Radio Link Failure-PA2

Section 8
Radio Link Failure Analysis
Section Objectives
Describe Radio Link Failure (RLF) Procedures.

Explain how to Analyze RLF Logs
Describe RLF Case Studies
Describe KPI Impact due to RLF
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RLF Procedures Overview
Radio Link Failure (RLF) Overview

During LTE active data session, RRC is in
RRC_CONNECTED State
In RRC_CONNECTED State, UE can declare RLF
under various conditions
To Restore the RRC Connection, UE Initiates RLF
Recovery procedure
What is RLF and Recovery?

A UE in RRC Connected Mode has already established
- Signaling Radio Bearers (i.e SRB1, SRB2) ,
- Default Radio Bearers (i.e DRBs)
- Security Context is activated.
When a UE in RRC Connected Mode declares RLF, RRC Shall:
- Stop all running timers except T320
- Reset Radio Resources for all RBs
- Release MAC,RLC,PDCP,PHY Configurations in order to Suspend all
SRBs and DRBs
- Security Context is still active
UE initiates RLF Recovery to resume SRB1 and network configures
SRB2 & DRBs.
RLF Scenarios
1.DL Physical Layer Failure
2.RRC Connection
Re-configuration failure
(PDCCH BLER > 10%)
3.Handover Failure (HO

Target Cell Acquisition
Failure)
Radio Link
Failure
4.Hndover Failure (T304

expiry- RACH Failure)
5.RLC Unrecoverable
Error
6.PDCP Integrity check

failure
7.MAC RACH Problem

detection
1.RLF: Downlink Physical Layer Failure

18
Out-of-Sync indicatio
16
PDCCH /PHICH BLER > 10%
T310 started
BLER (%)
14
Qout
Qin
PDCCH BLER (%)
RLF declared
12
10
N310: n5
X
N311: n1
T310: 2000 ms
DRX Cycle: 8
radio frames
2
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
(ms)
linkTime
quality
14000
16000
18000
20000
UE estimates Downlink radio

in terms of PDCCH BLER % to
detect Physical Layer Failure
RLF is declared after:
N310 Out-of-Sync indications (PDCCH BLER > Qout) and the
*
7
The
subsequent
expiry of T310 (in the absence of N311 In-Sync
Additional
fields
not shown
indicators)
Downlink Physical Layer Failure - Recovery

18
Out-of-Sync indication
16
In-Sync indication
PDCCH BLER > 10%
T310 started
14
T310 stopped (recovery)
Qout
Qin
PDCCH BLER (%)
BLER (%)
12
10
N310: n5
N311: n1
T310: 2000 ms
DRX Cycle: 8
radio frames
2
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Time (ms)
14000
16000
18000
20000
UE estimates Downlink radio link quality in terms of PDCCH BLER % to

detect Physical Layer Failure
N310 Out-of-Sync indications (PDCCH BLER > Qout) starts T310
T310 stopped due to reception of N311 In-Sync indicators (PDCCH
BLER < Qin )
8
RLF not declaredQualcomm Proprietary & Confidential
2.RLF : RRC Connection Re-configuration

Failure
UE
eNodeB
RRC Connection Reconfig

Validation of RRC
Connection
Reconfiguration Failure
RLF
UE Evaluates all parameters of the RRC Connection

Reconfiguration message
9
3.RLF : Handover Failure

UE
Measurement Report
Source
eNB
Target
eNB
Handover Request
Perform Target eNodeB
Frequency Acquisition and
Physical Cell ID Specified
But Encounters Failure
Handover Request Ack

SN Status Transfer
RLF
RRC Connection Reconfiguration specifies Target eNodeB C-RNTI,
Radio Resource info, Dedicated RACH Info, SecurityConfigHO etc.
10
4.RLF : Handover Failure (T304 ExpiryRACH Failure)

UE
Measurement Report
Source
eNB
Target
eNB
Handover Request
T304
Begins
Perform Target eNodeB
Frequency Acquisition and
Physical Cell ID Specified
Handover Request Ack

SN Status Transfer
MIB and SIB Overhead Messages

RACH Failure &
T304 Expiry
RLF
11
Handover Failure T304 Expiry

Handover Requested
Acquisition
Successful,
RACH started
RLF declared
RACH preamble transmissions
Preamble Trans
Max: 4
T304
UE declares RLF following failure to successfully

complete the handover within T304
12
5.RLF : RLC Retransmission Error

eNB
UE
X
X
1st PDU
transmission
PDU retransmissions
RLF is
declared
Max Re-Tx
Threshold: 6
X
X
X
X
X
RLF
Failure to send a specific RLC PDU after attempting Max

Retransmissions causes RLF.
13
6.RLF : PDCP Integrity Check Failure

RRC
PDCP
Signaling Integrity
protection
Failure
Integrity Protection Failure
RLF
All Signaling Messages are both Ciphering and Integrity protected

*
14
Additional fields not shown

7.RLF : MAC RACH Problem Detection
(Connected Mode: UL Time Alignment Timer expired or RACH Failure)

UE in Connected
state
eNB stops
grants
Random Access is
started
Random Access
Data (bytes)
New UL
Data
RLF is declared
Preamble
Trans Max: 6
RA-Response
Size: sf3 (3 ms)
30
60
90
X
RLF
(preamble sent
again after (3+3)ms
if no response or
backoff)
Time (ms)
Failure to RACH [when UL/DL data arrives] in Connected state

causes RLF.
15
RLF Recovery Procedure (1 of 2)

UE starts T311 Timer and initiates Cell Selection
Procedure
After Successful Cell Selection Procedure (successful
MIB decoding), UE stops T311 Timer and reads SIBs
from PDSCH
UE Initiates T301 Timer & RRC Re-establishment
procedures and RRC Configures lower layers to
activate SRB1
SRB2 and DRBs are configured upon receiving RRC
Connection Re-configuration message from E-UTRAN
after RLF Recovery
16
RLF Recovery Procedure (2 of 2)

RLF Declared, Cell Reselection
started
Cell Reselection
successful
Re-establishment successful
Reselection and Connection Reestablishment procedures are used to

recover from RLF
Transition to RRC IDLE

state
T301
Connection Reestablishment
T311
SRB1
resumes
SRB2 & DRB

resumes
Cell Reselection
If AS Security has been activated prior to RLF, UE remains in the

RRC Connected state
Suspends SRB1; releases SRB2 and DRBs
Trigger recovery procedures
If AS Security has not been activated, UE transitions to RRC Idle
state
17
RLF Recovery Call flow

eNB
UE
RLF
Suspend SRB1 & Release
SRB2,DRBs & initiate
Cell Selection Process
RRC Connection Re-establishment Request msg
Resume
SRB1
Resume
SRB2 & DRB
RRC Connection Re-establishment

RRC Connection Re-establishment Complete
RRC Connection Re-Configuration
RRC Connection Re-Configuration Complete
18
RLF Log Analysis
19
Various Events (1 of 2)
EVENT_LTE_RRC_RADIO_LINK_FAILURE
This Counter indicates how many times UE declared RLF since power-up.
EVENT_LTE_RRC_TIMER_STATUS
Timer Value indicates the remaining amount of time.
EVENT_LTE_RRC_NEW_CELL_IND
Cause indicates Cell Selection, Re Selection or Handover
20
Various Events (2 of 2)
EVENT_LTE_RACH_ACCESS_START
RACH Cause indicates what caused the UE to start RACH Procedure
EVENT_LTE_RACH_ACCESS_RESULT
RACH Result indicates whether RACH is aborted, successful or has problem
EVENT_LTE_MAC_TIMER
Timer Type indicates whether it is Timing Advance (TA), Random Access
(RA), Contention Timer or RACH Back off Timer
21
LTE ML1 Initial Acquisition Results (0xB176)

This log packet provides information about each
initial acquisition attempt. It is sent whenever RRC
requests initial acquisition.
22
LTE ML1 Random Access Request (0xB167)

Random Access Request (MSG1) transmission is
used by UE to transmit PRACH Preamble and UE
uses RA RNTI Identifier
23
LTE ML1 Random Access Response (0xB168)

Random Access Response (MSG 2) Report
transmitted on DL-SCH carries UE Uplink Timing
Advance, RNTI Type and its value, PUSCH Resources
for MSG3 Transmission.
24
LTE ML1 UE Identification Message (0xB169)

UE Identification Message (MSG 3) carries the UE
Identifier and is transmitted using PUSCH
Resources in MSG2 .
25
LTE ML1 Contention Resolution Msg (0xB16A)

Contention Resolution Message (MSG 4) resolves
the contention due to multiple UEs trying to access
the system using the same Random Access
Resource.
26
RRC Connection Re-establishment Request

(0xB0C0)
RRC Connection Re-establishment Request is sent by
the UE to initiate RRC Connection Re-establishment.
27
RRC Connection Re-establishment

Response (0xB0C0)
RRC Connection Re-establishment Response is sent
by the eNodeB to establish SRB1.
28
RRC Connection Re-establishment Complete

(0xB0C0)
UE sends RRC Connection Re-establishment Complete
message after successful SRB1 Configuration .
29
RRC Connection Re-configuration (0xB0C0)

Network sends
RRC Connection
Re-configuration
including SRB2
Resources .
30
RRC Connection Re-configuration Complete

(0xB0C0)
After Successful SRB2 Configuration, UE sends RRC
Connection Re-configuration Message .
31
LTE RLC UL AM ALL PDU (0xB092)

This Packet is used for logging all control and data
AM PDUs for SRB as well as DRB sent on UL
32
33
34
RLF Case Studies
35
RLF Recovery (1 of 3)
1. UE Received RRC Connection Reconfiguration (0xB0C0) @ 00:00:30:789
UE is configured with UL MAC and PHY Layers
2. UE Declared RLF (01608) @ 00:00:30:791 due to RRC Connection
Reconfiguration Validation Failure (Reason not captured in RLF Event)
3. UE Initiated RLF Recovery and successfully acquired Cell Id 397 (0xB176)
@ 00:00:30:886
4. UE Sent RRC Connection Reestablishment Request (0xB0C0) @
00:00:00:955
5. eNodeB Responded with RRC Connection Reestablishment message
including SRB1 Configuration (0xB0C0) @ 00:00:31:045
36
6. After Successful SRB1 Configuration, UE sends RRC
ConnectionReestablishmentComplete (0xB0C0) @ 00:00:31:051
7. eNodeB Configures SRB2 and DRB through RRC Connection
Reconfiguration (0xB0C0) @ 00:00:31:133
8. After Successful Reconfiguration of SRB2 and DRB, UE sends RRC
Connection Reconfiguration Complete Message (0xB0C0) @ 00:00:31:137
37
HTML_Format_RLF_Recovery_Procedure
38
RLF : RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Failure (1 of 4)
1. UE Received RRC Connection Reconfiguration (0xB0C0) @ 02:32:13:360
UE is configured with UL MAC and PHY Layers
2. UE Declared RLF (01608) @ 02:32:13:363
39
RLF : RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Failure (2 of 4)
Parameters
40
RLF: RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Failure (3 of 4)
41
RLF: RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Failure (4 of 4)
HTML_Format_RLF_RRC_Connection_Reconfiguration_Failure
42
RLF: RACH Problem (1 of 3)

1. UE Received SIB2 Message with PRACH Configuration (0xB0C0) @
06:00:23:610
PreambleTransMax = n6
2. UE UL Data arrival triggered contention based RACH Procedure .
Look for EVENT_LTE_RACH_ACCESS_START @ 06:00:38:730
3. UE sent 6 PRACH Max Preambles @ 06:00:38:707/716/722/730/738/762
4. UE MAC Layer Random Access Timer expired (EVENT_LTE_MAC_TIMER) @
06:00:38:730/745
5. EVENT_LTE_RACH_ACCESS_RESULT Indicated RACH has problem @
06:00:38:745
6. EVENT_LTE_RRC_RADIO_LINK_FAILURE declared @ 06:00:38:745
43
44
45
HTML_Format_RLF_RACH_Problem
46
RLF: Handoff Failure and SIB Read

Failure (1 of 5)
1. UE Received RRC Connection Reconfiguration Message from Source Cell
ID = 397 including MobilityControlInfo (0xB0C0) @ 06:59:38:212
TargetPhysCellID = 116
2. From LTE LL1 SSS Results, it is observed that UE failed to Acquire Cell
ID=116 @ 06:59:38:228
3. UE Started T304 =500ms Timer EVENT_LTE_RRC_TIMER_STATUS
@06:59:38:232
4. UE Stopped T304 at 462ms , EVENT_LTE_RRC_TIMER_STATUS@
06:59:38:232
5. EVENT_LTE_HO_FAILURE is declared by UE and RLF @ 06:59:38:232
47
RLF: Handoff Failure & SIB Read Failure (2 of 5)

6. UE Declared 1ST RLF, EVENT_LTE_RRC_RADIO_LINK_FAILURE @
06:59:38:232
7.UE Attempted RLF Recovery and RRC Connection Reestablishment
Request @ 06:59:38:626
RLF Recovery Tried on Target PhysCellID = 116
8. From LTE LL1 SSS Results, it is observed that UE failed to Acquire Cell
ID=116 @ 06:59:38:228
9. UE Failed to read the SIB Information on Cell ID = 116 ,
EVENET_LTE_RRC_SIB_READ_FAILURE @06:59:39:771
10. UE Declared 2nd RLF, EVENT_LTE_RRC_RADIO_LINK_FAILURE @
06:59:39:771
48
RLF: Handoff Failure (3 of 5)
49
50
51
RLF: SIB Read Failure during RLF

Recovery
52
RLF: Handoff Failure and SIB Read Failure
HTML_Format_RLF_Handoff_Failure_&_SIB_Read_Failure
53
RLF: Max RLC Retransmission Failure (1 of 5)

1. UE Received SRB2 and DRB1 Configuration through RRC Connection
Reconfiguration Message @ 08:00:11:280
For DRB Uplink RLC, maxRetxThreshold = t8
2. During Uplink Data Transfer, RLC PDU Sequence Number (SN) 973 is
transmitted @ 08:01:11:826
3. The same SN is Retransmitted 8 times based on maxRetxThreshold
configuration . RLC Retransmission is done to recover the UL Data
Transmission Failures. (LTE RLC UL AM ALL PDU)
4. Retransmission Time Stamps: 08:01:11:847/873/895/921/945/972,
08:01:12:017/045
5. UE declared RLF LTE_RRC_RADIO_LINK_FAILURE @ 08:01:12:061
54
RLF: Max RLC Retransmission Error
55
56
HTML_Format_RLF_Max_RLC_Retransmission_Error
57
KPI Impact
58
PDSCH Throughput Impact due to RLF
59
Low RSRP when RLF Happened
60
Low SINR when RLF Happened
61
What did we learn?
What is Radio Link Failure (RLF) and its Recovery

Procedure.
Analysis of RLF Logs
RLF Case Studies
KPI Impact due to RLF
62
Test Plan aspects and performance metrics
63

Radio Link Failure-PA2

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Section 8

Radio Link Failure Analysis

Describe Radio Link Failure (RLF) Procedures.

Qualcomm Proprietary & Confidential

MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION

RLF Procedures Overview

Qualcomm Proprietary & Confidential

MAY CONTAIN U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION

Radio Link Failure (RLF) Overview

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What is RLF and Recovery?

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(PDCCH BLER > 10%)

3.Handover Failure (HO

4.Hndover Failure (T304

6.PDCP Integrity check

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7.MAC RACH Problem

1.RLF: Downlink Physical Layer Failure

PDCCH /PHICH BLER > 10%

UE estimates Downlink radio

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Downlink Physical Layer Failure - Recovery

PDCCH BLER > 10%

T310 stopped (recovery)

UE estimates Downlink radio link quality in terms of PDCCH BLER % to

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2.RLF : RRC Connection Re-configuration

RRC Connection Reconfig

UE Evaluates all parameters of the RRC Connection

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3.RLF : Handover Failure

Handover Request Ack

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4.RLF : Handover Failure (T304 ExpiryRACH Failure)

Handover Request Ack

MIB and SIB Overhead Messages

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Handover Failure T304 Expiry

RACH preamble transmissions

UE declares RLF following failure to successfully

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5.RLF : RLC Retransmission Error

Failure to send a specific RLC PDU after attempting Max

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6.RLF : PDCP Integrity Check Failure

All Signaling Messages are both Ciphering and Integrity protected

Additional fields not shown

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7.RLF : MAC RACH Problem Detection

(Connected Mode: UL Time Alignment Timer expired or RACH Failure)

Failure to RACH [when UL/DL data arrives] in Connected state

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RLF Recovery Procedure (1 of 2)