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9-4 Right Triangles and

Trigonometric Ratios
Kiran Satyavarapu
Algebra II
Coolidge High School

Objectives
To find the lengths of sides in a right triangle
To find the measures of angles in a right triangle

Right Triangle Trigonometry


Trigonometry is based upon ratios of the sides of
right triangles.
hyp

opp

adj
The sides of the right triangle are:
the side opposite the acute angle ,
the side adjacent to the acute angle ,
and the hypotenuse of the right triangle.

Trigonometric Ratios
hyp
opp

adj
The trigonometric functions are:
sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant.
opp
sin =
cos = adj
tan = opp
hyp
hyp
adj
hyp
csc =
opp

sec =

hyp
adj

cot = adj
opp

S OH C AH T OA

Reciprocal Functions

sin = 1/csc
cos = 1/sec
tan = 1/cot

csc = 1/sin
sec = 1/cos
cot = 1/tan

Find the six trigonometric ratios for (4, -3)

Trigonometric Ratios
Sin

Cosec

Cos

Sec

Tan

Cot

YOUR TURN
Find the six trigonometric Ratios for the
point on the coordinate axes

Find the six trigonometric ratios for (5, 4)

Trigonometric Ratios
Sin

Cosec

Cos

Sec

Tan

Cot

FINDING TRIGONOMETRIC
RATIOS
How to find six Trigonometric Ratios in a Right triangle givens two sides?

Important!
1. Find the third side of the right triangle using
Pythagorean theorem

2. Use the Inverse Trigonometric function to find


the angle

In the ABC if sin A = 5/13 what are cos A, Cot A and sin B?
B

A
Cos A

Cot A

Sin B

Finding Angle Measure


In DGH, H = 90, b = 13 and g = 5. Find D?
G

1.
h
14 cm

6 cm
a

In the triangle, if h = 14, a =


6 find angle C:
adjacent
Cos C = hypotenuse

adjacent
Cos C = hypotenuse
Cos C = 6
14
Cos C = 0.4286
C = cos-1 (0.4286)
C = 64.6o

2. Find angle x
3 cma

Given adj and opp


need to use tan:

Tan A =

o 8 cm
Tan A =

o
a

Tan x =

8
3

Tan x = 2.6667
x = tan-1 (2.6667)
x = 69.4o

opposite
adjacent

3.
10 cm

12 cm

Given opp and hyp


need to use sin:
opposite
Sin A = hypotenuse

o
h
sin x = 10
12
sin A =

sin x = 0.8333
x = sin-1 (0.8333)
x = 56.4o

Finding a side from a triangle

4.
7 cm

30o

We have been given


the adj and hyp so we
use COSINE:
adjacent
Cos A = hypotenuse

Cos A = a

h
Cos 30 = k
7

Cos 30 x 7 = k
6.1 cm = k

5.

We have been given the opp


and adj so we use TAN:

50o
4 cm

Tan A =
r
Tan A =
Tan 50 =
Tan 50 x 4 = r
4.8 cm = r

o
a
r
4

6.
k

We have been given the opp


and hyp so we use SINE:
12 cm

Sin A =

25o

sin A =
sin 25 =
Sin 25 x 12 = k
5.1 cm = k

o
h
k
12

Example: Given sec = 4, find the values of the


other five trigonometric functions of .
Solution:

Draw a right triangle with an angle such


4

4
hyp
that 4 = sec =
= .
adj 1

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve


for the third side of the triangle.
sin =

15
4

1
4
tan = 15 = 15
1

cos =

15

1 = 4
sin
15
1
sec =
=4
cos
1
cot =
15

csc =

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