MCQ 1 Sperm Retrieval Techniques

Which of the following is correct with regard to azoospermia:

a) obstructive azoospermia (OA) have normal spermatogenesis and a
mechanical block somewhere between the epididymis and the
ejaculatory duct. Common causes of OA include vasectomy, postinfectious diseases and congenital conditions.
b) nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) have extremely deficient or
absent sperm production within the testicles. Common causes of NOA
include cryptorchidism, orquitis, radio/chemotherapy, use of
gonadotoxic medication and steroids, and genetic origin.
c) nonobstructive azoospermia have retrieval rates dependent on the
method of collection. Testicular histopathology results and Ychromosome microdeletion testing are useful tools to predict the
likelihood of sperm retrieval.
d) obstructive azoospermia have virtually 100% successful retrievals.
Retrieval rates and ICSI outcomes are neither dependent on the method
of collection nor on the origin of sperm for ICSI (epididymal or
testicular)
e) All of the above

MCQ 2 Sperm Retrieval Techniques

The following techniques can be used to retrieve sperm in men with

nonobstructive azoospermia:
a) PESA (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration).
b) Micro-TESE (microdissection testicular sperm extraction).
c) TESA (testicular sperm aspiration).
d) Conventional TESE (testicular sperm extraction) using single or
multiple biopsies.

MCQ 3 Sperm Retrieval Techniques

The following statements apply to sperm retrieval techniques:

a) Micro-TESE yields higher sperm retrieval success rates than
conventional TESE or TESA.
b) PESA is a fast, effective and safe method to retrieve sperm in
obstructive azoospermia. Expertise in microsurgery is required for
PESA.
c) TESA is safe and effective in cases of failed PESA. No expertise in
microsurgery is required for TESA.
d) MESA is indicated in obstructive azoospermia. Sperm retrieval rates
are comparable to PESA although higher sperm number is obtained.

MCQ 4 Sperm Retrieval Techniques

Overall, sperm retrieval success and pregnancy rates by ICSI (using

retrieved sperm) in men with obstructive (OA) and nonobstructive
(NOA) azoospermia are:
a) 50% and 30%, 70% and 25%, respectively.
b) >90% and 40%, 50-60% and 25%, respectively.
c) 50% and 30%, respectively, and rates are not dependent on the type
of azoospermia being obstructive or nonobstructive.
d) 100% and 50% in OA men with vasectomy, and 0% in NOA men with
testicular histology showing germ cell aplasia (Sertoli cell-only).