APA reference

Arendt, L. (2007). Job burnout can be infectious. Corporate

Report Wisconsin, 22(7), 10. Retrieved from ProQuest
Newsstand.

Summary

This article touches on aspects of burnout and how it can be

infectious to an organization. Based on a study published on
October of 2006 in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, workers who had generally higher levels of job strain
were at an increased risk of burnout. The article explores the
relationship between one individual experiencing burnout
symptoms and the domino effect it can cause amongst other
employees.
-Researchers at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
conducted a study on job strain, using a sample of 3,270
Finnish workers. 28% of workers fit the definition of
burnout; high job strain was present in 23% of the workers.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

-Someone under high job strain or burnout can affect elements in

the workplace such as: safety of employees around them,
overall productivity, even customers satisfaction.
-"The problem with job burnout is that it can be infectious," said
Susan K. Borowski, associate editor-human resources at
J.J. Keller and Associates Inc. in Neenah. "It can spread to
others - not just in the department but in the organization as
a whole."

APA reference

Summary

Beheshtifar, M., & Omidvar, A. (2013). Causes to create job

burnout in organizations. International Journal of
Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(6),
107-113.
This article talks about the negative effects of burnout on the
employee and the company. The authors point out the it is
important to recognize and resolve this issue to continue job
satisfaction. This source will be helpful in our project when we
mention what a work burnout is and how to treat it this
psychological condition. This article also mentions what causes
work burnout and thats an important thing for our research, to
learn about what causes it in the first place before fixing it.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

--The concept of burnout was suggested by Herbert Freudenberger

who was working as a psychoanalyst in a clinic in New York.

APA reference

Bretland, R. J., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2015). Reducing

workplace burnout: the relative benefits of cardiovascular
and resistance exercise. PeerJ, 3, e891.

Summary

This article is based on a study that proves exercise to be

beneficial to solving workplace burnout and distress issues. It
involves the total of 49 participants, 36 females and 13 males. The
authors greatly define work burnout to be a factor in which the
employers expectations exceed the workers limit; therefore,
causing stress to complete a task. This article will be beneficial to
our study because it ties in the modern work burnout verses the
historical burnout. The results of the study done in the article will
be beneficial to us when we provide suggestions of solutions to
work burnout.
--After four weeks of exercise participants had greater positive
well-being and personal accomplishment, and concomitantly less
psychological distress, perceived stress, and emotional exhaustion.
Cardiovascular exercise was found to increase well-being and
decrease psychological distress, perceived stress, and emotional
exhaustion.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

-- Maslach and Leiter (2005) identified two groups of factors

which dominate the person before burnout. The first group called
situational predictors which include six antecedents:
(1) workload,
(2) control,
(3) award,
(4) social network,
(5) job fairness
(6) values
-- Researchers have found high levels of stress among individuals
who have excessive workloads.

-- The global burden of burnout through decreased productivity,

retention, absenteeism, and compensation costs in excess of $300
billion annually (Rowe, 2012), as such the World Health
Organisation is predicted to report burnout as a global pandemic
within the next decade (Nash, 2013).
-- Burnout comprises three central components: emotional
exhaustion, depersonalization, and (lack of) personal
accomplishment

APA reference

Calitz, T. , Roux, A. , & Strydom, H. (2014). Factors that affect

social workers' job satisfaction, stress and burnout.
Maatskaplike Werk/Social Work, 50(2), 153-169.

Summary

This article focuses on the shortage of social workers in United

States, United Kingdom, and South Africa. It states that social
workers leave their profession due to an increase in paperwork for
their clients, caseload, waiting for services, non-work related tasks,
and problems with clients. This article takes us to another level of
work burnout that focuses mainly on the traditional form of work
where physical paperwork is involved. Its important to mention a
specific profession that requires such multitasking.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

--According to Adlem (2007:5), many reasons contribute to the

high turnover of social workers. These include poor working
conditions, poor compensation for work, lack of resources and
support, and increased demands for services.

APA reference

Summary

-- Whitaker, Weismiller and Clark (2006:24) listed the experiences

of social workers as involving increases in paperwork, severity of
client problems, caseload size, waiting lists for services,
assignment of non-social work tasks, level of oversight,
coordination with community agencies, and availability of
professional training.
-- Gaining a better understanding of the key factors influencing the
recruitment and retention of social workers will promote the
essential worth of social work, and with that, greater recognition
will follow for the challenging nature of the job and the serious
responsibilities allied with it.
Els, C. , Mostert, K. , & De Beer, L. (2015). Job characteristics,
burnout and the relationship with recovery experiences. SA
Journal of Industrial Psychology, 41(1), 1-e13.
This article focuses on the recovery process of work burnout. It
states the importance of extra-curricular activities for employees to
get their minds off of work and then come back to it to meet the
demand. Emotional support on the job and interpersonal
communication are highly important to stay motivated at work.
Their study mentioned in the article focused on the academic
faculty members who did questionnaires based on work load and
stress in their jobs. The results of this study are worth looking at
based on the amount of exhaustion and personal connection the
school facility had amongst each other.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

--The results of the structural equation modelling revealed

significant positive relationships between work pressure,
emotional demands and a lack of social support with burnout.

APA reference

Eng, S. (1998, Aug 23). How to prevent or survive burnout tips for
dealing with job stress. The Record. Retrieved from
ProQuest Newsstand.

Summary

This article is a little different, with the simple fact that it focuses
on the notion that burnout isnt just a result of too much work, but
rather a result of lack of effort and lack of reward. With this notion
in place, this article also adds that there is a difference between
stress and burnout. As this article offers tips in preventing or
surviving burnout it also provides conflicting definitions of
burnout and stress.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

-Psychotherapist Herbert J. Freudenberger coined the word

"burnout" in his 1980 book of the same title to mean "a
state of fatigue or frustration brought about by devotion to
a cause, way of life, or relationship that failed to produce
the expected reward."

-- Employees are encouraged to engage in recovery strategies that

will reduce their burnout levels, especially mastery experiences.
-- It has been established in the literature that job demands and
lacking job resources are the main drivers of burnout.

-Although stress can lead to burnout, each term is separate in

nature. Stressed people are often tired and burned-out ones
are chronologically fatigued.
-Prevention tips included: performing a self-evaluation, dont quit
job immediately, determine what can and cannot be
controlled, setting boundaries, take time off if able.

APA reference

Halbesleben, J., & Buckley, M. (2004). Burnout in organizational

life. Journal of Management, 30(6), 859-879.

Summary

This article focuses on the recent publications and publications

from 1993 in regards to work burnout out. The authors work is a
continuation of the topic of work burnout from what the
researchers have been doing and focusing on. Emotional
disconnection, depersonalization, low self-esteem are the three
major results of various studies mentioned about burnout in the
organizational life. The authors go in-depth with these results and
connect literature with their findings. This article will be handy
when we talk about the different studies performed by various
researchers to get the results from different facilities.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

-- Maslach (1982) defined burnout as a syndrome of emotional

exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal
accomplishment that can occur among individuals who do people
work of some kind.

APA reference

Summary

-- While the employees were investing fewer resources in the

actual job performance and distancing themselves from the
demands that caused the burnout (Freedy, Shaw, Jerrell & Masters,
1992), they were instead targeting their resources toward the
benefit of others.
-- Researchers have noted consistent difficulty in demonstrating
empirical support for this interaction in predicting burnout.
Maxted, A. (2015, Aug 22). Stressed, angry, on edge why so many
women feel burnt out. The Times. Retrieved from ProQuest
Newsstand.
In this article we focus more on a womans stress causing factors.
A study conducted of 5000 British women found that nearly half of
these women were on the brink of burnout and were either
moderately or extremely stressed. The article describes our
constant recognition of the strain of modern life, but the article
also points out that as a society we view the strain as the norm.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

-"Women are more likely than men to suffer from anxiety and
depression. Women experience something like 20 to 40
percent more mental ill health than men. According to
Daniel Freeman, professor of clinical psychology at the
University of Oxford.
-women with an "I can do everything" mindset are usually
oblivious to the damage they're doing to themselves until
they reach the brink of collapse. They regard perfectionism
as an asset, not a flaw. According to American
psychologist Sherrie Bourg Carter, author of High Octane
Women: How Super Achievers Can Avoid Burnout.
-American Psychological Association's Stress In America survey
was conducted in 2012 and showed that 23 percent of
women reported their stress levels between an 8 and 10 (10
being the highest stress level). Top sources of stress were
money (72%) and work (66%).

APA reference

Moses, B. (2006, Sep 22). Burnout singes more workers. The

Globe and Mail. Retrieved from ProQuest Newsstand.

Summary

In this article researchers focus on the conflicts of work, personal

life and our sense of burnout normality. This article takes data over
the last 15 years and examines how humans no longer feel the
need to feel good about accomplishments. From an organizational
stand point, contemporary approaches are used to hire people with
potential to hit the ground running. This article explores factors
that cause these potential hires to fall under poor work
performance and an unbalanced home life.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

- Organizations used to hire for potential -- what someone would

be capable of doing in the longer term, given the right
training and experiences. Now they hire for a person's
ability to hit the ground running. They still talk about
potential but that is typically not the driver for staffing
decisions.
-Women are more susceptible to burnout, due to the generational
teaching of woman can have it all. But not realizing other
valued priorities can suffer due to the lack of organization.
-Research shows that women still have more domestic
responsibilities than men do, which leaves an impression of
more demands placed on women. When these demands
arent met, women are more likely to blame themselves,
not the circumstances, for failure.

APA reference

Pillay, S. (2009, Nov 29). Heed warning signs of worker burnout.

The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved from ProQuest
Newsstand.

Summary

This article focuses on the earliest and latest stages in burnout. In

mentioning that no one is immune to the factors of burnout this
article also offers advice on how to deal with the burnout process.
In a general sense many high-performance workers can fall victim
to the stages of burnout. Therefore, this article explores the
relationship between the six contributing factors of burnout and the
effectiveness of early detection of such factors.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

-Stages of burnout can be considered The Summit Syndrome:

Earliest stages include plastic smiles, minor forms of
dissatisfaction. Then leads to a feeling of being overwhelmed by
workload along with feelings of a vague future. Final stages
include physical and emotional exhaustion.

APA reference

-Six factors of burnout contribution: work overload, lack of

control, insufficient reward, breakdown in community, absence of
fairness and conflicting values.
-One tip to eliminate burnout process: 1. Time management:
People often think that they manage their time well, but
they do not account for e-mails, lunch, answering voicemail and emergencies that could come up. When
scheduling your day, decide how much time a day can be
spent on "intangibles."
Schaufeli, W., Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. (2001). Job burnout.
Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.

Summary

This article jumps directly into its purpose of the authors

viewpoint. It then goes into the history of burnout research. In this
research, interpersonal context of workplace is highly encouraged.
The more personal connection an employee has in the workplace,
the more theyre going to be dedicated. This article acknowledges
the importance of employees needs. It will be useful in our
research when we talk about ways to improve job burnout issues.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

-- The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of

the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a
larger organizational context of peoples relation to their work.
Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and
has led to new conceptual models.
-- This interpersonal context of the job meant that, from the
beginning, burnout was studied not so much as an individual stress
response, but in terms of an individuals relational transactions in
the workplace.
-- Although exhaustion reflects the stress dimension of burnout, it
fails to capture
the critical aspects of the relationship people have with their work.

APA reference

Simper, K. (2012, Mar 04). The real cost of burnout. Businessline.

Retrieved from ProQuest Newsstand.

Summary

With this article, we pay attention to the relationship between job

satisfaction and work contribution. This article uses an example
about someone being hired to a new job, and then realizing the job
isnt what they expected. Along with focusing on a companys use
of approaches to maintain job satisfaction, the relationship
between an individual and his or her immediate manager is just as
important in this article.
-The average expenditure on training and development in the US,
UK or Australia, as a percentage of the annual payroll, is 4
to 5 per cent in most companies.

Choose 3 most
important
interesting
arguments/facts/quo
tations mentioned in
this article, which
you could
potentially cite in
your own project.

-What companies need to watch is how many days it takes to go

from this motivated honeymoon period, to a point where
job satisfaction starts going downstream.
-With job satisfaction decreasing, work contribution cannot
increase. This results in workers, who have great potential, to
question their talent and their worth to the organization.