Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Outline of Presentation
Cell Phones Bane or Boon
Microwave Heating Principle
Cell Phone SAR
Radiation Pattern of Cell tower antenna
International Radiation Norms
Implementation of safe radiation norms
Conclusion
Electromagnetic Radiations
Radiation emitted from Cell Phones, Cell
phone towers, Wi-Fi, TV and FM towers,
microwave ovens, etc. are called
Electromagnetic radiations (EMR).
India:
Population - 1.15 billion
Mobile Towers - 4.5 lakhs
to meet communication
demand.
Mobile subscriber base 70crores. Growing at 2
crores/month.
Outside to inside
heating
Skin heating
Sweating happens
Inside to outside
heating
Internal heating
Heat trapped
Four cancer cases in 3 consecutive floors (6th, 7th and 8th) directly
facing and at similar height as the mobile phone towers of four
telecom companies placed on the roof of opposite building.
Pt Gt
Pd =
2
2
Watt/m
4R
Pd
(W/m2)
1194.0
126.0
47.7
11.94
0.477
0.1194
0.00477
Pd
(W/m2)
1194,000,000
126,000,000
47,700,000
11,940,000
477,000
119,400
4,770
ICNIRP guidelines
India adopts ICNIRP guideline for Power density (Pd)
= Frequency /200, frequency is in MHz
For GSM900 (935-960 MHz),
Pd = 4.7W/m2 and
GSM1800 (1810-1880 MHz), Pd = 9.2W/m2.
ICNIRP has considered only thermal effects of radiation
and has given following disclosure:
ICNIRP is only intended to protect the public against
short term gross heating effects and NOT against
'biological' effects such as cancer and genetic damage
from long term low level microwave exposure from
mobile phones, masts and many other wireless devices.
http://ww.icnirp.de/documents/emfgdl.pdf
34"
Area = 1.43 m
ICNIRP Guideline
X At 940 MHz, Power
density (Pd) is
4.7W/m
Pt Gt Area
Pr =
= Pt Gt Gr
2
4R
4R
50m
Measured Power
-20 to -30 dBm
(in dBm)
for each frequency bands
100m
-30 to -50 dBm
Reading in
dBm
0
-4
-6
-10
-10
-12
-12
-14
-14
-16
-18
-20
-22
-22
-26
-28
-34
-46
Readings in
W/m2
0.121
0.0481
0.0304
0.012
0.012
0.00763
0.00763
0.00481
0.00481
0.00304
0.00192
0.00121
0.000763
0.000763
0.000304
0.000192
0.0000481
0.00000304
Readings in
microW/m2
121000
48100
30400
12000
12000
7630
7630
4810
4810
3040
1920
1210
763
763
304
192
48.1
3.04
-6
-4
-6
-10
-10
-8
-4
-6
-6
-6
-6
-12
-30
-24
-12
-14
-18
Entrance
Once
Multiple Times
Effect on Environment
Have you ever seen any bird near cell towers?
Conclusions
Only thermal effects show high radiation hazard.
In addition to continuous radiation from cell
towers and cell phones, there is radiation from
computers, laptops, TV &FM towers, microwave
ovens, Wi-Fi, etc., which are additive in nature.
Stricter radiation norms must be enforced in India.
Mobile companies should not be in the denial
mode and accept that radiation causes serious
health problems. People around the world will carry
out research to come out with solutions.
Thank you