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Ethics, Forms of Education

and the Educator

By
Dr. Arthur Joseph
UWI, St Augustine

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Objectives
Participants will:
Reflect on their past administrative practice in order
to determine the extent to which the choices made
were overarched by ethical concerns

Consider the relevance and interplay of facts,


preferences, and ethical principles in the decision
making process

Objectives
Identify and refine ethical principles as
they relate to school administration in T&T

Reflect on the extent to which their


professional practice may be enhanced by
infusing concerns for ethics in their daily
activities

Ethics Defined
A set of moral choices a person makes
based on what he or she ought to do.
Is based on an individuals beliefs about
what is right and wrong or good and bad.
Ethics convert values into action

The Nature of Ethical Inquiry


Ethical Inquiry invites an interplay of:
Factual statementstruths,
reliable information
Preferencesvalue statements
Moral principlesrights,
fairness, justice, obligation

How are values learned?


Through modeling

communication of attitudes
Through religion

Moral Principles
The principle of Benefit
Maximization (Utilitarianism) --focuses on consequences
The principle of Equal Respect
(deontology)---based on philosophies
that center on the rights of the
individual honesty, fairness, justice,
respect of person and property.

Moral Principles

The principle of Equal Treatment--trustworthiness has emerged as a virtue of


major importance

Moral Principles
Consequentialist Theorymorality of the
decision depends on that which gives the best
consequents(results)Utilitarianism
Non-consequentialist TheoryPay little attention
to the ultimate consequences, consider the means.
Equal respect
Maximin Principle
inequalities should be justified only if every one benefits
The distribution of resources must never disadvantage
any one

Ethical Theories
The Ethic of JusticeParticipation, equal
respect, due process policy, rights,
responsibilities, equity in resource distribution
The Ethic of Care.Quality of life, cultural
enrichment, concern for individual potential,
human dignity, empowering environment
Ethic of CritiqueHierarchical privileges,
Power, Class distinctions and differences, culture
of silence

Major Causes of Ethical Problems

Individuals greed and gluttony ---the


desire to maximize self-gains at the
expense of others.
Level of moral development some
individuals are morally advanced, others
are morally challenged.
Organizational atmosphere that
condones unethical practices

Major Causes of Ethical Problem

Unconscious biases that lead to unfair


judgment and discriminatory practices.

Pressure from higher up the hierarchy to


achieve goals

Levels of Moral Development


Pre-conventional level---a person is
concerned primarily with receiving
external rewards and avoiding
punishment.
Conventional level--- people learn to
conform to the expectations of key people
in their environment, as well as societal
norms.

Levels of Moral Development

Post-conventional level---people are


guided by an internal set of principles
based on universal, abstract principles
that may even transcend the laws of a
particular society.

An Eight-step Guide to Ethical


Decision Making
1. Gather the facts
2. Define the ethical issue
Lying to clients
Discrimination
Sexual harassment
Offering or accepting bribes
Overstatement of the capability of a product or
service
Use of organizational resources for personal
gain

An Eight-step Guide to Ethical


Decision Making
3 .Identify the affected parties
4. Identify the consequences short term and long
term
5. Identify the obligations
6. Consider your character and integrity
7. Think creatively about potential actions
8. Check you intuition

Forms of Education:
Implication for Ethical Actions
Progressive Liberal Education
Socialization
Schooling
Training
Coaching
Conditioning
Regimentation
Indoctrination

Indoctrination
Indoctrination is often distinguished
from education by the fact that the
indoctrinated person is expected not to
question or critically examine the
doctrine they have learned.[2]

Regimentation
the strict discipline and enforced uniformity
characteristic of military groups or
totalitarian systems.
The lock step and a quasi silent system used
to maintain control, order, and discipline

Conditioning
Also called operant or instrumental
conditioning
A process of changing behavior by
rewarding or punishing a subject
each time an action is performed until the
subject associates the action with pleasure
or distress

Coaching
A private tutor who prepares a student for
an examination.

Training
To make proficient by instruction and
practice, as in some art, profession, or work
to train soldiers.

Schooling
The process of teaching or being taught
in a school

Socialization
A continuing process whereby an
Individual acquires a personal identity and
learns the norms, values, behavior, and
social skills appropriate to his or her social
position

Progressive Liberal Education


The progressive education philosophy
embraces the idea that we should teach
children how to think and that a test
cannot measure whether or not a child is
an educated person.
http://education.stateuniversity.com/page
s/2336/Progressive-Education.html

Group Activity
(A) As a group, identify and elaborate on
one or more instances at the level of the:
Teacher in his/her classroom
Principal and teachers in the school
School and any of its stakeholders
When principles of ethical considerations
were violated

Group Activity Contd


( B) As educators and standard bearers, preparing
citizens for a better society, comment on and
make suggestions clearly indicating how the
situation you have mentioned above should
have been dealt with.
(C) What lasting effects do you anticipate these
behaviours will have on your school?

References
Dubrin, A.J.(2007).Fundamentals of
organizational behavior(4th ed.).
Mason,
OH, USA: Thomson South- Western.
Luthans, F. (1998). Organizational
behavior( 8th ed.).Boston: McGraw- Hill.
Strike, K.A., Haller,E.J.,& Soltis, J. F.
(1998). The ethics of schools
administration ( 2nd Ed.) .New York:
Teachers College Press.
.

The End

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