CA PA B I LI T Y CHA R T

The ba sis is g iven in F ig .a . For a g iven ter m ina l volt a ge V a nd

C u r rent I a t pha se a ng le 0 (i.e. for a g iven MVA ou t pu t ) t he
e.m .f . Et is obt a ined by a dding I xs to V at 90 Deg . to I . For
con st a nt cu r rent a nd MVA , I xs is con st a nt a nd it s locu s is a
circle w it h cent re on t he ext rem it y of t he volt age ve ctor OV.
C onst a nt exci t a t ion implies t ha t t he locu s of Et is a circle w it h
C ent re O. The a ng le bet ween Et a nd V is t he power- a ng le: 0 is
t he ang le bet ween I xs a nd a hor iz ont a l line t hrou g h t he
ext rem it y of vec tor OV. Thu s Vq is propor t iona l to t he MVA , q p
to t he MVA r, a nd Vp to t he MW, all to a sing le sca le. The la t ter
is fou nd from t he sy nchron ou s rea ct a nce:
for w it h z ero
excit a t ion Et =O, I xs=V, I=V/xs a nd is pu rely rea ct ive (lea ding ),
cor re spo nding to VI va r s a nd VI .
m egava r s per pha se. For
=90 deg . t he st a t ic lim it of st a bilit y is rea ched (see fi g ), so t hat
t he hor iz ont a l t hrou g h O repre sent s t his lim it .
The cha r t , is dr aw n for a sy nchronou s rea ct a nce of 167 per
cent . For z ero excit a t ion t he cu r rent is 100/ 167= 60 per cent of
fu ll-loa d va lu e, repr ese nt ing t herefor e 60 per cent of fu ll-loa d
MVA in t he for m of lea ding MVA r. This fi xes all t he MVA sca les.
The ve r t ica l OV is dr aw n a nd sca led to 60 per cent MVA r, a nd
cont inu ed beyon d V for la g g ing MVA r.
F rom V a hor iz ont a l
line, sim ila rly sca led, g ives power in MW.
C ircles (fu ll-line)
dr aw n w it h V a s cent re and sim ila rly sca led a s rega rds ra diu s
g ive st a tor cu r rent in per cent of fu ll loa d va lu e. Dot ted r a dii
from V indica te power fa ctor va lu es. C ircles of percen t a ge
excit a t ion a re dr aw n in cha in dot ted lines from cent re O: 100
perc ent excit a t ion cor r esp ond s to t he fi xed ter m ina l volt a ge OV.
I t now rem a ins to put in t he working a rea su ch t ha t a ny point
w it hin it lies inside t he a ssig ned lim it s of oper a t ion. Ta king
100 per cent MW a s t he m a ximu m a llowa ble power (set t led by
t he pr im e- m over ) , a ver t ica l lim it -line spq is inser te d t hrou g h p
a t 100 per cent MW.
I t is a ssu m ed t ha t t he m a chine is
ra ted to g ive 100 per cent MW a t power fa ctor 0.9la g g ing : t his
dete r m ine s point q .
Lim it at ion of t he st a tor cu r rent to t he
cor re spo nding va lu e requ ires t he lim it -line to becom e t he
circu la r a rc q n a bout cent re V. At n a new lim it -t he excit ing
cu r rent - ha s to be int rodu ced , a nd it is a ssum ed t hat t he
rotor cu r rent m u st not exce ed t ha t cor res pondi ng to a n e.m .f.
Et =260 per cent of V. The circu la r a rc nm is t herefo re st r u ck

from cent re O a t t his va lu e of exci t a t ion.

The u pper lim it
pq nm is t his completed .
The line q p ca nnot be cont inu ed
dow nwa rd s to t he t heoret ica l st a bilit y lim it beca u se t h la t ter
repre sent s a condit ion of inst a bilit y w here t he sm a llest
increm ent of loa d w ill ca u se t he m a chine to fa ll out of step . A
m ore sa t isfa ctor y lim it is t hat for which t he loa ding is, say, 10
per cent less t ha n t he t heoret ica l m a ximu m for a given
excit a t ion. C onsider point v on t he t heoret ica l st a bilit y- lim it
line for 100 per cent exci t a t ion. Redu c e Ov to Ow by vw =10 per
cent of t he ra ted MW.
Then wu , cu t t ing t he 100 per cent
excit a t ion circle a t u , fi xes a point for which t here is 10 per
cent MW in ha nd a s a sa feg u a rd a ga inst fa lling ou t of
sy nchroni sm .
The completed working a rea , show n w it h a
sha ded ou t line, is m nq psu t . A working point pla ced w it hin t his
a rea at once defi ne s t he MVA , MW, MVA r, cu r rent , power fa ctor
a nd exci t a t ion.
The loa d a ng le
is fou nd if requ ired by
m ea su rem ent .