.

A I

,,
1973

48

_
^>1 ~~
_
P2 ~

1 kgr*
= 5 k g r* /c m 2
0,2 cm 2
2 kgr*
= 10 k g r* /c m 2
0,2 cm 2
3 kgr*
= 15 k g r* /c m 2
Pa = 0,2 cm 2
10 kgr*

Pio 0,2 cm 2 = 50 k g r* /c m 2
, ( F )
( ),
A ( . 1 ).
106.
,
10 kgr* 10 cm 2 200 cm 2.

= F/S. ' S
10, 20, 30, . . . 200 cm2, :
10 kgr*
Pl = ^ o

= lk g r

P3 ;

2 =

/cm

10 kgr*
30 cm 2

10 kgr*
= 0,5 k g r* /c m 2
20 cm 2

0,33 k g r* /cm :

p S

' * =
^ 0'05 kgr*/cm2
, ( S .) ( ),
( . 2 ).

107.
, 200 gr*, . 0,01 m m 2, .

F = 0,2 kgr*.
S = -4 cm2. :
== " =

10

cm2

= 2000 kgr* /cm2

108.
,
5000 d y n /c m 2 ; : : 13,6 gr*/cm *. : 1 g r* /c m s.
: 0,8 g r* /c m 3.

, h, :
= h
. * h cm gr*/cms, gr*/cm2,
:
= h cm

= h gr*/cm3

(t)

49

1 gr* = 981 dyn. = 5000 d yn /c m 2

g r* /cm 2 :
_

5000 d y n /c m 2
= 5,097 g r* /c m 2
981 d y n /g r*

( 1 ) h , . :
) :

h=JL

5097 gr*/cm2

13,6 g r* /c m a

h = 0,37 cm = 3,7 mm

) :
^ __ 5,097 g r* /c m 2
1 g r* /c m 3

h = 5,097 cm

h = 6,37 cm

) :
5,097 g r* /c m 2
0.8 g r* /c m 3

109. cm H g , 1,36 m.
: = h . /j , h = 136 cm :
= 136 cm 1 g r* /c m 3 = 136 g r* /c m 2
= 13,6 g r* /cm 3. , h lf :
_ 136 g r* /c m 2
13,6 gr* /cm 3

h A= 10 cm

110. , = 16 cm 2 = 8 cm 2. . h = 5 cm.
.
, 304 gr*,
, . 1) ,
, ,
. 2) ,
, 304 gr* .

1 ) :
304 gr*

P = T 6 ^ = 19g r*/Cm2
, ,
: = 19 gr*/cm 2.
x :
=

19 gr*/cm 2

1 g r* /cm 3

= 19 cm
*

2 ) , , = 304 cm 3
. h A= 5 cm VA= 16 cm 2 5 cm =
= 80 cm3. 2 = 304 80 = 224 cm 3.
h 2, : h 2 = - =

224 cm 3
8 cm 2

28 cm.

:
=

hi +

h2

hoX = 5 cm - f 28 cm = 33 cm
4

50

', :
' = h o x = 33 cm 1 gr*/cm 3
' = 33 gr*/cm 2
" :
X =

= 83 cm

111. U .
.
0,8 gr*/cm 3. 5 cm.
;

' ( . 1 ). " ,
= h x = 5 cm. ( ) ,
'
.
1
, :

= 0,8 gr*/cm 3

2 = 1 gr*/cm 2

W$

hi

H --h-

' :

A'
B'

= hi == h 2 2
h 2
'. :
: hi

,2

= 5 cm 0,8 gr*/cmr
h.
'

: 4 cm

1 gr*/cm3

, . \
,
' = X. .
. " ,
, I V, :
V =
II
' . '
:
V = '
, I. "
, :
= '

= '
(1 )
(1
' '
( ). ' ,
:
= ''
(2 )
( 1 ) ( 2 ) :
'
h2
2
2
' = x :
' =

= -

' =

4 cm
2

= 2 cm

51

.
.
, ,
,
.
112.
U .
, 1,84 g r* /cm 8, 20
cm, ,
.
.

I , h x = 20 cm.
II ( . 1 ). ' ',
X, h 2
'.
, '
.
:
:
:
:

= 1,84 gr*/cm 3
2 = 13,6 gr*/cm 3
= 1 gr*/cm 3

:
hi = h 2 2 +

(1 )

, h 2
X. :
+ h2= hx

h 2 = h x x

( 1 ) :

. 1.

hi * = ( h ! ) 2 +
" :
:

= 20 cm

= hi

( 1 3 ,6 - 1 ,8 4 ) gr* /cm 3
(13,6 1) g r* /cm 3

= 18,67 cm

113.
120 m.
, , ; : 1,03 gr* /cm 8.

h == 120 m :
:
= 12 000 cm 1,03 gr*/cm 8

= h

= 12 360 gr*/cm 2 = 12,36 a t

", , ,
. : = 12,36 a t
114.
90 cm 2 10 cm 2.
, ,
.
. ,
20 c m ;

52

. = ' = 1 0 cm. To
, , 6
, h ( . 1 ).

= 20 cm.
:
13,6 gr*/cm 3

: = 13,6 h
h
1 g r* /c m 3

'

'

'

V = 90 cm2 cm = 90 cm3
, :
' ' = h x
, ^ :
90 = 10 ( h )

h = 10 x

= 136

= 20 cm, :
h =

136 10 = 20

cm

cm

:
= 136 X =

136 10
1360
63
m = ~63^ Cm

:
= 90 cm2 cm

Vt =

90 cm2 1360 cm
63

1943 cm 3

115. 3 cm 2, 1,8 d m 2. 4 kgr*.

;

S = 3 cm 2, :
S = 1,8 dm 2 = 180 cm 2. f = 4 kgr*
:
= 4

= ^

kgr* /cm

.
F, :
F = S
1

F = - | - ? 180 cm*
3 cm 2

F = 240 kgr*

116. , 100 cm 2,
. |
.
S = 100 cm 2. , , S :
= 1 dm 3 = 1000 cm 3

540. . Sx = 4 cm 2,
S2 = 1 cm 2.

h i = 15 cm. 80 cm /sec,
h 2 .
( . 1) Sx = 4 cm 2, '
S2 = 1 cm 2.
2 = 80 cm /sec. :
Sj = S , u ,

Spa

1 = ,

:
1 cm2
ux = 80 cm /sec

= 20 cm /sec

= 1 g r/cm 3.
:
Pi = hiPg

2 = h 2pg
Bernoulli :
. 1
2
1
2

Pi + - y pwi = 2 +

- *

. 1.

:
- Ps = -S-P(wa

(V

' h2 ) Pg =

~~

(ua

wi )

* h 2 :
h 2 = hx-

( )
2g

h 2 = 15 cm

h 2 = 11,94 cm

802 202 ) ( cm /sec '

2 981 cm /sec2

541. , 540 S
, h x 15 cm, h 2 .
( . 1 ) :
= h xpg

2 = h 2pg

2= 0

h 2 = 0. Bernoulli :
Pi + \

P^! = Pi + ~ ~ puj

2hlg +

Pi +

i_ |.

= 2

:
Sx Vi = S2 u2

= u2

Sx = 4 cm2 S2 = 1 cm2, :
1 cm 2
Ui = u2
Spa
4 cm 2

1
2
-pu2
2

2
Sx
v

309

( 1 ), :
.+
2 :
/ 32 hjg
=

15

15
16

2hxg :

"

-/32~ 15 cm 981 cm /sec2

^ 1

2=

15

2
2

u2 = 177,2 cm /sec

' : : = 2/4 = 44,3 cm /sec.

542. " 25 cm2.
60 cm /sec 0,4 kgr*/cm 2. ,
5 cm2. .

, Sx= 25 cm 2
S2 == 5 cm2. , , = 60 cm /sec
= 400 gr* /cm 2 = 400 981 d y n /cm 2.
2 2. :
Si = S2 u2

u2 = ua

:
25 cm 2
u2 ux - ^ em2 = ^ui

ua = 5. 60 cm /sec

fo2

u2 = 800 cm /sec

Bernoulli :
1
2
. 1
Pi + pui = p a +
,
Pt = Pi +

1
/ #2
2
Pa = Pi + - 2 - P ( wi w,

- p ( v i - - 25u? )

p 2 = Pi 12pUi

2 = 400 981 dy n /cm 2 12 1 gr/cm 8 602 cm 2/sec2

p 2 = 349 200 dy n /cm 2

p a = 356 gr*/cm 2

543. , Sx S2, .

.
: Sx/S a = 3 = 1 /800 gr/cm 8.
Sx , S2 2 2.
Bernoulli :
:
Bernoulli :

Sx ux = S2 u2
1
1

Pi +

( 1 ) :

(1 )
-

= p a + pu2

u2 = ux ~~
b2

(2) 6 = 2 :
= * = - | - ( ? )

A p ^ i p u j f d l - ) 8- ! ]

u?

v* j

310

g
.
:

= 3

= -

800

800

g r/c m 3.

3a 1 )

200

d y n /c m 2

544. .
,
;

,
,
. B ernoulli.
, .
, ,

. r
.
545. , ,
.
0,1 k g r* /c m a. ;

R x R 2 .
:
Sx = u R j

S2 =

Sx S2 2,

/ 2. : R 2 =

S2
=
52

R?

Si ux = S2 u2
Rl

u2

TrRj v x = '

u2 = 4u!

1
1
2
Bernoulli : p x -f- pux = 2 ^
:

Pi

, = ] / 2 (11 7>

Ps 2 (

15 p

! Pa = - ( 16\J*

15

! , = - ,

u, ^ V 2^
y

:-f 1 /dyn/ Cm2^

15 1 g r/c m 8

ui = 114 cm/sec

546.
3000 m, 8,87 10 4
g r/c m 3. P ito t 4,78 cm Hg.
;

311

P ito t ( . 1 )
,
= 0. , ,
. Bernoulli :
+

-^

0.

u _ / 2 (-'
^

= +

- = *

>

,, _ / 2 4,78 13,6 981 d y n / ^

*
8,87 10~4gr/cm3

u 12 103urn/sec

u = 432 km/h

547. , , ,
5 cm 2 10 m
. , 0,80
, ; g = 10 m /sec2.
Toricelli u ,
3 h , ,
, h.
:

= l/2 g

u = f 2 3 cm /sec2 103 cm

u = 103 f2 cm /sec

S = 0,80 5 cm2 = 4 cm 2.
t = 60 sec V , :
V = S vt

V = 4 c m 2 - 10s y2 c m / s e c - 6 0 s e c
V = 3384 2 cm3/m in
V = 338,4 dm8/min
548. 20 m/sec.
;
1 m3 m = 103 kgr = 20 m /sec.
:
W == ~

mu2

W =

3 kgr 202 ( m /sec )2

W = 200 000 Joule

:
W = 20 000 kgr*m
549.
, 10 cm2. ,
2 cm 2.
24 gr*/cm 2.
;
Sx = 10 cm2,
S2 = 2 cm 2. , 2
u*, 2. :
Sj

= S2 u2

u2 =

Uj

Si

S8

10 cm2
= 5uj
2 em!

312

Bernoulli :
+

= Pa +

Pi Pa = - |~ P (25 uj )

Pi Pa = ^ - ( Wa ! )
2 = 12

" :
Ui =

, - r V 1^M i dgr/cm
y n / c 8

12 p

ux = 44,3 cm /sec

u2 :
2 = 5 = 5 44,3 cm /sec

u2 = 221,5 cm /sec

V , :
V = = S 1 /

V = 10 cm 2 44,3 cm /sec

V = 443 cm3/sec

550. 2 ,
3,60 m .
,
8 kgr*/cm 2.
h = 360 cm
. u , Toricelli, .
u = f2 g h
S,
V = 2 dm8. :
V = S u

V = S f2gh
(1 )
p = 8 k g r* /cm 2
h ' :

8000 gr*/cm2
1 gr*/cm8

h' = 8000 cm

' h'.
= h + h ',

:
Vi = f2 g h i

Ux = f 2 g { h + h ' )

V t = S ,

9 6

V, = S

( h + h' )

(2 )

(1 ) ( 2), :

Vi

/+

Vx = 2 dm8/sec

8360 cm
360 cm

= 9,64 dm8/sec

551. ,
2,50 cm 5 m ;
= 2,50 cm S = 2/4.
h = 500 cm . ,
Toricelli, :
u = /2 g h

313

V = S u=

l/2gh

V=

---- cm2 1/2 981 cm/sec2 500 cm

= 4853 cm8/sec = 4,853 dm8/sec

:
Vx = 4,853 dm3/sec 60 sec

Vj = 291,18 dm3/min

552. ,
25 at ;
Bernoulli

1 2 , :
1
2 = .

. " :
= - i - 2

: = 25 kgr*/cm 2. " : ~ 25 10 d y n /cm 2.

= 1 gr/cm 3. " u :

2 25 6 dyn/cm2
-------r gr/ci^,

&.. -,
,
= 5 10-/2 cm/sec

u = 7050 cm/sec = 70,50 m/sec

553. 1400 7 m
, 3 at. ;
Bernoulli
m , m
, :

muj + mghx + Pi =

mua + mgh2 + p 2

(1 )

, v l9 h 1} 2, h 2, 2 , ,
. ( 1)
. = 14 10 cm3 h = 700 cm
= 3 kgr*/cm 2. ( \ ),
, , . " :
W 0x = mgh + p

m , = 14 10 cm8, m = 14 10
gr. g ~ 8 cm/sec2, = 3 6 dyn/cm2.
:

14 10gr
Wo = 14 10 gr 8 cm/sec2 700 cm + 3 10 dyn/cm2 ^ gr/cm8

W o\ =

518 1010 erg

W 0\

= 518 000 Joule

W<a 51 800 kgr*m

314

: ( 1 ) m /p,
:

Pui + hlP + Pi = - PU2+ h2Pg + 2

2 )

( 2) .
( 1 ) mg, :
h2+
2g
( 3) .

(3 )

Pg

554. 30 m.
60 m 3/min. ,
10 m/sec. ;
;
60 000 kgr
= 1000 kgr /sec.
m = 60 sec
, h = 30 m
W , h, :
W = mgh

W = 3 kgr /sec 9,81 m /sec2 30 m

W = 294,3 103 Joule /sec

, = 10 m /sec
m, ,
W l5 :
W i =

y m mu2
u 4

1
W
Wix =
2 3 kgr /sec (10 m /sec ]
W 1=

50 103 Joule/sec

W W j. :
WT :W W,
:

A =-

Wt ^
W ~

\ 244,3 3 Joule /sec

244,3 3 Joule/sec
= 0,83
294,3 103 Joule/sec

A = 88%

:
= 244,3 3 W a tt

= 244,8 kW

555. , 16 cm2,
* = 1/800 gr/cm 3, 10 m/sec,
G = 1,3 C.G.S.
; (1 gr* = 1000 d y n ).
u = 3 cm /sec. F :
- F = ' C - - $ *

406

714.
10 tn*.
,
8 kgr*/cm 2 ;

F = 10 000 kgr* , S
F = 8 kgr* /cm 2. = F /S
:
F _ 10 000 kgr*

S = 1250 cm 2
8 kgr* /cm 2
715.
, 5000 kgr*/cm 2.
, 80 tn* ;

5000 kgr* /cm 2.

, F = 80 000 kgr*
, = 500 kgr* /cm 2.
S :
F_ _ 80 000 kgr*
~ 500 kgr*/cm 2

S = 160 cm2

716.
4 at.
4 , 14 m
;

: 0 = 4 a t = 4 kgr* /cm 2.
: = 0,001 kgr* /cm 3. h = 14 m = 1400 cm
:
= sh 4 kgr*/cm 2 ( 0,001 kgr*/cm 3 1400 cm )

p = 2,6 kgr*/cm 2 = 2,6 at

717.
, 2000 kgr*, ,
80 cm2 12 cm 2. , 20 %
;

Sx = 12 cm 2 S2 = 80 cm 2.
F 2 = 2000 kgr*. ,
F x :
Fj = F2

= 2000 kgr* 4 1 - !*1

F , = 300 kgr*
S2

80 cm8
, F x
:
F i = Fx ~

= 300 kgr*

F[ =

876 kgr*

718.
,
.
; : 0,65 gr*/cm 3, 7,9 gr*/cm 3.

V x V2,
ex 2. :
: = ( 1 )
: 2 = 2 22
(2 )

455

: :
R + h = 6 370 km +

900 km = 7 270 km

R -f 2h 6 370 km -f- 1 800 km = 8 170 km

R + h = 727 106 cm
R + 2h = 817 10e cm

( 1 ) ( 2 ) :

v.=y.6,66

6 27 gr
666 60
cm /sec
- =
10 5 " | / 727 6 cm
727
7,414 5 cm /sec
7,414 km /sec

10

dyn cm 2/g r2

:
666 60

cm /sec = 6,993 10s cm /sec

u2 ~ 7 km /sec

:
2 T rL
(R+
h)
u, = ----!---- L

Ug =

2 ( R + -----2h )L

.
11
2

_ 2 ( R + h )
2 ( R + 2h )
u2

2 7 270 km
11

Ti = 6160 sec ~ 111 42 min 40 sec

2=

2 8 170 km
7 km /sec

T 2 = 7 840 sec ^ 2 h

7,414 km /sec

0 m in 20 sec

AJEPOZ

811. . 10 m, 2 m 1,2 m/sec. ,

12 m, 0,5 m /sec ;

: Si = 20 m 2 S2 = 15x rn2, .
:
= 1,2 m /sec
u2 0,5 m/sec. :

Si Ui = S2

S2 = Si = 20 m2
'2

48 m2
15m

1,2 m /sec
0,5 m /sec

S2 48 m2

8,2 m

812. , 0,5 m ;
, S = 30 m m 2,
S' = 0,64 S ; .
Torricelli u :
u = V2g h

u = V2 9,81 m /sec2 0,5 m

u = 8,13 m /sec

: S' = 0,64-0,3 cm 2 = 0,192 cm 2. 6 V :

V = S' u

= 0,192 cm 2 313 cm /sec

= 60 cm 3/sec

456

813.
, = 6 cm, Reynolds N R = 2300.
, = 1,1 10 3

ksrr

------- , ( )
sec
.
, , uKp ,
,
:
% s

.
:
*
2 300 1,1 10 8 k g r/(m sec)

% =
6 10
m 103 k g r/m 3

= 421 10 2 m /sec
(
) :
Y = S . ,

2
V=

~ 118 - 6 m3/sec

.* 36 m 2 4.21 10 2 m /sec

4 4

= 0,118 /sec

814. 60 m 2,

sec2
. 64,8 kgr*.
m kgr *
) po ,
5500 m,
: = 0/ 2 ; )
5500 m 11 000 m, : = 0/4 ; g = 10 m /sec2.
Po == 1,23 k g r/m 3.
M.K.S. G = 1,35

) = 648 . 5500 ,
= 0/2, :
=

C S =
2 648

% = V - 1,35 60 m /sec

) 5500 m :
4
4
m /s e c :
V p / 2

-1 /

16_
m /sec

2
C .S

II

m /sec

u == 5,1 m /sec

m /sec:

u == 7,8 m /sec

m/sec

V o , 615

11 000 m :
4

Vpo/4

,
m /s e c :

4
V 0 , 3075

815.
200 kgr .
3 30'. ) , ;