Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Toxicities Requiring
Monitoring
NSAIDs and
salicylates
GI ulceration and
bleeding, renal
damage
Corticosteroids
Hypertension,
hyperglycemia,
osteoporosis
Gold
(intramuscular or
Oral)
Myelosupression,
hepatotoxicity,
lymphoproliferative
disorders
Myelosuppression,
proteinuria, rash,
stomatitis
Hydroxychloroqui
ne
Macular damage,
rash, diarrhea
Methotrexate
Myelosuppression,
hepatic fibrosis,
cirrhosis, pulmonary
infiltrates or fibrosis,
stomatitis, rash
Azathioprine
Leflunomide
Penicillamine
Hepatitis, GI distress,
alopecia
Myelosuppression,
proteinuria,
stomatitis, rash,
dysgeusia
Sulfasalazine
Myelosuppression,
rash
Etanercept,
Local injection-site
Symptomps to Inquire
About
Blood in stool, black stool,
dyspepsia, nausea/vomiting,
weakness, dizziness,
abdominal pain, edema,
weight gain, shortness of
breath
Blood pressure if available,
polyuria, polydipsia, edema,
shortness of breath, visual
changes, weight gain,
headaches, broken bones or
broken pain
Symptoms of
myelosupression (extreme
fatigue, easy bleeding or
bruising, infection) jaundice
Symptoms of
myelosupression, edema,
rash, oral ulcers, diarrhea
Visual changes including a
decrease in night or
peripheral vision, rash,
diarrhea
Symptoms of
myelosupression, shortness
of breath, nausea/vomiting,
lymph node swelling,
coughing, mouth sores,
diarrhea, jaundice
Nausea/vomiting, gastritis,
diarrhea, hair loss, jaundice
Symptoms of
myelosupression, edema,
rash, diarrhea, altered taste
perception, oral ulcers
Symptoms of
myelosupression,
photosensitivity, rash,
nausea/vomiting
Symptoms of infection
adalimumab,
anakinra
reactions, infection
Infliximab
Immune reactions,
infection
Postinfusion reactions,
symptoms of infection
(Dipiro, 2011).
Monitoring didasarkan pada perbaikan tanda-tanda klinis dan gejala RA.
Perbaikan tanda klinis misalnya adalah berkurangnya pembengkakan
sendi, berkurangnya panas pada sendi yang terlibat dan berkurangnya
nyeri saat sendi dipalpasi. Pengurangan gejala misalnya adalah
berkurangnya nyeri sendi yang dirasakan, perbaikan dan kemampuan
untuk beraktivitas sehari-hari.
Radiografi dan pemeriksaan
laboratorium mungkin diperlukan untuk memantau hasil terapi.
Sebelum dilakukan pemberian terapi, hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan
bahwa TTV pasien berada dalam batas normal. Diharapkan setelah
pemberian terapi, TTV pasien tetap berada dalam batas normal