebU oTcU w ng=n=j=
md c Q bx ?
m P m< | d a T md c Q :bx ?
< { v

v < {
v
ijT Y }h_> n \x }h_U |w | S {

o P m< ~
d YT
f_eU |w dL pU }h_U y n eI }eS n TT }x U
v < {
v
}_x Y T |w lR | S {
:eZU R QUS
ngU _\x nfU {x i }hQ oTcU }ebU new nY eZU w nY
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{x}> |w nY :b> j> }Y w @ {> ni yI qx
R }Y :nbhR ni I i Y {x fY d_> i ZU
nY b> ne @ hA w ni {> n I qx R w
UnA Y U dL hU nZeU yZU {x}> |w
ine@ I ij=
aR |T BnI w R }Y |w {x |w :U nbhR nT nY n x
pxT|U }hQ b_U U jI Y }Yn= wn@ qi
L}> U

hd_R nU pbhb= Un_U oheU nY

dL = U nY {bY ph?i
.pbhbU L}x
[ :m^h] | S { v < { v
:US =
|w :QUS }wn^R
oTcU }ebU Y }T UnJ I i eZU nA Y }_x nT nY i
|w p^ad= w d_eU |w Y U nI fU n_Un= nfU {[bx
305

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ng\= Un_U }={>

ox =
phii pa }@ eI ngi nY
d]x oTT }eS i U
}wnK o= nw}h= ngfU hd U H}>

U }_x cx dR }`U Y d=nbx nehR oh`x }ZU R Y pdhU T

=
|w :eZU R nbU U }_x nT U cU |w = }_Zx nY dL
nA
ngi :nS }T |w
nehR U {_= pcfU |w L neT }T ngi =
d YTm< =i w c T kQ :hU ngR}_x nT {S }ei deU
i Q | Yd T X ~
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z ^ h T mR * z ^ = mX :dU cA nY dL YS h= nS neT
K mf T ] e Q m Xme
R * g
b h ^ ` ew * K z = b h ^ d w v m
` Sm
{R [ :}_ZU] c ^ ` w T{ S mh m< mh z ? < T mR * | [ w

UnA Y Z= |{fL
i
U dL (nY) p^ad= w_Y L jx
_ZU Y n hI ngU {b_x w nf }T neU
?
I
eH neU
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?
rhijUn= mf T ] e Q UnS

U }h_> ngfL }L
L{x Y L{U eU }\U afUn= U [ x
jv mX p d c K z a T :nf }T p[S
R U }T neU
?
b_U
Q :US |A [ : nhi] a \e
w hmS v
w
a \e

T iGm
:nbR b_U U jI ngfL odH [ : nhi]
X z ^ Q
c T
X z ^ = md T b T * S | [ w m g H b ^ ` ew mX
Q c T
.[ :nhi] c a ^ =
v < {
v
}U | S {
Ub= i :bfR _i
nf_x
phinx}U w ng= d c> U `U nA U R L i hU nZeU
U lR phe_U n`d U odQjT rhijU nghR L}x hU
i dL c>
306

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d YTm
~
< =i w c T kQ :ngfh_= eZU [B R dedU :nS Q

i Q | Yd T X
| _d T X mf <
Un= = sgU nY }bU x
dR
v < {
v
|g= B
| S {
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.pxncU

{ v mX :nf jI L YS jx US R kU }h^i
K mf T h T g
>md T
:nL R US |T [ : nhi] ` Sm

z^h e< ee ?
e T X |gS c c f h * me
m

.[ : hw}=]

n eZU U nI }hT|> R Qij= bU nf_x |T

}dU {eU n> n= Y cU n eh^_> ph?i pe L U
US <
U cR
| S
w |U
c>
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Y nw}Knfx nY nx |w R Un_> dU ncA |U nU

T fL }ZU ai Un_> {hA> R YS h= Qhw}= S

|U U
Y ~_Y R U S nL nei Qi dL Snh= {x

h_eeU }In_Y R}_x nY }_x cx U YS = hR h_x nT

nfU h= }{U phLne@ fU
cU ~@ kI hna> Y
U U~_Y }> ~hhe> {I Y R nT i h_eeU
R }@nI U dL aS nedR
ngijI L UjR n Ynf {fL {@ h=j=
@ ?
Y~U nghwU

?
gcR nf }Y R YS nA
pU

R wnR eZU }ebU oTcU Y nf n= g>nL U

}R
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307

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

A {_x neY
}R h==
]= \R ngfY {A nQ
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{hAU U nL ?
nx }wnK w nY dL nw}B dL dhU Yx R


m

m `ge@
d T
| \ Q {c T f ? p f ? h :Ub= UnU
pdhU hYx R U U >
S | Yd T X m h mX
ijT [ : n_i] g
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nedU }JnR n bUnB Un_dU Y }h[= dL QnT

gfY nf dU w i L rx nei U R U x}I {A dU w
g=}x
ai hw}=
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i }Y R dU nZx w}Y }={x

.U x}I

{x {ex
inH dU nT nwJ U A}eU |w he@ R
U pgU U pax}ZU ai ]L neU cdY >l=
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w neT hai
n? hai
}x S }Yj= }h={> fxc> dU U

:US nhH }wnK

m

b c X g
d T
v| < | h T{ S

c K g
e g = me @ c =
:nx x R US [ : n_i]
v| < mvm

:US [ : n_i] g
cK g
b@ < mY h X m? Q | h X R

.[ : nhi] g
d TmK < me S R X z H g

v| < me g = z a T

< mw :Un_> dU cA nehR h= hw}= S

X hm? z R h p
U }hQ U [ : x}Y] m w G m I| z v e^ = mQ =i w T mX c ^ T
.nx Y
308

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

}hT Y U nT nY dL ph==}U L R }ei deU nA

?

}hT pgU YbU qinT phf?U jZi U }n^i Y dU }=n@ Y

}ebU eZUnT nf n= {_x nT Y ghR ngi{_x nf ngU
.}w~U d _U x}cU }bU }T |U oTcU

ngfhYn\Y L rfH pex}cU nx Y nax nY dY

|w
h[a>
.( / :~heU) Un_> dU nI _h]i nY o=

309

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Gw oZR

oT ~x~_U }Y Y [S
R {x{> QHh= d _x nY }ha> R
m dc K m db @ me g = z H c < md T
:Un_> US }ha> R dU \R {hU

a c P ` h K mf g< Q v T = * g
p
e d T } h T{ S

R T p g v p T mR
x c ` w h
<
X @ < h c T m^ X m

| Z e T T{ S < mv | < T mf < v < p d v z a T * d Tm]T

K X h mY ` T
z R m
Z c d T mh m
T ma G
T
* g

e K
T zT mv zg G mg ` T | < X Zg
G c v i < X } ? mX p T mR m
d R
H zf H ` h K e= v m
{ K w
X zvm
T

R * g
bT
X v p R zZ Q R X z R Zg
mS * g
<m
d R mS mf c v
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R m
d R md c Q * g
d R
X v p < { b Q | < X z R Zg

R
v K
| K G
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w * g
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T X pe
h
h{ T
S
.[ :Hx] g
Im

gd U nhA f H R w x|U nZU h_x neT Hx nL

Yj> }cR nhA nL = r_U
U pAndU ph_S pH d L

gR SdU nin_Y Y pecU @n> nehR ni @nx neY

= h>
nhA R pYn_U
>nhA R pnU nU nh[U pbAY U

Y dU w hU [> nehR fY d]f> nehR U }hx

x}B
neY
310

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

U g= [hU d\R Y gh>kx nL = gdx neY

}hcU }hcU U
R g>nhA pT}A Y nw{x}x U nxn`U
w |w ..}h={> UnH B
x}]U R nH e_U { phfU
A |U HhU dU nY
.hbeU

x|U cU U Y yjR m dc K m db @ me g = z H c < md T

YnI }x~Q dL H heL }cR SY L gecA R {[x

}cadU he_> Y ni nhA R }[U d ex nehR inA }[U ~@
}hcU }hcU U n> U ngdTnZY nhU oLn[Y nY U hH>
dex neY
d ex nehR }=n[U
{gU Y

nin_eU YjU
f`x neY
ngdbY nhU }nA R cU dL nai Y nA

p=}U
R }hU

in_eU B Y {Yn= Ax R Hx
R _ i owY Y = g[i
e d T } h T{ S
dB
nehR g
.{bU d_U cU
cx nY {IjT
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h_fU R }e>
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R hR

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}]B Y d T U {b R
p\S R SU Y nhU dL B nghR h_x U px}U
dL

.gU
h\> gZU @ R ~}`U nghR y a> U pbw}eU H
R i
hHnA }hi R {U nghR ogdx paJn_U @ R }LnZeU nghR
U
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311

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{x~eU @hU nhU oU

Y = R yx ij= hU
UA Y

.ecA }cR dL `]> U U

Y Y

pUnA R gZU nghR s\>

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cx nY jT U
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nY S
dU ng>}Q nY b> U pdheU YY R
nfU {I
Y aJn_U U
w ..oin@ T
ng= hx U }eUn= hcR paJn_U
ngU }x R {bU p]dU SY R b> U pini ai qSU R
Y ngUA eY
ng@ Y {x}> nehR pQ ngfL fe> n dJ {A
nZU |g= hcR afU Y }hcU cdex eY
ng= ]hx x|U nfU
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U A |U
ohx ngY{x
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qT}>
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p
a c P ` h K mf g< Q v T =
phdeL R
<

gZU YncY hR }x
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Un=
nx ngh= R ij= }h_U R _U
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yhaU Zx R T p g v p T mR
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gx
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312

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nghR n> pdgH pegY

Hx Y od]> U
ph_hJ
pUnA {x}>

|U dH |g= L{U qinT |gU ..ngU ohhU nghU p=nH

d w ..peheU L{U pQ}Un= p_ZY pedT R d T SeU n[B {x}x
..nZU {i nfhR Z> U p_eU gZU oU
rhA U n_> ..U

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R{gx nehR pxhA

phini pehbT ~x}`U > pUnA hb> @ Y

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U
I Y dB R nY U }^fx gR ..nRU nA nex

R fL }L
nR Y A R nY U d ]x =

nY w |w dU i eU
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phAY pfYkY pedT R c T m^ X m
U edT

Y = nH R dU U d U L pg@ Y nU R}U L }_>

}g]U }ax ncx |U }Q pagd Un= _aeU ZU {fU |w

pUjeU hU
d]i ?
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cex hcR Y A |U {hU

nRU pUjY w ..}B pg@ Y
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R U _R U i ..@ R ix

nehR in=
x
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nhU pxnL}U ph=}U f_Y Y pedcU hf_>

nehR
X @
nA @ Y {=
nA ~fY Y U {L

R ..pA px}A

@ Y pinhU pHneY R hU nHn= edK R nAn=

x c ` w h Y oSL R aU nfU U b x U U

pinhUn= w}hQ ed^x ph[_eUn= gai ed^x x|U d Tm]T

.g>}B wnhi yUn R c> U snfU

313

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

{bR {hH
_= ow {S
L dU L rx{U U x}aeU

pe_f= HnA L }L
..gZU }Q \U Y = Hx n_H
?
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@}hU \Y nehR ~x~_dU }T }x U ij= U|U {gZH ..dU ph[_eUn=
ad U Y bH nehR dU w T|eU = hU }he\U
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{x}x nT |U U
p_hJ U }S w ni}T nY Ai nff cU

ngi ega> |U ]feUn= }eU |w Y {x

UB Y Hx

q_R{i nehR nR{i L U ngL}x |U eUn= dUn= pfYkY c> U

Hx = }_Zx |U }A oin@ n? oHnfeU Y nT |gU hR
{hU
pedc= }h_U nT ne=
{hH
L rx{U R n Rn_Y <
n>
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X @
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Y UnY U
ni |w odS R HhU nT nefh= ..{d= U {d=
fL }L nehR {UU
U [x U [ : [bU] zT { h

rx{U oHnfeU Y ncU dU L rx{U nT U ..f U Y U

R xnL bdB @= [ > U }hcU _ f U L
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cZ=
= Ax p?nU @

neT [ : Hx] | H {T m
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314

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

nb= Un_U w dU =}bi |U @U }b>

{S n^AY ngi
.>nx
..mf < v < p d v z a T

x> @ Y i ngLnR{i R < p d v z a T

ngx{U nY c=

_\U SY Y pwZY p]Qn pT}A R }Q gI paJnL Y

dL ph[ZU Y }B oinU R ~c>}x |U ~x}`U i
U Y pUnA nbb x negU cex x|d U nex b_U Y {LnS
neUn= ~U i }x n\i U L{x |U
phA}U h bU

heU `U |w ngZh_x U p_[U }^U |cw ..nhd_U

ph>|U ng}Q hb> dL nw{Ln> ng]dH q> {S _ |U
px_I pUnA R mf < v
|i \B phdeL R fY px~x}`U
..}hca> Y pxaL pbx}]= n x~x}Q ni hR }x
nehR ph_hJ
n Yne> nghU |fx n? @ R h_x nI
Y
_h]U

~x}Q }>
eT ng= }ex
y}Un= }? jx eT

U pffU ph]U
ai R U
|w ..n_]U p Zx
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px~x}`U nHnA kI Y i YkeU }h`= YkeU hR bdx }Y
i ni = R{fx nehR SeU ph\S w ph\bU cU
..{dU

|f> >~x}Q = }>

ai hdL b> nehR pHneeU phdeL

SY Y h[I niU {x
|U w SeU |w ..}LnZY hU
SY [i
|cw ..ai }acU SY ~U nex

p=nH ng= w
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pUnU R ..@}> ?
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315

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

{e_Y
pUjY qhU {fL pUjeU he[> ~=
SY =nH [>
i R{fhU nw{fL pUjeU w neT {Y he[>
neT pxngfU B
_h]U
d bU Zx {@ |i pUjY qinT ngf cU w q_R{i

ngai L }L
nR{i

nA n^U Y p^U ngi ..~x}`U

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Y hR d]fx nehR dU Y aSeU hS nA Y d]feU ..nU

Y hR }x
nJ U dU nbL Y hdL bx nehR B
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px}U U b> U }caU R pU
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nehR pA
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@
= hdL {bx cex

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w px |w @
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v kQ | S { = m
X mI f X a = w
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v
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hU q_R{i {bR < p d v
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c=
R pbhbU p^bx U nghU R{fx nT ..nR{i phd=nS hR qT}R

w nehR aHhU SeU nT U|= ..dS R nex pS]i A

pedcU Y AY n\i @}U HneU w nehR |i
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Y

odZ^T Qmew mX ow Q v

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{>

x}hcU cU
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cx {S |U fU
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316

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eR p_U S n Y[_Y cx U
phSB pLnfY cx _h]U

pahK qhU fU
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Y fU
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phA R jeU
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B
|w R phA}U pLnfeU w nehR nL }hQ n ini fY _x neY
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R }H
h[deU nL
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_= Y }caU @
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bU
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_h]U
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= pw}U pQ}U w nehR ini

}caU ~U w Unfw nY T

R bx SY R }fx R hbeU Un=

de_U A}U

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e\eU L {_x |U d cU xjU Y }hT U R{x neY
px
pxU bhbU
dU {x}x nehR mY ` T
T
e K | Z e T T{ S

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nL ^_x
U R Y gi{@ R
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pb? dL d[hU yU R
R {U gU hbhU
SY R pY

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eL R YnY n? nehR `dx HhU dU nY |w ..pbU SY

317

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

\x aSY U [_x n]H |U gU nw}U px Y i{@

K X h phU }LnZY U
nex dU [dB x|U g
Z c d T mh m

dU gU L}R {w Y ei _x}Z= Y~U hA Y =}SnR

\A d T U
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g>nhA w}cR gA T

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ngfY ox}S w = nhB pT}A R px}A
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L {h_= }Y
U ncR YnY n? = ph[_eU L n_= dL }x U dU

Hx R{i {bR m
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hdL }aU }gU Y _feU adB w q_R{i ..}Q U =

phdeL R ..d T nginhT R ngY R nghfhL R gZU {fU p=nH

hR nx nH
qLn]H ngf cU ..}B x negfY {A
T
S~Y
dU Y | < X Zg
d R z R
ngx{x Y qdax S bd>
n}eUn= j@naeU qinT ..qhU B U @}hU hU =|> qinT nehR
T zT mv zg G mg ` T
..YnY ogdeU SeUn= @R m
n _Y negU

ng> U pUjeU >

qUnA = fY > U >}> U ngf cU
xZ= ngU p=nH Y LnfY dL Sn_U nghdL {Ln= HhU

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}]hH }hT }h?j> ngU }_Z> qinT ne=
..c_U hU }eU dL
A {S neT = }? jx |U aJn_U oinU B Y ng@ dL p_H

j= nx qUnA |cw U {_= ng>n= ngU g@Y R =dH Y

U nx fY }aY }Y nghdL {L pUne= Hx pi pUjY

318

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

ngx{A nT |gU U dL {wnI d= SeU n? pZSnfeU

} ? mX p T mR U dL ~T ngbx U p=b_U phLi R ng@ Y
R}J U {A
|cw g T
{ K w G c v i < X
R p=b_U Y nx nehR nhB
nR f cU ` h K e= v m
R }eU _> U nfU {fL p_nZU }caU p_h]U \x h_
phi{_U bU
SY @}U bx nefh= oinU |w R _\U SY
..nghdL
ngZ= Hx SY bhU
{x{@ }[fL nfw

B{x

~U ~x~_U nY \> ngf cU }InY cZ=

{A nY p_hJ {>

p_hJ oHnf> ngi ZU

b> pbx}]= pUjeU R cU nH

i pbU Y R d_x neY

nhI
mf cv X zvmH zf H

mS pgI Y U >ngI cU {h_= ox}S Y Hh= [ x

bT
X v p R zZ Q R X z R Zg
@}U R }aeU g
<m
d R
}ax nehR @U n g@ gUn= ngg@x }eU dL {_x |U

ngai L R{> U }edU }aeU Y neT fU {L i

{ R [heS ~e>
g@ R ng>n=} hU @>
nU |w R
ZT
nY{fL }eU g
R m
d R mS

X v p < { b Q | < X z R Zg

w bAY Y ngU {= U ng>}Y R}x |U @}U dL `\U {x}>

cx U lR U x~e> phdeL _Y ne> lR ngfY }gx

|g= pbAeU phdeL R ngfY _SY fY ng_SeU n _> dU Y

~x~_U fS ..nghdL {_Un= >nY L rx{U R p=nT nwL c>

| < X z R Zg
d R md c Q nhI p_hJ U px}S ngi p^AeU |g=
ohij> ncfH SY R nghU qaU ai L > ngij= Hx {
319

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R
nfU {hT L n]i Y ai R dex nT nehR S z g S X h m
T de_> >~x}Q >gI @}U }Y Y = nhbU }x nehR

}B ohUnH Y {b> nehR cZU pUnA R Y Y R|> nehR {

R n> |w R nH |cw ..ngY^= x}B nfS pUnY R

nghU @nA qhU R nw{fL @ qd `H |U Hx Y ngaSY

nehR =n[L Y R ~}`U p^bx hdL q}R U px_U }K R

pUnY R bA nghdL fY nY{fL ..U R pbw}eU pdA}Y d e>

ng> U n= nZU SeUn= ng@ nwj@nR neU hdL `\dU ngfY

nU |w Y R Y p_hJ ngfY nbL nghdL {Ln= Hx
g ] K S zg S Hx ox|c> ngbx{[> ng@ dL }a>
Y SeU dL }]h> _Y h]> nY phaU
nHU Y de> }eU

}eU ~L |U }ZU zxnU U g\_= ow ne=

..U H

R ngA nhU pT}A R HU {U

e_U }caU nZfU L

}ha> U > ngd_@ @}U Y ng_Se= pnU

@ R qhU }

{hcU }YvUn= ngai L nR{dU h]U R ng>nSnJ

h U
R pT}eU

nHU |w qinT |gU ..n _Y n@}U nfU eY R naU @

phfw|U ngx}bL pS]i ph_hJ phi
qL{=jR n> |w R ng>nSnJ c=

{A I
hR
|g= ..phde_U px}caU dnH c=
U x ni cT

= {hceU hU
pT}A R }eU R ph_hJ pUnA e> pUjeU lR

neY
de_U fw|U nZfU U Y n iU e>
n> |w R }eU

@ R }eUn= SL @ R hR {x @}U = bx cex

..}B
Y ng_SY d ex nehR ngU p@nA ex i }eU R ~heU
320

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

neY
nhU R ngQ}> U }B nhI nY @}U nY _
R @}U bx nefh= pnU
ng_SY R nghdL [U h]>

U nx R nhU nxn\S Y }eU Y _SY R SeU |w

{g@

>S
]dH }B I Y ngfY {x}x nY dL [dU }hT
Y {x}x nY U U nincY pT}U px}A
_SY
fex ~heeU

Y }InY cZ=

pdhU U _Y nx R nfL {g@

x}J }S
f cU ..Hx pd[eU cU { |cw ..hS{U }caU }hcU
U ph\aU Y U ng= [x }hT n eA |Bj> ph\bdU
p^AY Y {x nehR ngx
nT U @~= SL {b_x ~T}e= }\x

hU L{x |U r_U U Y n iU nw}L {bR |g= _Y ~heeU

nw

G
w HhU nbR Hx U nghU @R
..ngfY i _\U
v K

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i {
n nJ
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h{ T
pinhB Y hdL {L Y U d ex nehR HhU >}Y R
T X pe
nehR g
h ph@~U SbU
S
SU Y fhUn> qfT
Im
SeU R paLn\Y ph]U _x neY
{_U `\U pbx}]= ni~U R
pdcZeU n]i R {gZeU |w dL nU {H |cw ..hR hab> |U
nL ..qhU R dbU n]U U |w nwn? U
eUnL U {A T
{w ..nU
A}U nY R Hx yi B{U R I T
..i{@ T
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p_ p=}> R inex

. / :}bU A Y ()
321

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QGw oZR

}Y Y [S
w {[= i nY = ngYne= p[bU
[R p_=nY i
A Y L nfdbi |U YncU fU
cex {bR ~x~_U
Y di
dU \R {hU
efx eY
jI ijI {Tkx
x}B x}aeU

}bU
|w [= U pex}cU nx dL phYnY pH{eU U
QHx fU
fU
nhA Y [aU
ngJ dL p pU {>
.pe[_U ex
QHx
neY

nx R |U (gU)
}ha> R x}aeU
_= L dx _i

p`d U }wn^U n bR }R
jZx dR pex}cU
= }B }R
neT }ax
ij= (gU)
}ha> nBnR nhi pe[L ngY{bY
R phYH {nb_U

.nhi fY dx |U ini ]U hY {U n_ai }Y

U }haU |w cU
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\>}eU x}ZU nY Y phYnY pH{eU L {_x qS R

dL ~nU Y Y i}x gi = L Y }hQ ({gU dL)
.ng_fex pe[_U n_x nhi
fU
Rnfx w :bi }B }Y
pe[L Y dU \R {hU
ned_U dL o}`U Y hU nZeU US {_x
w QHx
}haU bA R h[eU

nei hbU nbU }_Y R nbU pLn i pUnJ {x}i

SeU H ~hhedU n HnhbY nL cex nY U bR {I}i
.pbhbU
322

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}ha> L {x
w ({gU dL) \>}eU {hU

U @}i nfw
bhdR HU
Y hd= nw}T|i pdeeU @U (gU)

()
. (nhi x~f>) =nT dL
:w @ {L
\>}eU {hU
}J {S

._aU dL ~_U

.hdL ~_U bx U nUn= ZU ]B

.d_ax nT f_e= |T |c= w

nbhR p=nbeU

J nY w @U |w dL Qew
chR n]U hY gZU
.fh_= dU \R {hU
w nfU gI Y n@}U hdL

nS \>}eU x}ZU {hU

p^ad U |w @ qinT lR) :
B
~_U w = hdx nY dU i
L nfhai ni}T nY dL p_ Y padY
@U Sn= ni~@ yhbU dL
x~f>) (Un= hdx negfY {A T
.( nhi

dU \R {hU

dL }L Y _U }Y y\ x U|=
}_eU H= cx U {U
J
|w U Y h> x

neU
=nT R fL w bi {S !!\>}eU {hU
= (nhadB)

dL
eY
nhU p`d U dL R _d \> R Zx
ij= \>}eU {hU

.()baU

hdL aB nedR neT ({gU dL) \>}eU {hU

nT

. :nhi x~f> ()
./ :nhadB @ ()
323

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x}ZU n@ neU dU \R {hU

=}bH |U }U |w _
.QHx =
deA \>}eU
(nhU) }ha> R H]U zhZU n \x @U |w }T {S
.()(~_U) nfHn= nwn@

(gU)
pedcU }ha> Y =}bH dU \R {hU

}T neR hdL
.QHx fU
pe[_U Rnfx
pe[L ex

Y }ha> R pUjeU R }hZU ncY zhZdU

neY)
he@ ex n =nI nT Hx hR I
:nS

dbL J qinT ~}Q Y Q}Un= nZU R U hHnA

inex
neU dB R nRJ shgx nU p_h]= ni Y
ned T ~x}`U b_U }][hR neU |w R }hY Y {wnZx
R [> {S ngi A y@ ~}`U pa T qinT {I
}heU Y qinT
L {_x n]H U rh= bU
Y pdA}Y [S U pJnB p^U
b_U nex S
lR gU U~feU |w nx ]B pdA}eU |w
.U U nw}>

A ~x}`U dL > j_>

q_S U pYjeU
pHnU
paJnU p^d U |w [x

}bU

}eU chR pY{beU

px R neghU T}U cex hnw hfY h=

[ : Hx] < mv | < T mf < v

:Un_> US Y
jR cU b_U ~x}`U h= }[U R pxngU pRnA U } i Hx
U ..~x}`U nRJ [bU b_U nex S

{A [x

qY~w

.=}_U }U nhA }h= :nhU @ ()

324

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

hdL }hx }Y U lR pxngU |w Y ai d x Hx n]H U

p^d U |w R gR .. {= T ..pah_ qinT nhgU oi|U nH
.(ngU {I
ai {wn@ pHnU

325

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

gw mw|S oZR

neU {x{> }bU A Y }ha> R dU \R {hU

oT

}ha> R new{A }ha> Y h_Y R Qnx}T [B R

:}eL H Y nx }ha> R neghin? x}Y H Y nx

mw | S z K < o d @ | S * ^gfS :Un_> US R

eU
R * m g ` A zh < mh *
e X ] ^ T v h m

|T
^ H
h mS X T d T p ` A h * m ga H mK z< S T m gH
p

X | w e> | w * m gT h
c ^ ?
a ^ w

zT X T n f Q |RmK =| X
.[ :x}Y] m g

R p_]beU
}U |w nY L rx{U {b>
^gfS

x}aeU
_= ne=
..nw}ha> R qadB nehR U _=

_x neY
U hYn\Y h= n Jn> nfw

}U |g= {[eU
}U cU }U d> ngfhYn\Y h= p]= @= n Ln]i nfw

.pT}ZY n_Y
L }_Y
pT}ZeU

nfH Y d]fx i }U |w Y hb> R {nR }hT {i {S

hY
nx U |w }hQ R ngedi {S U nbfU _= dL ~T}x

.d c> Y d> pbx}]= }B nbfU d c>

326

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

_= L pedcU |w xj> R ?jeU rxnA _= {S

nehR n[U }a_@ nY L nehR n@ {bR qhU w pe

ngU RncU ni nf_Y ^gfS :nS U {h_H = nhaH fL

.{LU n[U Un_U UU

hcA nw x}T :nf_Y feU {U

R neT nL
= L

cx {S neT nL
.n hdL
= Y ng@ |w nT ne=
.px}U p
}x{b> dLU Zx nY nhH

:= @nfx nx}T
U {x}> nY w |w mw | S z K < o d @ | S

x|U hUn[U nL dU A}x hT Zh_hU hfYkedU }h> }T|>

U ..g>}B wnhi }Y Y gew
nehR hU _]bfx hU dgx
h_x nT |U yUn[U {L nx}T w kgU ~heeU
efU R

nT {bR ..=
nY yUn[U YkeU ni Zh_x nY eLjT dU peU

mh nexU }hcadU }heU [S

hna> R dU peA}U n _Y
fehw >nhA R dU \= nA h_x nT {bR m g ` A zh <

R A
xnfx rh= i{@ dL
nfx neT _hJ cZ=
@Y
U nL R x ox nh_U L =nhQ ..gZU U
U nL

d]x U f cU ..@nA _ehU =

nfhU nx}T S |cw ..{@U
R ZU ~x i aU
egU Zx ne= {>
= n hUnL >

_Y x{A
{L {i ehU [Un= }gU U nx ij= x

nee> ex hcR {[U nH ex aB }U

d_x i
R ..naZU
qdB {@ _ {bR e X ] ^ T v h m
T}A R {U hdL {e_x |U ^_U |w fdex ]x dR S
327

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

JnZi neghdL S x hd U p=[U bU

dex {_x U i icH

R ogd U }Zfx neT n Yne> hR ohZU }Zi {bR m g H

|T
^ H
U pBhZU H
R ]_>
{bR ..nfU hR _Z> nY{fL hZgU

q`d=

ffcex hcR nhU pT}A Y = nhbU {x nehR nZi S

T

pxhA

mK z< S T
@ Y nhU f phdeL R }U
{x{@ dY

Y >L ned T U oh> f>L {bR m g a H

h= }R
|U nbU h^_U }U
i pdgU L{U h= p_[U L{U
.nL j=
h\x
nY ~gx
U _\U |w T
U dS R Y _\x U U|U
w d> ..>{S eA dL yafeU i{@ U bx}J jhU {x
nAU nY R {x}> nehR >
nehR dUn= pd[ eU }U n_H
.}^U n qinT negY dB{U nbZUn=

X T d T p ` A h
:gfY nx nT nY hUY w Y
|U nY cU ..p?U hS ..eL
f= YeL gi hS kw w Y
L pxnfT w ?}x nx nT i g\_= }T ne=
..gfY Rnx nT
A> pedcU U|= yex }h_U cU
..obL = ex RB

{S ..An= pd[ eU = pbd _eU Y _= R gfY n hI nx ij=

cU {_= Y ngT}x U pT}U w U cx _h]U Y cx
}hU d Y {U {x}x ilR U|U ?}x gRnx i pUjeU
ngbd _x U phew Y oHnfx U ..>Y {_= adx |U neU
d> R dJ hb> hR _x |U eUn= pUjeU dL nx}T
pUjeUn= p]heU pdheU }^U Y R }e_U Y pY{beU
U

328

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

{UU R pQ}U pUjY nf^A nehH

pxn_U nHU B Y

U p@nUn= ni _I Y d ex nehR @U R {Y rhA Y

>nhA zxn> R {b_Y pUnA

px }> U px~x}Q p@nA w {U R nbU
{bx U nedR .>}Y bL RnZT {_= nZU }R R nT nY{fL U

qS=
ineU nT nw}h`= ~U
nx U neU }cY
od]U U

R ^Ai neT gx{U n L}ZY }Y n@~U {_>

nT {S fY ngfY

.Qhw}= p[S

nw}Y Y {wnI nehR ngU f= pY}T x}Y _U }T|x ne=

hdL Y}T dU Y =}S R x}Y ?nex nY U chU ox

d_@

p=nHU nL{Un= nU U nY}Un= _I n? |U }Y

.dJ R hU

RB w pUjeU j= px R }h_U B Y y }hQ |w cU

n h}Y chU d]x |U {UU na dL {hTj> {_= Y UeU Y

nT U pAnU A R }^f> pegY

nfw j= Ax neY
dU {fL
.{_= Y pQnR b> ngU {x}x nx}T nwkdex

kw Y nB {S cx ceeU Y j= nfhU Ax }hQ |w _U

b_x Y nh nhi nT neY

A n]H nY {ax
..}hwne@ R AnH R phUnH}U }U phef> @ Y pT}U SY R
Y pTneU pddU |w n]bi n @Y di n]bi _x |U }Y
.ngU pT}Un= deU UnH}U zxnU |w

dL pdhY p _ pUjeU _x neY

|RmK =| X ph mS
329

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

dU {S B Y Y afU edx jR _h]U U Y

zT X T n f Q
}Y dx |U ZU Y pedcU hf_> nehR m g T h

pedc= }h_U nT ne=

>Y {_= adx >nhA R fh_hR ni

zT X
pUnUn= [ > pUjeU j= Ax {S nY h
odU ph_h]U

nghR oH U phh`U
e> | w }IneU phgU {bdU
pUnUn= =

X | w

dU U L{x |U UnH}U dU
{Y chU
a ^ w
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dhH R {wnx U e_x

m< |dT v mX

pedc= [beU w w neU pUjY }baU |w R }h? {S

?x U nhi pUnH}U d_U = [beU

rx{U |w [> ne=
gYdL Y n hI ? = nfx n ew

H {eY
ngh= Y n T{R }w~U peJnR peh^_U {hU

pUje=
P dU H L }c= = = ngg@ |U rx{U p
{Y P dU

.hnaU Y U }hQ pS{ nfT}> nY i

nhi }In_Y i

R nH w cx U neU rx{A Y nfY{S

nehR ni}I {S

neU = ?x nhi pg@ Y nx}T }hca> R

U >Y {_= cdex ehR x{U {b_eU pdcZeU Y R cx U

_x neY
pUnH}U ex I Y {_= Y pAnU dB
Y n S]i
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}hU phUeU Y R hU _SY ?}x {_= Y >jx x|U

L rx{U _U
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330

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

w |U b_x
pUnH}U B
c ^ ?
.Un_U dU f_eU |w {Tkx

R ng@ yUn[U deL inex B Y {fL n h}Y m g
|U w |gR x{U n}U Y R >nhA cU hU >L dhH
o_U ex }aU {x
neT ngd T pAnU phUkY ex
cex

.}> o>

d G
_< | Y h mh mw | S mw :`= } Zx nx}T~U ohx dU
h mS P T b w h m
R * m g d G R X T ^ h T g w
p
K = |X
R T{ S m
R * m g K | b T X p _c < z R |Rm
g v c K v < m

R o w T ^ ?
R * m g H = T R X a c A z R
w m
m
g T > m
| d T X X R c K | Q * m w G m
@ i Q
e T c b =
.[ :x}Y] m g Y K | b < G f g T

{_= >}Y qdeA ..nL{U dU nH

A xJ _hJ jx

|w e= ph=nx phfU }^fx cx U ..pnB

pbx}]= U|= dU hU
.peHnU pL}U

{bR m g d G R X T ^ h T g w d G
_< | Y h mh mw | S mw
n xH
}T {U S}R eA R n@ hR dY ohx
dU
Y}T {S ..U {_= {x}> neR ..dS Y {A dex U n eH fY

..hdH}eU nhi hUn[U nL ng= }cx U Y}c= dU

h mS P T b w h m
R :n _Y
= | X p
nx nx}T

U U pUnU U nY~U i}hQ

{bR m g K | bT X p _c < z R |RmK
hR }\B |U =nhU _UnT n Yne> pxhU Y I ng_Y U x
331

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

}^U |w Y R }h`U nhU ow cex hcR nhA

ox U i }^fY cx U }Yj= @R {S nx}T jT ..pdheU
pL}U |g= nx nL{U pUgU |w e= >
pUjeU
hY nT nY
[x
nT ne=
..>nhA R n _S y }^i R

=
U nhf eU n]i R B{x {UUn= nL

U ni ng= {x
i ngU[A R }hT eJ U cx Y
dL dU {S R Zx

pd[eU nL }hQ cZ=

Y R B{x
dU {b_x i = U
@ R phicU fdU p_nB ngd T nhU _@ {_= h_Y
I
d]fx kU _@ nY w |cw ..pnU
pYn_U

ngT}A R nhI
R T{ S m
R px = A> nehR hf_U }[U Zx nehR fY
< m
Y hU {x
nT |U aU
[U Y _eH nY w |w

}hQ }B I
w = ed cx nT |U dU w hdR ..YnY {A }x

o_[x dR g v c K v
.}B I
cx n cdY cx {S dU
|w {_= {U ni n_h]U @ R hR pxhU {x dU dL
pUjeU @> hcR m g H = T R X a c A z R
x]U }e_U
.j@naeU Zx ne=

|w j= hU A> U phdbU pfhije]U h_x nx}T ne=

An }x Y ex nehR p]HUn= hU bdx |U AU

dU }hQ h]x px od]R LnfbU ?x jR dU A w
.x{U {bU phi{A= [ > ngi ngbb x

R
}LjR dS ngU e]x ai nghU n>}> o w T ^ ?
m
~_eU cU }hQ Y {A fY w ~_eU nZU |w
332

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

R pYnbU ~_eU dL hU{U w >nhA R

m
e T c b = w m
g T >
|w R ]fU dL {b> R inU x j= U m w G m
p=d]eU px w dR dU {b= cU pY{ pd L Y {eU

dL pU{U R
[U ?neY U dU Y gR }^fx nY = nY T

nY U >
|cw ..nB |fU nR = Ybx nfU nT |U qe[U

_ZU Lna> UjY R dU peA ai R dU {S }H

}L

deL
SY U {fL afU SeU >
A inhT R dU pe^_=

Y yhU = Ax nehR neU n[U R dU yh> U L{U R

| d T X X R c K | Q cU R dU pe^L L }h_U
nehR
w |w m g Y K | b < G f g T @ i Q }cU pA}aU Zx

dU Y phZUn= _ZU B Y hbeU Un=

LU ~UU hU
.bdB pe^L Y e^L ngdH nH dL ~c>}eU

a<
mbT {A gw mw

mS mh zT X m hme @ * m g b T me g = a < m
b T { A g w mw
w zT w g c K G * m g Z K m ? b w T w zT < | < * m g a = mS
.[ :x}Y] m g @ q ^ w w
d w

n\A R }L}x efx {= ..dU pedT qe>

nx}T~U hx {U

A}U {U ei
ecH A nex @ R bU
phUkeU dL }ca= nex dL A}= dU dL yai
hL c=
}[U nghR {x U pAnU U ~fx dU Y aU
{fU n@

n hR f>

nehR ow|eU nghR d> nghR {_>

333

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

|BjhU nhIU nxn\bdU pbhS{U xeU L {h_= w hR n[>

eL Y pbd]feU bU
SY Y dU c= d T U pg@Y R

.SeU p= S
Y }^fU eI R p_H LU
eZ> U U eA ... a < m
R I T
b T { A g w mw
sgfeU x}ZU {hb_U
pT}U L{Un= nfU nhA R nw{TkU

nY _\> p]U
{b>
YL T
= _\U }nfL {U

pAnU U
b=
}caU pAnH cdex x|U w nxS ..S
c=
lR na_\U nY SeU n? ph[ZU b=
p]dU pAnH }caU
giY~gx x}B
~U~> }U _\> U phY~gi ohUnH c=
{_x g_SY L efhR SeU ~g> _ZU ~g>
}caU
.{U
pS]i }[U pT}A R I

d ex R }eU L

eZ> = hh= pnB

dex x|U T
L{U |w qhU

b=
nwdex ghdL lR hdU fU
Y dL dU nH
p= R SeU pR}_eU eL R }caU nghR cdex peHnA
ngU SY R U n\eU {U
pT}A R {gU

U phUkY Y dex gU dU {x}x nehR ghUkY

w d>

R pdA}eU gx{U
w |w ..dU R ni {gU B
Y }x ?}hU U dU gx |U {UU Y nehR nx}T nY
pecA nT Y b_x T}> nehR pUnH Y ex nehR b_x
dL }]hhU S
R}fx {x}x x|U hR}feU U T

.hbeU U
L nfUn=

334

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

m g
bT meg=

dB R phinU phgU ~_eU w d> m g b T me g =

adB nehR nfU h= cU SeU YncU LU dU egU {bR hx

nwn[Y R p_x}ZU }_x |U n_U TnU L hR x neY
hR
ng_SY h= ~hex
nwY
h]U ]B R px}^fU = }U

R }>
dx U n h
inhT cU Y |cw
~x w >nhA T

ni e> j= }x{@ eeU nw}x U U

U [x U dU
}hcU b_dU }hcU f_U nwnLn= cdU pY{beU
SeU U

_ZU ~> p_HU pR}_eU

R YncU h_x [U

}nfL Y }hcU U nx i pbdU n _Y cx R T}A dbL

nhUn= [ > U dU ngf cU ..nIU nhIU _h]U efU

bU
ngfeR
> efU
R pL}U YL T

}nfL T
R pecU }H Y {x nehR xcU nxn\S R }Y L d>
.nhU R ni pT}A

nbd]fY pY}cU SY Y gU {_x

nehR n_U dU {x}x nY w |w
w cdU R}_Y c> U pRUjeU }hQ pRUjeU nHn= px{gU

qinT = ..hx phL{U yUn[U {_U |w cdex nT nY T

h[I

p_Yn@
Y hdL dU Rn nehR mh zT X m hme @
necU na cU
nhA dL ocfhR peA}U }hUn= dS }e`x |U gU nfU phA
peA n a]L pR nfU
ghdL bx g= f_x R pY

hU wL{x nehR nhUkY Y gdex

nehR bh]x nY gdex

R gaU U }S |w _U
..SY Y hU wbx nehR nxn\S Y
335

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ij= g\_= }R
cUn= pUnH}U hR bd> |U UnH}U _SY
ne=

}^fUn= U UjY }hQ =

h= fh= gU nB |i ]L i
hR }Y nehR e_> pedcU mh zT X Ub= nfU {hhb> U
.nghU nghR }^i pxn_U ph_h]U nHU

pfU p
R acx = nx |w Y pedcU R {i nff cU

c> ne=
>l= fY n e_U cx dU U
..}Bv= cZ=

n_U }hQ oinU dL ngU Y }T fY pxnL}U oin@ dL ngU

.Un_U dU .U Y
nehR ng]U pT}U efU }nfL Y hR Yncx nehR mS

.d T U Y nfU dL S{`x
}Yj= ~U U pS}eU dU Y U h_x m g a = mS

U
L Y bU Y dex nehR hwi
dL } UnH}U

nfU @> U {bU nT U|= UB Y SeU pT}A

.L{Un= gg@>
neT pHneeUn=

e> U nA phSB }U

phA Y Zh_x nehR w zT < | <

ninT x|d U hini x|gU heUn= }L peA}Un= _ZUn= dS
dYnc> ei
phdeL R nH }[f_U dU l= @ R oU

hdL nR |U }hcU odbU

pa[U R d> nfU }hU peU

L {h_= hini
T
R n afY n ini fY _> U phSB phA}U

.x}B U {_>
R > } R f> U phini SY

cdex x|U nfU Y x}hcU R neT m g Z K m ? b w T

336

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

phd_eU bUn=
SeU

_ZU U U g_R{hR eeU R pY{beU

afU }x n b A hdL {A }x |U }ceU
U
T
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Y ohJ
ni }Y
U Y c_U dL w = ..nfU dL
w{g_hR
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nf dU }x

R pY{U }U
{gU SY U wbx _h]x nY T
y[fUn=

n fhU n ehA n R nT = n h[L

n hHnS bdB cx U U|= ..nI}U

|U U phA w d> ..gY nfU nxn\S Y Rn[x nehR

nhi{U
R phLne@ >nhA R px}aU >nhA R A}U Y ex
.}B

Y cx dU jR zT w g c K G
n _Y Y}cU

A R dU nA U bfhR
}LnZY T
d w w
eA}U
U nfw h_x rhA m g @ q ^ w w
nhdU nfdU U
.()U w U pf U nA U U bhR dU dL yafeU

R < mw | S mK Tme v
T n v m
:Un_> US R inU eU
c Z w mR v o b d T = me Q * mK zT
g
d G h o g I o w h zT X
| d T Q
Z @ zg G c T X o d c b < m R zZ X g g < | Y w c T
R * g
P T b w h m
= | X | b T e _c < z R
TmZT
X m g h
K
R o w T ^ ?
R * m Y w mX ^ ` w c T T{ S m
R | Rm
w m
m
> m
Y ^ T m< x G |gS < |S }X mw o >
mb <
e T c b =
.[ :}eL ]

hU nx}T qh= R x}eU q?{A U phn_U pY}cU |w qinT

. / :}bU A Y ()
337

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R ]> peA}U @ |gR eA}= xnf_= nL}x dU dL n

.qhU

{x}x nx}T nghin_x nT U pdeU

p@nU nY pinH p}aU

nL{U p=nHn= }hcU Y {x {x nehR f cU nghR dU L{x

.ph]U
w
px|U

edA U b U fY px}S p=n@ }_Zx w < mw | S mK Tme v

R UnH}U >|U {Y U acx |U }hcU

lR x]U nhU B
nT ..h= ^U
neT }cax

{Y ex {UU
L}R }Y }cR
n YH pY
i {w pT}= }hB nhU e> U ph]U

px|Un=
neT }cax
U
}R e> p h> p @nA e> U px|Un=
nfU Y }hT }cax

}hT {w Y }cU {Y w U b > aJn_U ni

R ..nhU Y dL
g
d G h o g I o w h zT X T n v m
p=nH c> nY \RjT nL U dU nH mK zT

pceU hU HjR x}cU ~L Y @

hU ~U
R U|= } Zx
h^_U eU R cx U dU |U }^feU {hUUn= nZU
R pT}eU
..fU
phA}U phUnH}U nbfU ng]U R h^_U
B

nx}T nx
| d T Q c Z w mR v o b d T = me Q
| Y w c T
g
TmZT
X m g h Z @ zg G c T X o d c b < m R zZ X g g <
SU L {>
neT }^feU dU L {>
nZU
ngi ..U

n@ {bR nhiU peH dU ngd_@ U ~heeU

a eH U h_>

pa d> H Y H neU

nH Y dU ~i neU n S{[Y
ng= x
}B nw{= U x}]U decx gU dU {x}x x|U
338

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

{hH
x}J nf dU bI x|U nhi Y dS Y

hbeU U
ginex B Y gai ecx x|U dU nL jI w neT afU
n]i R nfU x gUbL B Y g>gI dL }]hx
nehR {x}x nehR dU p]dH }hQ p]dH px
_\x pbU gnY
Y R}U pedT cdex x}B nY gai nY }A gR {x}x
dU nY {hL nhB SY Y bU pedT cdex pLnfbU SY
>gI }[A Z @
de_x }Yj= w bUn= ibx {AU
Y U nT > nI n]i R }> ngL{x R
}hcU h bU

neU qSU U R
R{> U peh^_U phA}U pSn]U Y hdL {x
gU dU x|U g
TmZT
ph\U p=[U U
X m g h
.n inex {w
pUnH nf dU dex gAj= hA dbx

pedcU fY pedc=
nT {S U nZU |w R U dU {T {S
neY
pRUjY nH U nhIn= ngbd _> R n> U {bU f_>
.nH Y nf U {fL n_>

w d T U Y }hU >|B _ex neY

n Iw{Y nx}T S
..hU
Y I w eA}U nedT w w p^bx dA R w

i
hdL \Y {bU U h= fh= > U ph_h]U ~@U R }cax
}x U e> }SnL >}Y pBhZU dY d= A pdxJ {Y

Zx nehR {>
h[aU |w e= j@naeU d> {> hcR {U=
R ..}hU Y @}> {x}> U p?n`H
P T b w h m

K = |X |b T e _c < z R
|U dU Y {>
i U n@ | Rm

ng_Y dB nhI dB |U gR ..chR T U bx neilR n hI
339

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

dU {S nY ph_h]U ~@U pehS neR ph_h]U nH hibU

R YkeU ni nghR }cax
A pbd]eU
m Y w mX ^ ` w c T T{ S m
R dU hdU Y inex hAx nY U @ U|= fS {S nx}T jT

..px {x}x f cU ..I T

U pY_U ngi g\_= nbR px |w f_Y R }aeU

dB

nY U dU _x j= U dU A Y w _eH nY ngUB Y }_x

h]x R inU b_x w px j= hU dU A ~_eU Zx
nfU oJnx dex d cx
:g\_= nS nx p?? {Y
~Y
A neT hU dU AjR ..pS }eU }hQ pe_f U |w dL }cZU pYL ngi

}S w |w _U
..|i n L}ZY nT |U qe[U [= x}Y U
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R o w T ^ ?
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w m
m

> m
Y^ T m< x G |gS < |S }X mw o >
.. mb <
e T c b =
ne= bdx yh@}U @ dL px Y nfegR neY
ni}T |U |w cU
mdT
:nS Qn[U }a_@ nY L }ha> R Inh_U
mw|S
T
c^w n@
<
mK
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o>> bT K hmT dw T ow
gT @iQ cT X ZT

y
mw
lR ..cT T cK zaw h cK c bw T X mdcQ
inU nbL \b> px lR rx{U |w
neY
yhU dU }T L
.()>nx nb= Un_U dU x}Y h= b_Y e@ @ cx
. / :}bU A Y ()
340

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

gw mw|S oZR

ngfY pex}cU nxU {x{> (x}Y) H d]eU }ha>

:rAnY p?? dU \R {hU
sUn_x ( ) nS
.nx d> R U gaY {x{> :
qT
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.h[I

f`X :
qT

nZeU pex}cU px R U U dU \R {hU

hex
() nT neU fU
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.fU
w }eU chU

Y gR nw}wnK L () pedcU }[i q@ U }bU nY

pg@
}`U {UUn= phHnH p@{= ghU
cx U Qnx}T fU

_eU dJ U YS ? U Y nbi pRnY neU

nT ij= Ax ph_hJ
neU }hQ R }cax
pxnL }hQ }K R {UdU

U
.>ni ax ecx |U UU Y phUnB pAnU b>
341

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

{S
Y ~U Qnx}T {be= nfR}L nehR f_eU |w {Tjx

@ pg@ Y ni Y n _inY }_x |U b_U o= }B p@

Y ncR p@{U |w U neU dL n [x}A nT dR hdL w g@ Y
.phfY |w hbU nZU H
R w ~x
ceeU

R nhi f_x px R () gaY {x{> dL

O }w~U {hU L ne= dU \R {hU dL }_hU ?x

nY
U }bU Y gx> dL
U afx dU \R {hU

YnI gaY cx afx

nbi bx = neU nbi
nH cx U dJ {UU kH nU h[> Y neU
.n _Y neU nbi fdU
UeI f_x nY |w

A Y }ha> R nY R |w x L dU \R {hU

{L ne=
{x{> .()>}nY Y }B Y R >nedT Y }g^x }bU
R U gaY {x
i O }w~U {hU
p]U A}I R

}hQ }B nh]_e= {x
neU l= rU Y pex}cU nx
nbi cx {_H }bU A Y }ha> R U d>
n Rn\Y n= bfx negi eU |w Y R phdB{Y fU
d_U

US R }B Y
R x}cU }bU R nY hS Y }B }S U

US [ :|dK ] o g I o w h zT X T n v ... :Un_>

dL { pa {x
[ : x}Y] m g c ^ ?
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fU
cx odJ px`dU
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342

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

|g`= Q cT [Q zgT
mX
|aT @ X

A Y) }ha> R dU \R {hU
nY {_x w {= dL L

ng_Y rAnU {x p@ U [U oinx pbhbU L (}bU

!U }Y

qhU hdL >

cex U n}L U|T hU }Y

.neU nbi R f_Y }[fx rh= }hT p@ U peHnA

:w n}L w U }hZi cex

hR pbhbA w neU nbi R }wnK () pedT :

neU U fL {_dU o@Y

.pRn[U pfx}bU Y
ai nx}T odJ nd= U }RY pfx}bU fL nx cex

}B }Y Y ~U dL Y{S {L {UU dL x]U } pgU

~_Y Y nY {_= {UdU Z>
nei nbx .fY ineU hU

:Un_> US = pex}cU px R hdL hU neY

U lR Qx}Y
nd= {UUn= Qnx}T new dL hU m g c ^ ?
...
.pxf_eU >na

343

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

nY}U |w {_= U
|w R Qnx}T `Zx nY U n Rn\Y |w
nU h[> Y ilR nT U i n= }x {U w ne= {UU hU
\R {hU
U|U .>ni dL Zx gR U|U
S y
nY dU
:nS U|U {U w ne= {UU w cx U Qnx}T hR }cax
Y }eU Y fex |w neU nbi dJ R nH cx U
.fU
U n Rn\Y n \x neU nbi w

}S nfw :m ghm>
pxn= }eU () f_Y {x{> dL {>
X T d T p ` A h
:US pgU U neU nbin= pex}cU
U }baU m g c ^ ?
... US [ : x}Y]

}? nY Y ghU bfx nY nd= hUY Y RB dL {>

fU
w d]eU T }R Y ngU f_Y phinU }baU
.n h
n hi
nx}T od]x f_Y

neU h_>
U }baU :U dL nx cex
fY L
neU :hhf_eU oHnf> }baU |w U

= ?U {L pg@ Y Y dL fY nx eY
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.n \x neU }hQ R phZB Y

|w Y U U peHnA pfx}S qhU gR phinU }baU nY

nhiU n
b T Q | S
G
:Un_> US f_Y neR
X m
g
TmZT
:US f_Y nY [ : x}Y] m Zc X mS h
X m g h

m g | X < zeK mS
R US f_Y nY [ : }eL ]
}B Y
.nU h[> Y n |w Y lR [ : x}Y]
344

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

>j> {S = n e px}A U hbU c> }\U Y hU

.phh>

n_x neY
fU
w px R U () j= bU :m Tm>
|w Y chR nx |w e= qU {H U O }w~U p]B Y
.O }w~U {hU
|U YH gaU dL n @}B }haU
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:dx nY hdL }x cU

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}Y U qadx U }_eU
U YT
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gR neU nbi nY .neU w nH cx U R adhU {UU w

.{UU b> {_= nU h[> Y

Y }eU cx af> O }w~U {hU

p]B
nY [S fU
n= }x hx p]U hdL {>
w px R
T }wnK Y bU |gU n_> R hdL pex}cU px |w \be=
}ha> R }hZU ncY zhZU }L U|U O }w~U {hU

neU hhf_eU oHnf> O }w~U {hU

p]B (Y)
.fY L

p]B Y n_x fU
w j= bU nT
|U YH
gaU dL }U o@x neY
O }w~U {hU

gaU nT nehR }_eU bx neR O }w~U {hU

{>

./ :nhadB ()
345

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Qn[U

nY L nY Y n_x (neU w) }B

i P fU
L neU Y }hQ R px |g= U{H
@m mS |R cK |X
m^T Q gcK |X
:nS
{^w
w|X < gK

|aT T n@m |Q hmT

cT @iQ T K <
iQ {^w
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j= bU
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Y nx neU Y L
fU
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fY }bx nY ow|eU } Unx neY

= bU hnbU _U

A Y) }ha> R nB neY
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U o@x

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R :Qnx}T p[S
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h= {@ S [ : x}Y]

. / :hdbU i ()
./ Y ngi nY fU
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mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

pYL pU Un_> dU Y odJ Qnx}T }x :

m=

n_heU ng= }_x pYL }B f_e= {UU T qS dL ng= {x

.Un_> dU {L |U {LU ni qS

Y {L }U |w nB {S
.()x}aeU

dL ng= {x
pYL odJ Qnx}T }x :hmT m=

fY nZU
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.n]hZU Y hU Un_> dU Y {LU dL {x

}B
Y {L }U |w dL
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cT [Q zgT

pbd _eU nxU A}I R {x{> (}bU A Y) }ha> R

hUneA dU \R {hU

}J ( :}eL H) Y ngai p[bUn=

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.pb>}eU }hQ pe_f U |w dL pYL cU ngdJ U px

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./ :{x{U / :}I / :n_U nh= / :nhU eY ()

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./ :}bU A Y ()
347

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

dL A}]x i YT Y }wn^U cU
neA }]x (x}Y)

px{= R }L
= ~U neA i
U|U {fL }bx neY
hU A> U phdbU pfhije]U h_x nx}T ne=
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.()..ngbb x dU }hQ h]x px od]R LnfbU ?x jR dU

{hU
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oT ngew
nY he@ {[= nfU
U }hZi nei n}L Y dH
@ nT {S px odJ _U U }L x Y }_i U nfi :bx
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Y ij= nfeJ ?U ~hheU od]U (px) }ha> :

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gY{bY

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= .~heU R

:nwnaY {LnS
dL U f= gi hU }aeU
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n]hZU pHH deU T h= }aU R}_x {=

ge[_U nhi
U dL nJn]U {hU
d L {S .g= n]hZU oLx x
dU x}_= w nei gR}_>
T w :Ub=
d_x ox cU A
d R U|T nT g> bH gai S Y gU Un_>
. / :}bU A Y ()
./ :nhadB ()
348

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

|Y
U = }_x px U _x = Y nx}T }_x
x
R ncI nT px U dU _x U nL ox U U _i U R
.()..d Y

x Y }_x U i (nhadB) =nT R _U |w S :m ghm>

gR pfhije]U dL [U @ px odJ dU \R {hU
}L
gR R qhU w L px}eU nB }x i }_i nfi ox}Q
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< =mh md< obdT =meQ |S T nfw

c^w n@iQ
<
mK mdT

bT K hmT dw
gT @ cT X ZT T
T ow
T cK zaw h c K c bw T hmT X mdcQ
:mR mw o>>
.()..cT

hS cZ=
dU \R {hU
ncR Ax _U |w {x :m Tm>
rU d]Y ni}T
h_Y R p[bU
|w sUnL dU \R {hU

{S (x}Y) H R inU (}eL ) H R new{A }ha> Y

}cZU }`U px }wnK w }S (}eL ) H R }

(x}Y) H Y }B eU R }B neA }T _i .?dU

neY
}ha> Y n ai }T ne= n hf`Y }ZU {[= i {Tkx
hd_> Y
.(}eL ) H R (pxU)
) H p_@}Y {_U _U |w nL |U oU w nY {i
.U Y {x~Y ng_@}Y R lR (}eL

./ :~heU ()
./ :hdbU i / :nw}U ()
349

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

Qgw h :qTmT qT

[R {b_i oHnfeU Y cx U
f_U |g=
{S }\U Y
h}_eU _= cU
x}cU }bU U dL
nw}LnR dbU gH Y ngd _U nL (}bU A Y) }ha> R {@
.}L {bfdU n AH
Qhx i

{_= nY ( :x}Y) H Y Un_> US dL n bhd_> n@ }baU

X me c d @ d X o w X g
g e T X f g c K c T ^ h w
{ T T
w kw Y }eU cx {S :(}bU A Y) R {bR ... h
new hx x}Y H }T Ai nY{fL nff cU ..dU _i x|U hfU

...nhi Y nhU

yU Y :(nhadB)
=nT R }_eU oT {S

:nx}T bx rhA }bU = } neT hdH}eU dU nhi Y nT

c T

g
TmZT
X m g h Z @ zg G c T X o d c b < m R zZ X g g < | Y w
:n_i) H R qU~i U nx @ .[ : }eL ]
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rhA (
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}bU yx}[U UnY U n hi
cx U Qhx }x dU \R
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Qhx

}Y
{S dbU gH Y U cx ex U neU :bfR nfbhd_> nY
UbU (}bU A Y) }ha> R rhA U }h^i Q p[S
R
afU nB hU na] i [ : J] < m ?
> :Un_>

. / :nhadB ()
350

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|w }Y R x}]U ()..L}R p\S R }nA n _n T}x dR

=nT R bi _U
(}bU A Y) }ha> Y }baU |w ()(nhadB)

hdL !!L}a= pSL nY j]U |w dL hfdU p@nA px {x U

!U }hQ ]U R B{U Y gU Y U ex U nedR
{A {d Y R S neY
nY j]U |w x}]U

_U = sA
. S {d eU Y ( ) R }B () R new{A

nA U nx }ha> U _U |w @}x U neU U U n Rn\Y

\R {hU
nghdL
w nY }hU ( :}eL ) H Y neY
.!|gT nL }bR Y {@ ne= aT neU !Qhx
R dU
i

yx} y cZ=
(}eL ) H R w neT yh[U
Y) }ha> Y YnU ~U R U {S nhi Y Qhx
()
nehR Qnx}T p[S
R fU
pY{bY
ne> nbU {x (}bU A
.rdU pJ> pex}T nx Y = {bi

./ :}bU A Y ()
./ :nhadB
()

./ :}bU A Y ()
351

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ow|T ncI QGX eT

> G
g
>
:Un_> US }ha> R dU \R {hU
X mh z K
oT
A G
R o c g T g
m v g
a gX Q | Y^ < mvm
e d d = o c g T
^ < < m
X m
G = x c X R Q e` c A
G

z ` d T g
X m? md T * w
T h|= T m
R g T | ]h
R < d c S me =ma gd T
b
h m
T | ]h

| A m S c ^ ? c T < c = md c Q h| = Q h mb X | a G
kQ T
R * g
R m
Q md c Q m a^ GX
mw m
eX j d T m h g T p = h m G m

b < = mG | < m
e T c K g ` \
S g = mX { Q X
h G
X
YT
Q T me S * w
gZ ` = o ] K X H S X
b T
X
T
| Sm

` T bw

g
a Gm
iG mf e @ i< { A iw X R | X a < mv { Q H
.[ :}L]

YS L}R Y }[U pdA}Y w A HY pdA}Y qinT

}caU @
R }x
nT |U iL}aU nh`]U dL \bx @ Y
dL
dL pHneeU @
R ..dU {hA> L nfU n_= }acU B

|w R HY pT}_Y qinT ..{_U pAnH L nhU n_= d^U B

ncR dH Y }Tj= n> Y }T R }>
dL {Tkx
n>

{hAU U L{U ..d_eU dA}eU {gU n]i R hhh h]bi

R }eU
nY nfw cx U ..h}H f= }x}> {_U B

352

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

hR {x YncY _x}Z> }cR

sYni}= L rx{dU {x nehR
p_x}ZU nhU nxn\bU ph[U hwnaeU niU }cU {w
U cU R T}A R pbhS{U ngdhnaU pdYnZU pdYncU
U ^f>

>nSnJ phef> @ Y pnU

pYn_U

>nSL >Yn_Y US UneL

R RB Y oHnf> pdLnR
S
U ngdxU phde_U phA}U px}caU
S }>
iL}aU nh`]U ~g> pT}_eU qLn]H ..

h}H f= bx w {x{@ R HY fdU

yai dU {b= HY

w nY _ax neR ..gUB Y R{w nexU b x @ Y

U px}caU ]U
gU ^f>
{A d ex gd_> w}hca> B

[> Y = bd]fx nehR px}cR

w}n> U TnZedU hd>

}[U nR R gg@> U hwnaedU

gU ^f>
nehR g>nhA B

{x w ..nSL {w
nH n xnZY Y = T}x

p_x}ZU cU >|U }cR }caU cU d T U R n h> }cahU

[I SY Y T}x
x|U d[eU w neT pnU _x}I

HY cU
..p hgU

p x}Z= p UnH pUnH}U cR phdeL R

a L}aU g@Y px{= R dL {S Un_> dU S Y H
dU dL bx i phUnH}U
>}heU d]feU {A

U|= U

sgfeU H}hU dU A }^fx i ..x}ZU h]U R }caU R

_x}I dU x Yni}= chU p_x}ZU }ZhU U

~T}hU

{x{U pdA}eU R HY }^i |cw .._x}I HY x

U|= U dU {L n@ ..p_x}ZU U dU [ax

AU hdL ~fx
h[a> p de@ hdL ~fhH ncU }B n fh_Y

{LY U {A
353

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

U R cx S dS R Lx hdL
hR }cax
U d ]x pYn_U
]U B Y nxn\bU nh[B }_hU

YS U _hU p_HU ng=nA R nhU > hT ncU nR

gU
YnA
p =}> U
|w R nL ..h]U ~hY px}^fU B

nY |w dU Y }Y o_ SeU }L
p bLn {x}R
inhT ~w
..nx |w R nfU@ Y hAi

> G
g
a gX Q | Y^ < mvm
e d d = o c g T g
^ < < m
>

X mh z K
L YS L oh`hU _Y {LY U >jx U dU {bR ..o c g T

nge>
?
h?? qinT hcR pdhU h_= g_Y phYhU pxn_U T}A

dU Y U fx hT {LedU nJ ne> w w ..}Z_= dU

.. }hT d L U L Un_> {L d x edT d > |U
h[a> c> {_> pUjeU Un_U dU }wn^U
n hf R n x}h_>

cR ..}gZU w phfY {A e> h?U nLn= ..h_= L

ng= p d[ Y gaeU R ngfL p d[afY {AU |w dL nx }Z_U Unhd U
A G
R
m v g
..}baU pxngi R ng_e@ |gU ..Y~U R
X m
b> U phA}U nhbU Y Zh_x gU {=

R X R Q e` c A

hgx
nex =
w}T|x
dUn= g]=}x |U A}U U
gU

{x{U pdA}eU R gU ncU nbH A}U db_U w@

U ged x phinex @ L w{_x {S nhbU L wn_=

Y zxnU U oH U _U U g_R{x pR}feU nx}T|U

dL yafeU }ZU phdbL B
pSeU g>nh[I
R px_U |U

pe{U pxnL}U Y {x~eU U kw nx ne=}R

..n_H jJ q>
354

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

L {h_= ph[ZdU {x{U nfU phdeL neT @ Y

}? kY T
YS R adx nw hB HY |cw ..pex{bU ph[ZU
w |U x}_U U

ni kI R nH}U B
U
G = x c
i w
R B
z ` d T g
..nhU
pT}A R nw|haf> pbx}J R ghdL pA}]eU }caU e\Y

nehR nLnfY nRB Y gfh= [x nehR gfh= nehR nS_U

nY ..dU
=nx oinU R |w ..SU {hb_> Y U }_x

n? R x{aeU hH n> L nfY gR ngfY dU oinU R

h@> ~w _ nS_U {hb_> TnZeU
nhini n> R n
Y Y U }hQ nh[_U nh>|U

nR R {eeU nhdU pdYnZU pA}U pAnU L ni ~_> U

L {h_= h[L
ai A {x dH
nT U U>
nhU

cx U U nw Y od]x hT ..cU ..pYn_U

phini @

phU
|w Y U p@n=
w w ..fU
R U n cx}I

R pegeU

pR}_Y dex nT nw |w f_Y hU ..U

|U }hU B
h@U |w Y HY ne=
}caU U {Tkx
= fU
hdL }h>
U nx B Y
nehR h]U nY R }^f> U p_[U pegeUn=

px}caU gUaJ gbR h Y phHnbU p=}U B Y R}_x

Y ne=
..dB{U g_S dL ehgx |U A}U {U
j= YbU Ax U
}Y hU naU L {_U B

ZdU B rhA Y n Y~U = gY~U chU @= n iw}Y

nA R g>nhA cx }Y w = gx{U S
Y d ex nY nH dL
355

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

ni dL }a> U dU pUnH Y d]fY i =nhQ @

..}B ni

oS}x S =
oS}x
R < d c S me =ma gd T G
h m
g T | ]h

X m? md T
= Ax {x}x nehR =
ed T U dU n]L |U {LeU U HY

..dS }e`> }Yn`U n_Un= }_I gU U

R HY sY{i hU

d e> nehR hU dU nedT hA> nehR phA}U In= A qnaR

ne= i Y nhd_U p@{U U U dU Y }bU in_Y Y

od]R peUnA phA

p^U
R gU fU }I Y inhT R sw>

h
Y hU h B {bR g T | ]h
:nbR ..hU }^fx = Y
bx nfw ..x od]x U cex }x x dU T ex

h^_U fU

|gU cex hcR ..phYT phadR }hA paS }aeU

eH
B Y }_x w =
Y heU od]U |w Y od]x

n xnY {@ hU dU dUn= pR}_eU U nL R U~fY p_R @

n HY
}eU j= g\_= n@ ..I deT hU gR x ceU
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_Y ni kUn= pLnfS Y n S]i jx U ij= ..}B n@

..gU {LeU U bR x|U YS kU p =nH UkH nT =

..kU |w dL Ln[U U nY @U n g@ gd_x jR
R {h_U Y {i {bR ..kU |w HY jx {_i nff cU
|w Y HY }JnB R }Y
nY

{S cx neA [U
dh[aU [U
U|= hdL ~f>
{S cx U AU phgU |dU

Y adaU oindU phdYjU

hUnU Y {x~edU nY nfw cx U
356

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

incY U {>
U phdb_U n_eU

pUnH L {>
f_Y n Yne> }_i i ..QHY {U n A}]Y cx {S U

|gU ..px}caU H}U ph[I R inex [dU

x{U YncU

i
U pbeU ncA Y }hcU dL n ^a>
nfw ni nfilR
|w Y R neT ph>|U n_H _= i}bU fU
x]> n>

Ai nfilR ..px
nehR }bU Y {x nhi ph[ZU ni[>

nH {[eU gR na
Y ghdL `x rxnA Y gfL nf?{x

}i i ..adB Y x{x h= Y JnU h>jx |U hY

i}bU rx{U
nhi {U _\U nbi dL >nx _= R ~T}x

neT
}bU {x}x U px}ZU SY Y w{fL bU
nbi dL ~T}x

R B{i {x}i gR ..n> Y }T R i}bU [U

R nw~T}x

nfai }afR ..Y |w e= d _x nehR }bU dL phYT {x~Y

fU
ngdbx

nhiU pfh_Y
pbx}]= dU T xj> ni ?
[>
.nhA _= R
eA xjU gai nfi
neU nH dL }wn^U B dL ad U

hU nfw cx }wn^U Y }dU {=

..negfY }bx nY pxnfcU
n hI {i UB Y }wn^U L ad U }[i A dbL ^aU
f_eUn= }^fU Y inY nfw hdR px |w Y R x|w Y
Y px @ R {@ yU }wn^U w = HY dJ nehR U

@ Y d U pedT h]_> nehR YnY dU ngY{S

U p=}U B
h]x |U i Y dU dU g@
nehR px}[U px}U pUnH
nT U ?
.. inH U d U nT U hcR .._Y Hnex U
357

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

U nhgi R p=}U |gU ox}S @ nfw nT neU phdbU px}U }eU

oindU @
ex U pUjedU nY f_Y Y h]_> nehR

R ..dU f= }? j> R eU R dbU
px}U h| = T m

c>
}R hx nehR px nY n[B ex |U {edU
T
b
| ]h
..I deT hU n[= T{> |U dU U pfUn=
HeU ]_> U p=}U ngi h| = Q h mb X | a G
kQ T T

dU {bR }B oin@
Y cU ..p=d]eU pUjedU phh> }cR

x
A p_]S p_]S ngx w h^_U U |w U }^fx U

hdL i hd> L pxnfT cx {S |U gU d U nY hY U

\R ..dU i @x dY deU
dU @x L
cex hcR
f= c T < c = md c Q ..ai R n fceY }Y U nT U >|=
pL~aeU pY{[U w Y n S_[Y m a^ GX

| A m S c ^ ?
Q md c Q hdL eQ A pL}eU
R phgU pbhbU U qd > m
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x
ph> pQ
Y n bd]fY U nT H px}dU dJ R {U
n>

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nh[L U R cx Y A}U {fU L } h_T p=U dL
R ph[_eU af> U pe[_U pUjY R B{fU
g T p = h m G m

{fUn= _I R yhU U _R{x phgU pe^_Un= heL nA

R
|U nex Y phUn_U p@{U R g
eX j d T m h
p=U U L{x

nR R _ZU pedcU }caUn= e^L nR R dU yhU

d]fx
R ..ZU B pLn]Un= _x}I
g ` \
h G
X mw m
358

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

b < = mG | < m
e T c K
cde> neU nfU h= Y >}B X
p= pex~_U S
Y beL A nex na Y
~heY
p a nhiU _x nY w |w ..nin_eU } SeU {

{=
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nghSB nghA h_x Y U
n[U dex HU ngbR

R =}> Y _> U phde_U px}caU

p=}> ngT}A pUnH}U B
..nhdU phUnH}U snfU nA R peh^_U {bU Y dL p @ni

HeU dU |U heU U
i}bU }h_U |w R Ai {S

U {x{ZU pY{[U {_= U xnL dU pe=

nA R Zh_x

~hU px}U odJ p=}> R ngg@x

}_x ai Y dH
I T

na] |w }eH U dL {bR U R hdL o\`x U dU j=

YT dU nH eA phUkY Y deA
ne= nfU L ~heeU

YT
UnH R U Bn= ..dU w
X S g = mX { Q
| Sm

U ngdx>
=nx de_U }cZU w U|R nhdU }cadU B

pUn= ex |U _ZU }cZU U pRnn= pUnH}U Y R

Q T me S
H S X
T
..B{U R A}U nfY
dL g=dS ya> o ] K X wn_Y gIn_Y Y R nfU @nx
hU bd]fhR }hU dL g=dS ya> e^_U _ZhR dU

gZ ` =
nhU Y h^f> R p_x}ZU ncA = }>

nehR H b T
x}J R ngd T nhU }U
ng>h[a> ng>}aY c= pnU
pYn_U

nHU h]> nghU L{U Y {=

R ..hwi }Y B Y dU
i ncR h@> nfU nhA R }x
S U ngdxU phde_U

359

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

nehR a < mv { Q ..HnA _S cZ=

ngR{w ngehwnae= ~U
YL Y pT}U L{U = d]f> nehR S
Y }caU ex

w d> ..SeU b=
@> pUnH}Un= {>
U bU

nx{U

}eeU L{U
b=
cU
nw|Bjx UnH}U hdYnU dU U nL{U
{ZhR
R gd_> U phde_U phA}U px}caU bU
}nfL T

_\U YL ngY~g> U pYnU peHnU pg@eU SY

Z ahdR mf e @ i < { A i w X R | X
xgU oL}U nH ngah>
}hH ..= |BjhU nghR A L
nhd_U p>}eU ex nghR nY T

w = gaY gaY h= x}Z> x}Z> h= na> R ..U

R
R pecU L {S dU heU R U
Y {x}x nehR U T

nghdL [x U n_U R nhi{U

R YkeU niU aU hb>

..dU {L g@Y R ngbbx U U

pd`= }[fU R >nhA R

` T bw

nhA h_> hT U
L {_= x|U g

a Gm
iG
R U
neU T
S

nY pex~gU U gf> nf_U nbZU

.()..fYkeU ngx cU pSn_U cU

ow|T ncI QGX eT

HY fU
h= {@ pe?

nU dL Un_> US }ha> R x}aeU

R Q
h m
hd> cex [ : }L] g T | ]h
:UnUn= pUjeU |w R phh}U nwn> [eU
neA

h
| ]h
S cx :
md@
:QHY fU

. / :}bU A Y ()

360

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

nU }h?j> q> px}U dJ chR YbU px}U odJ nbY R g T

{S Un_> dU px dL UnH}= = ginex bd L x|U YS Y {x{ZU
b T v T i w :Un_> US R neT U x}cU }bU nfhdL S
m

d T X m <m S f gc K } e =
c T mh T ma Q T X | S G
X T i G z a Q m

ZT
c R
:Un_> US [ : nfU] f d c ] < o a Km
f = { A i Q | f ?
ZT
= h o a Km
| ]e
b = { A i Q | f ? c T | h @ T X j h T G
X mw

R o ` ? |T
f b c v p H T m
f = { A md c Q :Un_> US [ : }bU]
w R X
.[ : }L] me X mf ` T

^ Q md < me b cf = m

h
| ]h
:QHY fU
S cx :hmT md@
}[U U
}^fU {x}x f cU }wn^U w neT pbhbA US g T

}B R [x |U }\U d_U f_e= px}U od]x =

Ujx nhi gU ngZU }JU {fL ~hU nhi{U
R cx

R =
Qhw}= jH neT }JU nHU Y gfL ~x nY
.nhA phdeL dL SU

h
| ]h
:QHY fU
S cx :qTmT md@
U i nY phU
px}[U px}U odJ i pbhbA QUS g T

]bhU dJ pbhbA dL SU {x}x i hnaU |w U qadx

.inh= >jhH neT U }hQ ZU

g\_= hR y@
SY {>
|U qSU aR pfxnY x}aeU

H]U zhZU

()

\>}eU x}ZU L neT

neA

()

. :nhi x~f> ()
./ :nhU ()

361

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

()
neA _U y@
{bR }T nY cx ne=
= H}]U
w rUnU cx }B eA nehR ()nJn]U {hU
L neT inU
zhZU L neT ()_Y oi x}cU }bU }wnK Y n Yni }T
{x{U }ha> R ~U zhZU IncU }ha> R phf`Y
.}bU A Y }ha> R dU \R {hU

md@ oYRmeX

\R xbx
odJ Qi dL pU {U nx}U L
md@
:
hU cx cex nY }bU R YbU px}U
US R neT hdL
b = { A i Q | f ? c T | h @ T X j h T G
:Un_>
X mw c R
ZT
= h o a Km
f = { A md c Q :Un_> US [ : }bU] | ]e

w R X f b c v p H T m
R o ` ? |T
mf ` T

^ Q md < me b cf = m

dU ni UnbR U Y }T HY UjH {bR .[ : }L] me X

ZT
o a Km
f = { A i Q | f ? c T mh T ma Q T X | S G
X T i G z a Q ..
.[ : nfU] f d c ] <

Y HY S g= nT S nY dL pU nx |w
.Un_> hdL x nY UjH rhA
|gU {hxj>

:UnUn= neA neU |w R Snfx cex

Qn}U

nY L nY R pZSnfeU cex

./ :nhU eY ()
.{_= nY / :~heU ()
:}bU A Y / :phf`eU IncU / :~dU {x{U }ha> @ ()
./
362

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

{S :nS ~heU }ha> R nJn]U {hU

= Sni ne= neA
L n@ i Qn}U L YjeU UjH nehR h_U R {[U
afU YS nU L U jH nei HY px R px}U kH

UjH dU wnhA ?
pbLn[U g>|BjR }g@ dU ni UnS neU gilR

pUnHn= ghdL }R
afU Ujx HY
:nbR hdL }jR

pf @ nB R hU ni}I neT px}U .YS dL

A}bx nY dL h
w pe
nB R pedeU R> ngi dL {fU pah_
Y deY L n}U dL
wnB lR R qhU

o]B pnB
px}U T ~dx QU o@Y R phdbU px}U d U rx{A
kH px R T|eU
x}]= U ?
px}[U px}U w n =@
p U nw}wnK B icU px dL n]i }hT ]fx U{@

neT ghdL }U
U hdL A}S U gilR HY nA }wnK B
^ ?
G
X mw HY nx :UnS hA c f = R b h :Ub= ghdL
.()o f T f T md S m fT me T

:Ub= {H nY
px } dL pfx}bT | f ? c T mh
n S}R nfw pgU hR pZSnfeU cex ilR nw}wnK L rU Y
}wnK px |w od]U R }wnK rU nbY px hYnbeU h=
}ha> dL pfx}S c> yd[> R YS S Y {U
nf_U R

.rU Y px

R :QHY nU dL Un_> Ub= {H U|T

m
w R X f b c v p H T
dL nf= me X mf ` T

^ Q md < me b cf = m

. / :~heU ()
363

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

U }hZ> ngi rhA Y rU Y px }ha> dL pfx}S ngiT

nghA
px |w pU R pZSnfeU cex Un_> dU px gdJ

nB |U nbheU nT nY pUnA R phfx}bdU

yd[> nei ngi phfx}bdU

px}U hR odJ |U ai nbheU w YS Y h_U U HY

}haU |w cU
r= {@ Y
pbhbA ind= YS nU dL

nbheU {_= [A i }B nbhY

U }hZ> ngi pex}cU px }wnK
:Un_> US }wnK w neT _U nL U nI hU{=
me b c f =

U = px}U gdJ gUS U nI hR hU me X mf ` T

^ Q md <
S nY U p nI
nbheU R lR U Y }T = .gd_R
{i nehR }hHnaU B dL eU phZ`U Y QHeU
p H T :pex}cU px = inU nbheU R |w Y n HedY n hI
.()g=n nY [x U i dL pU Y d> m
w R X f b c v
nY nx}U _= R neT
HY U nB |U nbheU dL {x
pa@}U U nI Y nY pU{= }B nbhY w YS h_U Q
nw S i QHY dL wL o= qinT g>|B U
.px}U gdJ o= hU

d_U f_e= px}U }ha> R inU neA nY :hmT md@

()
{x |U nJn]U {hU nY w neT }\U
nx}U Y {_=

./ :{U nhfbY }ha> @ ()

= {H
nY _= R cU n_U :pxU pUnH / :~heU ()
R a_x = = px R neT ncI Y dx nY (pxU pUnH) R nx Y nJn]U {hU

A R U }> dL d_U
..(
d
H
U
hdL
dU

d
)
fU
L
nx~U
YnT

.UnA dcI ZU phgU Y hU dL {x phw jhw

364

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

:ng@ {L
Y hR Snfx ilR

US Y oHnfx i L{= U H]U zhZU = Sni ne=

d_U f_e= px}U ngai px R nehR h| = T :Un_>
T Ub= Un_> dU hafx hcR }B R [x neY
}\U
()

.()fL U d c> {S nJn]U {hU

nT h| =

}\U d_U dL eU Y \>}eU x}ZU = Sni ne=

R}L nw{fL U nx U }^i i :f_eU chR }x{b> U nx
px}U odJ Qi w
neA B dL |w }
U|U }x{b> U nx ilR YbU
neA U \>}eU {hU
nY
.()inU neA >}x U

f_e= px}U }ha> Y n \x \>}eU x}ZU = Sni ne=

cx Y dx U dJ R QHY f_x }\U d_U
}hQ nhi{U

px}\U pR}_eU R n TnI

nI
R ngU[A y[x

nT lR
hdcU {LS ninx{U U @}x nehR ZUnR
n TnI
R nhi dL x
bhbA dL U d_x x {S nehH

Y gfL }hafU R d= |w pR}_eU R ghdL {x~hR gY _=

T
}hQ U|= n eUnL QHY nT gfY fex I
@ R hR nI
UkU
.()
U f_Y U _hR YbU H i
./ :nhU ()
./ :~heU ()
. :nhi x~f> ()
. : . ()
365

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

od]U Y px}U nx }wnK cx w :qTmT md@

.QHY odJ ngi px}[U px}U w

pgU hR Snfx cex _i

~_U U Y QHY fU

wn@ cx x hcR
.od]U |w Y pUnHn=

nhS pUnA R x nei }bU }wnK Y {_U j= hR Snfx cU

QHY cx cex pRn pfx}S pe? hU pRn[U pfx}bU

{_= dx
hnaU |w Y U qadY }hQ
U i pnB px{hb_U

JnS
cZ=
}]> U {_= hnaU |w Y c> cex U

ZU
]bx jR YnT cZ=
nghU n adY chU rU n= dL
.hbhUn=
px}U odJ w inU neA dL {x~x neA |w Y
nT}Zx negi U n@ n@ ilR \U d_U f_e= phdbU
fU
px}[U px}U qinT H px}U S R n TnI
T }R R
.phdbU px}U

nf= U = ~x neAnT dU \R {hU

U }J {S
pnB
pRn[U pfx}bU nhS {L }B }haU phA {L dL
n LY cx ai x}cU }bU Y d]fx {=
}haU
.pbeU phdbU }U ncRU

}ha> R oT phf`Y @ {eY zhZU neA |w y@

{S
H px}U odJ {S HY lR cx negY .. :rU Y px
lR od]U |w R j=
}i i gd@ Y d@ Y nT
366

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

U px}U U pn= cx nY U cx nY U Z>

ni ai
.()..U Zx nY Qhw}= odJ {S {hTj> n infeJ afU {x~>

R }T {x{U }ha> R ~U zhZU Y U }g^x

d_U {ha> U phdbU px}U YbU c> neA p?? px}U
:nS ?
.hZU @ }hQ dL inH e^_U px}[U px}U hbhU

nY Qhw}= odJ bR QdJ }wn^U hd_> S |w T

.()nhi o> pU@ Y nex e_x
{hb_U zH}x

}eU
R neT ai inU neA R }wnK nx}U _= dL

S z = :Tm^= cT aT ^dw T fcw ... :Qn[U L

z w v m Z <

\ c T v m
US [ : n_i] |g T g
Z <

T h|= T :HeU
b
h| = Q h mb X | a G
kQ T T | ]h

h X cI mdh m a^ GX
| A m S c ^ ? c T < c = md c Q

mgT G
mT pa^ pSzQ
X |w [S T cK
R @ gcK m
Q md c Q m gX m a^ GX |A
h m G m

:< Q|^X T p^? |= h K X R X g T p =

| = hi< [ : }L] g
eX j d T m h
Sz= mZ<
.()cK |]edTm< ph
| =
h| = T :US chR px}[U px}U ai nbY R px}U lR
ngZH nhH R ngi pnB phdbU px}dU n hai ngU n hai

./ :IncU ()
./ :{x{U ()
./ ~heU @ :nB in_Y L ()
367

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

z w v m Z <

bx U|U m
Z <
S z = :Un_> Ub=
y@}x
Y hR nY hR
cex nY neA Y
neA
ne=
pb=nU px}U {>
neT n}L
|U rUnU neA {b>
.pU{U |w @ R Yj>
Y afU px}U odJ QHY dL

=nT R _U nedT R }g^x |U hU }g^x {b>

neY

()
neA (nhadB)
hZ> }hQ Y px}U phincY R fU
I

R \>}eU x}ZU L neT >na[= Un_> dU }_x Y fex

cx x hT i nbx |{fL
()rUnU neA dL bhd_>
x}ZU nY hdL }x cex _i ..>na Un_> dU }_x n hi

fU
i Y \>}eU
cx U d_x Y h?_eU R cx ne=
.afY w }hafU o@hR = n RnL
\R {hU
nedT R nY h= naU U }hZi {[U |w R
nhadB nT R nY }bU A Y }ha> R w neT dU
}_i i :US }bU A Y }ha> R pUjeU |w R
H}U ph[I R inex [dU
x{U YncU f_Y n Yne>

nhi } _ x nT dU :nhadB nT R {S ..px}caU

.sx{Un= >na {hb_U

}ha> dL nehR nJn]U {hU

px}^i dU \R {hU
Sni {S
{S :[i
nY n bA }Zfx nehR {x{U _J R }bU A Y

b T v T i w :Un_> Ub= U dL _U {H
} e = m
. / :nhadB ()
. :nhi x~f> ()
368

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

d T X m <m S f gc K
c T mh T ma Q T X | S G
X T i G z a Q m

dU ni UnbR US [ : nfU] f d c ] < o a KmZT

f = { A iQ | f ?
R pa@}U YS |B {_= HY rx{A R :Un_>
p H T m
w R X f b c v
.[ : }L] me X mf ` T

^ Q md < me b cf = m

ngilR U px nY U dL p^AY nfU

U dJ gi dL {>
U R =
d T gd]U nH HY px R }x U HY Y
w |w lR ai dU gx}x ph\bU cU U {x}x gi nLn=
}_x i ph> phAni Y U R}x HY nT od]dU oHnfeU
.ceY }hQ U :gU bx hdL }ax neY
hY d]eU
{_= dU ed T {_= =
Y U odJ |U w px |w R Ai
nL |U w Y R S}`H = heU A}U
Un=
@nY{i

dU U n> n b_ }B
|U w dU dU d > {fL p_[U p=}U
Ax neY
px neT .U Y

ged^= gU pbLn[U |B L {>

.kw SY c> qinT }cfU U Y pUnA nfw j=

nT bU q=n pa@ nfw j= A> ngilR phinU px nY

= dU dU d > Y pIni qinT ngi dL hU g_Y HY

nhU
SeU |w R gcdg> U g]b> U pa@}U dL {x
ncY B Y x}B YS {U phdH sni U kx H U

me X mf ` T
^ Q md < me b cf = :US nY .gcdw |U w ij= Yng>
inT HY g_Y bU kw U nI ngfY }eU cx {bR
ngaU = hi{U nb_U bx R U h_h]eU dUn= hfYkeU Y
dL .U bx x|U w YS Y x}B
nghR hU R nA T
369

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

SeU |w R HY p=}> w U px}U p=}> qinT p=}U dL

.Un_U dU YS
gU = {eY
= dL
L n}U nB hL R {[U px nY
.Un_U dU px p_hJ Y oHnf> {fU pah_ px gR

R> ngi dL {fU pah_ px}U ~heU }ha> R n@ {S

pnB
wnB lR R qhU w pe

nB R pedeU
phdbU px}U d U rx{A Y deY L n}U dL
o]B
kH px}U T ~dx U o@Y R
?
px}[U px}U L n =@
B icU px dL n]i }hT ]fx U{@
x}]= U

ghdL }U U hdL A}S U gilR HY nA }wnK B nw}wnK

nfU _@ HY nx UnS hA c f = R b h :gUb= ghdL neT
.()pgU gU neT n gU

Un_> i }g^x @U |gR xJ r= {_= ~heU oAn nS

phU
px}[U px}U {wnZeU px}U Y n eS YT R qx

phA
pU ne_H }hQ Y af= ZUn= }_Zx ni R _I i w
}caU x}J L @= {b_x nY }hQ =}=
_I niU px}cR
}x
o@nA fL x }hQ Y n i{@ {x = hU{U {H
fL pda`U U
U Y w ngT U hn_Y af= n`I
Y hdR d Y phd cUn= dL gZY @Y }Y L pdaQ
w pda`Un= gU |w L }L
= p U U|= }_Zx nY Un_> YT
b_U {xkx
inH YT fhx
nY |gR d_U d_Un= d_U

. :}bU }ha> R ~heU ()

370

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

|U .R qhU w pe
L nB R nY |T fhw}= Jn=
hUn[dU x
d_U |w Un_> YT Y dfx

nbd U px}Un= eeU

neT pYnhbU x dU nL Y
{ X w ?
:Un_> US }wnK hdL {x
h mf < T * |m

|g= }ZdU
JY nfgR [ : pYnhbU] | Jm
h

}eQ R }e`fY i{= `ZfY ni nhi{U

|w R nY
}ZU
=
A
nxv= }\U d_U nbd U x}]U UnH w ph_h]U

Sx
A x
U nT
U d_U |w x}J R {_= gR hShU n A{T =

R d Q m @z S < T m
S h mh

g
@
mf w mw :Un_> nS =
.[ : nbZi]
nA px}Un= }eU YT Y }wn^U :U dL Ai
{h_= dB{U {@U R ZU \A ex |U dB{U _ZU
.ngU x R >|= ni nAlT px}caU phU
L

U px{U pUnUn= {][> px_ZU phdbU px}U |w Y cU

L pda`U U = k> ngT U hn_e= af= ni `Z>
px}U |w fex |U w |w gZY }Y R fJnU nA eL
{@ R }`H Y ni nghR }x
U }B nhi{U
R

.n_eU nT

Y hxn_U nfU p=}> R nT f_eU |w dL }x

HY gfY ~_U U nhi R hU ilR hUn[U dU nL
}`H L gai L dUn= pR}_eU nR R d`I x|U Q
gUn_R gUS R pe[_U InL wn@ ~i R _ZU
bd x pR}_eU nR R x peU
nhA R gR gLn

371

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R w{fL dUn= _ZU nA JnfY L {h_= oU _x neY

.g_Y }B nhi{U

h mf < T pex}cU pxn= ngZH nY

dL ngdeA Y {=
R | Jm

rh= pYnhbU x R phgU pe^_U }H U }^fU R nfcU f_eU

neY
R x
U neT hi{A
R nfw ddU dU d x

}B SY

n inhL i}x inT U neT dU U }InY I @>

pUnA R nfU _x
.Un_U dU

j= x Y d U }bR ni h@> R ~heU oAn }T {S

HeU ai }h^f> hR :nbR px_ZU phdbU px}U Y }eU
lR U gK Y dU hd > gK dU hd = Q
pbdU R h^L @ w hdL w nY dL b= incY U }bH

.gK =

d > h]> @}x n \x ilR pSn]U R S

T
b
h| = Q h mb X | a G
:UbR
kQ T T | ]h
d > {S hT d U pUnH dL {Hn= hU [ : }L]
}bH {L d U SnJ Ln]H {_U x}_> ngI = U
.()U ]= neT d U S U @ ]= incY

oinU R hUjeU h= oHnfU w }wn^U lR U dL nfbhd_> nY

phU
dU px w HY dJ nY dL {hTjUn= pUjedU U

HeU cex cU }x ijI Y hU dU hY }Y w

p=}U @x
pUnH ngU R fe> rh= dJ neY
]B S

. :}bU }ha> R ~heU ()

372

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

dU d > nY nbU ex
nT fxc> R \U U U
hcR U
oinU R d U f_Y R U Y }bx ne= f= U

>@Y R d T @U ex
dU px HY ex
cex

.Un_U dU U

373

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

P eT
K
* T = ~
:Un_> US }ha> R dU \R {hU
K
oT {S
m?
^ ` e Q | S { w * S } w c ^ T w
z w mX * d K
X mX * | S {T
? X mX * S } w g c K mX * z Z = T ph
* ^ w m
i Q * e _ G

.[ :L] f c = e K ph
i Q * Y w v

T ? Q

{LnS R bd> ngf cU ng}Q f>

U Y |w
U phceU

rhA Y de_U TdH R dU dL ini odbU nai w {A

x}>
x{U ~heU chU >nhA R phSB in_eU phA}U h bU
neU |w R ..fL {_U }bU rhA Y dUn= pS_U w hhbU R

oJneU w fU
cx {S p?nA L U px{= R rx{U nT
na T Y hR}eU _= dL nai R }hQ cx {S = ngS_U ng=

ncR hedeU fYkY Y ha_\eU _= L `i x}S

gU
.phUnH}U pehbU w nehR eU |w phdH dL {Tkx
h@U

dB px{= R }hcaU i px}caU phLU R U pS]i qinT ?

R r_U pT}A U pa]fU p]bi Y @U pdA }[x nehR ni

niU dU phg> R SeU f>

U _R{hU dU phZY n]i

[x
374

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

nfU R efU pxngi U p=}U neU pU

h= LnaU px{= |fY Yn_J

p_a>}eU R {eeU }\dU dU [dU }edU gZU

neU TaU pLfeU

}>
hT pe_f Un= ni }cahU
n\aU R

.xhA
U fU @ U aU

_afx dR }h[eU pUjY R px}aU phUkeU L rx{U >

}S Y nfw }ax
rh= hUkY hR @x |U pYnhbU x {A

w }ZY pcAn @
h= U
|w R nfU d]fhU hU nfU

@ w } Q nghdL @
hb eU hfYkeU @
..} a U } a cU
{ZY ni bx dL e_> U Ai U R

chU deL R >|U hL R e_x

|U A}U }caU LU U
@U pT}A @= d _x neY
UA nehR Y~U Y n efY deL

R dU U {ZY bhU >nhA U a> U }aeU R UA Y

R fL a`x R I T
R = Jn>n= HnA
}acx SeU T
R =

dL }In= hbeU U
R SeU @x ?
]B
de_U

snfU n> nLn= nH |w dL snfU hU }B R SeU

.nY {beUn=

ow }h nG

Y
nwn? pegY
[aU ~i oH R }aeU
pUjY nfw

rx{dU n LY nT |U ZU A {@
R dB U

|gU nx ng= A> U na[U }hQ I fU

w w
sUn_fH ..e[L Y oHnf> ne=
fU
dB Y oHnf> ZU
375

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R U nx}U n]i R pUjeU |w

R YH
sgfeU B

.SB L{U B
cY = dU {L R nx qU~i :hS nhU eY R n@

kU = }YnL f= Y }gaU p_h= = UnY = yx}I = dU {L w

nZw = g@ n= p_h= = pL @nfx w P dU H > i U

{L = n_U
@}x dU U wL{x dB f= phY
n h= od]eU

xnfx _R dU ed L neY
fed L f}S dU H nx :nbR gYH
R pw}cU }gK A }hQ dL bY `ZY i {x {fU }cx

{xnf[U kw bx ai R nS YT _]bU P dU H @
ged cx x|U bU dL S fL }LjR nhe_U {h_U Ln> nei
e= n A}Y :nS Y}cx U {_= dU H nT nx qU~fR
R h>}Y
hR f>nL
pfx{eU dL adH p@nA U w :U bx =

.h>~Q

gRA
eT

odZK Qmew mX mev v

pU px }wnK R hU :(A dU {S)

{gU dL \>}eU nS
P {eY
}eUn= }[x
dL
fU
U Y }B w =
U ngg@>
nY nghR fL
na Y hU _U }hQ ng= f_eU dL {x
\R hfxneU {L Y P fU
?
x{I}eU hfYkeU L

pex}cU SB Zx }baU L gdx

nhfQU {[x
ij= U

g
] K c A c^ T h
:P a R inH US bU |w {xkx

c P m ] Q pe
c a T g
] T @ X [ ` h n
S T
:US [ : dbU]
376

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

{S }hQ = }eU T = ~
US }wn^UnR [ : }eL
K

nR P fU
f= Y @ R qU~i ngi Qn[U L
{fL nT phY
nedR
fL g@= }L 
cY =
L
ai e@ fY |b>
.hdL }ci U inH dU cR

UnR n i _U cx w }U y
dR :hS lR
n i cx R U hdL Zx
H eL Y ni _U
B HnY }Rj= |BjhU P hi
>nL cx hR
inH dU o
YkeU hUj> R}_x

{I}eU YkeU nA ^L dL U|= gfx

:nU nS inex R n _eJ }ZeU hUj> Y U >nx dL hbhU
inH dU fL gfx S ph[_Y cx _aU dL pU |w R
gfx U
.qSU |w R

xj> R H Y n Li eL d_R nY R :hS

fL }Ln=
S }baU fL }L i wx
x nT i
n[U L U dL inH dU >n_R n eh^_> gHnx}U ghdL
:nS cY = dU {L P dU H nT :nS i Q
A ]d U = f[x nT {= hR dU f>n_x dU n A}Y n A}Y
nT
.= _ax nY fU
L cx

eI rx{U }T H}]U zhZU Y{S

|U }_U |w _U
Y TdH R P {eY
pi A }{U n}LU
fU
U p[bU
.U]= nfdbi U|U eL

377

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

mw|T oYRmeX

{x}i i
H}]U zhZU ng[U
U nx}U dL hd_U
nL
= pZnL L nehR fU
U eU pi R U
[> cex U nLn]iU fU
L bf> ngi AfU
[>
cex neY
|w ..{h_U nhe_U w Ln> j= {xnf[U kw {U
L{U eY {U p haB
p UjY qhU pUjeU |w n h cx
eeU Y daU pb]U d ex inT P fU
hdbU
n> lR
Y fU

nx cex hcR ng@U nhfQ pbJ R inT eY

.SU B Y ai }ax |U n]i |w

..?
ngd ex U phA}U pehbUn= }L L w P fU

nex e> U bU nH dL nI hhb> R H

U nei pUjY R hfYkedU nbA hU ofx x R e_U
P fU nT w U =nU L{U eY
R{hU }H
hfYkeUn= ex

.U j@naY dY U eL Y cx A n]i |w fL
{x}i i
pUjeU }hi {x}i = ng\R}i px}U |w {Tki
Y U ncY f fU incY {L fU
pi ncY A
U p[bU

:nbi e R U deL R e[_U h^_U bdU nRnfY

eL |g= P fU
dL {>
pS_U nfH :T o\aeT

h= Un@ w fU
dL B{x nT rh= negfh= p bh? p d nfw
pZnL {fL hdL UB e\> U px}U }gI {S >n@

..mdh :nbR eL i :nUnbR m@ :negU nbR pedH

378

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

{fL nghdL RH U pRnn= pfx{eU R {A {S U nT

ilR ~`U U @}B
nfed H nehH
px{U |fY pd[U eL dL {x
UkH e\> U px}Un=
ed L neY

ed _x dU nT hdL dx j= ydeU

neY
}bdU phfx{U pR}_eU oL> U phinex phA}U dL {x
dU
nT pe{U p}aU hR ~gfx |U eUn= HU
.d _U

L oh`x rh= fU
h= fh= nU {A= Ax {S d T U
nY dL neL P fU
}L _x neY
pS_U
eH =nJ

Y }B p}R
U _Y rx{U }hBj= U ye> U pd[U Y negfh=
x{U
ai R dH
} ?
pd[eU U nT nehH
}x

nex dL fU
gx
U
[x U L{U Y R dY
a x U nLn= g_eY R ng@U x}S na T Y I
..cY = gfY ha_\eU hedeU dL n[U |_U
dnL =n }R {A L }LlT fL fU
}L cx U|=
nc>
{S = nbA L cx U _U neT fh= fh= nY dL
U phafU pbxn\eU L U }S cx
@U R n [d b> {@>

x{U phew Y U S}x |U x{A ni dL {A ]bx nY{fL

{T U nx R Rnfx R SB }hQ eL
U R cx R
.{ p _H h^_U b d B
j= A> nx U{Y :oghmT o\aeT
Y {gx nT P fU

L {h_= phde_U phA}U px}caU ghT~> {xnf[U kw Y x{A

phAni

f`Un= new Y nfU nL nehR ph>

Y wnf`= new pUjY

Y U d ex nehR UnY dL [U R p Q nf`U n eh^_>

phdH
pehS
379

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

|U SB
px}caU >na[U ZU hhb> dL {Tkx
eU R

T ph
i Q * e _ G
X mX :Un_> US w U ph=nx phde_U
phT~U dL U[A {L j= U nxU S } w g c K mX * z Z =

hU pfUn= p dcZY e> pdxJ {Y dS Y hdL p U

pYnS {_=

nfS ohUnH Y Y{S

ne= px}caU }aU x{b> R }[b>
U i
px{gU R}x i Y }hQ p =}> {x{U p=}U Y _@ neY

U R }`H Y _x |U }Y TdH Y }g^x nY B Y

YkeU |w pR}_Y phef> w }B pYnw

p}aU n xa> qSdU p _h\Y

xjR ..phYH L{U R }? kY }[fL U x

cex |U phL{U
.d T |w R pe[_dU phRnfeU phSB pdcZeU w
U P fU
h@> nbY R c> {S U :oTmT o\aeT

ng=}> he_U = Yk> dU Z> U pa_\eU paUn= new

cex |U w U phYH phi}bU ngR}_Y phef> phA}U

nex }R dex |U YnfU }h`[U YH eeU {LnS bx

hfYkeU nYnew R L{U Y Y R}x {x{ZU ~U bU

U UhU
{gU |U {_H }T w paU |w neT na T nL

L{U U }S gi nh\U x{b> nhUkeU e>

neT ng>nhYn= |Bjx U nhi{U

nh[B R S}`x U gi
nhfQ {bax neT H {Y Y n hI {bax gR w}hQ |B

Y hAi |U w |w _U
U Y {hax = }ceU

pa_\eU paU w hd[eU nhi n> w pR}_eU }wn^U

sUn_> phA phUnH}U L{U eeU R pU}eU
380

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

x}B {U pSeU nghini

}> ng>n_d ]= bd> ngdTnZY

.x}ceU Y

ph=nx snfU _= y=}U _= b> {S gx{w lR nhfQ nY

x}]U L L{U nY ngi}hx inT U TnZeU pU Y dL

gH Y d U _h]x gf cU
_x {S neY
x}H cZ=
}h`[U snfU _U n @Y w}hQ L g= n`Zi ghU }[i
.}hcU snfU nA dL

pinbeU L rx{dU nx |w c> {bR U dL

phT}U bU
w x|U hfYkeU Y ha_\eU phT~= new h=
U gx{U eU nx {S x|U kw phT~= new h= L{dU

qSU R pYn_U
>nYnew R U }hcU qSU fU

dex } hT {g@
pd[eU }hT }h?j> }? kx U gi neT }hT gx{w }R c> U |U

a_\eU ngbbx U L{U S

p^AY Y ..L{U
w pYnw
kw B{x rh= HU {Y b> H wng@ w{g@ R

= nL ]fedU _\x kw x}H cZ=

hR }ceU
yR R nf^A nY |w bdU
R nfU B{U neU yR |U pcY

.|i bU
R |U d= {S H n @R dU x

fU
Y rx{U R nx R pKdeU bU :o^<|T o\aeT
L{U pY= [ > U nx }T R p }wnK e> P
pYnbH
nx phincY pUjY L {x
dU Ai fR ..ng]B

a = T
:Un_> US R T}ZeU fY {x}x {S nehR }bU R fU

dg T m< e X mh { A * w
mR
^ < me g c K
md Q * g
= T e X me ^ \ a T > * g
381

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

@ e K z @ X be
X
rx{U R Un_> US [ :pS nU] w
} ?m

dL }R @ Y hdL }h?jdU T}ZeU ngU|x U neU L

| g P me g c K | ` T g T me g @ { T K h e ` g T m S
:dU
e > T *
{ =
gc R m g H f g T S | = z
gc A
*
S z a T m
d d T ^ m g T ^ m
e R
|gZ h me g c K T z = > m

}Y~U] c d K \ g T p S | H T :Un_> US [ :}H]

Y }hcU eU U S}> ph\bU nx Y U }hQ [ :
H}U }in= pUnH}U }hY qR}i nwU rh= phew

{_eU eU R A ngU b> ph\bU |w j= nxU {nbU

abx ghdL j= P fU
gax @ Y U ngfY
{_= Y nL{U
eL hR gR}[>
R
}hQ
ex |U eUn= A pYnbH B
}i U }>
{S pUjeU R pbhS{U ]U L pda`U SB

.px_I pbx}]=

fU
ph[I qh> dL eL {S x}cU }bU :oXmT o\aeT
A}U necU Y = |Bjx U dU {x}x nehR dU j= xj> P

U
L dx {S neY
edL dU hU bdx nehR de_U SB

}{U |w R B{> pUjeU |w _U

..nfU {fL UjeU

pbx}]=
eeU R }h?jU dL g>{bU nhfQn= new w }_eU

}^fU cR U Y }baU a_\eU dex nefh= }hT pdLnR

}^fU dL n hdH }h?j> }> {S ngf cU p hUnH }^i nH |w dL

{S gi H}U dU pYn_U
ph\bU R dU oinUn= }cax

ph>|U }^fU pg@ Y nhfQn= new R f`U oin@ p^AY w

382

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

pbx}]U |g= eU }hU nx >jR eeU R f`U pehS U

phdH c> U U A cZU rhA Y phdU [U L dU n_=
nY w |w d T U R L{U pd[Y p^AY Y e\eU rhA Y
z _T m< f < K z w w
{ T X ` h |
:Un_> US Y hAi

e g K z^ = f ? zw| w Y ^ T
\ = mg hzT
m g T o e w zw| = f e K m
[ : gcU] m I| Q | X mS v = mh | S K c R me c ` P X
R p]Qn\U @ Y fU
}x {x}x dU j= A> px |w lR

pbx}]=
ai dL aU
nw}h?j> }> cex U Lne@ }_U

ne=
..w{fL pdnU nhY R p Q nhfQ U qadhR px_I
pYU
n]U chU (n@ nx _eH fL nx)
pbx}J dL U nT
gai R n hnx }h?j> p hdLnR }T U chU fU
B Y
.}h`= hcR }i neA R pbx}]U |g= oJnx nT fU

R Qn[U nY U p=feU px}U :oGmT o\aeT

}wn^U nx @ Y oHnf> phY

L rx{U
f= Y @
n hUnH
dex ph\bU oAn ngie\Y Y
phUkY ex

U paU L _Y rx{dU hU n]U h@> }ax neY

nfU phT~>
b> L{U nghdL ~c>}> U {LnbU nwnLn= nghT~> phUkY ex

|= >
phT~U dL [> U U }B paU =nbY R ng=

.}hcU {gU

d b> R ex |U _Un= SeU @

T = ~
K
ndeU nU |w L }L }^fU S @U \L

m?
neT pR}_eU phUkY R nex phUkY nL |U d K
383

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

R UnH}U LU U ng@nA R L{U phUkY nL

}aY T
hedeU Y fU
@ p}R ~gfx jR p_x}ZU {hb_U R pUnH}U

p_x}ZU dL Y egU nY nT Y hdL dU U~i nehR edL Y |Bjx

ngUn_x pYnw
nhU sgfeU

p UnA nfw U ox U fU
cU
ng@ Y na cU kw phT~U pUnY R keU UnH}U R
gU gLne@ n> R H hU edx R n _eJ hT}ZeU
P fU @
U|U L{U h= nfU h= ~ @nT abx gi

U eL |w Y rx{U
> }hcU p}aU qinT nehR }B qS

@
R ox ne= >nYd_Y nfQ R px}U
U cR }Y
Y }T = nbd U

pUjeU qincR n e kg= nbd U p}R [> nefh= Y nw

w
h= eL |w R ngU
h= UnH}U hL R }

.{xnf[U kw R

R phew ph\S R eL w nY U pUjeU @x

dU cU

YH
phL
U x
{S eL |w nLn= pUnH}U pd[Y

z w mX
}bU nx Y egdx cex nehR S } w c ^ T w
}hT

> }LnZY }>

ncR a[R A U f`x neY
ng_ex U

R p_H }caU R eL U U khR =}=

SnR
R}_Y e_>

n h=nx }h?j> }? kx neY

pT}U R pxhA ph[ZU R fQ R
.}hT } hB dL U Y [hR L{U R T}A dL
^ ` e Q | S { w

g@
nbU _= L pdaQ
Y Zh_x cex nehR | S {T
>j> pda`U onH fL ZbU phi}bU nedcU >jR nxn\bU _=
cY U U {A lR gU nA fL R}U phUH}U
nedcU

384

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

dL hbeU YH dU
afU b x h[I R ]U
|gU

.pT}U L{U ~U Y

vme_T mgeP cK `ew

~gT
mKzcT

px x{U c> dR e _ G X mX
~hY
f`U }_x nT nfQ

j= n e x}`> n Y {bY n hLne@ n _SY fe> U pehbU eL ex

\x
U nei A nfQ pY{B R nfUn= >nSL deL }cR T

|U ow|eU nfQ {x |U x{U

n> R }x

ow|Y x
.>}? L{x

}U nT fe> UnH}U {g= nU z Z = T ph

i Q
{Y Y dL U|U }hcU snfU Y > nehR }caU ngJ

.x}S R H

L n_= B Y phUkY
px e>
dR S } w g c K mX

neH ng]U nR U }U n_d ]> dL }e>

hbeU U

Y T}A nehR {g@

U = R }[b>
}B{>
U i na[U

n> R ngT}>
U ohUnH Y Y{H nehR ngcde> U nHU
ncH dL }
d T U _eH {S ..n _he@ nfdU phT~U

Lne@ Y { |U }bU SY Y cU pgI

SY Y }eU

nT = px{gU @ Y hU gY{S cx U hU p=nH {L R

pUnH}U }U pnU gbx}]= hdL `\U @ Y ne=

U

pd[Y {
nfU x{bU nxU n=nA R g_Y B{U
|w nxnaB Y ed_x nehR nx R}_x
dU {x}x nY w |w ..pUnH}U
385

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

beU R phU
=}> B Y R}_> {S nY Lne@ ni

? X mX
R dU Y w v
pR}_eU dL [dU ^ w m

neY
R L{U R hUkY R ai
hU pUTeU }B negeU

.pR}_eU p_H dL S x {S

afx {S {xnf[U kw nex o> i f c = e K ph

i Q

kU @kx
cex |U eL |w nex ei
Y }T H

{S UnY eL |w U|T qhU pUjeU cU

..}B qSU

phef> dL e_x H}T

phef= L{U B
}IneU hUkY dex

pAnH _Hx {gU _= hdL }?kx @ Y UA Y nL{U

nehR hdL dS yax dU {x}x nY w |w {x{@ SY R L{U

p_H LU Ync> Y U {x}x
inY YU }^fU eL R

pT}A R pT}Y
pbx}]=
dS qx
n hx{> UH dU = }x Y

Y n hx{> }bU ~i nT neT n Yne> U U ng@nU n _> L{U

.snfU |w U U @

Q * |S mH d Q * |S { = mf h S

o K
Q | X * o X | b X

. [ :L] | < | S * | ` G z w i < * | f \ X

{[U
eL L gdU
_U L w w S

|U SdU R i U eU _x fdU
h@> nhfQU

cex nY B Y dU nx nai L pda`U R nfU Zh_x nT

|U U
L Rn`U SU U|= nx Y pY{beU
nx = ]>

P fU d T
.}T|U ni hR h_x S U }h`x

386

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

g@}hU nL dL dU ngU~i U }bU nx w | S { = mf h

nbA dL gUbL = ya> nehR }T|U i U pda`U nedK Y
R}_x
deU UndU n hL }T ichU nhU cU {hb_U

.xL
R deU nbY hwU
e^L R UnU nbY

}x U dU nhBn= hdL yai }bU | S mH d Q

cx U = fxcU }U B Y }ca= nfU ~dx fx{U
.= nexn= niU px}caU phZeU pLnfbU L n

Q
hR ocx nY T
ng= }eU }wn^U o X | b X
_U
o K
Q | X dH dL U~i nehR dU T dL ngUneI B Y ngex}c>
ngi JnU |S Y }g]Y
nwnf_Y nw{S R pLR}Y | f \ X
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nhi dL ng= U~fx U
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gc^T

nx pUjeU r= pY{bY
R w neT }bU A Y }ha> R
hU P fU
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R ~i neY
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pZSnfY i}bU fU
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nx nY
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h= w n \x }edU
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387

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

qS R }U |w dL dU \R {hU
} oH LnhadB
L nx Y p_hZU L Y {L nx i hR wnx

.U dL w} oH

U rU }[fx ox dU \R {hU

nhB L }^fU `=

:hUjY hb>

R P fU
nx |w qU~i w ~fU oH R :T
=

.nx}U _= R neT }hQ

w y pedc=
pe[_U Y neU }U ni {Y :oghmT
Y Rnfx pe[_U P fU
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=
R ned_U w neT phYcU {LbU Y nx h@> {_= pe[_U

R neY
pe[_U Y nRnfeU p fY Z
nedcU }I h@>
x neY
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: gaH Q qT

oH R }aeU
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nS h= P {eY
fU
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=
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f= Y }hQ @
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nY }U |w }_x pZSnfeU {bfU nY ng\_= dx pU

=
nx ~f= bU U p_hZU _= ow p_hZU nedL odQ
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388

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

inU bU n x} p_hZU nhL R hY Y {hU

nB {S
R neY
qU~i ngi
\>}eU x}ZU pU Sni {S P fU
=
.nhi x~f> =nT

fdU
Un_> fY n_U S Y inY :S hY {hU
nS

pe[_U Rnfx U B }ceU _R U }> dL P

}Y _U cx U x
nei P >na Y hU _U j= bU
gYH @}x x|U x}S ne^L Y rx{U ]S w gY
}B
U j= bU U|T x{dU
h^L {hxj> gYHl= cx
x
nhfQU {[Un=

nei pex}cU SB Zx }baU L gdU

w}baU }baU L hgd>
nT
gYH n@ wnf`U nhfQU x{[>
T U n_U Rnfx U Y .YH @}x Y Y x{A g_]bU
px}U |w p
Rnfx {bR Qn[U L nY nY .RB U
z w mX
nei @}U U lR [ : L] S } w c ^ T w
:Un_> US
eL @ R L
hT~>
@}x i U |b>
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mX
:US |T }[U pRn^fU w Y }hB d _U x{x nY nbx
lR [ : L] S } w g c K
n@}U nf`U f`dU Y {[>

? X mX

e K ph
i Q * Y w v * ^ w m
:US |T T~x
P dU H n@ nei cY = lR [ :L] f c =
nei Y Y
oHnfeUnR fL gd>
i fY eci |b>
qh= {_Y Y px}U |w { ]x U P fdU
n]U cx
.()AU
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389

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

:hY {hU
dL n bd _Y fU }_Y Inw {hU
oT

nbY Y Rnfx b_Y bY hY {hU

}T nY |U
ngfY n fh_Y
hU f cU dU eA {hU
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U fU
nI nbY R U Y U nx c> U
nehR =n_U o@Y ngA @}x U pU n\U paU d> S

U eL Y d_R
fY n f K n`]U U Y {x
nT fU

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H nT |U }^U U R wH L ghU R}[inR }x{b> S

w U pd[eU }a> qinT n> n[i U p@nU Y
R hR
R U x
ncY x {U Y R ghba> eL hd_> Y y@

.P fU
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dR g>ncH Hn= gLnfS pUnY hT}ZeU Y x{A nY

nT U ngU`H pd[eU Y qSU U R U qfH {S p}R

qinT |U SeU |w dL nQ U R n ah_ nfU R Y

zh=U nbY R ng_S R U nhd_U H pd[Y }a>

gdhex {[b= fU
ghdL S x|U hT}ZeU U }hbU
nx |w R hfU
bx Un_> inH dUnR g Q}x H U

bI x}J L @}> }Y = d= A dU x{U }[fU _>

i
nR w}T dU
Y }bA gilR ginh`J R kw

dU lR Y{b>
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nT H h^_U x}cU fY x
hU qad> x
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390

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

.nfU Y }hQ cY =nT eL

^ ` e Q | S { w * S } w c ^ T w
z w mX
: L] | S {T

_= ed L Q}U qH U }hbaU eL |w U|= {x}x [

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i [ : L] z Z = T ph
i Q * e _ G
X mX
hA R nhfQ Y pb]U |w px{gU qx{[>
eL L q}L

}\x
R}[fY gi
= w@ w}aT }\x
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px }hZ> U U gai

nI dL qdeI U|T w}hb> hT}ZeU zh=> dL qdeI neT

P fU
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.\U JnU R gxne> }ZU dL w} R gai

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nx _= hT}ZeU R
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px ~i IncU }ha> R phf`Y @ {eY zhZU y@

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fU
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.( }h= dbU :a][eU }hH @) ()

391

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\ d w c v T n v > :fY }bU R }hT dY w Y hx

U

nedR
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eL
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R
nf= phI pL :neU nU Y }ZU nL {fL nT pcY
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bY nT w}hQ }h`eU = {hUU g@ = p_h=

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dUn= w}T|x
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}hB w{_x
HU S
n ah_ H nT S dL w}I
icx
acx
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pfY R |i
dU H nx fed L :nS bU Y H}U T eL }hbaU ]bR
nL neU
bU Y YT R H}U \eR dU ed L neY
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eL
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K
T = ~
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i Q * e _ G
X mX oJneU

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U dL fU
S cU
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ngd `x ngef`x n_U U Y ng>R S p}aU f`x
nY x dw pd[Y d[eU hedeU H pd[eU
392

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R ceY w = {Y qS U hdR }aU ncA deU hd_>

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h\eU hA
R = nhbU cex HeR x {U ncA deU hd_>
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gY
w

HeU w

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nx |w R eL dL fU
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|w R hfU
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bx dU H R gQ}x
hU d> dU x{U }[fU _>
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..
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negY {L |hH
dU lR Y{b>
H x}J R abx Y _
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w pbd]eU pbhbU }x}b> U inH bi ?

[ : }JnR] | @

a = c T zeK b X | S
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L }_x Y nY h^_U

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nhfQ fQ nT nbA
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393

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P fU =
}aY
nx ~f= bU lR hdL
Y cx U

hZU
{B eY
ngnedL p_hZU n@ Y nB {S dU \R {hU

Y {hU
nY Y H}A dL }gH R qhU w ow|Y

R }i eY
{A geg x U fU {hU phf`Y zhZU hY

.R pe[_U qh= g g_hZ>

ngi RB dL pU {U nx}U Y n_x }U |w nbx

nY ngfY pn_Y pnU x}J Y
fU
ngU~i dL {x
=
x}_U {x}x i dL {wnI {= dU hR f>n_x : P US hU{=
\R |w =n_Un=
nf= neY
sgfY L
}haU nB S R x}aeU

}L @ y\ x U|= }haU nB [R @}R ncU d]Y

.dU \R {hU
dL _U

~dx gR P {eY
fU
nx |w R oJneU nT :inU
pe[_U Y nRnfY i yh[U P fU
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P fY j]U S {_U
hY {hU
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YT R {b>
neT

:nS nhU eY R R H}]U \aU = U U {I

n i _U cx w
}U y
dR :hS lR
U hdL Zx
H eL Y ni _U :UnR
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U|= Un_> inH dU nL hR n i cx R
{I}eU YkeU nA ^L dL U|= gfx
B HnY }Rj=
n _eJ }ZeU hUj> Y U inex dL hbhU YkeU hUj> R}_x
394

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

nehR ph[_Y cx _aU dL pU |w R :nU nS .inex R

R neU R nYjR
S ph[_Y nT i dL {x
gfU nceU {_=
gfx U Un_> inH dU fL gfx
nY :hS .qSU |w R
fL }Ln= xj> R H Y n Li eL d_R
i
n eh^_> gHnx}U ghdL S }baU fL }L i wx
x nT
mS :nS i Qn[U L U dL inH dU >n_R gU
cT m @|X m @|X mR bX < cT zK P cT G
mS @ \c T X < eZw mS z< gQ cT e=m^w
eT
K bw
.()< ^`w mdX
P

}bU A Y }ha> R dU \R {hU

U U {I {S
ZfeU =@ ngfY pS}aeU
xnA Y Y {L
R (/)

>nYd_Y h}_eU _= fY bH |U {[eU (HeU) pd Y R

pe[L {L dL hU nghR hU i bi :n x} dU \R {hU
nbR
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ZfeU =@ R pe[_dU U nRnfY {L U dU \R {hU
nI
.()({fU) nT R

U i
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K
~
U U {I
w = I R j]U Y hU i e[_U P fU
_R nRnfY {L
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pHkY
=}_U }U nhA / :nhU eY @) ()

.(zxnU
.( ~Y {L HeU @) ()
.(eU @) ()
395

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nY pe[_dU nRnfY wx
neY
nx Y }nU {hU

}_H neY

US w x}ha> {A dL }B px :nS ~
H R n@
K
m? * T = ~K
z w mX * d K
* S } w c ^ T w
:Un_>
^ ` e Q | S { w
w nfiB nf x new{A }ha> nx |gU | S {T
w p_hZU nf x |U }haU odQ dL p_hZU nf x }B pYn_U

* T = ~
:UbR P dU H U n g@Y
hU n]U |w
K
m?
L |U nei P dU H}= pSL U hU |w d K

_U R phY
w

f= Y nT i nx}U _= aR }B I
deU }nA nT i na L = neL nT ZU |w }B
nx}U |cw j> U > _R eL |w n@ nefhA

}^fU `fdR
|U {wnZU Y
L }> hdL nx |w }ha> R

}haU }afU P dU H}= U pSL |U }haU |w L

dU dU H U @Y
n]U |w w yh[U w }B
nT P dU H }U R |U UH o>n_x Un_>

<
gQ e=mK d< m @|X :U bx nT cY = w eL U

oi|U w nY }fU nY n hI YjfdR

|{fL
yh[U w |w }afU

d_R |U g_eU nf_e= oi w w P dU H Y { |U

nx}U Y pde@ R n@ neT }haU |w oA P dU H

{L = n_U
nZw = g@ n= p_h= = pL @nfx w n> eL

{fL h_eY inT }_U {xnf w dB nf= phY

nh= od]eU
|w R gYH @}x dU U wL{x nT rhA P dU H
{fL nT Y {x eL nT cY = @}U |w n@ nf?
396

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

`ZY P H}U nT e= P dU H
f}S dU H nx :nbR
`ZY nT P H}U xnfx _R dU ed L neY
{xnf[=
fed L
fed L f}S dU H nx :{f U }cx
gx{gx {x}x }_U

@ R pw}cU }gK A }h`= fL `ZfY H}U odS j= {x

{x}x nLn= P dU H j> {S YT _]bU P dU H
n@ {gx
nfU Y }hT g]H= {gx @}x }_U nT Y

neU g@ dL }gK ZU |w fex de_= nT eL |w

Ln> nei UbhH {xnf[U kw :ai R nS }? jU n? P
{wnZx nY{fL UnH}= = fYkx R hdL {h_U nhe_U
{h_U nhe_U
nT x|U bU dL S fL }LjR UA adx
m? * T = ~K
|w nT dR d K
px qU~fR ged cx
P H}U oi w neR yh[U w }haU
p_hJ dL }^i dfU

nghdL nb_U x
ph[_Y w n bA w P hU feU oi|U

n@ bU phd L Y pLne@ px{w }hB P dU H}R T

{x}x Un_> dU _i @}U |w L }LjR x}hT ni px{w U|=

{S dU Y Y dL R d_x {x}x UH kx
H}U cx }aeU P dU H}= hdx eU |w

P dU H nT nx qU~fR >n_R |w Y dL Y R P
v :U bx <
gQ e=mK d< m @|X :nS Y}cx U {_=

|w y H h>~Q R h>}Y
pfx{eU dL adH o?m@ T
P dU H U n g@Y
nT w n]U }haU }haU

}B nx nfw cU }B I
U neL U }B I
U
397

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

x}cU }bU R
ngi P dU H Zh_x nT U
|w dL {>

ha deU rhA pdcZeU |g= dY nT P dU H dL {>

ye]x nT P dU H a_\eU hTneU }baU w UA
U rh= pdcZeU |w Y in_x nT bU nT {xnf[U px{w R
P dU H fL {_x UjR hTneU }baU kw i >

ed ^x }baU kgR U U > U H U g=}bx

{x}x
US nx d> eR n bA fYkeU w ha_\eU kw nLn=
f ? zw| w Y ^ T z _T m< f < K z w w
{ T | \ =
:Un_> n>
v | \ Q H X f g c K <m @ X mX H X f <m @ X g c K mX
X b Q
^ < f [ ^ < me Q T{ S * g
c T X jv Ta g T
d Tm]T
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^A [ : n_i] w
< c K i < c T ~
| Sm
g T me eg < X f g c K
nfw gYS Y phd _U eU gai }_x pLne@ nfw px @

A ha dY inT a_\eU kw a_\Y }bR }B pLne@

{_x pax}ZU ai dL }^x nT neijT P H}U P dU H
hdS ha_\eU
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:Ubx gL eU U pfR }baU :bx Un_> dU cU

U |cw Ubx gL me eg < X f g c K c T X jv

nH}U
dU H A a U x|U w bU n` {h_U }cax
YTm

U }^fx dU w
< c K i < c T ~
| Sm
g T |cw Ubx gL P
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inT }baU }TnZU w Y U }^fx dU {hL n _he@ gi H Un_>
f < K z w w
{ T | \ =
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398

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

.[ :m^h] f ? zw| w Y ^ T z _T m<

in_x nT P dU H dL {>
ai U
nfh]_> phin? px

H nT x|U neL~U U h= }baU kw h= pdcZeU |w Y

X ` h |
:Un_> US w px gx{w R e]x P dU

e g K z^ = f ? zw| w Y ^ T z _T m< f < K z w w
zw| = f e K m
{ T
| X mS v = mh | S K c R me c ` P X \ = mg hzT
m g T o e w
z _T m< f < K z w w
{ T X ` h |
[ : gcU] m I| Q

e g K z^ =
m
UA a U x|U }baU kg= w
f_x Y^ T
Y cdex x|U ncU U U }^f> f e K
nY
[S
H}U U f_x w nf_Y neR mg hzT
m g T o e w zw| = :Un_> US
P H}U nhi{U
nhU pfx Y ph[I {nR {hax {x}x nT P
nY{fL nw{x q_]bU
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fL :bx Un_> dU Y U~fY dL nb= Y nhi{U

dY hdL }_x
afU nhi{U
nhU pfx Y afx {x}x w n Yx I n Yx @
{x}x nT i nf_Y mg hzT
m g T o e w zw| = :US f_Y nY n _J

U nhU pfx Y n hI gfY |BjhR {gx gd _U hR}eU kw }bx

phYH pU{U } n]i hH> H yUn[Y R ngbafhU w{fL

U Y }B n hI hU P dU H {w w |w nginT qh>
Y ^ T z _T m< f < K z w w
{ T X ` h |
:Un_> dU U bx

paU keU n@ i pTneU px |w }ha> R .. f ? zw| w
H U n@ =nA = }S }= = pfhhL H}U U g=dS
qh`>
deU { R qd@ U dU H nx :UnS P dU

399

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nf?nA nfUnU hedeU }bR

n= nedH f_x kw L
mX =
X g T @
pTneU px |w Un_> dU ~ijR fL ni|B
:US U [ : gcU] < m
T mh z K
S
gcU] mh g
d Tm]c

Y nT P H}U Y {[x nT |U oi|U h>

[ :
H neY
n _hR n bdB > {=
nT = n_eU Y ph[_Y w hU hbU |w
P dU H}U n Un
eL
nhH
}= nfA inS R i
cx cU P }T UH kx {x}x Un_> dU nT h=}beU

()
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hU neU }R ~fU jI R }U p

}R dL
n T}>) iT Y }x |w nU P fU _R lR ne=
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eL L }L R P fU

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U oi nY p
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h]> x}]U |w L H }Zi R

.{L

U edx
i H eL Y ni _U :m ghm>

deU }x U cY = dU {L lR U U pRnn=

Y d cx _ex w dY R }Y P fU
JnS i rhA ngfhA

.x}B

in=}U
HnY }Rj= ]e`hU P fdU
n_U cx ex

.( / {L HnhU }caU U pdY @) ()

400

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

x{geU ha_\eUn= nfL } dL ghf> B Y B

c=

.pY
]U

hU nhU |w ex
~_eU }bUnR P fU

jI pe^L dL n hA
>nL A phUkeU nxY R hY n[U H fU
{S
{A
dL
({ghU n@ eL @}= }hhU nfL {L) UU }> S
gU
hR n P fU

nT x}cU }bU dL U {x nY w
.ai n_H L R (n }R) {fL Y ncU nT U rhA

}x nT i T|eU px}U R neT P bdB ncY Y

.U in=}U
n_U }T|> ned T cY = dU {L
{gH ph=}U }_dU nhU R phHnH pbhbA nx nfU qSnH {S
\R YkeU }hbaU eL @}UnR nf>nHneY nfehwnaY pQnh R ng=
j_x ha_\eU ex H }ZeU |a feU f`U Y
.x}ceUn=

w ~fU jI R x}aeU
h= gZeU :phin? bfU >ji

nY px R hU cU P fU
dL pA}[= {x
I R ngU~i
.f_eU |w

401

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

G|T ogeX
c R X me c G mX
:Un_> US }ha> R dU \R {hU
oT

G X
a c w mX c T y e
a T e d = h
g Q g eX Q m\ g YT

a c w mX ^ g T * g

m\ g YT
b@ g
cK c T =mw c T b w > m\ g YT
^ < m
a T
a H ` T g
f < c R o g Gm
| X f <c R Q w
zg
d Tm]T
{ c T o e Q
f < c R T p Q < e X j g Q < X T h c ^ T = w
{ T c ^ g T *
| T e X w
f T c T
Q | ` S w
a X
{ T } w * g
{ T m

{ X w c d T * g
a K w
T
{ K f g =i w o _< o Km
f g =i= @ e X ow | X
e ? Q m
TmZT
w
^ e T m
{ T * g
{ T mQ f e g < b w c T
c d K e X w
.[ :sU] g
f X
{ K f T T i Q me =mw u< < { S | ` S

G X c R X me c G mX
Q m\ g YT
a T e d = h

. g eX

>nA = = |feU = }x}@ = }B feU {U

}ha> R n@
P dU H }S :nS }h@ = {h_H L yh {f= x}Y =
U |w d= nedR fU pce=

w | Q
o TmT me X * } ^ T T

hi}`U d> inU dL n]hZU bU [ :fU] | A

{R hU S }h= nfgU }T nY UnS >}U gLnaI d_U
.{H
402

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

d> d= nedR
= @ nY dL

}L :nS U {_= x}@ n@ ?

Y |w .|g= > U :x}@ nS >}U gLnaI d_U hi}`U

G X c R X me c G mX
.px h
dU ~ijR n]hZU

= L {x{L }]= px}Y

px}U :~heU }ha> oAn bx

.}A = RnU gfY pLne@ ng

{S h_=nU Y e@ nL

fU
pe[L Y f> ngi : px}U |w dL Ai nff cU
w mX
* f T K \e
:Un_> US R }bU ngfdL U hdU R

pedT
px { nfY f_x |U [ :fU] @
w @ v
fY
^ < me g c K a = T

:Un_> US R gU AU B Y

X md Q * g
d g T m< e X mh { A * w
mR
z @ X be
= T e X me ^ \ a T > * g

@ e K
|U [ :pSnU] w
Y nx
px { nfY {x
} ?m
.hU = dU A neL
fU

Y f> fY nx |w qbd]i |U nhU @

:m ghm>
|w oHnfx hT px}U oA U R neS hd U hedcU
c T }h mX S m< h mv
d g d G md G v :inH US Y

\ c G X mf <
^ w m
f < X vm
? z a T ~
`h f = mX ]T

L nT w ..fU
L cU |w { hcR [ : fU] zf T
n]hZU Y }[=
fY p _R nd U Y n bH U nT j= L }hQ

}hQ Y n ]dQ fY gH
..px}U h@> nbY R _U }T neT ]a>

U @}x {_= af= pUjeU U fx hdL }ax U cU

nfU }bdU hL R }aeU w neT p h> }S nw}bx U @

403

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

nghdL ~c>}x U {LnbU nLn= }hcaU YjU

}bU B Y hdL

U nU R A pUjeU L a`x hT ..nf dU hbdx |U }caU

h>nw h= RnfU _x i U f_Y .x}@ dL }bU nghR }_x
.neU |w R nx ne> h= hedcU

}T|x j= fY gx}b> {[b= LU SY Y pUjeU qinT nY

L{U nH U nH n]i R U d]fx cex gR }h= ggU
_U dH lR ..ngUB Y {hAU {hbL U g_R{x U

pbx}]Un= cx nY }ca=
gLnfS {x}> x|U x}B n}H U
U
fY U {[x hT ?
..}cR U ng= > gaSY nghR {Tk>
nT H Y wH U fx U hT dU U fx hT
phdU phfU p_hJ {x hdL }ax neY
dU nfU H
.}Y nghU gi U

ngilR q
|w Y I { ncY {Tk>
U px}U |w :m Tm>
R neA _x neY
px T
dU nx R P fU
Y hbU
U kx |U }Y P fU
nU dL nwnbU |U w n]hZU j=
~heU oAn bx neT ceeU Y dU c= pbU {L

ngai px bdx ?
n]hZU nbU Y phi}bU nx _= c>

}T fU
nU R _\hR h G X c R X me c G mX
hi}`U rx{A oA neT x}@ = ~i |U dU T Y nghR
T Y hi}`U rx{A w nbU nY _= L |g= ZchR U|T
mX
px dU T Y hi}`U rx{A cx nbU nY }nH dL dU
G X c R X me c G
T Y phf?U Rnfx nY he@ zU h

404

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

Y }hT dL hi}`U rx{A Y ]= px Y nbU ne= }x n]hZU

nc= ?U neL a>}x U|= phi}bU nx B R >nbU

Y dU
.pg@ T
P {eY fU
n hL nT i dL {>
T
ph[ZU nfH :m ^<

@= yex nT |U eUn= {hAU {hbL R UnH}U LU

nT i ng>n_= n?n= d _x nehR hT}ZeU h= fh= nbU pUnA px

rh= {hAU {hbL }ZU {hbL h= naU U

he_> dL e_x

}RncU H R U Ai neT {hAU @ Y }ZU }bx

px U fx rh= }ZU {
pJ}aeU phHnUn= fL }h_U cex neY

.fY {[x neL

a`x hcR U R x}B Y {[> pedT

>L R ew
}cR T
{hAU nT {bU
n[x R R{w T
T

|w ..YT R hU x cex hcR = nex U x}B

.Y hd> R b_U pbx}J }x |U ni = bx cex

= L px}U |w {[= ?U h]i nfilR |w dL

w}cR }i nfi h_=nU Y w}hQ }h@ = {h_H nL

nx}U Y px}U |w c> {bR }bUn= Hn= fUn=
gR}_Y

= hx R}feU {x}x nehR p=n[U Y }hT nU dL pLeU

{ ~hx |U dU ncU paUnY ngi H U P fU
U
.P {eY
fU
L |w Y

pbx}]= px px}U |w dL }_eU }aeU

}R

{S
X c R X me c G mX
px f_Y ~heU R n@ {bR }B
405

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

G
dL nH R> Y nf ex nY _= {S
e d = h
B hfY R n]hZU bU = ginex hdL nfU nS fx {b>

dL }Y {RjR x{aeU }Q heUn^U shhg> nfU pHH= nghR

?
n]hZU bdx nY x~x dU zfhR h_H ]= fU
H}U U
hdL dU U
ngK fU

H}U _H nil= >nx dU cx

.hcA
n]hZU nbU pUjY U }^fx nA i }haU |w dL Ai {S
h= }[U pAnH R phfY pT}U @nU SU R pxfU
phfY R

h= dU B

@ nH dL p xn@ px _x neY
n]hZU B
R phfY n]= R x}BU n]hZU }Q L {>
SU B
U

n]hZU bdhR pedT i~> nehR B{U Y nghU }^fx nx U

Y n _SY U n R}K c> rh= nghR I nB f_Y Y hfY R
Y zfU chU ngg@Y R x}B Y p h@nB p T}A _SY
nh[B p_hJ R n i SU pT}A R n i U B
.phfY

gK Y fx f cU nL R yh }T |U f_eU |w
n]hZU Y nY I @ R }wnK ngi egai neT ng>nedT R px
n hd_R ZU |w cx }\U Y cx {S ..phfY p_hJ R
Y fL {[x nehR
Y S
ng= } Zx U nedU n hRnfY cx _R
aJn_U |i gU neH ghdL nS R n Anai cx {bR
Ax hR g_e]x {S neY
iUbx nehR }hcaUn= gU nx ghU
SeU ~w U U khR p i}Y }T y {S aSY j= ghU
406

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

R }caU p= dL }h?j> Y pUnH}U pT}A R

n? pg@eU B
R pi}eU c> {S x|U hfYkedU Rn_ }[U pAnH R SeU
afU }> U pUnA haU n @Y hT}ZeUn= fU
pSL R SeU
.U B Y ginex ~ghR
gx{U

R pT}Y
Ax {S |U dH R nx B
pUjeU c> {S

ngeU SeUn= pAnU A pUnY R B{x neY

{x}x nY }h`=

nghU |i

ng= }L
n]L Y g>{hb_U YneU gU
Y dU phi{A L Ln= naT gfL cU n= Y U
>}> U phdU phAnfU Y >n_= >}> U ph=nx phAnfU
}[U {A
nghR > U pi{gU p=ne= U chU }hQ nL R}=
.nw @
R g_Y U eU U
nx @ Y

fU
w R }]> qinT U w ngUnY ncR |w c> {S

nhi nw R }]> qinT neT p_[U nU _= R P {eY

fYkeU }_x
L{U nY nx{U
{Z>

nY{fL dS Y H}U

ghdL `\> U pdngU `\U B Y afU

~U~dU
.S c=

n _SY de> SU R nw}? }> nx |w cU

eL R }bY
}>
w|Un= ]> phfw ]B w = |U

phdH pbx}]= YkeU eeU ng= }? jhR dU }wn^Y R pL}=

~> nY nL}H ngf cU ..phnx pbx}]= }RncU eeU nghU |fx
na= }ZU nex h= [ax |U HnU SeU U p@nU nY
[ > pUjeU nbU
Hn=
pingY px
nghR nY y

US R hAi |U nx f_eU w |w _U
..hnaUn=
407

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

| g P me g c K | ` T g T me g @ { T K h e ` g T m S
:Un_>
e > T *
{ =
gc R m g H f g T S | = z
gc A

S z a T m
d d T ^ m g T ^ m
e R *
|gZ h me g c K T z = > m

.[ :}H]
f cU nUn= }]x nY n hI nfw j= A> {S ngUnY nx |w

cZ=
gfx ?
nHneeU _= y]H dL a]x = afU R qx
R pe[_U }cR U x Y HnA
R pe[_U |U

p_x}U phfw|U ]U nY R UA ne= ni }? j> hdU

ne= pffU ph]U
y}U Y UA ne= }? j> w neT n Yne> pn]U
U pUnA R px{@ }R Y fY px}bU |x|d U pe_J }h>
= h[I R >|U ini }[f_U `d> pe[_U lR ngI
R pR}feU pT}U `d>
nwnf x U }caU nw{b_x U {hb_U B
.nghR }x
U pT}U ngUbx U pedcU

nwnf_Y Y hAi nehR nxU }ha> nf}L |U |w cx ne=

|U nedcU dH p_hJ Y oHnfx i

> ZU dL {Tkx
B R phfY eL R B{x n]hZU Y
} R }x
i |U
R pT}A nbU cx rh= pUnH}U @ Zh_x x|U x}B
B
R phfY
R phUnH}U pxfU
ph[ZU Y Rnfx i neT x}B B

L nwn_= hdL nw} {hAUn= ngY~U

nedcU nx T
.>nx nb= Un_U dU ..gU pda`U f= A _Y Rnf> U

dS H}U fU
g Q
}cR Y dx~x m\g YT ac w mX c T y e
dH }caU R pUnH}U pT}A dL dH }?
fY bx A
408

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

g>nhA R w{g_x
dU
neT wncR w}LnZY R pxnL}Un= dH {g_x
R gT}A
> gUB Y UnH}U xnL B Y U pUnH}U B

qinT pg@
px Y nghR ox}dU nY

{x R ngx
=mw c T b w
x}>
U|= fehR UH dL ngS{`x U Rn]U B Y U

nH dL nx ncA hU w U nghR nx

pedcdU
px}U >
neT pUjeU qhU gU AdU ngbRe= pdYnZU pbU
U {_= dU ngU ? fU
nU U qbH nx nfw Y nL{eU
cx U|= dU Y ng= AeU nedcU R ng_hJ U px @
U naUn= px fL {>
=
|U {U

[R = ohb_U dL {>
U
n S]i p>}U o= {>
w = n hinY n @{>
B}U Y hdL {>
.Un_U dU px R T|eU nhI h= n> p_hJ Y

hx g
nU B{U Y ni R I c=

b@ g
cK c T

{g_x
neY

n }I }nfL Y hU nx nehR pecA c=

pYH U nfU nfeJ o@x
}bU aA UnH R H}U B
. |w h= nehR pT}U pYnbH >nx R

| X f <c R Q w
}acU Y
a c w mX ^ g T
{ c T o e Q m\ g YT

d U gUn= g=dS }>
nafU
x|U f < c R og Gma T
U
}caU Y I dL yaf> {_> U A
w}LnZY {e>

B Y U ..}hU peA}Un= f> {_> U A bU p^d`Un=

pT}U phnx p_h]U R pLfeU
ohUnH nw}h> U @ |w

Y ?n= ~_U
}g^Y U nLn= pg@
w|Bj> rhA pAnU R fU

x}J R gT}>

g=nU phnx nfU Y d ex nehR gU S

409

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

h= yUn[U Y }hx nY B Y gfx L hfYkeU l= pfaU

B

.}[U pAnH dL pfehgeU pngU @ nH dL {hAU }ZU

ohUnH |w Y }hcU @ Ai {S
{L ng_x U phdhd\U

nL{U
{S U p_xU ph]U
nghR }x
phA}dU gU`H R H

R ngiT}x
U phLeU ohUnHU dhH R dYn_U dU U
Y }hcU dL od `U fY R{gx |U naiU U nAnH

nfw j= x}BU }caU _= ]_x {S neY

`i {bU YL
nf>
L n _@}> SeU R ~w }caU R
n a_ U B

cU
..pbx}J pbx}J
Uj= U A n`U n? U nhR bU

R
SY Y bd]fx YH LU pAnH R hdYn_U
U peceU p]U
phdeL R b> {x}> nY U [> hT {x}> nY }_>
}Y
> {bi

.()p=n? nR}i
U >
S pn]U n]B pg@Y @ Y

G|T ogeX

:neA n ai nghU nZeU px R phfY }ha> R

}bU U f_e= f eU }ha> dL ~c>}x :

md@
G X c R X me c G mX
h
:Un_> US Y }eU chR

H}U > R bdx n]hZU .. g eX Q m\ g YT

a T e d =
.>}S

^ g T :Un_> US () =mw c T b w > :Un_> US {xkx

ne=

. :}bU A Y ()
. :Y ()

410

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

| X f <c R Q w
dL gK cex neY
a c w mX
{ c T o e Q m\ g YT

()
.(){x{U R ~U w neT x}aeU
_= @
{S . nfU

:h> R neA |w }ax cex

nY > nT H}U Y dS H Y }eU cx :T

ghU qd_R neT [bi Ubx nehR hdL R}A YS U x kx

HH= bx i n]hZU U U hjR ghi

dL |cU R
i A
g^= \A{x U x~x Un_> dU h= ?
}Q
phdU }Y @U |w dL px q@}B nei = pgZU nY x
nY ggU {Y Y >> U Rn hdL T}ZeU |T neU P U
.()nghR cx U

..nS .nhU eY }ha> R @U |w H}]U H {S

.()dxj> R A @ w

ngai U R B{x
n]hZU px Y }eU cx :oghmT

hi}`U ]Hj= eH nehR S neT hR hU nY dU T R bdhR

nB Y }eU i}bU g^U hdL {Lnx Jn= }ha> w

.hU nI >jhH neT n _]S Y gR
odbU }cR f_e= f eU }ha> dL ~c>}x :hmT md@

.afU rx{A }x{bU [U

}JnU

. }I }ha> ()
. :{x{U ()
. :nhi x~f> ()
. :nhU eY ()

411

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

:h> R neA |w }ax cex

Y ()x}aeU
Y {L nJn]U {hU
nY :mdvz@

@
pSnL nfdU = Hx nY n]hZU hbdx nY w nbU Y }eU
.g]]B nhi nAeJ nK
Y {L {_H {S
.i}bU }wn^U L {_U ()x}aeU

H}U phfY R nH Y n]hZU hbdx nY w }eU :mdfghm>

.nhi x~f> =nT R \>}eU x}ZU deA {S ai

Y n]hZU px R @UnR odbU f e> }eU nT :nS

JnUn= hU Hx Y Y nf ex nY _= db= P fU
f e>

d]x U zfx dU nghU L{x ng= x}`x n_eUn= ?{x

.()}Q neH }> inh[L n]hZU paUnY Y hU {I}x ne=

:Un_> US :pYnY R RnZU =nT R nS

Q m\ g YT
a T

}JnU hH dL >}cR R hS >> R nf_Y :hS g eX

bfU n_U nei bi fU
dL U R nL R nT x}Y
HH hU ... :nS ()hU L{x nY x n]hZU h]x Y dL
w = [U L U U ~x U U HeU dL oh_= n]hZU
.()..U _Y Ln\x @ hdcU R nx
. :Y :~heU @ ()
. (}bU A Y) :{x{U @ ()
. :nhi x~f> ()
. :pYnY R RnZU ()
. : . ()
412

mgh ZR X :qTmT Z`T

cT [Q zgT
|g`=

pex}cU px }ha> R neA dU \R {hU

{_H

]H b=
}bU U f_e= (f eU) }ha> {x{>

bY i
nY R nbU nw{x pU]Y
Y nfY{S
pZSnfY R hi}`U
.}bU A Y }ha> Y
:nbi {L
R pZSnfeU |w hd> cex

dU H > R n]hZU B{>

Y nehR px}U
R e[L Y S dL P fU

pe[L Y fx cex neY

.hdU
R nw L{eU
pex}cU nxU i}bU nhU Rnf> ngi
.ngSnhH

o@x = eU |w R hU ZU
o@x ng
}R
?U na> f_x neY
}J

d T x}cU }bU R in]hZU B{U

Y dU nc=
.pg@ T
e\eU |w Y af> P fU
ph[ZU pYn_U
pH{U

hcR i L p= Y fL }L nehR h[a> p de@ ]H

._U |U nU }U e\eU Y fx

(f eU) }ha> inU neA dU \R {hU

U|U
y@
>}x U f cU w|U R }]x nY afU rx{A [U
f_e=

pgU nJn]U {hU

}aU
Sni U|U hU ni}I neY
nL y[x
{L
neY
i = }
i = n bd]Y }aU p
413

ogh|R mwm[R Q m@m\X

}aU U i}bU }wn^U Y Yni {L pgU nei UneA

nfdU pHHU R nU R bx n]hZU nbU }ax

.f ex nY nhi nhfY ox}> U kx ne=

fx dU \R {hU

}^i pg@ w neT i}bU }wn^U cU

hU ngai phfY R S px }wnK w neT nbU U _Y
.nwni ngb b> x ne= nU R

R bdx n]hZU px Y }eU U dU \R {hU

nY U|U
nY w ahK Y fx nY = hf ex U Hx ne= U hfY
.hU ni}I neT \>}eU x}ZU nB

()
neY
pUnU phinU hx Y }haU |w fx hT :nbx
Q w
a c w mX ^ g T :Un_> US {x{> {[= i
{ c T o e Q m\ g YT
a T
| X f <c R
n]hZU hbdx nY }Rn= U ... f < c R o g Gm
.afU rxnA phfw|U ]U {_x
}wnK }Y

px |gU }ha> dU \R {hU

dL nf= fL nx ilR
ngilR afU rxnA odbU }JB Y qinT phfY :pex}cU

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