Chuyen de 6. To Hop, Xac Suat, Nhi Thuc Newotn PDF

www.MATHVN.
com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

Ti liu n thi THPT Quc Gia mn Ton
Chuyn
T T. HONG GIA 56 Ph Ch, Tn Thnh, Tn Ph: 0988985600
T HP XC SUT NH THC NEWTON

Bi 1. NH THC NEWTON
I. Kin thc c bn cn nm vng

Nh thc Newton l khai trin tng (hiu) ly tha c dng:
n
( a + b)n = Cnk .an k .b k = Cn0 an + Cn1 an 1b + Cn2 an 2 b2 + + Cnn 1 abn 1 + Cnn bn .

k =0
Nhn xt trong khai trin nh thc:

+ Trong khai trin ( a b)n c n + 1 s hng v cc h s ca cc cp s hng cch u s hng u
v s hng cui th bng nhau: Cnk = Cnn k .
+ S hng tng qut dng: Tn +1 = Cnk .an k .b k v s hng th N th k = N 1 .
+ Trong khai trin ( a b)n th du an nhau, ngha l + , ri , ri + , .
+ S m ca a gim dn, s m ca b tng dn nhng tng s m a v b bng n.
+ Nu trong khai trin nh thc Niutn, ta gn cho a v b nhng gi tr c bit th s thu c
nhng cng thc c bit. Chng hn nh:
x =1
(1 + x)n = Cn0 x n + Cn1 x n 1 + +Cnn
Cn0 + Cn1 + +Cnn = 2n.
x =1
(1 x)n = Cn0 xn Cn1 xn 1 + +( 1)n Cnn Cn0 Cn1 + + ( 1)n Cnn = 0.

Cng thc hon v, chnh hp v t hp (thng cho kt hp vi khai trin):
+ Hon v: Pn = n ! = n.( n 1).(n 2)...3.2.1, (n 1). .
+ Chnh hp: Ank =
+ T hp: Cnk =
n!
, (1 k n) . .
(n k )!
Ak
n!
= n , (1 k n) v Cnk + Cnk +1 = Cnk ++11 .
k !.( n k )!
k!
II. Tm h s hoc s hng tha mn iu cho trc

1) Khai trin dng: (axp + bx q )n kt hp vi vic gii phng trnh cha Ank , Cnk , Pn .
BT 1.
Tm s hng khng cha x (c lp vi x) trong khai trin ca nh thc:
a) x +
12
1
, x 0.
x
S: 924.
1
b) x 3 2
x
S: 8064.
x 3
d) +
3 x
S: 495.
1
f) 2 x +
, ( x > 0).
5
x
10
1
c) 2 x , x 0.
x
12
S: 6528.
17
+ 4 x 3 , x 0.
h)
S: 24310.
3 2
x
Tm h s ca s hng M v cho bit l s hng th my trong khai trin nh thc:
1
g) 3 x +
, x > 0.
4
x
BT 2.
S: 924.
18
12
e) + x , x > 0.
x
S: 10.
S: 35.
a) (2 x 3 y )17 .
M = x8 y9 .
9
S: 39.28.C17
.
b) ( x + y)25 .
M = x12 y13 .
13
S: C25
.
c) ( x 3)9 .
M = x4 .
S: 35.C95 .
Bin son: Ths. L Vn on 0933.755.607
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
Page - 113 -
www.MATHVN.com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

d) (1 3x)11 .
M = x6 .
6
S: 36.C11
.
e) (3 x x 2 )12 .
M = x15 .
3
S: 39.C12
.
f) ( x 2 2 x)10 .
M = x16 .
S: 3360.
M = x 31 .
3
S: C40
.
2
h) x 2 , x 0.
x
M = x11 .
3
S: 2 3.C10
.
i) ( 3 x 2 + x)7 .
M = x2 .
S: 35.
x
j) xy + , xy 0, y 0.
y
M = x6 y 2 .
S: 45.
k) (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 )5 .
M = x10 .
S: 101.
40
1
g) x + 2 , x 0.
x
10
10
BT 3.
10
l) x(1 2 x) + x (1 + 3x) .
M=x .
S: 3320.
m) (2 x + 1)4 + (2 x + 1)5 + (2 x + 1)6 + (2 x + 1)7 .
M = x5 .
S: 896.
Tm h s ca s hng th n trong khai trin nh thc, ng vi cc trng hp sau:

5
1
a) x + , x 0.
x
n = 4.
S: 120.
b) (3 x)15 .
n = 13.
S: 12285.
1
c) x , x > 0.
x
n = 6.
5
S: C15
.
d) (2 3x)25 .
n = 21.
20
S: 2 5.320.C25
.
15
BT 4.
Tm h s ca mt s hng hoc tm mt s hng (dng c iu kin)

a) Cho s nguyn dng n tha mn Cn3 = 5Cn1 . Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin nh
n
2 3
1
thc Newton ca
x+
, x>0 ?
4
x
n5
S: C74 = 35.
n
b) Tm h s ca x4 trong khai trin biu thc x 3 , x 0, bit n l s t nhin tha mn

x
h thc: Cnn46 + n.An2 = 454 ?

S: n = 8; 1792.
1
c) Tm s hng c lp vi x trong khai trin: x. 3 x +
5 28
x
n
n 1
n2
tha mn iu kin: Cn + Cn + Cn = 79 ?
d) Cho a = 5log 5
9x 1 + 7
v b = 5
1
log 5 ( 3x1 + 1)
5
, x 0, bit rng n l s t nhin
S: 792.
. Tm cc s thc x , bit rng s hng cha a 3 trong khai
trin Newton: ( a + b) bng 224 .
S: x = 1 x = 2.
n
x
e) Tm cc gi tr ca x , bit trong khai trin 2 lg(10 3 ) + 5 2( x 2)lg 3 c s hng th 6 bng 21
v Cn1 + Cn3 = 2Cn2 .
S: x = 0 x = 2 .
2
n
2
n
f) Cho n l s nguyn dng tha mn: 3C + 2 A = 3n + 15 . Tm s hng cha x10 trong khai
n
3
trin nh thc Newton: 2 x 3 2 , x 0 .
x
4
S: C10
.2 6.34.x10 .
g) Cho khai trin: (1 + 2 x)n = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + an x n vi n . Bit rng a3 = 2014 a2 .

Tm n ?
S: n = 6044 .
Page - 114 -


n
2
h) Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin: 3 x +
, x > 0. Bit rng n tha mn iu
x
6
S: C15
.26 = 320320 .
kin: Cn6 + 3Cn7 + 3Cn8 + Cn9 = 2Cn8+ 2 .
n
i) Cho n + v a , b , (b > 0). Bit trong khai trin nh thc Newton

+ b c hng t cha
b
4 9
a b , tm s hng cha tch a v b vi s m bng nhau ?
S: 5005a6 b6 .
j) Cho n l s nguyn dng tha mn: Cnn 3 Cn21 = Cn1 1Cnn++32 . Tm h s ca s hng cha x11
n
n
8
S: C12
.48.
trong khai trin: P = x 3 xn 8
, x 0.
3
x
k) Cho n l s nguyn dng tha mn iu kin: 6Cnn+11 = An2 + 160 . Tm h s ca x7 trong
khai trin: (1 2 x 3 )(2 + x)n ?

2
S: 2224 .
3 4
12
l) Cho P = (1 x + x x ) = ao + a1 x + a2 x + .. + a12 x . Tm a7 ?
S: 40 .
m) Tm h s ca x trong khai trin: P = x(1 2 x) + x (1 + 3 x) , bit rng An2 Cnn+11 = 5 .

n
2n
n) Cho P( x) = ( x + 1)10 ( x + 2) = x11 + a1 x10 + a2 x9 + .. + a10 x + a11 . Tm a5 ?

20
S: 3320.
S: 672.
10
1
o) Cho: P ( x ) = x 2 + x 3 , x 0. Sau khi khai trin v rt gn th biu thc s gm
x
bao nhiu s hng ?

S: 29 s hng.
2) Khai trin dng: (a + bx p + cx q )n kt hp vi vic gii phng trnh cha Akn , Ckn , Pn .
n
Vit P( x) = ( a + bx p + cxq )n = a + ( bx p + cx q ) = Cnk a n k ( bx p + cx q )k = Cnk an k C ki ( bx p )k i .(cxq )i

k =0
k =0
i =0
n
= Cnk a n k .C ki .(bx p ) k i .( cx q )i , vi k , i .
k =0 i =0
BT 5.
Tm h s ca s hng M v cho bit l s hng th my trong khai trin nh thc:

a) (1 + x + 3 x 2 )10 .
M = x4 .
2 10
b) (1 + 2 x + 3 x ) .
2 5
d) (2 + x 3 x ) , x 0.
S: 230.
S: 10.
M=x .
S: 238.
10
M=x .
S: 101.
M = x8 .
S: 27159.
M=x .
M=x .
e) ( x + x 1) .
3 8
f) (1 + x x ) .
2
S: 38400.
M=x .
c) (1 + x + 2 x ) .
S: 8085.
17
M=x .
2 10
S: 1695.
3 5
g) (1 + x + x + x ) .
12
1
h) 1 x 4 , x 0.
x
BT 6.
Tm h s ca mt s hng hoc tm mt s hng (dng c iu kin)

a) Cho (1 + x x 2 )10 = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a20 x 20 . Tm a8 ?
S: a8 = 45 .
b) Cho P ( x ) = ( x + x 2 ) , x 0. Xc nh s hng khng ph thuc vo x khi khai trin

x
P( x) bit n tha: Cn3 + 2n = An2+1 .
S: 98.
n
1
c) Tm h s x 4 trong khai trin biu thc x + 3 1 , (x > 0) ? Bit rng n l s nguyn
x
1
2
3
dng tha mn 3Cn +1 + 8Cn + 2 = 3Cn+ 1 .
S: 4422 .
Page - 115 -

d) Cho khai trin nh thc: (1 2 x + x 3 )n = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a3 n x 3n . Xc nh h s a6 , bit

15
rng: ao +
a
a1 a2
1
+
+ + 33nn =
2 22
2
2
S: a6 = 150 .
e) Cho: (1 + 2 x)10 (3 + 4 x + 4 x 2 )2 = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a14 x14 . Tm a6 ?
S: a6 = 482496 .
x2
f) Tm h s ca x10 trong khai trin Newton: + x + 1 .( x + 2)3n vi n l s t nhin tha

4
mn iu kin: An3 + Cnn 2 = 14n .
S: a10 = 2956096 .
3) Khai trin (axp + bxq )n ; (a + bxp + cx q )n kt hp tnh tng n gin

Khai trin Newton: ( a + b)n = Cn0 an + Cn1 an 1b + + Cnn 1 abn 1 + Cnn bn , vi:
S m ca a gim dn v s m ca b tng dn. Nu trong biu thc khng c s m tng hoc

gim th n (a hoc b) c th bng 1 .
Nu du ca biu thc an nhau th khai trin s c dng ( a b)n .
Trong biu thc c Cn0 + Cn2 k + Cn4 k ... (ton chn hoc ton l) th l du hiu nhn dng khai
trin hai biu thc dng ( a b)n v ( a + b)n khi chn a , b ri cng li (khi ton chn) hoc tr i
(khi ton l) theo tng v.
BT 7.
Bit tng cc h s trong khai trin (1 + x 2 )n l 1024. Tm h s ca x12 ?
S: n = 10; 210.
BT 8.
Tm h s ca x6 trong khai trin + x 3 , vi n l s nguyn dng v bit rng tng cc h

x
s trong khai trin bng 1024 ?

S: n = 10; 210.
n
BT 9.
Tm h s ca s hng cha x trong khai trin P ( x ) = 3 + x 5 vi x > 0 . Bit n tha mn

x
1
2
n 1
n
8
iu kin: Cn + Cn + + Cn + Cn = 4095 .
S: C12
.2 4 = 7920 .
8
BT 10. Tm h s ca x10 trong khai trin nh thc (2 + x)n , bit rng n l s nguyn dng tha mn
iu kin: 3n Cn0 3n 1 Cn1 + 3n 2 Cn2 3n 3 Cn3 + + ( 1)n Cnn = 2048 .
10
S: a10 = C11
.2 = 22 .
BT 11. Tm h s ca x10 trong khai trin ( x 3 x 2 )n , (x > 0), bit rng n l s nguyn dng v tng
cc h s trong khai trin bng 2048 ?
BT 12. Tm h s ca x
n
10
0
n
iu kin: 3 C 3
S: 4455.
n
trong khai trin nh thc (2 + x) , bit rng n l s nguyn dng tha mn

n 1
Cn1 + 3n 2 Cn2 3n 3 Cn3 + ... + ( 1) Cnn = 2048 .
S: 22 .
BT 13. Tm h s ca x19 trong khai trin biu thc P = (2 x 1)9 .( x + 2)n , bit rng n l s nguyn
dng: Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + ... + Cnn = 2048 ?
S: 8960 .
2n
BT 14. Tm h s ca x trong khai trin a thc (2 3x) , trong n l s nguyn dng tha mn
iu kin: C21n + 1 + C23n +1 + C25n +1 + + C22nn++11 = 1024 ?
S : a7 = 2099520 .
2 n
BT 15. Tm h s x trong khai trin (1 + x + 2 x ) , bit n l s nguyn dng tha mn iu kin:

C20n + C22n + C24n + ... + C22nn = 512 .
5
S: 105 .
2 3n
BT 16. Hy tm h s ca x trong khai trin: P( x) = (1 2 x + 4 x ) .

2
4
6
8
1006
Bit rng: C2014
+ C2014
+ C2014
+ C2014
+ + C2014
= 2 503n 1 vi n l s nguyn dng.
3
4
5
S: a5 = 2C12
C31 4 2 8C12
C43 41 + ( 2)5 C12
C55 .
BT 17. Tm h s cha x18 trong khai trin P( x) = ( x + 2)13 ( x 2 2 x + 4)n . Bit n nguyn dng tha mn
iu kin: C21n +1 + C22n+ 1 + + C2nn +1 = 2 20 1 .
S: a18 = 15138816 .
Page - 116 -

4) Tm h s ln nht trong khai trin (a + bx)n .

Xt khai trin nh thc Newton ( a + bx)n c s hng tng qut: Tk +1 = Cnk a n k b k x k .
t ak = Cnk an k b k , 0 k n th dy h s l {ak } . Khi h s ln nht trong khai trin ny tha
a ak +1
h phng trnh: k
ko ako max = Cnko an ko b ko .
a
a
k
k 1
1 2x
BT 18. Trong khai trin +
3 3
11
thnh ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a11 x11 . Hy tm k h s ak ln nht v
28 8
.C11 .
311
BT 19. Cho khai trin : (1 + 2 x)n = a0 + a1 x + + an xn , trong n v cc h s a0 , a1 ,..., an tha mn
S: ak max =
tnh n ? (0 k 11, k : nguyn)
h thc a0 +
a
a1
+ + nn = 4096 . Tm s ln nht trong cc s a0 , a1 ,..., an ? S: amax = 126720.
2
2
n
1 x
BT 20. Cho khai trin + = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + an x n . Tm s ln nht trong cc s a0 , a1 , a2 ,..., an ?
2 3
1001
Bit rng n l s t nhin tha mn Cn2Cnn 2 + 2Cnn 2Cnn 1 + Cn1Cnn 1 = 11025 ? S: amax =
62208
BT 21. Tm s nguyn dng n nh nht sao cho khai trin (1 + x)n c t s hai h s lin tip trong
khai trin trn bng
7
?
15
S: n = 21 .
5) Tm s hng hu t ( hoc s hng l s nguyn) trong khai trin (a + b)n .

m
Xt khai trin ( a + b)n c s hng tng qut: Cnk an k b k = Cnk . p . q vi , l cc s hu t. S

m
p
hng hu t cn tm tha mn h:
k , 0 k n ) ko Cnko an ko b ko l s hng cn tm.
(
r
q
BT 22. Tm s hng l s nguyn trong khai trin nh thc: ( 3 + 3 2)n , bit rng n l s nguyn dng
3
tha mn iu kin: ( Pn ) .Cnn .C2nn .C3nn = P27 .
S: C93 33.21 v C99 2 3.
1 3
BT 23. Tm s hng hu t trong khai trin:
+ 5
2
3n +1
. Bit rng n l s nguyn dng tha mn
iu kin: Cnn + 2Cnn 1 + Cnn 2 = Cn2+n2 3 .
S:
0
C10
32
6
C10
2 3.52
32
III. Chng minh hoc tnh tng

1) S dng nhng nhn xt c bn hoc tnh cht, cng thc Akn , Cnk , Pn .
Trong khai trin ( a b)n th du an nhau, ngha l + , ri , ri + , .

S m ca a gim dn, s m ca b tng dn nhng tng s m a v b bng n.
1
1
Vn dng linh hot tnh cht: Cnk + Cnk +1 = Cnk ++11 , Cnk = Cnn k v
.C k =
.C k +1 .
k + 1 n n + 1 n +1
Khi gp tng gia cc tch ca hai cng thc t hp ( + Cni .Cnj + ), lc thng so snh
h s ca bin cng bc vi nhau, chng hn so snh khai h s ca s m cng bc ca hai
khai trin: (1 x 2 )n vi (1 x)n ( x + 1)n ......
Page - 117 -

BT 24. Tnh cc tng sau:

a) S = C50 + C51 + + C55 .
S: S = 2 5.
b) S = C50 + 2C51 + 2 2 C52 + + 2 5 C55 .
S: S = 35.
c) S = 40 C80 + 41 C81 + + 48 C88 .
S: S = 58.
0
1
2
2010
d) S = C2010
+ C 2010
+ C2010
+ + C2010
.
S: S = 2 2010.
0
1
2
2010
e) S = C2010
+ 2C2010
+ 2 2 C2010
+ + 2 2010 C2010
.
S: S = 32010.
6
7
8
9
10
f) S = C10
+ C10
+ C10
+ C10
+ C10
.
S: S = 386.
g) S = C
0
100
2
100
+C x +C
4
100
+ + C
100
100
S: S = 299.
1
3
5
2009
h) S = 2.C2010
+ 2 3.C2010
+ 2 5.C2010
+ + 2 2009.C2010
.
k 1
2 n +1
1
1
1
BT 25. Tnh S = C21n C22n + + ( 1) . C2kn1 + + ( 1)
C 2n .
2
3
k
2n + 1 2 n
1
1
1
1
+
+ +
+
2!.2012! 4!.2010!
2012!.2! 2014!
BT 27. Hy tnh cc tng sau:
BT 26. Tnh tng: S =
S: S =
1
2
3
2013
a) S1 = 12.C2013
+ 2 2.C2013
+ 32.C 2013
+ + 20132.C2013
.
b) S2 =
0
C 2013
1
C 2013
2
C 2013
+ +
2013
C 2013
2014
1
S: S = (32010 1).
2
2n
S: S =
.
2n + 1
2 2013 1
.
2014!
S: 2013.2014.2 2011. .
S: S2 =
2 2014 1
.
2014
BT 28. Chng minh: (C ) + (C ) + + (Cnn )2 = C2nn vi n 2, n .

0 2
n
1 2
n
C0
BT 29. Cho s t nhin n 2, chng minh ng thc: n
1
BT 30. Tnh S =
Cn1
Cnn C2nn++12 1
+ + +
=
( n + 1)2
2
n+1
12
12
12
C 12
C 2013
C 2014
C12
C 12
?
+ 13 + 14 + +
+
11.12 11.12 11.12
2012.2013 2013.2014
2n 2
BT 31. Chng minh n 2, n , ta lun c: Cn0Cn1 ...Cnn
n1
BT 32. Tm s nguyn dng n tha mn ng thc sau y:
S: S =
1 11
C .
132 2013
n1
C20n + C22n .32 + + C22nk .32 k + + C22nn 2 .32 n 2 + C22nn .32 n = 215.(216 + 1) .
S: n = 8 .
2) Khai trin kt hp vi o hm chng minh hoc tnh tng

a) S dng o hm cp I
Nhn dng: cc h s ng trc t hp tng dn (1, 2, 3, ..., n hay 12 , 2 2 , ..., n2 ) hoc
gim dn dng (n, ..., 3, 2, 1 hay n2 ,..., 2 2 , 12 ) (khng k du). Hay tng qut hn n c
dng l k.Cnk hoc dng k.Cnk an k b k 1 .
Phng php gii:

+ Bc 1. Xt khai trin: ( a + x)n = Cn0 an + Cn1 an 1 x + Cn2 an 2 x 2 + +Cnn 1ax n 1 + Cnn xn .
+ Bc 2. Ly o hm hai v c:
n( a + x)n 1 = Cn1 an1 + 2Cn2 an 2 x + + ( n 1)Cnn 1 axn 2 + Cnn xn 1 .
(i)
+ Bc 3. Chn gi tr x v a thch hp da vo bi th vo (i).

BT 33. Chng minh n 1, n , th: Cn1 .3n 1 + 2.Cn2 .3n 2 + 3.Cn3 .3n 3 + + n.Cnn = n.4n 1.
BT 34. Chng minh n 1, n , th: 2 n 1 Cn1 + 2 n1 Cn2 + 2n 3 Cn3 + 2n 4 Cn4 + +nCnn = n.3n 1.
BT 35. Tm n + , tha: C21n + 1 2.2C22n+ 1 + 3.2 2 C23n + 1 4.2 3 C24n +1 + + (2n + 1).2 2 n C22nn++11 = 2005 S: 1002.
BT 36. Tnh tng S trong cc trng hp sau:
Page - 118 -

2
4
6
100
a) S = 4C100
+ 8C100
+ 12C100
+ + 200C100
.
S: S = 100.299.
0
1
2
2000
b) S = C2000
+ 2C2000
+ 3C2000
+ + 2001C2000
.
S: S = 1001.2 2000.
0
1
2
2006
2007
c) S = 2008C2007
+ 2007C2007
+ 2006C2007
+ + 2C2007
+ C2007
.
S: S = 2009.2 2006.
2
BT 37. Cho P( x) = x 3 2 , n . Hy tm s hng cha x6 , bit rng n l s t nhin tha mn
x
n 1 1
6 6
ng thc: 1.2 Cn + 2.2n 2 Cn2 + 3.2n 3 Cn3 + + nCnn = 12.3n 1 .
S: 2 6 C12
x .
BT 38. Cho khai trin ( x 1)100 = ao x100 + a1 x99 + + a98 x 2 + a99 x + a100 .
Tnh tng: S = 100 ao .2100 + 99 a1 .299 + + 2 a98 .2 2 + 1a99 .21 + 1 .
BT 39. Cho khai trin (1 3x)
2014
= ao + a1 x + a2 x + + a2014 x
2014
S: S = 201 .
.
S: S = 3022.2 2014 .
Tnh tng S = ao + 2 a1 + 3a1 + + 2015a2014 ?

0
2
4
2014
BT 40. Tnh tng: S = C2014
.
+ 3C2014
+ 5C2014
+ + 2015.C2014
S: S = 1008.2 2013 .
2
4
6
2014
BT 41. Tnh gi tr biu thc: A = C2014
+ 2C2014
+ 3C2014
+ + 1007C2014
.
S: A =
1007 2013
.2 .
2
b) S dng o hm cp II
Nhn dng: cc h s ng trc t hp tng dn 1.2, 2.3, ...,( n 1)n hoc gim dn
(n 1)n,..., 2.3, 1.2 (khng k du), c dng tng qut: k.Cnk an k hoc k( k 1)Cnk .
Phng php gii: Cc bc gii tng t nh o hm cp 1.
1
2
3
2006
2007
BT 42. Tnh tng: S = 12 C2007
.
+ 2 2 C2007
+ 32 C2007
+ + 2006 2 C2007
+ 2007 2 C2007
S: 2007.2008.2 2005.
1
2
2012
2013
BT 43. Chng minh: 12 C2013
+ 2 2 C203
+ + 2012 2 C 2013
+ 20132 C2013
= 2013.2014.2 2011.
BT 44. Cho n , tha mn iu kin:
An3 + Cn3
= 35, (n 3).
( n 1)(n 2)
Hy tnh tng: S = 2 2.Cn2 32 Cn3 + 4 2 Cn4 + ( 1)n .n2 .Cnn ?
S: S = 30 .
3) Khai trin kt hp vi o hm chng minh hoc tnh tng

Nhn dng: S hng tng qut c dng
ak +1 b k +1 k
Cn ( c dng phn s)
k +1
Phng php gii:
+ Bc 1. Xt khai trin: (cx + d)n = Cn0 (cx)n + Cn1 (cx)n 1 d + +Cnn 1cxdn 1 + Cnn d n .
+ Bc 2. Ly tch phn hai v vi cn a v b
b
(cx + d)
dx = Cn0 (cx)n + Cn1 ( cx)n 1 d + + Cnn 1cxdn 1 + Cnn d n dx.
a
b
xn +1 0
1 ( cx + d)n+ 1
xn
x2
= cn
Cn + c n Cn1 + +cdn 1 Cnn 1 + d nCnn x
c n+1 a n+1
n
2
a
Bc 3. Chn a , b , c , d ph hp da vo bi.
BT 45. Cc bi ton m u v s dng tch phn

1
1
1
a) Tnh tng: S = Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + +
Cn
2
3
n+1 n
b) Tnh tng: S = Cn0 +
c) Tnh tng: S =
22 1 1 23 1 2
2 n+ 1 1 n
Cn +
Cn + +
C
2
3
n+1 n
2 n.Cn0 2n 1 Cn1
20 Cnn
+
+ +
n+1
n
1
S: S =
2 n +1 1
n+1
S: S =
3n + 1 2 n + 1
n+1
S: S =
3n + 1 1
2(n + 1)
Page - 119 -

d) S =
22 1 1
24 1 3
26 1 5
2 2010 1 2009
C 2010 +
C2010 +
C2010 + +
C
2
4
6
2010 2010
S:
32011 1 2 2011
4022
1
1
1
1
e) S = Cn0 + Cn1 .2 + Cn2 .2 2 + Cn3 .2 3 + +
C n .2n.
2
3
4
n+1 n
S: S =
3n + 1 1
2( n + 1)
1
1
1
1
f) S = C21n + C23n + C 25n + + C 22nn 1
2
4
6
2n
S: S =
22n 1
2n 1
S: S =
( n 1)2 n + 1
n+1
1
2
3
n
g) S = Cn1 + Cn2 + Cn3 + +
Cn
2
3
4
n+1 n
1
2
3
4
2n
1
h) Tm n + tha: C21n C22n + C23n C24n +
C22nn =
2
3
4
5
2n + 1
123
S: n = 61.
BT 46. Tm h s ca x trong khai trin Newton ca biu thc 3 + x 5 , bit rng n l s nguyn
x
n
1
1
1
1
7
dng tha mn: Cn0 Cn1 + Cn2 + ( 1)
S: C12
Cn =
.2 5 = 25344 .
2
3
n + 1 n 13
20
1
BT 47. Tm h s cha x2 trong khai trin x +
, bit n l nguyn dng tha mn iu kin:
4
2 x
21
22
23
2n +1 n 6560
.
?
S: a2 = 2 2.C72 =
2Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + +
Cn =
2
3
n+1
n+1
4
2
22
2n n 121
BT 48. Tm n + tha: Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + +
C =
2
3
n+1 n n+1
S: n = 4 .
BI TP RN LUYN
n
2
BT 49. Tm h s ca x 5 trong khai trin nh thc Newton x 3 , ( x 0 ) . Bit rng n l s nguyn
x
3
2
3
dng tha mn iu kin: 4Cn +1 + 2Cn = An .
n
1
BT 50. Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin nh thc Newton 3x 3 2 vi x 0, bit rng
x
n v tha mn iu kin: 2 Pn (4n + 5)Pn 2 = 3 Ann 2 .
BT 51. Tm h s ca x9 trong khai trin (1 x 3)2 n , n . Bit s nguyn dng n tha mn mn

iu kin:
2
14
1
+
=
2
3
Cn 3Cn n
n
1
BT 52. Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin: 3 x +
, x > 0. Bit rng n l s nguyn dng
4
x
tha mn phng trnh: 2(Cn2 + Cn3 ) = 3n2 5n.
BT 53. Cho n l s nguyn dng tha mn phng trnh: 5Cnn 1 = Cn3 . Tm s hng cha x 5 trong khai
n
nx 2 1
trin nh thc Newton
, x 0.
14 x
n
2
BT 54. Tm h s ca x trong khai trin 3x 2 , bit h s ca s hng th ba bng 1080 .
x
8
BT 55. Tm h s ca s hng cha x trong khai trin nh thc: ( x 2 + 2)n , bit rng s nguyn dng
7
n tha mn phng trnh: An3 8Cn2 + Cn1 = 49 .
BT 56. Tm h s ca x10 trong khai trin nh thc: ( x 3 x 2 )n , (x > 0), bit rng tng cc h s trong
khai trin bng 2048 .
Page - 120 -


n
BT 57. Tm h s x 4 trong khai trin x 3 , x > 0 . Bit n l s nguyn dng tha mn phng
x
trnh: Cnn46 + nAn2 = 454 .

n
BT 58. Tm h s ca s hng cha x
3
trong khai trin 2 x 2 3 thnh a thc. Bit rng n l s
x
nguyn dng tha mn ng thc: Cn3 Cnn13 = Cnn12 .Cn1+ 3 .

n
2
BT 59. Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin: p ( x ) = 3 x +
. Bit s nguyn dng n tha
x
mn phng trnh: Cn6 + 3Cn7 + 3Cn8 + Cn9 = 2Cn8+ 2 .

n
1
BT 60. Tm s hng khng ph thuc vo x trong khai trin Newton ca nh thc: 2 x 2 , bit
2x
1
2
n v tha mn phng trnh: 2Cn + Cn = 90 .
BT 61. Cho s nguyn dng n tha mn phng trnh: An3 + 6Cn2 4Cn1 = 100 . Tm h s cha x8 trong
3n
2n
khai trin nh thc Newton ca x 2 +
.
5
BT 62. Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin

x 2 , x 0. Bit rng n l s nguyn dng
3
x
1
2
3
thay i tha mn phng trnh: C2 n+ 1 + C2 n +1 + C2 n +1 + + C2nn +1 = 2 28 1 .
n
1
BT 63. Tm s hng cha x10 ca P ( x ) = 3x 3 , x 0 . Bit rng n + , tha: An2 Cnn+11 = 5n + 7 .
x
BT 64. Khai trin nh thc: (2 + x)n theo ly tha tng dn ca x ta c s hng th tm l 144 . Tm x
bit n tha mn phng trnh: Cnn++31 + 2Cnn+ 2 = 16( n + 2), n * .
n
BT 65. Tm h s ca x trong + x 3 , bit rng tng cc h s trong khai trin bng 1024 ?
x
1
BT 66. Tm h s ca x trong khai trin nh thc Newton ca x +
, bit n tha mn n l s
3
2 x
nguyn dng tha mn: Cn1 + 4Cn2 + 3Cn3 2 2 + 4Cn4 2 3 + + nCnn 2n 1 = 6561n .
BT 67. Tm h s ca x19 trong khai trin biu thc P = (2 x 1)9 .( x + 2)n , bit rng n l s nguyn
dng thay i tha mn phng trnh: Cn0 + Cn1 + Cn2 + + Cnn = 2048.
BT 68. Cho khai trin: (1 + x + x 2 )12 = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a24 x 24 . Tnh a4 .

BT 69. Tm h s x 4 trong khai trin P( x) = (1 x 3x 3 )n , bit n + , tha: Cnn 2 + 6n + 5 = An2+1 .
BT 70. Cho n l s nguyn dng tha mn phng trnh: Cn1 + Cn2 + +Cnn1 + Cnn = 255. Hy tm s
hng cha x14 trong khai trin: P( x) = (1 + x + 3x 2 )n .
3
3n
1
BT 71. Tm h s ca x13 trong khai trin + x + x 2 . ( 2 x + 1) vi n l s t nhin thay i tha mn

4
3
n2
phng trnh: An + Cn = 14n .
BT 72. Cho n l s nguyn dng tha mn iu kin: Cn1 + Cn2 + + Cnn 1 + Cnn = 255. Hy tm s
hng cha x14 trong khai trin: P( x) = (1 + x + 3x 2 )n .
BT 73. Tm h s cha x10 trong khai trin P( x) = (1 x + x 3 x 4 )n . Bit rng n l s nguyn dng thay
i tha mn phng trnh: C2nn++11 + C2nn++21 + C2nn++31 + + C 22nn+11 + C22nn+1 = 28 1.
Page - 121 -

BT 74. Tm n + , tha: ( x 2 + x + 1)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a2 n x 2 n v a1 + 2a2 + + 2na2 n = 81 ?

BT 75. Tm h s ca x5 trong khai trin: P( x) = x(1 2 x)n + x 2 (1 + 3 x)2 n . Bit rng n l s nguyn
dng tha mn iu kin: An2 Cnn+11 = 5 .
BT 76. Khai trin nh thc P( x) = (1 6 x)n = a0 + a1 x + + ak x k + + an x n . Hy tnh gi tr ca biu

a
a1
+ + nn , bit rng n l s nguyn dng tha mn iu kin: 2Cn2 8Cn1 = n .
2
2
BT 77. Tm s hng hu t trong cc khai trin nh thc Newton sau:
thc T = a0 +
10
1 5
c/
+ 5 .
3
BT 78. Hy tm h s ln nht trong khai trin nh thc Newton:

P( x) = (2 x + 1)13 = a0 x13 + a1 x12 + a2 x11 + + a12 x + a13 .
a/
16 + 3
b/
3+32
10
2 5
d/
2 .
3
BT 79. Cho khai trin nh thc P( x) = (1 + 3 x)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + an xn . Hy tm h s ln nht

trong khai trin bit n l s nguyn dng tha mn iu kin: C21n + C23n + ... + C22nn 1 = 2 27 .
2
4
6
8
1006
BT 80. Tnh tng: T = C2014
+ C2014
+ C2014
+ C2014
+ + C2014
.
BT 81. Tnh tng: S =
0
A2013
1
A2013
2
A2013
+ +
2013
A2013
0!
1!
2!
2013!
2
3
2013
BT 82. Tnh tng S = 1.2.C2013
+ 2.3.C2013
+ + 2012.2013.C2013
.
BT 83. Tnh tng: S = 12 Cn0 + 2 2 Cn1 + 32 Cn2 + + (n + 1)2 Cnn .

BT 84. Tm n tha mn iu kin sau:
a/ C20n + 2C22n + 3C 24n + + ( n + 1)C22nn = 2 2 n +1. .
0
2010
1
2009
k
2010 k
2010 0
C2011
+ C2011
C2010
+ + C2011
C2011
+ + C2011
C1 = 2011.2 n.
b/ C2011
k
c/ C21n+ 1 .2 2 n 2.C22n +1 .2 2 n 1.3 2nC22nn+1 .2.32 n 1 + (2n + 1)C 22nn++11 .32 n = 2011.
n
Cn1 2Cn2 3Cn3
n 1 nC n
1
2 + 3 + ( 1)
=
n
2
32
2
2
2
(1 + x)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + ak x k + + an xn
e/ a
a
a
k 1
= k = k + 1 , (1 k n 1)
9
24
2
BT 85. Tnh tng trong cc trng hp sau y:
0
1
2
2000
a/ S = C2000
+ 2C2000
+ 3C2000
+ +2001C2000
.
d/
2
4
15
16
b/ S = 1.2C16
2.3C163 + 3.4C16
14.15C16
+ 15.16C16
.
22 1 1 23 1 2
2n +1 1 n
Cn +
Cn + +
C .
2
3
n+1 n
26
25
24
23
22
2
1
d/ S = C60 + C61 + C62 + C63 + C64 + C65 + C66 .
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3
( 1)n n
e/ S = Cn Cn + Cn Cn + +
C .
2
4
6
8
2( n + 1) n
c/ S = Cn0 +
32 2 2 1 33 2 3 2
39 2 9 8 310 210 9
C9 +
C9 + +
C9 +
C9 .
2
3
9
10
22 1 1
23 + 1 2
2100 1 99 2101 + 1 100
0
g/ S = 3C100
+
C100 +
C100 + +
C100 +
C .
2
3
100
101 100
2
2
2
1
2
99 99 2
1
2
100
h/ S =
C100
+
C100
+ +
C100 + 100 C100
.
100
99
2
1 0 1 1 1 2
1 18 1 19
i/ S = C19
C19 + C19 + C19
C19 .
2
3
4
20
21
f/ S = C90 +
Page - 122 -

Bi 2. T HP & XC SUT

I Cc qui tc m c bn
Qui tc nhn
Gi s mt nhim v X no thc hin ln lt qua K giai on nh sau:
Giai on th nht K1 c n1 cch lm.
Giai on th hai K2 c n2 cch lm.
Giai on th K c nk cch lm.
C 2.3 = 6 cch i t A n C
Mi cch lm ca vic ny khng trng vi bt c cch lm no ca vic cn li. Khi , hon

thnh cng vic X th ta phi thc hin ng thi K giai on trn, nn c: n(X) = n1 .n2 .n3 ...nk cch
thc hin cng vic.
Qui tc cng
Mt cng vic X bao gm k cng vic (trng hp) X1 , X2 , X3 , ..., Xk , vi mi cng vic c lp
nhau, trong :
Giai on th nht K1 c n1 cch thc hin.
Giai on th hai K2 c n2 cch thc hin.
.
Giai on th K c nk cch thc hin.
n1
x1
x2
n2
n3
x3
x4
n4
n( X ) = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4
hon thnh X ta c th thc hin mt trong k cng vic Xi , (i = 1, k ), suy ra s cch thc hin
cng vic X l n( X ) = n1 + n2 + n3 + + nk cch.
Qui tc b tr
i tng x cn m c cha trong mt i tng X gm x v x i lp nhau. Nu X c m cch
chn , x c n cch chn. Vy x c ( m n) cch chn.
V mt thc hnh, cho m nhng i tng tha a v b. Ta cn lm:
Bi ton 1 : m nhng i tng tha a.
Bi ton 2 : m nhng i tng tha a , khng tha b.
Do , kt qu bi ton = kt qu bi ton 1 kt qu bi ton 2 .
Lu
Nu bi ton chia ra tng trng hp khng trng lp hon thnh cng vic th dng qui tc
cng, nu bi ton chia ra tng giai on thc hin th ta dng qui tc nhn. Trong nhiu bi
ton, ta kt hp gia hai qui tc ny li vi nhau gii m cn phi phn bit khi no cng, khi
no nhn, khi no tr.
"Nu cho tp hp hu hn bt k A v B giao nhau khc rng. Khi th s phn t ca A B
bng s phn t ca A cng vi s phn t ca B ri tr i s phn t ca A B , tc l:
n ( A B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) n ( A B ) " . l quy tc cng m rng Khi gii cc bi ton m

lin quan n tm s sao cho cc s l s chn, s l, s chia ht ta nn u tin vic thc hin
(chn) chng trc trnh s trng lp.
II Hon v, chnh hp v t hp
Hon v
V d: Cho tp hp gm ba phn t A = {a; b; c} sp xp ba phn t ca A theo th t khc nhau ta
c tt c 6 cch sp xp l ( a , b , c ), ( a , c , b), ( b , a , c ), ( b, c , a), ( c , a , b), ( c , b , a). S cch l s hon v ca 3
phn t, tc: P3 = 3! = 3.2.1 = 6 cch xp.
nh ngha: Cho tp hp A c n phn t (n 1). Khi sp xp n phn t ny theo mt th t ta c
mt hon v cc phn t ca tp hp A.
Page - 123 -

S hon v ca n phn t l: Pn = n ! = n( n 1)( n 2)....3.2.1.
Chnh hp
Cho tp hp A gm n phn t. Mi cch sp xp k phn t ca A , (1 k n) theo mt th t no
c gi l mt chnh hp chp k ca n phn t ca tp A. S chnh hp chp k ca n phn t c
n!
k hiu l Ank =
, (1 k n).
( n k )!
T hp
Cho tp A gm n phn t. Mi tp con gm k , (1 k n) phn t ca A c gi l mt t hp chp
k ca n phn t. Lp mt t hp chp k ca A l ly ra k phn t ca A (khng quan tm n th t
Ak
n!
= n
cc phn t). S cc t hp chp k ca n phn t c k hiu l: Cnk =
k !.( n k )! k !
Phn bit gia t hp v chnh hp:

Cch ly k phn t t tp n phn t ( k n) m khng th t, khng hon li l Cnk , c th t, khng
hon li l Ank .
III Xc sut v cc nguyn tc tnh xc sut

Loi 1. S dng nh ngha xc sut
Bc 1. Tnh s phn t ca khng gian mu n() l tp hp cc kt qu c th xy ra ca mt
php th (gii quyt bi ton m trc ch "Tnh xc sut").
Bc 2. Tnh s phn t ca bin c A ang xt l kt qu ca php th lm xy ra A (gii quyt bi
ton sau ch "Tnh xc sut") l n( A).
Bc 3. p dng cng thc: P ( A ) =
n( A)
n( )
Loi 2. p dng cc nguyn tc tnh xc sut

Bc 1. Gi A l bin c cn tnh xc sut v Ai , (i = 1, n) l cc bin c lin quan n A sao cho:
Bin c A biu din c theo cc bin c Ai , (A1 , A2 , ..., An ).
Hoc xc sut ca cc bin c Ai tnh ton d dng hn so vi A.
Bc 2. Biu din bin c A theo cc bin c Ai .

Bc 3. Xc nh mi lin h gia cc bin c v p dng cc nguyn tc:
Nu A1 , A2 xung khc ( A1 A2 = ) P( A1 A2 ) = P( A1 ) + P( A2 ).
Nu A1 , A2 bt k P( A1 A2 ) = P( A1 ) + P( A2 ) P( A1 .A2 ).
Nu A1 , A2 c lp P( A1 .A2 ) = P( A1 ).P( A2 ).
Nu A1 , A2 i nhau P( A1 ) = 1 P( A2 ).
Lu . Du hiu chia ht
Gi N = an an 1 ...a1a0 l s t nhin c n + 1 ch s ( an 0 ) . Khi :
Du hiu chia ht cho 2, 5, 4, 25, 8 v 125 ca s t nhin N :
+ N 2 a0 2 a0 = {0; 2; 4; 6; 8} .
+ N 5 a0 5 a0 = {0; 5} .
+ N 4 ( hay 25 ) a1a0 4 ( hay 25 ) .
+ N 8 ( hay 125 ) a2 a1a0 8 ( hay 125 ) .
Du hin chia ht cho 3 v 9 : N 3 ( hay 9 ) ( a1 + .. + an ) 3 ( hay 9 ) .
Bi ton m v xc sut c in
BT 86. (A, A1 2014) T mt hp cha 16 th c nh s t 1 n 16, chn ngu nhin 4 th. Tnh
1
xc sut 4 th c chn u c nh s chn ?
S: P ( A ) =
26
Page - 124 -

BT 87. (A, A1 2013) Gi S l tp hp tt c cc s t nhin gm ba ch s phn bit c chn t cc

ch s 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7 . Xc nh s phn t ca S. Chn ngu nhin mt s t S, tnh xc
3
sut chn c l s chn ?
S: P ( A ) = .
7
BT 88. Gi X l tp hp cc s gm hai ch s khc nhau c ly t: 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6. Ly ngu
1
nhin 2 phn t ca X. Tnh xc sut hai s ly c u l s chn ? S: P ( A ) = .
3
BT 89. Cho E l tp hp cc s c ba ch s khc nhau ly t: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 . Chn ngu nhin 1 phn
1
t ca E. Tnh xc sut phn t c chn l s c ba ch s u chn. S: P ( A ) =
.
25
BT 90. Gi S l tt c cc s t nhin gm 2 ch s khc nhau lp t 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 . Chn ngu
5
nhin 2 s t tp S. Tch xc sut tch hai s c chn l s chn ?
S: P ( A ) = .
6
BT 91. E l tp cc s t nhin gm nm ch s khc nhau c lp t: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 . Ly ngu
13
nhin mt s trong E tnh xc sut ly c s chia ht cho 5 .
S: P ( A ) =
.
49
BT 92. Gi E l tp hp cc s t nhin c ba ch s i mt khc nhau lp t cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 .
Tp E c bao nhiu phn t ? Chn ngu nhin mt phn t ca E, tnh xc sut c chn chia
2
ht cho 3 ?
S: P ( A ) = .
5
BT 93. Gi X l tp hp cc s c tm ch s i mt khc nhau. Chn ngu nhin mt s t tp X.
1
Tnh xc sut chn c mt s thuc X v s chia ht cho 9 ?
S: P ( A ) = .
9
BT 94. C 30 tm th nh s t 1 n 30 . Chn ngu nhin ra 10 tm th. Hy tm xc sut c 5
tm th mang s l, 5 tm th mang s chn trong ch c ng 1 tm th mang s chia ht
99
cho 10 ?
S: P ( A ) =
.
667
BT 95. Cho tp hp X = {0;1; 2; 4; 5; 7; 8} . K hiu G l tp hp tt c cc s c bn ch s i mt khc
nhau ly t tp X , chia ht cho 5 . Tnh s phn t ca G. Ly ngu nhin mt s trong tp G,
6
tnh xc sut ly c mt s khng ln hn 4000 ?
S: P ( A ) = .
11
BT 96. T tp A = {0;1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6} lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chia ht cho 5, gm nm ch s
khc nhau m lun c mt cc ch s 1, 2, 3 v chng ng cnh nhau ? S: 66 .
BT 97. Gi S l tp hp tt c cc s t nhin gm bn ch s phn bit c chn t cc ch s:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 . Chn ngu nhin mt s t S, tnh xc sut s c chn ln hn s
6
S: P ( A ) = .
2014 ?
7
BT 98. T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, ..., 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn gm nm ch s khc
nhau i mt v ch s chnh gia lun l s 2 ?
S: 1218 .
BT 99. Cho tp hp X = {0;1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7} . C th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm nm ch s
khc nhau i mt t X, sao cho mt trong ba ch s u tin phi bng 1 . S: 2280 .
BT 100. Cho tp E = {1; 2; 3; 4; 5} . Vit ngu nhin ln bng hai s t nhin, mi s gm 3 ch s khc
12
25
BT 101. Cho tp A = {0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5} , t A c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s phn
nhau thuc E. Tnh xc sut trong hai s c ng mt s c ch s 5 . S: P =
bit m phi c ch s 0 v s 3 ?
S: 384.
BT 102. T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc
nhau v trong mi s c ng 2 ch s chn v 3 ch s l ?
S: 2592 .
Page - 125 -

BT 103. T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 lp cc s c 4 ch s khc nhau. Ly ngu nhin 1 s trong cc

3
s c lp, tnh xc sut s c ly c hai ch s chn, hai ch s l ? S: P ( A ) = .
5
BT 104. Gi E l tp hp s t nhin gm ba ch s phn bit c lp t cc s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 . Chn
ngu nhin hai s khc nhau thuc tp E. Tnh xc sut hai s c chn c ng mt s c
144
ch s 5 ?
S: P ( A ) =
.
295
BT 105. Cho A = {1; 23; 4; 5; 6} , B = {0;1; 2; 3; 4; 5} . C bao nhiu s gm su ch s phn bit sao cho:
BT 106.
BT 107.
BT 108.
BT 109.
BT 110.
BT 111.
BT 112.
BT 113.
BT 114.
BT 115.
a/ Hai ch s 1 v 6 khng ng cnh nhau c lp t tp A ?

S: 480 .
S: 192 .
b/ Ch s 2 ng cnh ch s 3 c lp t tp B ?
C bao nhiu s t nhin gm by ch s sao cho:
a/ Ch s 2 c mt ng hai ln, ch s 3 c mt ng ba ln v cc ch s cn li c mt
khng qu mt ln.
S: 11340 .
b/ Khc nhau v tng cc ch s ca mi s l mt s chn.
S: 45.10 5 .
Ngi ta vit ln cc tm ba, mi tm mt dy k t gm hai ch ci ng u v ba ch ci
ng sau, trong ch ci u tin c ly t tp hp {B, H, T, X}, ch ci th hai c ly
t tp hp {D, L, Q} v cc ch s i mt khc nhau c ly t tp hp {1, 2, 7, 8, 9} (mi
dy k t c vit trn mt tm ba}. Gi A l tp cc tm ba c vit dy dy k t nu
trn. Ly ngu nhin mt tm ba t A v t chy tm ba ny. Tnh xc sut tm ba b
t chy l tm c dy k t HD 981 hoc tm c phn t l TQ hay XL".
(B 2014) kim tra cht lng sn phm t cng ty sa, ngi ta gi n b phn kim
nghim 5 hp sa cam, 4 sa du v 3 sa nho. B phn kim nghim ly ngu nhin 3 hp
3
sa phn tch mu. Tnh xc sut 3 hp c chn c c 3 loi ?
S: P ( A ) =
11
Trong chic hp c 6 bi , 5 bi vng v 4 bi trng. Ly ngu nhin trong hp ra 4 vin bi.
43
Tnh xc sut trong 4 vin bi ly ra khng c ba mu ?
S: P =
91
Trong mt hp c 10 vin bi c bn knh khc nhau, 5 vin bi xanh c bn knh khc nhau
v 3 vin bi vng c bn knh khc nhau. Ly ngu nhin t hp ra 9 vin bi. Tnh xc
42910
sut 9 vin ly ra c c ba mu ?
S: P =
48620
Mt ngn hng thi gm c 20 cu hi. Mi thi gm c 4 cu c ly ngu nhin t
ngn hng thi. Th sinh A hc thuc 10 cu trong ngn hng thi. Tm xc sut th
229
.
sinh A rt ngu nhin c mt thi c t nht 2 cu hc thuc ? S: P ( X ) =
323
Mt lp c 20 nam sinh v 15 n sinh. Gio vin gi ngu nhin 4 hc sinh ln bng gii bi
4615
tp. Tnh xc sut 4 hc sinh c gi c c nam v n ?
S: P =
.
5236
Cn chn ngu nhin 5 hc sinh trong mt lp hc c 15 nam v 10 n tham gia ng
din. Tnh xc sut sao cho 5 hc sinh c chn c c nam ln n v s hc sinh n t hn s
325
hc sinh nam ?
S: P ( A ) =
.
506
Trong k thi th TN THPT QG ln I nm 2015 ti TT LTH i hc Ngoi Thng c 13
hc sinh t im 9,0 mn Ton, trong khi 12 c 8 hc sinh nam v 3 hc sinh n, khi
11 c 2 hc sinh nam. Chn ngu nhin 3 hc sinh bt k trao thng, tnh xc sut
57
S: P =
trong 3 hc sinh chn c c nam v n, c c khi 11 v khi 12 .
0,199.
286
Mt nhm gm 10 hc sinh trong c 7 nam v 3 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp 10
em trn thnh 1 hng dc sao cho 7 hc sinh nam ng lin nhau ?
S: 120960 cch.
Page - 126 -

BT 116. Trong gi Th dc, t I lp 12 A c 12 hc sinh gm 7 hc sinh nam v 5 hc sinh n tp

trung ngu nhin theo mt hng dc. Tnh xc sut ngi ng u hng v cui hng
7
u l hc sinh nam ?
S: P ( A ) =
.
22
BT 117. Mt t hc sinh c 4 em n v 5 em nam c xp thnh mt hng dc. Tnh xc sut ch
c hai em n A , B ng cnh nhau, cn cc em n cn li khng ng cnh nhau v cng
5
khng ng cnh A , B .
S: P =
63
BT 118. Mt t hc sinh c 5 em n v 8 em nam c xp thnh mt hng dc. Tnh xc sut
14
khng c hai em n no ng cnh nhau ?
S: P =
143
BT 119. Mt hp c 5 vin bi , 3 vin bi vng v 4 vin bi xanh. Hi c bao nhiu cch ly ra 4 vin
bi, trong s bi ln hn s bi vng ?
S: 275 .
BT 120. Trong mt l hng c 12 sn phm khc nhau, trong c ng 2 ph phm. Ly ngu nhin
6 sn phm t l hng . Hy tnh xc sut trong 6 sn phm c ly ra c khng qu
17
mt ph phm ?
S: P =
.
22
BT 121. (D 2014) Cho mt a gic u n nh, n v n 3. Tm n bit rng a gic cho c 27
ng cho ?
S: n = 9.
BT 122. Cho a gic li n cnh vi n v n 4. Hi c bao nhiu ng cho trong a gic li ?
Tm n bit s giao im ca cc ng cho trong a gic l 70.
S: Cn2 n, n = 8.
BT 123. Cho hai ng thng a v b song song vi nhau . Trn ng thng a c 5 im phn bit v
trn ng thng b c 10 im phn bit. Hi c th to c bao nhiu tam gic c cc nh
l cc im trn hai ng thng a v b cho ?
S: 325 .
BT 124. Trong khng gian cho hai ng thng a v b song song vi nhau. Trn mi ng thng ly
5 im cch u nhau mt khong bng x. Hi c th thnh lp c bao nhiu hnh bnh
hnh to thnh t 10 im trn ?
S: 30.
BT 125. Cho d1 // d2 , trn ng thng d1 c 10 im phn bit, trn ng thng d2 c n im phn
bit (n 2). Bit c 2800 tam gic c nh l cc im cho. Tm n ?
S: n = 20 .
BT 126. Cho a gic u A1 A2 A3 ...A2 n (n nguyn) ni tip ng trn (O). Bit rng s tam gic c
cc nh l 3 trong 2n im A1 A2 A3 ...A2 n nhiu gp 20 ln s hnh ch nht c cc nh l 4
S: n = 8 .
trong 2n im A1 A2 A3 ...A2n . Tm n ?
+
BT 127. Cho a gic u 2n nh (n 2, n ). Gi a l s ng cho ca a gic v b l s hnh ch

nht c bn nh l nh ca a gic. Tm n bit 6 a = 23b ?
S: n = 13 .
Cng thc xc sut

BT 128. C ba x th cng bn vo tm bia. Xc sut trng ch ln lt l: 0, 6; 0, 7 v 0, 8 . Tnh xc
sut c t nht mt ngi bn trng bia.
S: P ( A ) = 0,976 .
BT 129. Nam v Hi thi u vi nhau 1 trn bng bn, ai thng trc 3 sc th thng trn. Xc sut Hi
thng mi sc l 0,4 (khng c sc ha). Tnh xc sut Hi thng trn ? S: P = 0, 31744 .
BT 130. Mt nhm x th gm c 10 ngi trong c 3 x th loi I v 7 x th loi II. Xc sut bn
trng ch trong mi ln bn ca mt x th loi I v loi II ln lt l 0,9 v 0,8. Chn ngu
nhin mt x th trong 10 ngi v cho bn mt vin n. Hy tnh xc sut vin n
trng ch ?
S: P = 0,83 .
BT 131. C ba l hng. Ngi ta ly ngu nhin t mi l hng mt sn phm. Bit rng xc sut
c mt sn phm c cht lng tt tng l hng ln lt l 0, 5; 0,6; 0,7. Tnh xc sut
trong ba sn phm ly ra c t nht mt sn phm c cht lng tt ?
S: P = 0,94 .
Page - 127 -

BT 132. Mt hp cha 11 bi c nh s t 1 n 11. Chn 6 bi mt cch ngu nhin, ri cng cc s

118
trn 6 bi c rt ra vi nhau. Tnh xc sut kt qu thu c l s l ? S: P =
231
BI TP RN LUYN
BT 133. Trn gi sch c ba loi sch Ton hc, Vt l, Ha hc, trong c 8 quyn sch Ton hc, 7
quyn sch Vt l v 5 quyn sch Ha hc (cc quyn sch khc nhau). Hi c bao nhiu
cch chn 6 quyn sch trong cc quyn sch trn sao cho mi loi c t nht 1quyn sch ?
BT 134. Cho tp A tt c cc s t nhin c 5 ch s m cc ch s u khc 0 . Hi c th ly c
bao nhiu s t nhin t tp A m s ch c mt ba ch s khc nhau ?
BT 135. Trong mt hp c 8 vin bi xanh v 6 vin bi trng, chn ngu nhin 5 vin bi. Tnh xc sut
5 vin bi c chn c c bi xanh v bi trng ?
BT 136. Mt ngi cn gi in thoi qun 3 ch s cui cng ca s in thoi cn gi. Ngi ny
ch nh rng 3 ch s u khc nhau v trong 3 ch s chc chn mt ch s l 8 .
Tnh xc sut ngi gi in bm s mt ln ng c s in thoi cn gi ?
BT 137. Mt hp cha 5 bi xanh, 7 bi , 8 bi vng. Ly ngu nhin 8 vin bi t hp. Tnh xc sut
8 vin bi c ly ra c 3 mu ?
BT 138. T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 lp cc s chn c 4 ch s i mt khc nhau. Ly ngu nhin
mt s va lp. Tnh xc sut ly c mt s ln hn 2013 ?
BT 139. Tp A gm tt c cc s t nhin c ba ch s i mt khc nhau lp t {1;2; 3; 4; 5} . Chn

ngu nhin mt s thuc A. Tm xc sut s c chn l s chn ?
BT 140. Mt hp c 15 vin bi, trong c 7 vin bi xanh v 8 vin bi . Ly ngu nhin 3 vin bi .
Tnh xc sut trong 3 vin bi ly ra c t nht mt vin bi ?
BT 141. C 10 hc sinh lp A, 9 hc sinh lp B v 8 hc sinh lp C. Chn ngu nhin 5 hc sinh.
Tnh xc sut sao cho lp no cng c hc sinh c chn v c t nht 2 hc sinh lp A ?
BT 142. Gi X l tp hp cc s gm hai ch s khc nhau c ly t cc ch s: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 . Ly
ngu nhin ng thi hai phn t ca X. Tnh xc sut hai s ly c u l s chn ?
BT 143. Mt thy gio c 12 quyn sch i mt khc nhau, trong c 5 quyn sch Ton, 4 quyn
sch Vt l v 3 quyn sch Ha hc. ng mun ly ra 6 quyn em tng cho 6 hc sinh:
A, B, C, D, E, F mi em mt quyn. Tnh xc sut sau khi tng sch xong mi loi trong
ba loi Ton, Vt l, Ha hc u cn li t nht mt quyn ?
BT 144. Chn ngu nhin mt s t tp cc s t nhin c ba ch s khc nhau v khc 0 . Tnh xc
sut s c chn l s chia ht cho 3 ?
BT 145. Mt hp cha 30 bi trng, 7 bi v 15 bi xanh. Mt hp khc cha 10 bi trng, 6 bi v
9 bi xanh. Ly ngu nhin t mi hp bi mt vin bi. Tm xc sut hai bi ly ra cng mu ?
BT 146. Cho hai ng thng song song d1, d2 . Trn d1 ly 17 im phn bit, trn d2 ly 20 im
phn bit. Tnh s tam gic c cc nh l 3 im trong s 37 im chn trn d1 v d2 .
BT 147. Cho mt phng cho a gic u H c 20 cnh. Xt cc tam gic c ba nh c ly t cc

nh ca H.
a/ C tt c bao nhiu tam gic nh vy ? C bao nhiu tam gic c 2 cnh l cnh ca H.
b/ C bao nhiu tam gic c ng mt cnh l cnh ca H ? C bao nhiu tam gic khng c
cnh no l cnh ca H ?
BT 148. C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 7 ch s, bit rng ch s 2 c mt ng 2 ln, ch s 3 c
mt ng 3 ln v cc ch s cn li c mt khng qu mt ln.
BT 149. Cho tp A = {0;1; 2; 3;...; 9} . T tp A c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s
phn bit nh hn 60000 v chia ht cho 5 .
BT 150. Cho cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 . Gi X l tp cc s t nhin c 3 ch s phn bit lp t nm ch
s , ly ngu nhin mt s t X. Tnh xc sut ca bin c ly c mt s chia ht cho 3 .
Page - 128 -

Chuyen de 6. To Hop, Xac Suat, Nhi Thuc Newotn PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chuyen de 6. To Hop, Xac Suat, Nhi Thuc Newotn PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

www.MATHVN.

com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

T T. HONG GIA 56 Ph Ch, Tn Thnh, Tn Ph: 0988985600

T HP XC SUT NH THC NEWTON

I. Kin thc c bn cn nm vng

( a + b)n = Cnk .an k .b k = Cn0 an + Cn1 an 1b + Cn2 an 2 b2 + + Cnn 1 abn 1 + Cnn bn .

Nhn xt trong khai trin nh thc:

(1 x)n = Cn0 xn Cn1 xn 1 + +( 1)n Cnn Cn0 Cn1 + + ( 1)n Cnn = 0.

II. Tm h s hoc s hng tha mn iu cho trc

Tm s hng khng cha x (c lp vi x) trong khai trin ca nh thc:

Tm h s ca s hng M v cho bit l s hng th my trong khai trin nh thc:

Bin son: Ths. L Vn on 0933.755.607

www.MATHVN.com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

T T. HONG GIA 56 Ph Ch, Tn Thnh, Tn Ph: 0988985600

m) (2 x + 1)4 + (2 x + 1)5 + (2 x + 1)6 + (2 x + 1)7 .

Tm h s ca s hng th n trong khai trin nh thc, ng vi cc trng hp sau:

Tm h s ca mt s hng hoc tm mt s hng (dng c iu kin)

b) Tm h s ca x4 trong khai trin biu thc x 3 , x 0, bit n l s t nhin tha mn

h thc: Cnn46 + n.An2 = 454 ?

, x 0, bit rng n l s t nhin

. Tm cc s thc x , bit rng s hng cha a 3 trong khai

trin Newton: ( a + b) bng 224 .

v Cn1 + Cn3 = 2Cn2 .

g) Cho khai trin: (1 + 2 x)n = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + ... + an x n vi n . Bit rng a3 = 2014 a2 .

www.MATHVN.com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

T T. HONG GIA 56 Ph Ch, Tn Thnh, Tn Ph: 0988985600

i) Cho n + v a , b , (b > 0). Bit trong khai trin nh thc Newton

k) Cho n l s nguyn dng tha mn iu kin: 6Cnn+11 = An2 + 160 . Tm h s ca x7 trong

khai trin: (1 2 x 3 )(2 + x)n ?

m) Tm h s ca x trong khai trin: P = x(1 2 x) + x (1 + 3 x) , bit rng An2 Cnn+11 = 5 .

n) Cho P( x) = ( x + 1)10 ( x + 2) = x11 + a1 x10 + a2 x9 + .. + a10 x + a11 . Tm a5 ?

bao nhiu s hng ?

Vit P( x) = ( a + bx p + cxq )n = a + ( bx p + cx q ) = Cnk a n k ( bx p + cx q )k = Cnk an k C ki ( bx p )k i .(cxq )i

Tm h s ca s hng M v cho bit l s hng th my trong khai trin nh thc:

Tm h s ca mt s hng hoc tm mt s hng (dng c iu kin)

b) Cho P ( x ) = ( x + x 2 ) , x 0. Xc nh s hng khng ph thuc vo x khi khai trin

P( x) bit n tha: Cn3 + 2n = An2+1 .

www.MATHVN.com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

T T. HONG GIA 56 Ph Ch, Tn Thnh, Tn Ph: 0988985600

d) Cho khai trin nh thc: (1 2 x + x 3 )n = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a3 n x 3n . Xc nh h s a6 , bit

e) Cho: (1 + 2 x)10 (3 + 4 x + 4 x 2 )2 = ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a14 x14 . Tm a6 ?

f) Tm h s ca x10 trong khai trin Newton: + x + 1 .( x + 2)3n vi n l s t nhin tha

mn iu kin: An3 + Cnn 2 = 14n .

3) Khai trin (axp + bxq )n ; (a + bxp + cx q )n kt hp tnh tng n gin

S m ca a gim dn v s m ca b tng dn. Nu trong biu thc khng c s m tng hoc

Bit tng cc h s trong khai trin (1 + x 2 )n l 1024. Tm h s ca x12 ?

Tm h s ca x6 trong khai trin + x 3 , vi n l s nguyn dng v bit rng tng cc h

s trong khai trin bng 1024 ?

Tm h s ca s hng cha x trong khai trin P ( x ) = 3 + x 5 vi x > 0 . Bit n tha mn

trong khai trin nh thc (2 + x) , bit rng n l s nguyn dng tha mn

Cn1 + 3n 2 Cn2 3n 3 Cn3 + ... + ( 1) Cnn = 2048 .

BT 15. Tm h s x trong khai trin (1 + x + 2 x ) , bit n l s nguyn dng tha mn iu kin:

BT 16. Hy tm h s ca x trong khai trin: P( x) = (1 2 x + 4 x ) .

Bin son: Ths. L Vn on 0933.755.607

www.MATHVN.com - Ton Hc Vit Nam

T T. HONG GIA 56 Ph Ch, Tn Thnh, Tn Ph: 0988985600

4) Tm h s ln nht trong khai trin (a + bx)n .

thnh ao + a1 x + a2 x 2 + + a11 x11 . Hy tm k h s ak ln nht v

tnh n ? (0 k 11, k : nguyn)

5) Tm s hng hu t ( hoc s hng l s nguyn) trong khai trin (a + b)n .

Xt khai trin ( a + b)n c s hng tng qut: Cnk an k b k = Cnk . p . q vi , l cc s hu t. S

tha mn iu kin: ( Pn ) .Cnn .C2nn .C3nn = P27 .

S: C93 33.21 v C99 2 3.