Worksheet #1 COMPOSITION (SYNTHESIS) REACTIONS IF THE REACTANTS ARE: — a. two elements bone element and a compound containing that element water and a metal oxide 4. water and a nonmetal oxide ‘you probably have a composition reaction. GENERAL EQUATION: A +B > AB | Element; + Element; > Compound ] APPLY THESE RULES TO COMPOSTION REACTIONS: ‘metal + nonmetal => salt nonmetal oxide (acid anhydride) ++ water => temary acid (main versions) ‘metal oxide (basic anhydride) + water => metal hydroxide ‘metal chloride + oxygen => metal chlorate nonmetal oxide + metal oxide => salt (with polyatomic ion) ‘metal oxide ~ carbon dioxide => metal carbonate ‘compound + clement already in compound => compound w/ element at higher oxidation state note: oxidation numbers never change unless rule 7 applies! ‘metal + oxygen => metal oxide STATES OF MATTER IN COMPOSITION REACTION ‘nonmetal oxides (8) metal oxides (8) salts (6) water) acid (a9) individual elements (look at periodic chat for state) if one reactant is water, then the product could be aqueous (aq) ‘THE DIATOMICS: Hy, N;, O3, F:, Cla, Bray Lz DIRECTIONS: Determine the products of each reaction and balance the equation. Indicate all states. Place ‘the rule number for each to the right of each problem. Use the main version of the ion. Lit b= 1 Si} B= Mg ~ 12, C0 + 0;=. ht Bob + Ch =. 50, + 1,03. 14, 0, § 10 =. Mn ~ Ch, 15, Sb + Br, 16, > cach + 0; = 1. Ag + 0:5. AL + ™=. 18. CO + 0, Po + Ch=>, 19, NO + HO=>, Feo + CO; =, 20, Cu + S> Chemical Equations page 1Worksheet #2 DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS RULES IF THE REACTANT IS A SINGLE COMPOU! REACTION. ), THE REACTION IS A DECOMPOSITION GENERAL EQUATION; AB > A+B | Compound > Element; + Element; | APPLY THESE RULES TO DECOMPOSTION REACTIO! salt => metal ~ nonmetal temary acid => nonmetal oxide (acid anhydride) + water ‘metal hydroxide => metal oxide (basic anhydride) + water 4, metal chlorate => metal chloride + oxygen 5. salt (with polyatomic ion) => nonmetal oxide + metal oxide 6. metal carbonate => metal oxide + carbon dioxide 7. metal oxide => metal ~ oxygen 8. hydrated salts => anhydrous salt + water STATES OF MATTER IN DEC nonmetal oxides (g) metal oxides (9) salts (9) water as a product (g) water asa reactant (0) acids (aq) individual elements (look at periodic chat for state) [POSITION REACTIO! THE DIATOMICS: Hz, Nz, O3, Fs) Ch Bra, Fy DIRECTIONS: Determine the products of each reaction. Balance the equation. Indicate the states of matter ‘on lll reactants and products. Place the rule number for each to the right of each problem. 1. ZnCO; => TL, AgiO => 2. Ba(Cl0;)2 =. 12, FeOH): =. 3. Sb.0; =, 13. PBrs =. 4. CaCOs => 14, CuSO, + SHO =, 5. KCI, =. 15, Mg(OH)2=, 6. HCO, => 16. HPO, =. 7. Ba(OH)> =. 17, AKOH)s =, 8. Heo =. 18, Zn(NOs)s => 9. NaCl = 19, CayPO.).= 10. HyS0, =>. 20. NaO; =, ‘Chemical Equations page 2Worksheet #3 SINGLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS (REDOX) IF THE REACTANTS IN AN EQUATION ARE: an element and a compound that does not contain the element, GENERAL EQUATION AX + B > BX +A ++ you probably have a single replacement reaction. [Compound, + Element,-> Compound, + Element; | APPLY THESE RULES: 1) 2) 3) 4) ‘Check Activity Series chart to determine if reaction will even take place. An active metal will replace the metallic ion in a compound of a less active metal. Active metals, such as zine, iron, and aluminum (all metals above hydrogen in the series) will replace the hydrogen in acids to give a salt and hydrogen gas. Halogens will replace less active halogens. STATES OF MATTER IN SINGLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS: For reactions to take place, there must be a dissolving medium, ‘This will either be an aqueous solution (acids and others) or liquid (water, ‘nonmetal oxides (2) ‘metal oxides (aq) salts (aq) water (I) hint: ean be written as H(OH) acid (aq) individual elements (look at periodic chart for state) ‘always bave aqueous/liquid as reactan/product THE DIATOMICS: Ht, Nz, O2, Fz, Chy Bras Complete and balance the following equations. If the single element is not active enough to replace an clement in the compound, put an “X” over the arrow. Write all states of matter on each reactant and product. Place the rule number for each to the right of each problem. 1 CaCh + Sr, 1B 2. NaF + Chas, 14 3 AL + Fe,0,=, 15, HCL + Ag =. 4. Sal, + Na, 16. POSO, + Ba =. 5. HCL + ca 1. aly + Bry = 6 Mn + HCl =. 18, HS0, + Fe =. 1. HO + Cam 19, Cd + CuSO, = 8 Me + Cubr=, 20, AL + ARNO, =, 9. CWO + T=, 21, Zn + HyS0, >. 10, Cu + AgNOs= 22. HPO, + AL = Co + AlNO)s >. 23. Zo(NOjy = Ne. 12, Br + Baa. 24, MCh + Cua. Chemical Equations page 3Worksheet #4 DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS IF THE REACTANTS IN AN EQUATION ARE TWO IONIC COMPOUNDS the reaction if probably a Double Decomposition. Check your solubility eharts to determine if the reaction ean take place first 1, Inthese reactions, the reactants switch “parmers.” Example: 2NaCl + H,SO,=> Na,SO,_+ 2HC1 2. It is important that the formula of the products be written correctly. If they are correct, balancing the equation by inspection is a simple task; if not, the equation will never balance. 3. In these reactions, there is never a change in oxidation state GENERAL EQUATION AX + BY > BX + AY [ Compound, + Compound,> Compound; + Compound; | y THESE RU 1) A reaction between am acid and a base vields a salt and a water. 2) Reaction of a salt with an acid forms a salt of the acid and a second acid, which is volatile 3) Reaction of some soluble salts produces an insoluble salt and a soluble salt or 4 non-dissociated compound and a soluble salt. 4) It is not difficult to write the equation, but, what is more important, does the reaction take place?” 5) Indicate all gaseous products by marking with a (g) and all or insoluble products with a(S) 6) Ifthe reaction does not take place, mark (NR-No reaction) and indicate the reason, 7) Both reactants have to be aqueous for the reaction to take place. 8) Both products can not be aqueous; along with an aqueous product, there must also be a solid, liquid, or gas come out as product. 9) Reaction does not occur if products are identical to reactants A REACTION TENDS TO GO TO COMPLETION IF: a, One of the products is a gas and is allowed to escape, The most common inorganic gases are: Hy , Cly 2, Nz Ha8, HE, HCL, HBr, HI, CO, CO, 803 , $0; , NHs , NO, N,O , NO , and HN. b. An unionized substance such as HO. HCO, as a product will decompose into HO) + COy instead of being shown as an aqueous product. 4d, NH.OH as an aqueous produet will break down into Hy)! HzO, fe. An insoluble substance, a solid, is formed. STATES OF MATTER DOUBLE RI Follow the Solubility Chart to predict the states of each reactant and product. Chemical Equations page 4DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTIONS Complete and balance the following equations. If the reaction doesn’t take place, indicate the reason why. Write the states of matter for each reactant and product. 1. MgSO, = Ca(CHs0:)2 => 2. Cs:CO; + ZnBr, > 3. Pb(ND,)2 + NaCO, = 4. NaSO, + Heil => 5. NHCl + Ba(OH); > 6. NaBr } PB(NOS): => 7. Ca(CqhO)), +KNO, = 8. Ba(OH): + NHLGHO: = 9. NHJOH + ANNO), > 10. MgCl; + Hg,S0, => IL, NHyBr + Ag(CoHy 12, HS, + KCL => 13, CaS + CuSO, > 14, HCL + Bao; > 15, AgNO, + HNO; > 16, SCO, + H,SO, > 17, B(OH), + NaSO, => 18 AOI; + Fe(S0)s > 19, PO(CHO3)2 + KS, = 20, FeSO, + HPO, => 21, NaCl = SiS => 22. Pb(CIO,). + KHSO, = 23. AIPO, + CaCOs => 24, HI + HesNO,). > 25. FeCh + Ago = Chemical Equations page SWorksheet #5 MIXED CHEMICAL REACTIONS Complete and balance the following reactions. Indicate the type of reaction inthe blank using C-composition; D=decomposition, ‘SR=single replacement, DR=double replacement. For the given word problems, write the entire equation in the space provide and balance like the rest. Include states of matter on all equations. For ions with multiple oxidation numbers, use the most common ‘one indicated in bold on the periodie chart 1, Fe + CuSO, => MgCos =, 3. KCL + Hg:S0, =. 48 >. 5. HS0, +Cd =. 6. Zine + Silver sulfate => 7. Sulfur dioxide + water => —_ 8. Aluminum sulfite + Sodium hydroxides 9. on + Chlorine gas = 10, Decomposition of Potassium chlorate => I, HEL + Caco, =, 12. AgNO, + HCL = 1. Zn + 0; > 14, 1,80. 5. 15, FeO, + Hy =. 16, Sovtum sulfate + Barium bromide => 17, Nitrogen monoxide + oxygen=. 18, Heating and decomposition of magnesium sulfate heptabydrate=> 19, Water + sodium=> 20, Mercuty (1) nitrate + Potasium sulfate —> 21 N+ Hh = 22. AgNO, + Na,CO, >, 23. Hg + 0: =. 24. NaOH + BaBr, =. 25, KNO; + KCHO =. Chemical Equations page 626, Combining of iron and water=> 27. Silicon + Sulfur =, 28, Antimony (Il) sulfide + Iron = 29, Potassium chloride + Ammonium chloride=> 30. Copper and oxygen. 31. CuO + Hh =, 33, CaS + HCL = 34. AuCh = 35. Sb + S$ = 36, ron (It) oxide and Aluminum=> 37. Heating and decomposition of Mercury 11) oxide= 38, Iron (1) bromide + Barium hydroxide=> 39, Magnesium + Lead (I) sulfate =, 40, Aluminum and nitrogen =. 4 Hydrosulfurie acid and Iron (U1) chloride => 42, Breakdown of Nitrogen trihydrie (ammonia) = 43, Sodium phosphate and Magnesium sulfate=. 44, Sulfur trioxide and water => 45, Sodium bromide and chlorine => Chemical Equations page 7Worksheet #6 WORD PROBLEMS Write and balance the equations from the reactant names given below. Note the classifica reactants. Name the products of each reaction. Indicate states of matter of all parts. ns of the various types of, 1. Composition Reactions ‘A. Reactants ~ two elements 1, Strontium + ehlotine => 2. jton + oxygen = 3. aluminum + fluorine => BB, Reactants compound + clement in the compound 4, carbor wonoxide ~ oxygen => §. antimony II chloride + chlorine => . Reactants - non-metallic oxide + water 6. dinitrogen pentoxide + water => 7. sulfur dioxide + water => D. Reactants ~ metalic oxide + water 8. lithium oxide + water => 9. copper Tl oxide + water => II, Decomposition Reat A. Reactant Binary compound 10, mercury Il oxide => 11, ammonia => 12, calcium oxide => B, Reactant Acid 13, carbonic acid => 14, sulfuric acid > Reactant — Base 15. magnesium hydroxide => 16. iron III hydroxide => Chemical Equations pagesIL, Decomposition Reactions (continued) D. Reactant — metallic carbonate 117, magnesium carbonate => 18, zine carbonate => E, Reactant — metallic chlorate 19, sodium chlorate => 20. beryllium chlorate => IIL. Single Replacement Reactions A, Reactants ~ acid + metal 21. magnesium + hydrochloric acid —> 22. gold + sulfuric acid => B. Reactants — metal + salt 23. copper + silver nitrat = 24, magnesium + potassium nitrate => 25, potassium + magnesium nitrate => . Reactants — nonmetal + salt 26, bromine + sodium chloride => 27. chlorine + sodium bromide => TV, Double Replacement Reactions A. Reactants ~ acid + base 28, sulfurous acd + magnesium hydroxide 29, carbonic acid + lithium hydroxide > 30, acetic acid + sodium hydroxide => BB, Reactants — two ion salts 31. lead IT chloride + potassium nitrate > 32. potassium acetate + sodium nitrate => 33. silver nitrate + sodium chloride => Chemical Equations page 9Worksheet #7 NET IONIC EQUATIONS Net Tonic Equations tell you “where the action is” in a Double Replacement Reaction, You only include the ions that go out of solution in the Net Ionic Equation, 1, All common soluble salts should be written as dissociated with the exception of mercury I chloride. 2. Most weak acids are written in the molecular form; common strong acids such ac HCI, HBr , HI, (not HF) , HNO, , H,S0, , HC10, , are shown as dissociated ions. 3. Group I and Il hydroxides are strong bases and may be shown as aqueous or slightly soluble. A slightly soluble base reacted ‘with an acid can be thought of as aqueous when it is one of the reactants 4. All insoluble salts should be so designated by (s) and gases indicated by an (g) 5. Ammonium hydroxide as a product will tur into aqueous and gaseous ammonia and liquid water 6. Carbonic acid as a product will decompose into carbon dioxide and water. 7. Sulfurous acid as a product will decompose into sulfur dioxide and water. Complete and Balance the equation: 2NHChia) * B(OH) yg) > BaCh yg) + 2NBbgy + 20, '. Write the total ionic equation: INH aq) + 21 + Ba yg) + 20H “py > Ba yy + 2CI- gy +2NHsyg + 2:0 Write the net ionie equation (include only those species that change as the reaction takes place) 2NH,° + 20H" 2NHyju) + 2H:0q, PROBLEM! L.A. HyS0q.9) + NaOHeg => B. 2A. ABNOg (4g) + CaBryoq) > B. BAL Naljagy + PBONO)s\a0) => B. ©. Chemical Equations page 10AL AgCNay + HCl) => S.A. BaOH)aay + Na:SOxg) 6A, NaNOsgy + HCl => TA. ZnChay) = B. c. BAL HCaHOy9q) + NaySOsuq > + SOxp + B. 9.A, NaHCOs) + HCgy => e TOA, HCHO.) + KOHyy = B. c. TL AL (NHQ:Sqy + LOH ay => + B. c Chemical Equations page 11Worksheet #8 COMBUSTION REACTIONS In the presence of excess oxygen, most hydrocarbons can undergo complete combustion redox reactions to form earbon dioxide and water. Because such combustion reactions release large amounts of heat, many hydrocarbons are used as fuels. Identify as ‘many of these common hydrocarbons and their derivatives as you can, Which of them have you used for heat or light? 1 Ch +O > 2 Gi + > 3. CHOH +0, > 4. CHO, + 0; > 5 Gly +O > 6 Gi + 0, => 7 Gilk + 0, 8 Hy = 9. +0, 10, CHLOH +O > Chemical Equations page 12WORKSHEET #9 - AP CHEMISTRY Reaction Predictions 1. A solution of sodium iodide is added to a solution of lead (II) acetate. 2, Pure solid white phosphorus is bumed in air. Solid cesium oxide is added to water. 4, Excess concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to a 1.0 M solution of cobalt (II) chloride. 5, Solid sodium hydrogen carbonate is strongly heated. 6. An excess of hydrochloric acid is added to solid zine sulfide. 7. A solution of potassium hydroxide is added to solid ammonium chloride. 8, Solid zine carbonate is added to 1.0 M sulfuric acid, 9._ A solution of hydrogen peroxide is exposed to strong sunlight. 10, Magnesium ribbon is burned in oxygen. 11. A solution of nickel (11) chloride is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide, forming a precipitate, 12, Propane is burned in excess oxygen. 13. A sample of solid iron (III) oxide is reduced completely with solid carbon, 14, A solution containing silver ion (an oxidizing agent) is mixed with a solution containing iron (II) ion (a reducing agent) 15, Sulfur trioxide gas is bubbled into a glass of water, Chemical Equations page 13