MATHEMATICS

B.A./B.Sc. Mathematics Course Structure

B.A./B.Sc. Mathematics (First Year)

Duration: One Year
With effect from June 2008

Papers: Periods Marks

Per Week
Theory – Paper I Algebra and 04 100
Graph Theory
Theory – Paper II Calculus and 04 100
Differential Equations
Theory – Paper III Vector Analysis and 04 100
Geometry
(Only for Science Students)

Note: Maximum Number of periods required for each paper is 120

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 BA/B.Sc. (First Year) Mathematics
Paper – I
Algebra and Graph Theory
Algebra:
Unit1: Cartesian product of two sets, Functions or mappings, binary operations, Relations,
Equivalence relations, Equivalence classes, partitions,
Unit 2: Binary operation on a set Algebraic structure, Definition of group, finite and infinite
groups, order of a finite group, General properties of groups, Definitions of a group based upon
left axioms compositions tables for finite sets, Addition modulo m, Multiplication modulo p,
Residue classes of the set of integers, An alternative set of postulates for a group,
Unit 3: Permutations, group of permutations, cyclic permutations, Even and odd permutations.
Integral powers of an element of a group order of an element of a group, Isomorphism of
groups.
Unit 4: Complexes and subgroups of a group, Cosete, Relation of congruence modulo
Lagrange’s theorem Euler’ theorem, Format’s theorem, Cyclic groups.
Graph Theory :
Unit V : Definition of graph, applications of graphs, incidence and degree, isolated vertex,
pendant vertex and null graph, isomorphism, subgraphs, walks, paths and circuits, connected
graphs, components Euler graphs, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, Incidence matrix and
adjacency matrix. (Only examples)
Text Books :
1) Modern Algebra (36th Edition, 1998)
By A.R. Vasishtha ,Krishna Prakashan Median (p) Ltd. Meerut
Scope : Chapter 1 : Art 18, to 40,Chapter 2 : Art 1, to 15 Chapter 2 : Art 16 to 19, art
22 to 29, art 32 to 33
2) Graph Theory with applications to Engineering and computer Sciences
By Narsingh Deo ,Prentice Hall of India,New Delhi 2005
Scope :Chapter 1: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5,Chapter 2: 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8,
2.9,Chapter 3: 3.1, 3.2,Chapter 7 : 7.1, 7.9
References:
1) I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 1975
2) C.L. Liu, Elements of Discrete Mathematics, McGraw-Hill (Second Edition)
International Edition computer science series 1986.
3) P.B.Bhattachary, S.K.Jain, S.R.Nagpal, Basic Abstract Algebra (2nd edition).
Cambridge university press, Indian Edition 1997.

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 BA/B.Sc. (First Year) Mathematics
Paper – II
Calculus and Differential Equations
Calculus:
Unit1 : Successive differentiation : Higher order derivatives. Calculation of the nth
derivative. Determination of nth derivative of rational functions. The nth derivative of the
products of the power of sines and cosines. Leibnitz’s Theorem.
Expension of Functions : Maclaurin’s Theorem. Taylor’s Theorem.
Mean Value Theorems : Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange’s mean value theorem. Meaning of the
sign of derivates. Cauchy’s mean value theorem. Higher derivative. Generalized mean value
theorem.
Unit 2: Functions of two variables. Neighbourhood of a point (a,b) continuity of a function of
two variables . Limit of a function of two variables. Partial derivatives. Homogenous
functions. Euler’s theorem on homogeneous functions. Theorem on total differentials.
Composite functions.
Curvature, curvature of a circle. Radius of curvature, length of arc as a functions (derivative of
arc)
Radius of curvature : Cartesian equations, parametric equations polar equations, pedal
equations. Center of curvature.
Differential Equations :
Unit 3 : Equations of the first order and of the first degree.
Ordinary differential equations (Def), order and degree of a differential equations (Def.),
Equations homogeneous in x and y. Non –homogeneous equations conditions that an equations
of the first order be exact. Rule for finding the solution of an exact differential equation.
Integrating factors found by inspection. Rules for finding integrating factors. Rules I, II (Only).
Linear equations. Equations reducible to the linear form.
Unit 4: Linear differential equations with constant co-efficient
The Complementary function. The particular integral. The complete integral. The linear
equation with constant co-efficients and second member zero. Case of auxiliary equations
having equal roots, imaginary roots, The symbol D. The linear equation with constant co-
efficient and second member of a functions of x. The symbolic function 1/F(D) Short methods
of finding the particular integral in eax (where a is any constant), Xm (where m is+positive
integer), Sin ax, Cos ax, eax v (where V is any function of x), X.V.,
Unit 5 : Linear equations with variable co-efficients
The homogeneous linear equations Integral equations Corresponding to a term of form
Equations reducible to the homogeneous linear form. in the second member. Exact differential

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equations. Criterion of an exact differential equations. Simultaneous differential equations
which are linear. Simultaneous equations of the first order.
Text Books (For unit 1 and unit 2)
1. Differential calculus, Shanti Narayan and P.K. Mittal
S.Chand and company (7361), Ramnagar,New Delhi –110055 (Revised Edition 2005
Reprint 2007)
Scope :- Chapter 5 : Articles 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5(Complete),Chapter 6: Articles 6.1, 6.2
(Complete),Chapter 8: Articles 8.1 to 8.6, 8.6,Chapter 11 : Articles 11.1 to 11.6, 11.8, 11.8.1,
11.9.1, to 9.3.,Chapter 14: 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.3.1, 14.3.2, 14.5
Text Books : (For Unit 3, 4 and 5),
1. Introductory Course in Differential Equations
By Daniel A.Murray,Orient Longman Co. (India) 2002,160, Anna Salai, Chennai-
600002
Scope : Chapter I : Articles 1,Chapter II : Articles 7, 9, 10, 11, 12,13, 16, 17,
20,21,Chapter VI : CompleteChapter, VII : Article 65, 70, 71,Chapter VIII : Article 73,
74,Chapter XI : Article 98, 74
Reference Books : (for Unit 1 and 2)
1. Text book on differential calculus by Gorakh Prasad, Pothisahala private limited.
Allahabad
2. Theory and problems of Advanced calculus By Murray R. Spiegel Schawm Publishing
(O.New york).
3. An introduction to Real Analysis By P.K. Jain and S.K. Kaushi K.
S.Chand and Co.New-Delhi.
Reference Books : [For unit 3, 4, and 5]
1. Differential Equations, G.F. Simmons,Tata McGrawhill, 1972
2. Differential Equations, N.P. Bali,Anmol publications Pvt.Ltd.
New Delhi – 110002 (India)
3. Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, M.D. Raisinghania.
S.Chanel and company Ltd.Ramnagar, New Delhi – 110055
4. Lectures on (Calculus and Differential Equations)
By T.M. Karade and Maya S.Bendre,Orion Printers Private Limited.
Hyderabad – 500 004,[Sonu Nilu (Einstin Foundation International]

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 B.A./B.Sc. (First Year) Mathematics
Paper – III
Vector Analysis and Geometry

Unit 1: Vector Analysis Functions of scalar Variables: Vector Functions of single scalar
variable, Limit of a vector function, continuity, Derivative, Derivability in relations to
algebraic operations, Constant Vectors, Derivative of second & higher orders, Indefinite
Integration, Vector functions of several scalar variables, Decomposition, Limit of a vector
function, Continuity of partial Derivatives.
Unit 2: Differential Operators: Point functions, Limits & Continuity, Directional derivatives,
Cartesian Formulation. Directional Derivatives of Scalar & Vector point functions. Gradient of
a scalar point function. Geometrical interpretation grad F. character of gradient as point
function. The operators x & a.x. Divergence & Curl of sums & products. Second order
differential operatiors, The laplacian operator x2.
Unit 3: Geometry:Polar equation to a Conic, Tangent and normal. General Equation of second
degree. Confocal Conics.
Unit 4: Analytical Solid Geometry: The plane, Right line.
Unit 5: Analytical Solid Geometry:The sphere, cones, Cylinders.
For Unit 1 and 2:
Text Book:A text book of Vector Calculus- Shanti Narayan and J.N. Kapoor, S.Chand and Co.
Scope: Chapter 1 :Complete ,Chapter 2: 51.1, 51.2, 52.1, 52.2, 52.3, 53.3, 53.2, 54, 55.1, 55.2,
56, 56.1, 56.2, 57, 57.1, 57.2, 57.3, 58, 58.1, 58.2, 59, 60, 61, 62, 62.1, 62.2, 63, 63.1,
63.2, 64 to 67.
For Unit 3:
Text Book: The elements of co-ordinate Geometry by S.L. Loney S.Chand and Company
Scope: Chapter XIV: Art. 335, 336, 339 to 342, 345Chapter XV:Art. 348 to 358 Chapter
XVII: Art. 415 to 418
For Unit 4 and 5 :
Text book: Analytical Solid Geometry by Shanti Narayan ,S.Chand and Company
Scope:
Chapter 2: Art. 2.1 to 2.3, 2.31, 2.32, 2.4, 2.41, 2.42, 2.5, 2.7
Chapter 3: Art. 3.1, 3.11 to 3.14, 3.2 to 3.4, 3.6, 3.7
Chapter 6: Art. 6.11 to 6.13, 6.2, 6.31 to 6.33, 6.4, 6.41, 6.5 to 6.71
Chapter7:Art.7.1,7.2,7.3,7.7,7.71,7.8,7.82
Reference Book:
1) Advanced Calculus by Murry R. Spiegel Schaum’s Outline Series.
2) Text Book on coordinate geometry by Gorakha Prasad and H.C. Gupta. Pothishala Ptv.
Ltd. Allahabad.
3) Lectures on Vector Analysis and Geometry by T.M.Karde and Maya S. Bedre,

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 Pattern of the question Paper
B.A./B.Sc. (First Year) Mathematics
Papers – 1st, 2nd and 3rd (Theory)
Maximum Marks: 100 Duration 3 Hours
N.B. – 1) All Questions are Compulsory
2) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q.1 A) Attempt any one of the following Marks

a) Theory 10
b) Theory 10
B) Solve any two of the following
a) Theory 05
b) Problem 05
c) Problem 05

Q.2 A) Attempt any one of the following Marks

a) Theory 10
b) Theory 10
B) Solve any two of the following
a) Theory 05
b) Problem 05
c) Problem 05

Q.3 A) Attempt any one of the following Marks

a) Theory 10
b) Theory 10
B) Solve any two of the following
a) Theory 05
b) Problem 05
c) Problem 05

Q.4 A) Attempt any one of the following Marks

a) Theory 10
b) Theory 10
B) Solve any two of the following
a) Theory 05
b) Problem 05
c) Problem 05

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Q.5 A) Attempt any one of the following Marks
a) Theory 10
b) Theory 10
B) Solve any two of the following
a) Theory 05
b) Problem 05
c) Problem 05

Note: 1) Questions to be set on each unit as below:

Unit I : Question 1 only
Unit II : Question 2 only
Unit III : Question 3 only
Unit IV : Question 4 only
Unit V : Question 5 only

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