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PROBLEM 7.2
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses
exerted on the oblique face of the shaded triangular element shown. Use a
method of analysis based on the equilibrium of that element, as was done in the
derivations of Sec. 7.2.
SOLUTION
Stresses
Areas
Forces
F = 0:
= 0.521 MPa
F = 0:
= 56.4 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.5
For the given state of stress, determine (a) the principal planes, (b) the principal
stresses.
SOLUTION
tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
(2) (35)
= 3.50
60 + 40
2 p = 74.05
(b)
max, min =
x +y
2
p = 37.0, 53.0
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
60 40
60 + 40
2
+ (35)
2
2
= 50 36.4 MPa
=
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PROBLEM 7.12
For the given state of stress, determine (a) the orientation of the planes of maximum
in-plane shearing stress, (b) the maximum in-plane shearing stress, (c) the
corresponding normal stress.
SOLUTION
tan 2 s =
x y
8 12
=
= + 2.0
2 xy
2(5)
2 s = 63.435
s = 31.7, 121.7
2
(b)
x y
2
+ xy
2
max =
8 12
2
+ (5)
2
(c)
= ave =
=
x + y
2
8 + 12
2
= 2.00 ksi
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PROBLEM 7.16
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses after the element
shown has been rotated through (a) 25 clockwise, (b) 10 counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
x = 0 y = 80 MPa xy = 50 MPa
x +y
2
= 40 MPa
x =
x +y
2
xy =
y =
(a)
x y
2
x +y
2
x y
2
x y
2
cos 2 + xy sin 2
sin 2 + xy cos 2
x y
2
cos 2 xy sin 2
= 25 2 = 50
x = 40 + 40 cos ( 50) 50 sin (50)
xy = 40 sin ( 50) 50 cos ( 50)
y = 40 40 cos (50) + 50 sin (50)
(b)
= 40 MPa
x = 24.0 MPa
xy = 1.5 MPa
y = 104.0 MPa
= 10 2 = 20
x = 40 + 40 cos (20) 50 sin (20)
xy = 40 sin (20) 50 cos (20)
y = 40 40 cos (20) + 50 sin (20)
x = 19.5 MPa
xy = 60.7 MPa
y = 60.5 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.20
Two members of uniform cross section 50 80 mm are glued together along
plane a-a that forms an angle of 25 with the horizontal. Knowing that the allowable
stresses for the glued joint are = 800 kPa and = 600 kPa, determine the largest
centric load P that can be applied.
SOLUTION
For plane a-a, = 65.
x = 0, xy = 0, y =
P
A
P 2
sin 65 + 0
A
A
(50 103 )(80 103 )(800 103 )
=
= 3.90 103 N
sin 2 65
sin 2 65
P
= ( x y ) sin cos + xy (cos2 sin 2 ) = sin 65 cos 65 + 0
A
A
(50 103 )(80 103 )(600 103 )
P=
=
= 6.27 103 N
sin 65 cos 65
sin 65 cos 65
P=
P = 3.90 kN
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PROBLEM 7.26
The axle of an automobile is acted upon by the forces and couple
shown. Knowing that the diameter of the solid axle is 32 mm,
determine (a) the principal planes and principal stresses at point H
located on top of the axle, (b) the maximum shearing stress at the
same point.
SOLUTION
c=
Torsion:
Bending:
I =
1
1
d = (32) = 16 mm = 16 103 m
2
2
Tc
2T
2(350 N m)
=
=
= 54.399 106 Pa = 54.399 MPa
3
3
3
J
c
(16 10 m)
c4 =
My
(450)(16 103 )
=
= 139.882 106 Pa = 139.882 MPa
I
51.472 109
Top view:
Stresses:
x = 139.882 MPa
ave =
y = 0
xy = 54.399 MPa
1
1
( x + y ) = (139.882 + 0) = 69.941 MPa
2
2
2
R=
(a)
x y
2
+ xy =
2
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tan 2 p =
2 xy
x y
(2)(54.399)
= 0.77778
139.882
2 p = 37.88
(b)
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PROBLEM 7.32
Solve Probs 7.7 and 7.11, using Mohrs circle.
PROBLEM 7.5 through 7.8 For the given state of stress, determine (a) the
principal planes, (b) the principal stresses.
PROBLEM 7.9 through 7.12 For the given state of stress, determine (a) the
orientation of the planes of maximum in-plane shearing stress, (b) the maximum inplane shearing stress, (c) the corresponding normal stress.
SOLUTION
x = 4 ksi,
y = 12 ksi,
xy = 15 ksi
ave =
x +y
2
= 4 ksi
(a)
tan =
FX 15
=
= 1.875
CF
8
= 61.93
1
2
= 180 = 118.07
1
b = = 59.04
2
a = = 30.96
a = 31.0
b = 59.0
(b)
(a)
a = max = ave + R = 4 + 17
d = a + 45 = 14.04
d = 14.0
e = b + 45 = 104.04
e = 104.0
max = R
(b)
= ave
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PROBLEM 7.41
Solve Prob. 7.19, using Mohrs circle.
PROBLEM 7.19 A steel pipe of 12-in. outer diameter is fabricated from
1
-in.-thick plate by welding along a helix which forms an angle of 22.5 with
4
a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. Knowing that a 40-kip axial force
P and an 80-kip in. torque T, each directed as shown, are applied to the pipe,
determine and in directions, respectively, normal and tangential to the
weld.
SOLUTION
1
d 2 = 6 in., t = 0.25 in.
2
c1 = c2 t = 5.75 in.
d 2 = 12 in. c2 =
J = (c
2
c ) = (6
2
4
1
5.754 ) = 318.67 in 4
Stresses:
P
40
=
= 4.3344 ksi
A
9.2284
Tc
(80)(6)
= 2 =
= 1.5063 ksi
J
318.67
x = 0, y = 4.3344 ksi, xy = 1.5063 ksi
tan =
w = 4.76 ksi
w = 0.467 ksi
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PROBLEM 7.44
Solve Prob. 7.22, using Mohrs circle.
PROBLEM 7.22 Two steel plates of uniform cross section 10 80 mm
are welded together as shown. Knowing that centric 100-kN forces are
applied to the welded plates and that the in-plane shearing stress parallel
to the weld is 30 MPa, determine (a) the angle , (b) the corresponding
normal stress perpendicular to the weld.
SOLUTION
x =
P
100 103
=
= 125 106 Pa = 125 MPa
A (10 103 )(80 103 )
y = 0
xy = 0
(a)
sin 2 =
(b)
= 62.5 + 62.5cos 2
= 14.3
= 117.3 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.45
Solve Prob. 7.23, using Mohrs circle.
PROBLEM 7.23 A 400-lb vertical force is applied at D to a gear
attached to the solid 1-in.-diameter shaft AB. Determine the principal
stresses and the maximum shearing stress at point H located as shown
on top of the shaft.
SOLUTION
Equivalent force-couple system at center of shaft in section at point H:
V = 400 lb
M = (400)(6) = 2400 lb in
T = (400)(2) = 800 lb in
d = 1 in.
J =
c=
1
d = 0.5 in.
2
c 4 = 0.098175 in 4
1
J = 0.049087 in 4
2
Tc (800)(0.5)
=
= 4.074 103 psi = 4.074 ksi
0.098175
J
Torsion:
Bending:
Transverse shear:
Resultant stresses:
x = 24.446 ksi,
ave =
I =
Mc (2400)(0.5)
=
= 24.446 103 psi = 24.446 ksi
0.049087
I
y = 0,
xy = 4.074 ksi
1
( x + y ) = 12.223 ksi
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy
2
a = ave + R
a = 25.107 ksi
b = ave R
b = 0.661 ksi
max = R
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PROBLEM 7.47
Solve Prob. 7.25, using Mohrs circle.
PROBLEM 7.25 The steel pipe AB has a 102-mm outer diameter
and a 6-mm wall thickness. Knowing that arm CD is rigidly
attached to the pipe, determine the principal stresses and the
maximum shearing stress at point K.
SOLUTION
do 102
=
= 51 mm
2
2
ro =
J =
I =
(r
4
o
ri = ro t = 45 mm
1
J = 2.0927 106 m 4
2
Torsion:
T = M y = 2000 N m
c = ro = 51 103 m
xy =
Tc
(2000)(51 103 )
=
= 24.37 MPa
J
4.1855 106
Note that the local x-axis is taken along a negative global z-direction.
Transverse shear:
Bending:
y =
Mz c
(1500)(51 103 )
=
= 36.56 MPa
I
2.0927 106
y = 36.56 MPa
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x = 0,
y = 36.56 MPa,
ave =
1
( x + y ) = 18.28 MPa
2
xy = 24.37 MPa
R=
x y
2
+ xy = 30.46 MPa
2
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PROBLEM 7.61
For the element shown, determine the range of values of xy for which the
maximum tensile stress is equal to or less than 60 MPa.
SOLUTION
ave = ( x + y ) = 70 MPa
Set
But
2
x
2
+ xy
R= x
x x
xy = R 2
= 1302 502
= 120 MPa
Range of xy :
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PROBLEM 7.66
For the state of plane stress shown, determine the maximum shearing
stress when (a) x = 6 ksi and y = 18 ksi , (b) x = 14 ksi and
y = 2 ksi . (Hint: Consider both in-plane and out-of-plane shearing
stresses.)
SOLUTION
(a)
1
( x + y ) = 12 ksi
2
2
x y
2
+ xy
2
R=
= 62 + 82 = 10 ksi
a = ave + R = 12 + 10 = 22 ksi (max)
b = ave R = 12 10 = 2 ksi
c = 0
max(in-plane) = R = 10 ksi
1
( max min )
2
x = 14 ksi, y = 2 ksi, xy = 8 ksi
max =
(b)
(min)
a =
1
( x + y ) = 8 ksi
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy
2
62 + 82 = 10 ksi
max = 11 ksi
1
( max min )
2
max = 10 ksi
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PROBLEM 7.72
For the state of stress shown, determine the maximum shearing stress
when (a) z = 0, (b) z = +45 MPa, (c) z = 45 MPa.
SOLUTION
x = 100 MPa,
y = 20 MPa,
xy = 75 MPa
1
2
ave = ( x + y ) = 60 MPa
2
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
b = ave R = 25 MPa
(a)
max = 85 MPa
max = 85 MPa
1
2
max = 95 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.83
The state of plane stress shown occurs in a machine component made of a steel with
Y = 45 ksi. Using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion, determine whether
yield will occur when (a) xy = 9 ksi, (b) xy = 18 ksi, (c) xy = 20 ksi. If yield
does not occur, determine the corresponding factor of safety.
SOLUTION
x = 36 ksi, y = 21 ksi, z = 0
For stresses in xy-plane, ave =
x y
2
1
( x + y ) = 28.5 ksi
2
= 7.5 ksi
(a)
xy = 9 ksi
x y
2
+ xy =
2
R=
(No yielding)
45
39.977
F .S . = 1.287
2
(b)
x y
2
+ xy =
2
xy = 18 ksi R =
(No yielding)
45
44.193
F .S . = 1.018
2
(c)
xy = 20 ksi
R=
x y
2
+ xy =
2
(Yielding occurs)
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PROBLEM 7.84
Solve Prob. 7.83, using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion.
PROBLEM 7.83 The state of plane stress shown occurs in a machine component
made of a steel with Y = 45 ksi. Using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion,
determine whether yield will occur when (a) xy = 9 ksi, (b) xy = 18 ksi, (c)
xy = 20 ksi. If yield does not occur, determine the corresponding factor of safety.
SOLUTION
x = 36 ksi, y = 21 ksi, z = 0
ave =
1
( x + y ) = 28.5 ksi
2
x y
2
= 7.5 ksi
(a)
xy = 9 ksi
x y
2
+ xy = 11.715 ksi
2
R=
45
40.215
(No yielding)
F .S . = 1.119
(b)
x y
2
+ xy = 19.5 ksi
2
xy = 18 ksi R =
(Yielding occurs)
(c)
xy = 20 ksi R =
x y
2
+ xy = 21.36 ksi
2
(Yielding occurs)
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PROBLEM 7.85
The 36-mm-diameter shaft is made of a grade of steel with a 250-MPa tensile yield
stress. Using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion, determine the magnitude of the
torque T for which yield occurs when P = 200 kN.
SOLUTION
P = 200 kN = 200 103 N
c=
1
d = 18 mm = 18 103 m
2
y =
x = 0
ave =
1
1
( x + y ) = y = 98.244 MPa
2
2
2
R=
x y
2
+ xy =
2
2
(98.244)2 + xy
a = ave + R (positive)
b = ave R (negative)
a b = 2R
a b > a
a b > b
a b = 2R = Y = 250 MPa
R = 125 MPa
2
(98.244)2 + xy
J =
c4 =
2
2
Tc
xy =
J
J xy
(164.846 109 )(77.286 106 )
=
T =
c
18 103
= 708 N m
T = 708 N m
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PROBLEM 7.86
Solve Prob. 7.85, using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion.
PROBLEM 7.85 The 36-mm-diameter shaft is made of a grade of steel with a
250-MPa tensile yield stress. Using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion,
determine the magnitude of the torque T for which yield occurs when P = 200 kN.
SOLUTION
1
d = 18 mm = 18 103 m
2
A = c 2 = (18 103 ) 2 = 1.01788 103 m 2
c=
P
200 103
=
= 196.488 106 Pa
3
A
1.01788 10
= 196.448 MPa
y =
1
2
x = 0
1
2
x y
R=
2
a = ave + R
2
2
2
+ xy = (98.244) + xy
b = ave R
a2 + b2 a b = Y2
( ave + R )2 + ( ave R )2 ( ave + R )( ave R ) = Y2
2
ave
+ 3R 2 = Y2
2
(98.244) 2 + (3)[(98.244)2 + xy
] = (250) 2
xy = 89.242 MPa
Torsion:
J=
xy
c4 =
2
Tc
=
J
J xy
T=
T = 818 N m
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PROBLEM 7.98
A spherical gas container made of steel has a 5-m outer diameter and a wall thickness of 6 mm. Knowing that
the internal pressure is 350 kPa, determine the maximum normal stress and the maximum shearing stress in
the container.
SOLUTION
d = 5 m t = 6 mm = 0.006 m, r =
d
t = 2.494 m
2
pr
(350 103 Pa)(2.494 m)
=
= 72.742 106 Pa
2t
2(0.006 m)
= 72.7 MPa
max = 72.742 MPa
min 0 (Neglecting small radialstress)
max =
1
( max min )
2
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PROBLEM 7.104
A steel penstock has a 750-mm outer diameter, a 12-mm wall
thickness, and connects a reservoir at A with a generating station
at B. Knowing that the density of water is 1000 kg/m3 , determine
the maximum normal stress and the maximum shearing stress in
the penstock under static conditions.
SOLUTION
1
1
d t = (750) 12 = 363 mm = 363 103 m
2
2
t = 12 mm = 12 103 m
r=
1 =
max = 1
min = p 0
1
2
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PROBLEM 7.114
For the tank of Prob. 7.112, determine the range of values of that can be
used if the shearing stress parallel to the weld is not to exceed 12 MPa
when the gage pressure is 600 kPa.
PROBLEM 7.112 The pressure tank shown has a 8-mm wall thickness
and butt-welded seams forming an angle = 20 with a transverse plane.
For a gage pressure of 600 kPa, determine (a) the normal stress
perpendicular to the weld, (b) the shearing stress parallel to the weld.
SOLUTION
d = 1.6 m t = 8 103 mm r =
1
d t = 0.792 m
2
1 =
|sin 2 a | =
N
R
12
= 0.80808
14.85
2 a = 53.91
a = +27.0
2 b = + 53.91
b = 27.0
c = 63.0
d = 117.0
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PROBLEM 7.116
The pressurized tank shown was fabricated by welding strips of plate along a
helix forming an angle with a transverse plane. Determine the largest
value of that can be used if the normal stress perpendicular to the weld is
not to be larger than 85 percent of the maximum stress in the tank.
SOLUTION
1 =
pr
t
2 =
pr
2t
1
2
3 pr
4 t
1 2 1 pr
=
R=
2
4 t
w = ave R cos 2
ave = (1 + 2 ) =
0.85
pr 3 1
pr
= cos 2
t
4 4
t
2 = 113.6
= 56.8
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PROBLEM 7.124
A pressure vessel of 10-in. inner diameter and 0.25-in. wall thickness is
fabricated from a 4-ft section of spirally-welded pipe AB and is equipped
with two rigid end plates. The gage pressure inside the vessel is 300 psi
and 10-kip centric axial forces P and P are applied to the end plates.
Determine (a) the normal stress perpendicular to the weld, (b) the
shearing stress parallel to the weld.
SOLUTION
1
1
d = (10) = 5 in.
t = 0.25 in.
2
2
pr (300) (5)
=
= 6000 psi = 6 ksi
1 =
t
0.25
pr (300)(5)
=
= 3000 psi = 3 ksi
2 =
2t (2)(0.25)
r0 = r + t = 5 + 0.25 = 5.25 in.
r=
=
Total stresses.
Longitudinal:
P
10 103
=
= 1242 psi = 1.242 ksi
A
8.0803
Circumferential: y = 6 ksi
Shear:
xy = 0
x y
2
R=
+ xy
2
(1.758 6)
=
+ 0 = 2.121 ksi
2
(a)
(b)
x = 3.15 ksi
| xy | = 1.993 ksi
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PROBLEM 7.128
For the given state of plane strain, use the method of Sec. 7.10 to
determine the state of plane strain associated with axes x and y
rotated through the given angle .
x = 500 , y = +250 , xy = 0, = 15
SOLUTION
= +15
x + y
2
x y
= 125
x =
x + y
2
+
x y
cos 2 +
x + y
x y
cos 2
xy
2
2
2
= 125 + (375 ) cos 30 + 0
y =
xy
= 375
xy
2
2
2
= 125 (375 ) cos 30 0
=0
sin 2
x = 450
sin 2
y = 200
xy = ( x y ) sin 2 + xy cos 2
= (500 250 ) sin 30 + 0
xy = 375
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PROBLEM 7.136
The following state of strain has been measured on the surface of a thin plate. Knowing that the surface of the
plate is unstressed, determine (a) the direction and magnitude of the principal strains, (b) the maximum inplane shearing strain, (c) the maximum shearing strain. (Use v = 13 . )
x = 260 , y = 60 , xy = +480
SOLUTION
For Mohrs circle of strain, plot points:
X : (260 , 240 )
Y : (60 , 240 )
C : (160 , 0)
tan 2 p =
xy
x y
480
= 2.4
260 + 60
2 p = 67.38
b = 33.67
a = 56.31
R = (100 )2 + (240 )2
R = 260
(a)
(b)
a = 100
b = 420
1
max (in-plane) = R max (in-plane) = 2 R
2
v
v
1/3
c =
( a + b ) =
( x + y ) =
(260 60)
1 v
1 v
2/3
= 160
max = 580
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PROBLEM 7.140
For the given state of plane strain, use Mohrs circle to determine (a) the orientation and magnitude of the
principal strains, (b) the maximum in-plane shearing strain, (c) the maximum shearing strain.
x = +60 , y = +240 , xy = 50
SOLUTION
Plotted points:
X : (60 , 25 )
Y : (240 , 25 )
C : (150 , 0)
tan 2 p =
xy
x y
50
= 0.277778
60 240
2 p = 15.52
a = 97.76
b = 7.76
(a)
a = 243.4
b = 56.6
(b)
max (in-plane) = 2R
(c)
max = 243.4
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PROBLEM 7.147
The strains determined by the use of the rosette attached as shown during the test of a
machine element are
SOLUTION
Use x =
xy
1
1
( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos 2 +
sin 2
2
2
2
where
and
= 75
for gage 1,
=0
for gage 2,
= +75
for gage 3.
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos (150) +
2 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos 0 +
xy
2
xy
2
sin (150)
sin 0
3 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos (150) +
xy
2
sin (150)
(1)
(2)
(3)
1 + 3 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos 150
= x (1 + cos 150) + y (1 cos 150)
+ (1 + cos 150)
y = 1 3 x
(1 cos 150)
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3 1 = xy sin 150
xy =
3 1
sin 150
xy
x y
606.2 106
= 1.732
385 106 35.0 106
1
1
2
2
6
= 210 10 in/in
x y xy
R=
+
2 2
(b)
max (in-plane)
2
606.2 2
6
+
= 350.0 10
2
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PROBLEM 7.150
A single strain gage is cemented to a solid 4-in.-diameter steel shaft at an
angle = 25 with a line parallel to the axis of the shaft. Knowing that
G = 11.5 106 psi, determine the torque T indicated by a gage reading of
300 106 in./in.
SOLUTION
For torsion,
x = y = 0, = 0
1
( x v y ) = 0
E
1
y = ( y v x ) = 0
E
0 1
xy =
xy = 0
G 2
2G
x =
0
2G
x = R sin 2 =
But
0 =
T=
=
0
2G
sin 2
2G x
Tc 2T
= 3 =
J c
sin 2
c3G x
sin 2
(2)3 (11.5 106 )(300 106 )
sin 50
= 113.2 103 lb in
T = 113.2 kip in
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PROBLEM 7.157
Solve Prob. 7.156, assuming that the rosette at point A indicates the
following strains:
1 = 30 106 in./in.
2 = +250 106 in./in.
3 = +100 106 in./in.
PROBLEM 7.156 A centric axial force P and a horizontal force Qx are both
applied at point C of the rectangular bar shown. A 45 strain rosette on the
surface of the bar at point A indicates the following strains:
1 = 60 106 in./in.
2 = +240 106 in./in.
3 = +200 106 in./in.
Knowing that E = 29 106 psi and v = 0.30, determine the magnitudes of
P and Qx.
SOLUTION
x = 1 = 30 106
y = 3 = +100 106
xy = 2 2 1 3 = 430 106
E
29
( x + v y ) =
[ 30 + (0.3)(100)]
2
1 v
1 (0.3) 2
=0
E
29
y =
( y + v x ) =
[100 + (0.3)(30)]
2
1 v
1 (0.3) 2
x =
P = A y = (2)(6)(2.9 103 )
= 34.8 103 lb
P = 34.8 kips
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G=
E
29 106
=
= 11.1538 106 psi
2(1 + v) (2)(1.30)
Q = A y = (2)(3)(1.5) = 9 in 3
t = 2 in.
VQ
xy =
It
It xy (36)(2)(4.7962 103 )
V=
=
= 38.37 103 lb
9
Q
I=
Q =V
Q = 38.4 kips
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
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