Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Chapter 16

The Citric Acid Cycle

Discovered CAC in Pigeon Flight Muscle Overall Picture

Pyr DH is a Complex of Enzymes Remember HSCoA ?

1
 Lipoic Acid is linked to a Lys (K) Pyr DH in TEM

One Unit of Pyr DH

produces One Unit of Ac-SCoA

Input (2C) Citrate Synthase

Acceptor (4C) First Molecule
(6C)

Convention to write
incoming Acetyl on
Top

2
Citrate Synthase without Substrates Citrate Synthase with Substrates

Aconitase, the Ferris Wheel

αKG DH is Just Like Pyr DH

Isocitrate DH

Error

Mn++ cofactor

3
Succinyl CoA Synthetase : Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Succ Synthetase
Rxn

Succinate DH = Old Yellow Remember Malonate was Our First Competitive

Inhibitor

Fumarase Don’t Confuse Malate and Maleate

4
 Malate DH is Endothermic Watch Where the Label Goes

Citrate is Prochiral

So Acetyl Portion does not get oxidized to CO2 Until the

Second Round

And it gets randomized at Succinate

5
 CAC in Anaerobic Not-Respiratory Organisms This is Why

Biosynthetic
Products: aa’s,
N-tides, and
Gluconeogenesis

Overall Biosynthesis lowers conc of OAA…slows CAC!

What to Do ?

Biological Tethers

Regulation in CAC Pathway Proteins Form Functional Units but It’s

Concentration Dependent

6
 Pathways are Protein Modules CAC in Anaerobic Not-Respiratory Organisms

Flagella
LPS
Outer Membrane
Peptidoglycan
ATPase
Cytoplasmic
Membrane
Glycolysis
RNA

In Animals CAC can not be used for In Bacteria and Plants, Not Vertebrates
Gluconeogensis from Ac-SCoA
Overall:
D, N, L, K,
M, T, I 2 Ac-SCoA Î Succinate

Porphrins:
NADH and FADH2
heme
(cytochromes, E, Q, P, R
hemoglobin), Oxaloacetate
chlorophyll CAC

Glyoxylate Cycle in Plants in a Membane Body Linkage to Gluconeogenesis

7
Regulation
Linkage