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The DSM-5 added a new category of disorders called ObsessiveCompulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs) (also called ObsessiveCompulsive Spectrum Disorders in the research literature).
The OCRDs category includes the familiar obsessive-compulsive
disorder. It also includes two newly defined disorders with obsessivecompulsive features.
These are hoarding disorder and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder.
Also included in the new OCRD category are body dysmorphic
disorder (previously classified as a Somatoform Disorder) and
trichotillomania (hair-pulling, previously classified as an Impulse
Control Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified).
ANXIETY DISORDERS
panic disorder
phobias
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Generalized Anxiety
Disorder
Panic Disorder
Panic Disorder
Phobia
Phobias
Just the As.
Ablutophobia- fear of washing or bathing.
Acousticophobia- fear of noise.
Alektorophobia- fear of chickens.
Alliumphobia- fear of garlic.
Allodoxaphobia- fear of opinions.
Amathophobia- fear of dust.
Ambulophobia- fear of walking.
Anthrophobia or Anthophobia- fear of flowers.
Anuptaphobia- fear of staying single.
Arachibutyrophobia- fear of peanut butter sticking to
the roof of the mouth.
Arithmophobia- fear of numbers.
Obsessive-Compulsive Di
sorder
An
unwanted
repetitive thoughts
(obsessions)
and/or
actions (compulsions)
% Reporting
Symptom
40%
24
17
85
51
46
Howard Hughes, a
billionaire, developed
obsessive-compulsive
disorder. He was afraid of
germs, and so avoided
contact with possible
sources of dirt (including
other people) and
constantly washed his
hands.
He was obsessed with the
size of peas, and used a
special fork to sort them by
size. Also, he compulsively
said the same phrases over
and over again.
Explaining Anxiety
Disorders
Learning
Biological
conditioning:
General
In
58%
For
PTSD Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
PTSD
Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
Symptoms include:
Haunting
memories (flashbacks)
Nightmares
Social withdrawal
Jumpy anxiety
Insomnia
Suffered by about 15% of war veterans (higher
among those who experienced heavy combat),
50% of people kidnapped, tortured, or raped, and
4% of people who experienced a natural disaster
Some psychologists believe that PTSD is
overdiagnosed, and most people are quite
resilient to traumatic experiences
Reinforcement:
Observational learning:
Selection:
Identical
Physiology:
MOOD DISORDERS
Mood Disorders
In fact:
Mood Disorders
-weight gain/loss
-inability to sleep or too much sleep
-thoughts of death/suicide
for no apparent reason.
(Dysthymic Disorder)
Persistent Depressive
Disorder:
Most
Stressful
With
Disorder
teens)
Most people feel slightly better during the summer (when the sun is out
most of the day) than during the winter (when there are fewer hours of
sunlight). People with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) feel good in the
summer and seriously depressed in the winter (or good in the winter and
depressed in the summer). Seasonal affective disorder is commonest in far
northern locations such as Scandinavia, where the summer days are very
long and bright and the winter days are very short and dark. The disorder is
unheard-of in tropical locations such as Hawaii, where the amount of
sunlight per day varies only slightly between summer and winter.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar
in about 1% of the
population
afflicts
Explaining Mood
Disorders
influences:
brain
norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter
that increases arousal and boosts
mood) is overabundant during mania
and scarce during depression
serotonin is scarce during depression
repetitive physical exercise
reduces depression
(it increases serotonin)
PET
Depressed state
Manic state
Depressed state
Explaining Mood
Disorders
Biological
Depressed brain
Perspective
neurological
signs of depression
many
left
MRI
hippocampus
Social-Cognitive
Around The World
Depressions Vicious
Cycle
Dude,
where
are
your
pink
A recipe for severe depression is
glasses?
preexisting pessimism
Depressions Vicious
Cycle
Dude,
where are your pink
Brooding can be adaptive gain insights
during the times of depressed inactivity can
glasses?
later lead to more effective strategies for
interacting with the world.
Depression: Women vs
Men
Depressions Vicious
Cycle
Dude, where are your pink
When bad things happen, those
glasses?
who are pessimistic are more at
risk for depression.
Depressions Vicious
Cycle
Dude,
where are your pink
Lauren Alloy and her collaborators monitored
glasses?
Temple University and University of Wisconsin
Depressions Vicious
Cycle
1. Stressful
Experiences
(Divorce, job loss,
etc)
4. Cognitive
and
Behavioral
Changes
(Hopeless
Attitude,
Fatigue)
2. Negative
Explanatory
Style
(Pessimism,
self-blaming)
3. Depressed
Mood