Current Information

Testfield SolarVillage – October 2009

 Imprint:
4th Auflage 10/2009
Text: Barbara Kovats, Dieter Duhm, Dieter Linke,
Jürgen Kleinwächter, Roland Luder, Uli Jung
Layout: Boris Bonjour
Photos and maps: Simon du Vinage, Roland Luder
Publisher: Projectgroup SolarVillage
Monte do Cerro
7630 Colos, Portugal
Tel: +351 / 283 635 313
solarvillage@tamera.org
 “You never change anything
by fighting the existing.
To change something, build a new model
and make the existing obsolete.”
Buckminster Fuller

3
Contents

Testfield for Tamera SolarVillage 7

The TTT-Platform 11
SolarVillage 11

Technology 11

Training 11

Transfer 12

Planning for the TTT Platform 13

I. Main Building 13

II. Extra Buildings 14

For a future without war – A message from Tamera 15

The Stirling Engine 17

What is a Stirling Engine? 17

How does a Stirling Engine work? 17

The Stirling process: 18

The Stirling research of Jürgen Kleinwächter 19

Construction of a Scheffler Mirror 23

What is a Scheffler Mirror? 23

How effective is this technology? 24

4
 Sunpulse Water 150 in Lörrach, 2008

First Hotoil-cooker in Tamera, 2006

First model of the TTT-Platform designed in cooperation with Peter Hübner, 2006

5
 They dreamt ideas and established will.
They brought the horses, birds and so many other beings.
But I never understood how they brought that star in sha-
pe of a white bird. It‘s so big. (But now there is one here.)
They came in baloons and zeppelins with many colours.
They built coloured tents and filled them with air.
And also the houses of wood and earth.
And heaven liked it.
They built lakes and the plants came back.
They talked to the clouds and they said: rain.
And the lakes were filled with water and fish.
Some swam, others were looking at each other,
but all had a different light.
Afterwards, they seeded flowers, and they blossomed,
the ideas in the rivers and they went.
And they still told the sun: Stay! And it stayed.
Poem by Pedro Portela

6

Testfield for Tamera SolarVillage
T he Earth needs new models for settlements in
which the fight of humans against each other and
against nature can be ended effectively and susta-
inably. An essential contribution to this is research
into decentralised local energy systems using a
solar technology which can also itself be produced
locally, thereby enabling an independent self-
sufficient economy. Decentralised means, in this
context, the construction of regional, relatively
independent systems which are interconnected,
creating a new form of networked self-sufficiency.
The global interchange between such networks of
self-sufficiency will lead to a new form of globalisa-
tion under humane conditions which foster peace.
The SolarVillage is a planned model settlement in
which trend-setting knowledge is researched and
applied; knowledge which integrates and advan-
ces the basic concept of cooperation in the areas
of ecology, technology and architecture. Commu-
nity and trust between humans provide the social
foundation.
The SolarVillage is furthermore a training center
of the emerging Global Campus. Individuals and
groups have the possibility to train here in techno-
logy and ecology and to live in the new surround-
ings and experience the basic ideas of community
themselves. They can then communicate the in-
sights that they have gained to their home regions
so that the concepts can be further developed
and regionally adapted. Thus a global community
is growing at several locations around the world,
working for a future worth living.
In the so-called “Taldorf” of Tamera, the first
Testfield is emerging, in which the technology and
Mounting of the ETFE-foil, 2009
also the ecology – permaculture according to the
principles of Sepp Holzer - is tested in practice and
further developed.
The core of the test field is the solar technology
developed by Juergen Kleinwaechter and his
team. In an energy greenhouse, solar radiation is
focused using Fresnel lenses or mirrors, to heat
plant oil which flows in a closed circuit and is
stored in a tank. The issue of energy storage is sol-
ved completely differently from established solar
technologies, which often work with ecologically
problematic storage systems.
The energy greenhouse also serves as a parti-
cularly efficient, water-saving greenhouse for the
production of high quality organic food. In the
future it will also be possible to use it as an enve-
lope around a house (house in house concept).
Multi-functionality is a concept which nature
shows us. The goal is to realise local self-sufficiency
regarding energy and food, in conjunction with a
high standard of living.
The hot oil is used to power a kitchen for about
fifty people by passing the oil through double-
walled cooking pots so that the heat is used directly
for cooking. Additionally steam is created through
heat exchange with the hot oil – making possible
steam-cooking, sterilisation of medical tools, water
desalination and many other applications.
Furthermore the hot oil from the energy green-
house also drives a Stirling motor – the “Sunpulse
Hotoil” - which thanks to the simple energy storage
technique, is able to provide 1.5 kW of electrical
energy, or mechanical or cooling energy, during
the day or at night. Community tools such as a mill
7
Paul Gisler (technical coordinator SolarVillage) at work on the Sunray
or saw can be efficiently directly driven mechani-
cally. The heart of a new energy supply for future
settlements is developing here.
Another module of the testfield is the “Sunpulse
Water”, a water pump based on the Stirling prin-
ciple, which is directly powered by incident solar
radiation. See page 20.
Additionally a Scheffler Mirror (see page 23) has
been constructed, and serves for cooking and
baking. The concentrated solar energy directed by
this mirror can also supply the hot oil storage of
the whole system with energy. Further elements
of the solar kitchen are a simple parabolic mirror
cooker SK14, several solar box cookers and a solar
dryer. The kitchen teams which will work here in
the future will get in touch with and experiment
with different solar cooking techniques to learn
from their own experience which technologies are
best for different situations.
A planned further addition is a biogas facility,
permitting cooking with gas and extending the
8
system range in terms of days without sun by hea-
ting the oil.
The test field also integrates an experimental
ecology area in which different aspects of Holzer‘s
permaculture techniques are demonstrated, tes-
ted and developed. This includes a kitchen garden
and healing plants and especially emphasises
urban ecology for city backyards for the “citizens
of the Earth without earth” (Sepp Holzer, www.
krameterhof.at)
For the shaded village square, Martin Pietsch has
developed a generous membrane construction.
Through the interaction of the membrane cons-
truction with the ecological design, various large
and small social meeting places develop and an
approach to semi-permeable architecture is ex-
perienced; living spaces and nature are brought
closer together.
 Jürgen Kleinwächter explains the Sunpulse Water, Summer University 2009

“To invent is to lead the correct key idea

that you have peeled out of a long chain
of errors, through numerous failures and
compromises to its practical success.”

Rudolf Diesel

9
Scetch of the TTT-Platform

T he planned SolarVillage will be closely in-

tegrated with the developing permaculture
water landscape constructed according to Sepp
Holzer‘s principles. Fire and water find power in
their mutual completion.

Planned SolarVillage

Testfield SolarVillage

10

The TTT-Platform
SolarVillage
Tamera is planning the development of a model
village on a 5-hectare (12 acres) piece of land:
the SolarVillage. A model applicable for all peace
villages, it must link research into energy techno-
logy, architecture, ecology and social knowledge
to produce practical and theoretical knowledge
on sustainability and the greatest possible self-
sufficiency. The first pilot model will consist of a
village with fifty people
The planned SolarVillage lake where the village
will be located will be linked to technological
water experiments (for example, “Hot Lake” or re-
search into water currents). Together with all other
areas of the emerging Tamera water landscape it
will serve the purpose of ecological regeneration.
Jürgen Kleinwächter’s Solar Power Village forms
the technological energy core of the SolarVillage.
This research station has the special characteristic
that the technologies will be used, tested and con-
stantly developed by the same group of people in
a real life situation. “In this way practical solutions
will emerge that are suitable for the future while
simultaneously improving the quality of life.”
(Jürgen Kleinwächter)
The first specific step is the creation of the TTT-
Platform: a Center for Technology, Training and
Transfer.
The plan is to bring together forward-thinking
people from many disciplines, especially research
pioneers whom are not often heard or are even
oppressed. Tamera is cooperating in the develop-
Scetch of the TTT-Platform
ment of social and human knowledge based on its
long-term community research.
Technology
The main objective of the TTT-Platform is to de-
monstrate that the technological knowledge for
food and energy self-sufficient structures exists
and is dynamically growing.
The TTT-Platform gathers together, intercon-
nects and disseminates technological knowledge
worldwide.
The TTT-Platform provides the creative playg-
round for a “Free Lab” to originate concepts for the
future, for example in the areas of vortices, storage
of light, the effect of fields on plants, and much
more. The goal of all the research is the creation
of self-sufficient, decentralized living structures
adaptable to all climate zones of the world.
Training
The knowledge developed at the TTT-Platform will
be shared in the context of the initiative for peace
training of the “Global Campus” under the supervi-
sion of Sabine Lichtenfels.
Techniques to build sustainable social structures
suitable for peace must be learned and practiced.
The training consists on the one hand of learning
peace-knowledge, in the context of a basic course
while living together in community with people
from many countries. On the other hand Solarpo-
wer Technology and other sustainable technolo-
11
Model of the TTT-Platform

“We have to build seed kernels of a new

development. Seeds which are so ready to
sprout that they lead to the creation of a
global field.”
Dieter Duhm

gies will be learned in concrete terms, in order to
be able to implement them in whatever place one
wishes to work. This is a meaningful way to create
work cycles and work places.
Undertaking the sponsorship of a project or
a person, for example from Israel /Palestine or
Columbia, will enable them to complete a basic
course or internship in the SolarVillage.
Transfer
After completing a sound training, the goal is to
bring the knowledge to the places where it is most
needed. This will build a foundation of worldwide
decentralized, sustainable systems.
A network of training places, called the “Global
Campus”, will be formed to pass on the basic know-
ledge for the building of selfsufficient systems.
Our co-workers will travel abroad with the goal
of supporting the development of a subsistence
economy (regional, self-sufficient economic areas)
or to participate in developing technology and
ecology.

12

Planning for the TTT Platform
I. Main Building
Seminar Room
Designed to hold approximately 100 visi-
tors and 10 organizers, circular, diameter 15
meters, clear ceiling approx. 6.5 meters, out-
side height approx. 8 meters, roof surface
slightly inclined, inside without support,
support outside Transparent roofing (in-
side & outside ETFE foil), transparent walls
all around (Material used: heat protection
glass or ETFE) Awning around the outside
at the height of an imaginary ceiling above
the first floor
Thermal control via:
-- Fresnel receivers in a rotating roof sur-
face
-- Photovoltaic shield with a circumfe-
rence of more than 120°,
-- Height measurements between the
circumferential awning and the rail of
Drawings of the TTT-Platform from Dieter Linke and Martin Pietsch
Model of the TTT-Platform
the roof movable from East to South, to
West, independent from the roof rotati-
on
-- Additional blinds at the first floor level
and the roof surface to enable full shad-
ing
No design to fully darken the room, but
projectors for evening presentations
Flexible seating
Heat-storing back wall
Sliding doors on the lake-view side
Access to the atrium and other parts of the
building across the lake road
Generous green area, to be used as a lecture
room and creative retreat space
13
Lakeside Terrace in front of the Seminar Room Outdoor Test Area
Use: meetings and development of for locally built objects, or objects
visions brought by participants
Atrium Use: meetings and development of Construction Office with Workshop Office
visions Generous green area, seating for secretaries, engineers, workshop
and tables planning, drawings
Recreation Room
II. Extra Buildings for coworkers, changing room, meal
Main Entrance and Reception breaks, etc.
reception and telephone exchange Workshop for metal, synthetic material, wood,
Visitors’ Center and Office Center hydraulic workshop
for organization and conference par- Room for Electronics
ticipants and their external communi- Room for Chemistry
cation needs Dust-free Room
Office for Tamera Administration Room for Free Energy
for aprx. four people Lavatories II for workshop wing
Server Room Technology Room, Construction
Meeting and Presentation Room for conventional construction tech-
15 – 20 people, suitable for multime- nology
dia presentations,darkening possible Technology Room, Solar Systems
Room for Silence, Retreat & Encounters for the steering and regulation of
loving and living solar technologies with flexible re-
Tea Kitchen refreshments for seminar partici- structuring options
pants, meetings room users Technology Room, Energy Storage
Lavatories I for seminar and office wing for hot oil storage, batteries, flying
Temporary Exhibition Space wheel storage
for locally built objects, or objects
brought by participants
Technology Museum
for special permanent exhibits

Tibetan monks with the Sunpulse Hotoil and Jürgen Kleinwächter demonstrating the Solar Organ, 2008

14
For a future without war
A message from Tamera
The world is in a lot of pain. After a five-
thousand-year history of war, of persecution
and displacement, humanity has lost its source.
A collective trauma runs through populations
and continents. This trauma is inherent in
perpetrators and victims alike, in large catast-
rophes as well as in individual hardships. Huma-
nity is one whole entity and her energies form a
continuum. Emotional hardship of abandoned
children and chronic pain over failed love rela-
tionships reappear at another point in the form
of violence and genocide. The central area of
the crisis of our time is that of the relationship
between human beings, particularly between
the genders. It is there, at the core of sexuality,
love, partnership and community where the
wound is deepest. It is there where deliverance
and healing has to happen.
The development of a global peace model is
the goal we have been aiming at for the past
thirty years. New social forms of cohabitation
are coupled with new developments in ecology
and technology. We believe that a future wit-
hout war is possible for all human beings and all
creations on Earth, if only we utilize the mental
and technical possibilities which are available to
us today.
At the center of the human work stands the
recovery of trust - trust among human beings,
trust between humans and animals, and trust
in the divine world. We know that our work can
To give coherence between the Testfield 1 and the planned Testfield 2, we provide extracts from a free
speech of Dieter Duhm (10.10.2009, Tamera):
We have to build seed kernels of a new deve-
lopment. Seeds which are so ready to sprout
that they lead to the creation of a global field.
The strategy to heal our world requires models.
(...)
To create a model one has to achieve an over-
view of our human needs today:
1) Humans need a different material basis for
their existence on this planet. We need different
approaches for energy, water and food supply
as otherwise it is clear that we will destroy the
Dieter Duhm, June 2009
only be successful if it is in resonance with the
higher laws of the “Sacred Matrix.” The longer
we keep researching, the more clearly we recog-
nize the unity of the large family of life to which
we all belong. The concepts for social, ecolo-
gical, technological and spiritual issues that
evolve from this recognition appear unfamiliar
to us. They will first have to be tested on small
models before finding their way into the world.
What is maturing today in small communities
(up to 200 people) could lead to a new plane-
tary culture through building “morphogenetic
fields.” As soon as an interruption at only a few
points in the traumatic chain of humanity is suc-
cessful, new healing forces are released which
will change the global cycles. The international
cooperation for a “Future without War” is not as-
sociated with any religious or political systems,
since the planetary future is based on a power
that transcends all limitations. In this sense we
work on the development of a “Global Campus”
with bases in many countries (Israel, Palestine,
India, and Colombia thus far). We are thankful
for all offers of support and cooperation. The
world needs our help.
In the name of all those who are perse-
cuted and spurned,
In the name of all children,
In the name of the love of all creatures.
Earth. We need decentral units which are able
to sustain themselves using new methods. It
is for this reason that we build the SolarVil-
lage in Tamera. The first phase is now visible:​
“Testfield 1”
2) In conjunction with “Testfield 1” we need a
“Testfield 2”, where models are developed – I
speak rather technically now – models for the
resolution of the war between the genders, for
resolution of the historical trauma in love and
15
The Energy Power Greenhouse under construction, 2009
sexuality, for Eros without lies, for partnership
without masquerade; a place where we want to
build models for a new concept of love.
Here things are to be learned which we have
never learned. When I would be able to endu-
ringly love a human being, a woman, even if
she ignores me; when I am able to still love her
when she goes with another man, then one day
she will love me as I love her. This is the law of
spiritual symmetry.
It is so. But who has the endurance and who
has the knowledge? Where can one learn such
things? We need a school of love where the
fundamental laws of love are learned, just as in
“Testfield 1”, the fundamental laws of physics
have to be learned.
Becoming aware, knowing participants in the
mystery of love; this is the entrance into a new
epoch. If you want to know what one is dealing
with in the area of love and partnership, you
have to know what happened with love and
partnership and sexuality for five thousand ye-
16
ars and what the male patriarchal society did to
women, especially to attractive women. If you
look at the way a horrible human trauma was
carved into the area of love; if you see that, then
you know that the resolution of our conflicts in
partnership is not an issue between two people
but an issue of humankind. (...) Through history,
a traumatic film has developed, which perma-
nently runs unconsciously between men and
women. There is no exception.(…)
And sometime, when one has understood all of
this, it is enough. Then you tell yourself and also
others: Enough, these times are over. We have
to do something and we have the possibility
today to end this war globally by using the right
means in ecology, in technology, in the school
of love, in spirituality and in economy. But we
need places where all this knowledge is gathe-
red together. Such a place is Tamera. Tamera
was built as a model where the necessary know-
ledge and energies come together to develop a
comprehensive model about which we can say,
this is how it could function globally.

The Stirling Engine
T he Stirling engine was invented in 1816 by the
Scottish Reverend Robert Stirling, about 50 years
after the invention of the steam engine. Mainly
driven by ethical considerations, he developed
this alternative for the work in coal pits and stone
quarries. The steam engines that were used to
pump water in this areas often exploded and many
children working in the pits were injured. The first
Stirling engine worked as a water pump to drain a
stone quarry in Scotland. The Stirling engine saw a
first boom at the end of the 19th Century as a de-
centralized energy source for the private houses of
the rapidly growing middle class. At the beginning
of the 20th Century, about 250,000 Stirling engines
were in use worldwide, for example driving ven-
tilators, water pumps or sewing machines. They
can provide mechanical energy to private homes
and small manufactures. When Otto and Diesel
electro-generators came into use, Stirling engines
were nearly completely replaced. Since the mid-
1970s, the Stirling engine is regaining acceptance,
Sunpulse Hotoil, 2004
Sunpulse water beside lake 1, 2008
mainly in the context of solar power stations and
small co-generation units.
What is a Stirling Engine?
Stirling engines are nearly ideal thermal engines,
meaning that they convert thermal energy very
efficiently into mechanical energy. Based on its
thermodynamic principle the Stirling engine has
an higher conversion efficiency than the steam
engine or the Otto or Diesel engines. A Stirling
engine can use any possible heat source and heat
sink as its “fuel” as the heat is provided externally
from various sources. The Stirling engine doesn‘t
depend on burning fossil fuel internally like the
Otto or Diesel motors, but can work with nearly
every heat source, in the ideal case with biomass
and/or the radiation of the sun.
How does a Stirling Engine work?
The Stirling engine is driven by the temperature
fluctuation of its working gas (typically air) which
First Stirling motor, 1816
17
 The Stirling process:
The Stirling engine works in 4 cycles:
Cycle 1: isothermal expansion: In the lower part
of the cylinder the air is heated and the
resulting pressure moves the power pis-
ton upwards.
Cycle 2: the displacer piston with a phase shift
of one fourth of a period moves down-
ward and thereby displaces the air in the
upper part of the cylinder. Here the air
cools down in an isocoric way and the
pressure diminishes.
Cycle 3: isothermal compression: The power pis-
ton moves downwards and compresses
the air. The compression heat is extrac-
ted through the cooler.
Cycle 4: the displacer piston pushes the air again
into the lower part of the cylinder where
it is heated isocorically.

18
 The Energy Power Greenhouse and the Sunpulse Water under construction, 2009
is caused by the heat source and heat sink. The air
repeatedly expands (when heated) and shrinks
(when cooled). Between the heating of the gas,
causing expansion and the cooling of the gas,
causing contraction, there needs to be a technical
solution to create the fluctuation between hot and
cold. Robert Stirling who created this hot air engi-
ne found a superb solution. His idea was to create
separated temperature zones: a permanently hot
and a permanently cold zone within the engine.
A displacer piston is used to periodically shift the
air back and forth between the hot and cold zones
where it can expand and contract. A connected
power piston is moved when the air expands in
the hot zone and consequently provides positive
mechanical energy as the pressure rises.
The Stirling research of Jürgen Kleinwächter
In 1971 father Hans and son Jürgen Kleinwächter
extended their private research institute KLERA
(Kleinwächter research & development for space
and nuclear technology) more and more into the
growing field of solar energy. Until this time, Hans
Kleinwächter had developed many technologies
such as novel microwave antennas, shock wave
Solar power station SKK, Lörrach 1981
reflectors for the destruction of kidney stones,
rocket guidance systems and the most advanced
anthropomorphic robot syntelman (Synchronous
telemanipulators). Most of these genius inventions
were used in the arms and nuclear industries and
therefore father and son made the ethical decision
to subsequently bring their scientific knowledge
only into the service of the solar future. Beside
many other research areas ( e.g.  the first German
solar car 1978) they concentrated mainly on the
development of thermodynamic and especially
Stirling engines and light weight concentrator
optics — in which sunlight is concentrated with
the help of thin metallised, pneumatically defor-
med foil concentrators, or more simply: reflective
plastic sheets curved with air pressure. These are
the two key components to realize their basic idea:
to combine relatively simple modules into a super
lightweight and economic solar power station.
In the year 1980 they founded the Bomin Solar
lnstitute as joint venture with the German oil com-
pany Bomin. The subsequent intensive research on
Stirling engines resulted in the innovative system
of a magnetically coupled high temperature Stir-
19
ling engine, which offers the technical solution
for hermetically sealed high efficiency Ses using
Helium as the working gas. Already in the early
Eighties they created a light weight solar power
station SKK (Solar Kuppel Kraftwerk) on their test-
field in Lörrach. This consisted of a 10m foil para-
boloid coupled with a 10 kW el free-piston Stirling,
protected under a 17m high transparent dome.
In the mid-Nineties Jürgen Kleinwächter and his
team continued working after Hans Kleinwächter’s
death in 1979. They concentrated increasingly
on the development of low (around 100 degrees
centigrade) and medium temperature (from 100
to maximum 500 degrees centigrade) Stirling En-
gines. The target is to develop a simple technology
independent from large production facilities, for
decentralized energy production for the benefit of
large populations.
The high pressures and temperatures of classical
Stirling engines require expensive special mate-
rials and high precision and are therefore very
expensive. In comparison, a simplified technology
Draft of the Sunpulse Water 300
20
for low and medium temperatures should result
in efficiencies comparable to high temperature
engines, however with greatly simplified and more
economical materials and much lower mecha-
nical tolerances. The reduction of temperatures,
pressures and frequencies make novel efficiency
enhancing geometries and materials possible for
both the engines and the necessary optical con-
centrators. The Croatian Professor Ivo Kolin and
the Nürnberg based inventor Eckart Weber inspire
the Kleinwächter team with theoretical bases and
function models of low temperature Stirling engi-
nes.
A completely novel Stirling technology is born,
working with relatively low temperatures, high
efficiencies and simple heat storage solutions for
round-the-clock operation of the Stirling engine.
This technology offers an answer to the enormous
worldwide requirement for small power engines in
the range from approximately 100 Watt to approxi-
mately 2 kilowatts. Consequently two models have
been developed and are continually optimized,
the “Sunpulse Water” and the “Sunpulse Hotoil” .
Cross-section of the Sunpulse Hotoil 1500
The Sunpulse Water is a water pump which directly
converts the incident energy of the incoming solar
radiation into hydraulic energy and therefore of-
fers ideal conditions for decentralized applications.
The enormous potential of such simple efficient
directly driven solar pumps becomes most evident
when considering the situation in India: About
50% (!) of the total electrical energy produced is
used to drive water pumps in rural areas. Since
the population in these areas is poor and cannot
afford the normal price of electricity, the central
government is strongly subsidizing this electricity.
Therefore Sunpulse Water engines offer the Indian
economy a huge opportunity. As they can be pro-
duced locally with simple tools and materials this
solution has the potential to create stable employ-
ment and drastic environmental improvements in
these areas.
The Sunpulse Hotoil is driven by two fluid circuits;
hot oil on the hot side and water on the cold side. It
directly drives such mechanical systems as cooling
compressors, grain mills, saws and many other
useful mechanical systems; also electrical genera-
tors to produce electricity. The hot oil is heated by
concentrated solar radiation and is used directly as
both the heat transportation and storage medium.
Thus the Sunpulse Hotoil acts as a solar power
station able to provide around-the-clock energy of
several kW.
The direct conversion of heat to mechanical energy
without the use of electric generators and motors
is a most elegant and economic way to produce
decentralized power. When an environmental-
neutral biomass/biogas burner is added to the
system, the round-the-clock operation can also
be maintained during sun-poor seasons. Jürgen
Kleinwächter and his team are continuing to op-
timize Stirling engines. One of the key elements is
to develop optimal fluid dynamic configurations
to enable efficient and extremely low cost heat
exchangers – a key challenge for Stirling engines.
Amongst the newest developments are the Sun-
pulse Hotoil 1000 with a power delivery of 1kWel,
which since 2008 is operating at the Centre of​
Installation of the Sunpulse Hotoil 1500 in the Testfield
21
Scheffler Mirror in Tamera, 2008

“Recreation of trust is the human core of

the work. Trust amongst humans,
trust between humans and animals,
trust in the divine world. ”
Dieter Duhm

Excellence of Bill Arrington in Greencastle, India-
na). In Lörrach, 2009 an optimized Sunpulse Water
with 300 Watt hydraulic power is in operation.
To extend the power output of the Sunpulse Ho-
toil engine to the 10kW power range, a modified
extremely compact medium temperature Stirling
engine – the “Y-engine” is currently under develop-
ment.
In Tamera, two Sunpulse Stirling engines currently
operate on the solar TestField.
1. The Sunpulse Water 150, a low temperature
Stirling engine with integrated solar collector and
hydraulic bellows pump with 150 Watt power (this
can lift 1 liter of water per second about 15m high).
This engine was built in 2008 in cooperation with
the solar team of Tamera.
2. The Sunpulse Hotoil 1500, a medium tempera-
ture engine delivering 1.5kW electricity with a hot
oil circuit. The hot oil is produced in the Fresnel
lens system of the neighbouring energy-power
greenhouse and is used as the heat transportation
medium whose heat content is stored in a large
hot oil/gravel heat storage tank to extend the ope-
ration of the engine around the clock.

22

Construction of a Scheffler Mirror
Under the guidance of Alec Gagneux, a seminar took place in April - June 2008 for the construction of
a Scheffler Mirror in cooperation with the Tamera-Technology-Team, Monte Cerro students and invited
experts.
What is a Scheffler Mirror?
A Scheffler Mirror is a sun reflector with a fixed
focus, meaning that the sunlight is focused on a
fixed point whereby the adjustment is designed
in such a way that the burning point remains
fixed and does not wander. For this adjustment
mechanism the inventor of this technology,
Wolfgang Scheffler, has developed an intelligent
construction which is related to the principles of
the workings of a mechanical clock. The mirror
adjusts automatically to follow the course of the
sun with the help of a technology which is built
from parts of bicycles. This technology has also
been adopted and is being taught by the Barefoot
College in Tilonia, India, one of the Global Campus
cooperation partners (www.barefootcollege.org).
On a sunny day the fixed focus for a solar oven, for
Cooking with the Scheffler Mirror
Scheffler Mirror in Tamera, 2008
instance, can be run without needing any manual
adjustment.
Through the fixed focus of the Scheffler Mirror
the construction of solar kitchens is possible, since
the mirror supplies continued condensed light
energy. The distance between the burning point
(for instance the baking oven of a house) and the
centre of the reflector (mirror in front of the house)
is defined by the curve chosen for the mirror.
Where are Scheffel Mirrors useful?
For the past 20 years the mirrors have been used
in many Southern countries. The construction
plans are an Open Source (not patented but feely
accessible). The Barefoot College for instances,
hold regular courses to capacitate village women
to create their own independent and environment-
friendly source of energy.
23
Framework for the slit receiver, 2009
The basic idea which led to the development of
the Scheffler Mirror was the desire to make solar
cooking as comfortable as possible. At the same
time the apparatus should be such that - after a
given period of instruction – it ought to be pos-
sible for it to be produced with locally available
materials at any rural welding workshop. Since the
construction of a Scheffler Reflector does not have
to rely on building parts from large industries, it
constitutes a step towards independence.
In India, the energy for large kitchens in some of
the Ashrams is produced with Scheffler Mirrors.
The largest such installation provides meals for up
to 18.000 persons.
Instead of a cooking stove it is also possible to
direct the burning focus to a backing oven, a stea-
mer or heat storage.
Second reflector in the cooking box
24
How effective is this technology?
The output of a reflector with a surface of 10 m2
varies depending on the season of the year (i.e.
high or low sun level) from between 2.2 kW during
summer and 3.3 kW during winter with a sunbeam
input of 700 Watt per m2.
How does Tamera want to use the Scheffler Mir-
ror?
With the surface of 10 m2 the mirror itself is an im-
pressive sight apart from being a “shining” examp-
le – in the true sense of the word – for a technology
usually associated with third world development
to be part of energy solutions in European coun-
tries.
Scheffler Mirror in the Testfield
 Architecture in the Testfield 2009

For financial support:

Portugal:
Account holder: Associação para um Mundo Humanitário
Bank: Caixa Crédito Agrícola S. Teotónio
NIB: 0045 6332 4021 9980 8662 0
IBAN: PT50 0045 6332 4021 9980 8662 0 BIC: CCCMPTPL

Germany:
Account holder: Karl-Rainer Ehrenpreis - Forschungsgemeinschaft Tamera
Bank: GLS Gemeinschaftsbank Bochum
Account-No.: 400 635 2400, Bank Code (BLZ): 430 609 67
IBAN: DE02 4306 0967 4006 3524 00, BIC: GENODEM1GLS

Switzerland:
Account holder: Stiftung FGB, Verein Netzwerk - Tamera
Bank: Freie Gemeinschaftsbank, Basel
Account-No.: 400.631.3, Clearing-No.: 8392, Postcheque Basel: 40-963-0
IBAN: CH20 0839 2000 0040 0631 3, BIC: RAIFCH22XXX
Tax deductible receipts are available for donations made to this account in Switzerland .

USA:
Through the IHC (International Humanities Center), a non-profit organisation with 501 [c],
you can get a donation invoice for the USA.
Cheques:
please send them directly to: IHC - International Humanities Center, PO Box 923, Malibu, CA 90265, USA.
As reason for payment, please write: IHC/IGF
Credit cards:
please call: +1-310-579.2069; Fax: + 1-206-333.1797,
Steve Sugarman: steve@ihcenter.org

Thank you for your support

The Projectgroup SolarVillage

25
 For further information:

www.tamera.org
solarvillage.tamera.org

Tamera, Monte do Cerro, 7630-932 Colos, Portugal

Tel. Office Tamera: +351 / 283 635 306
Tel. Office SolarVillage: +351 / 283 635 313
Fax.: +351 / 283 635 316

Your contact person: Barbara Kovats

solarvillage@tamera.org