PlaayandLearn

Math
hsw
withrodss
40exerciseetabsstop
playw
withparentts

M
MaraAlonsoGarcca
JossMdeeCuencadelaCrruz

2013
3

Mathswithrrods

oduction
Intro
This bookbeginsacollectio
onthatisintendedtoheelpthosechildrenwhoe
enjoyworkinng"alittle more"athom
m
me,
entheycomp
pletetheirscchooldayorrtheyhaveaaholiday.It isessentialttousethisssharedtime nicelyforth
hem
whe
and forus,theirrparents.Th
heenjoymen
ntoftheacttivitiesisessentialforch
hildrentodeevelopalove
eoflearningg.If
you do this at eearly stage of
o his life, you
y will increease the efffort they to be able to apply it in the
t future, and
a
therreforetheym
mayreachtheirfullintelllectualdeveelopment.
With
htheactivitiiesofthisfirrstissuewilllfacilitatethhedevelopm
mentoftheb
basicmathsskillsatstarttofthescho
ool,
betw
weenthemo
onthsofOctoberandNo
ovember.Thheyarebasedontheuse
eofrods,so
owe'llhavettogetholdo
ofa
gam
metomakeu
ustheexercisses.Therodsareasuita blemeansfo
orourpurpo
osesbecauseetheyareha
alfwaybetweeen
atoyyandatoolforwork.
Teacchingmathematicsusinggcolorfulstrripswasexpposedin1952byGeorge
esCuisenairee(18911976
6),ateacherrof
Belggianprimary school,inhiisbook"Thenumbersoffcolors"Itsu
usewasdeve
elopedandppopularizedbytheegypttian
Cale
eb Gattegno (19111988
8), which applied this evven languagge teaching. In the systeem, there are
a 10 stripss of
squaaresectiono
of1x1cm,wiithlengthsra
angingfrom 1cmto10ccmaccording
gtoacolorccode:
Thro
ough play with the rodss the child will
w
beco
omes familiaar with the numbers firrst
and then with
h what th
hey represe
ent
(lenggths, areass, volumess), while he
unde
erstand the way off the bassic
operrations.
The tabs of thiss book are to induce the
me,throughw
whichthech
hildinadditio
on
gam
toco
olorcodein rodssystem
m,willlearn to
consstruct num
merical se
eries easily,
mea
asurements, decompose numbers,
calcu
ulatingsumssanddiffere
ences.Hemay
also be initiatted at mo
ore advance
ed
operrations such
h as multiplication an
nd
divission calculaation, meaasurement of
areaas and volum
mes, sharingg amounts, or
even
ngettoguessstheprimeenumbersand
theP
Pythagorean
ntheorem.
It is therefore important you
y
do not to
leaveyourchildaloneinfron
ntoftheboo
ok,
but youaccomp
pany with himan attitud
de
of play
p
across the problemss posed in the
bookk and usingg the time spent
s
to solve
our own questio
ons on the reasons
r
for its
behaavior, and w
we encouragge you to try
t
alterrnative m
methods or addition
nal
operrationstoth
hoseproposeedineachtab
whe
enithavecompleteditsuccessfully.Or
even
nletsbehe whopropossesthemto us.Thus,in additiontoffacilitatelearningasifittwereagam
me,wecanaalso
unde
erstandhow
wachild'smiindworksan
ndthestrateegieshepreffertousetosolvediffereentproblem
ms.Thiswillh
help
usto
oknowourssonandacco
ompanyhimnewchallen gesofdevelopment.
But toassociateeenjoyment withlearnin
ng,itisinterrestingtoreccordonthe child'sperceeptionofthisactivity,evven
mofstudy.TTohelpthis,h
hehastofill eachtab.assatschool.
playing,isaform
Thiswo
orkissubjecttotheAtttributionShareAlike4.0
0LicenseCreativeCom
mmonsInternational.TToviewacopyofthislicense,visithttp://crea
ativecommons.org/liceenses/bysa/4.0/deed.es_ES
TranslattionfromtheoriginalSSpanish

ii


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Writeintothebox,asintheexample,thenumbercorrespondingtoeachrodbycolor


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Series:constructthefollowingserieswiththerods,andwriteitsnumberunderthefigures,asintheexample

12121212

12345

123123

246

1357

248


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Writetheresultofthesums,andyouwillcanseewhichitformsaseries
1+1=________

2+1=_________

3+1=_________

4+1=_________

5+1=_________

6+1=_________

7+1=_________


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Writedoubleeachrodandpaintingtheresultwithitscolor,asintheexample

1+1=__2______

2+2=_________

3+3=_________

4+4=_________

5+5=_________

6+6=_________


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Expressesthefollowinglengthsrodsintwodifferentways,andpaintwithitscolorsthesolutions

10


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Expressesthefollowinglengthsrodswithindifferentwaysandpaintwithitscolorsthesolutions

12

17

11

14

15


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Measurethelengthofthegraypathindicatedineachfigurewiththeminimumnumberofrods

L=_______

L=_______

L=_______


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Makeatrainofrodssimilartoeachfigureanddetermineitslength

L=_______

L=_______

L=_______

L=_______


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Addtogether

2+1=_____

3+2=_____

2+2=_____

4+1=_____

4+2=_____

3+5=_____

5+2=_____

4+3=_____


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Addtogether

7+1=_____

8+2=_____

7+3=_____

4+4=_____

4+5=_____

3+6=_____

2+7=_____

8+1=_____

10


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

CommutativeProperty:measurethepathlengthineachfigureoftheseveralproposedforms.Youwillfindittobe
equal:writeeachsolutionandthetotal.

L=______________________=________

L=____________________________________________=_________

11


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

CommutativeProperty:writingbackwards

1+2=_____

2+3=_____

3+4=_____

5+2=_____

6+3=_____

12


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Decomposethenumber10intwoterms,ofallpossibleforms

10

5+5=_____

6+4=_____

7+3=_____

8+2=_____

9+1=_____

13


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Addtogether

4+5=_____

3+4=_____

2+6=_____

5+1=_____

1+2+3=_____

3+3+3=_____

3+2+2=_____

4+4+4=_____

14


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

CommutativeProperty:writeintwodifferentways

1+2+1=______________________

2+3+2=______________________

3+4+3=_____________________

15


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Decomposethenumber12intwoterms,ofallpossibleways

12

5+7=_____

6+6=_____

10+2=_____

8+4=_____

9+3=_____

16


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Addtogether

4+4+1=_____

3+1+2=_____

2+2+3=_____

2+2+1=_____

1+2+4=_____

4+3+2=_____

2+3+2=_____

3+3+2=_____

17


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Calculatethelengthofthegraypaththatitsindicatedineachfigure

L=_______

L=_______

L=_______

18


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Decomposethenumberusingtwoorthreeaddends,ofallpossibleforms

2+1=_____

1+1+1=_____

3+3=_____

4+2=_____

5+1=_____

2+2+2=_____

19


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Decomposethenumberusingthreesummands,ofallpossibleforms

2+1+1=_____

3+3+2=_____

4+2+2=_____

5+1+2=_____

6+1+1=_____

20


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Removetotheuppersrodvalue,thesecondrodvalue(inthedownline):theremainsissubtraction.Makethe
subtractionwiththerodsandwriteasintheexample.
Example:

32=1

21


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Subtract,completingthemissinglengthwitharod,andwritetheresult

32=_____

31=_____

43=_____

52=_____

63=_____

22


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Addseveraltimestomultiplying

1+1=1addtwice=1x2=_____

2+2=2addtwice=2x2_____

2+2+2=2addthreetimes=2x3=_____

2+2+2+2=2addfourtimes=2x4=_____

3+3=3addtwice=3x2=_____

3+3+3=3addthreetimes=3x3=_____

1+1+1=1addthreetimes=1x3=_____

23


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Multiply....itismadefigures!Theresultisthesurfaceofthosefigures.Youtryitusingthe2rod.

2x1=_____

2x2=_____

2x3=_____

2x4=_____

2x5=_____

24


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Multiply....itismadefigures!Theresultisthesurfaceofthosefigures.Youtryitusingthe3rod.

3x1=_____

3x2=_____

3x3=_____

3x4=_____

25


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Areas:formingtheproposedsquares,andmakeittoowithadifferentform,paintingyoursolution.

L=2

L=3

L=4

26


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Areas:Makesquares(theyarefigureswithfourequalsides)usingrods.Thesurfaceisthesumofallrodsusedin
onesquare.Writethesurface(sumofrods).

Side=1,Surface=____

Side=2,Surface=____

Side=3,Surface=____

Side=4,Surface=____

Side=5,Surface=____

27


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Areas:calculatetheareaofarectangle(likeasquare"extended"becauseithasfoursidesequalinpairs),withthe
dimensionsindicatedbythenumbers,joiningtherodsyouneedtoformthefigures:

2x1=____

3x2=____

2x3=____

3x4=____

5x2=____

4x2=____

28


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Calculatethesurfacesoftheseirregularfigures(becausethesidesarenotequal).Youcanplacerodstoformthem
andaddupitsvalues.Youcanalsocheckthesolutionbycountingsquarescontaining.

Surface=__________

Surface=__________

Surface=___________

Surface=___________

29


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Areas:decomposingthesesurfacesasthesumoftheothertworodsindicated.
Example:

5x2=3x2+2x2

5x3=3x3+2x3

3x4=3x2+2x3

6x2=2x2+2x2+2x2

6x2=3x2+3x2

30


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________
Cutoutthefollowingfigures.Youwillneeditinthenexttabs

31


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Calculatetheareaoftherectangle.Ifwedividedinhalftwosquares,howmeasuretheareaofeachsquare?You
canhelpthecutoutsforchecking,furtherwiththerods.

Rectangle=4x2=________

1Square=2x2=________

Rectangle=6x3=________

1Square=3x3=________

Rectangle=8x4=________

1Square=4x4=________

32


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Calculatetheareaofthesquare.Ifitsplitsinhalfintwoequalrighttriangles,howmeasuretheareaofeach
triangle?(Thetwotogethermustbeequaltothesurfaceofthesquare)Youcanhelpofthecutoutstocheck,in
additiontotherods,squaresandsquareorbycounting(includedtheyaredividedbythediagonalline).

Square=4x4=__________

Triangle=Square/2=________

Square=6x6=__________

Triangle=Square/2=________

33


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Constructtherighttriangleandcalculatethelengthofthemissingsideinthefigure(itslength).Youcanhelpthe
cutoutstocheck,orbyseekingtherodtoclosethetriangle.

L=__________

Solution

34


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________
Findingprimenumbers:coloredwiththesamecolorinthefirstrod(thefirstineachquestion),thePletterwhen
thesenumbercanonlybedecomposedinto1rods(itisaprimenumber),whitoutanyintermediate
decompositions.
2

35


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________
Findingprimenumbers:coloredwiththesamecolorinthefirstrod(ineachquestion),thePletterwhenthese
numbercanonlybedecomposedinto1rods(itisaprimenumber),whitoutanyintermediatedecompositions.
7

10

36


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Imaginethatthefirstrodofeachaccountisthenumberofsweetswehave,andmustbedistributedbetweentwo
children.Usetherodstodividebytwo(half)andwritetheresult:

2/2=_____

4/2=_____

6/2=_____

8/2=_____

10/2=_____

37

Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Divideeachnumberindicatingthefirstrod(dividend)betweenthedivisor(thesecondrodnumber)andwritethe
result(theresultisthenumberofsecondrodsyouneed).

3/3=_____

3/1=_____

6/2=_____

6/3=_____

6/1=_____

38


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Divideeachamountofthedividendbetweenthequotient,writingtheresult(numberofequalrodsthatyouhadto
use)andtherest(valueofthelastrodthatyouhadtoaddtothequotienttocompletethedividend).

Example:

6/5=__1___Remainder:__1___

Dividend

Divisor

Remainder

6/2=______Remainder:______

Dividend

Divisor

Remainder

7/3=_____Remainder:______

Dividend

Divisor

Remainder

8/3=_____Remainder:______

Dividend

Divisor

Remainder

39


Name:_______________________________________________________Date:_________________________

Volumes:

Build,bystackingwhite,yellowandgreenrods,thefollowing3Dfigures(withvolume),byusingonlyonetypeof
rodsforeachfigure.

18

27

40