0300474 Computer Integrated

Manufacturing
Week 1: Basic CNC

10%

30%

30%
//
15%

10%

5%
NOTE: 80%

Outline
1. Introduction to CNC machine
2. Component and Function of CNC
3. Coordinate System

1.Introduction to CNC machine

CNC = Computerized Numerical Control

History and Development of

Technology
Conventional M/C
NC M/C
(1948 US Air force, MIT 21 months )
1997 1st commercial NC m/c
CINCINNATIC HYDROTEL VERTICAL-SPINDLE MACHINE

CNC M/C

History and Development of

Technology

Conventional vs. CNC machine

Machine

Structure
The CNC machine tools are basically built
in the same way as conventional machine
tools. The difference lies in the fact that
the machine components relevant for
turning and milling processes are
controlled by computers.

Conventional vs. CNC machine

Function

Conventional vs. CNC machine

Conventional vs. CNC machine

Conventional

machine
eyes, hands, brain, skill

CNC

machine
Program Control unit Motor Motion
Measuring & Reflection Unit
No skill is required for operating CNC m/c .

Conventional machine

CNC machine

Difference between Conventional

M/C & CNC M/C
Item

Conventional
machine

CNC
machine

1. Movement

Acme screw

Ball screw

2. Feed

manual

motor

3.measurement manual

Linear scale

Advantages of CNC
Flexible,

high accuracy
Short production time
Complex shapes
Short setting time
No skill requirement
Short inspection time/ high quality product
Low cost

Disadvantages of CNC
High

machine cost
Complicated maintenance
Skill & training are required for
programming and maintenance.
Parts are imported from aboard.
High tooling cost
Temperature, humidity & dust must be
controlled.

Why CNC?
HUMAN LIMITATION

2. Component and Function of

CNC
Feed

drive
Measuring system Direct / Indirect
Work spindle hydraulic
Cooling system reduce heat
Tool turret

Feed drive

Measuring
System

Tool change facilities

3. Coordinate System
3.1 CNC Axes

Axes on a CNC lathe

Axes on a CNC milling machine

Zero and reference points on

CNC

Zero Point of machine on a CNC lathe

Machine Zero Point and Work part zero

point on CNC milling machine

3.2 Two types of dimensioning in NC

programming
Absolute

dimensioning (G90)-

Incremental

dimensioning(G91)-

Exercise 1


G90
Absolute

P0
P0-P1
P0-P2
P0-P3
P0-P4
P0-P5
P0-P6

X
X0
X-20
X12
X20
X20
X12
X-20

Y
Y0
Y-20
Y-20
Y-12
Y14
Y20
Y20

G91
Increment

P0
P0-P1
P1-P2
P2-P3
P3-P4
P4-P5
P5-P6

X
X0
X-20
X32
X8
X0
X-8
X-32

Y
Y0
Y-20
Y0
Y8
Y26
Y6
Y0

Exercise 2

Basics of coordinate point calculations

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Exercise2
Exercise 4
Quiz1

(
)