TheRepublicofTurkey:

Annika

PhysicalGeography
1. Whatisyourcountrysofficialname?
OfficialName:TheRepublicofTurkey

2. Lookatamap.Whereisyourcountry?Whoareitsneighbors?Whomightbepotential
alliesorenemies?
Where:EurasialargelylocatedinWesternAsia,smallerportionsinSoutheastEurope
Neighbors:(borderedby8countries,underlinedareothercountriesparticipatingin
debate)
Iraq
,
Syria
,Georgia,
Greece
,Bulgaria,Iran,Armenia,Azerbaijani
Potentialalliesorenemies:thesurrounding8countriescouldbeotheralliesorenemies,
willbeexploredlaterinsectionbelow.

3. Howbigisyourcountryinsquaremiles?
SQUAREMILES:297,155(300,000)

4. Howwouldyoudescribeyourcountrysphysicalfeaturesandclimate?
Climate:temperatehot,drysummerswithmild,wetwintersharsherininterior
WinterTemperatures:averagein1degreeC(34degreesF)
SummerTemperatures:averagein30degreesC(86degreesF)
Physicalfeatures:highcentralplateau,narrowcoastalplain,severalmountainranges
MostriversofTurkeyhavesourcestoflowintosea
Countryhashighelevationincomparisontoneighboringcountries
Halfoflandareabeinghigherthan1000metersand2/3rdshigherthan800
meters
LimitedRainfall

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__

CulturalGeography
1. Whatisyourcountryspopulation?Whatisyourcountryspopulationgrowthrate?
Population:80.69Million
Growthrate:1.16%

2. Whatisyourcountrysethniccomposition?
MainPopulation:Turkish(80%)55million
Kurds(Kurdish)(20%)12.6million
MinorityPopulation:
Circassians2.5million
Bosniaks2million

Albanians500,000to1.3million
OtherEthnicGroups:Arabs,Turkmen(Turkmenistan),Greeks,
(BonusArmenianswereotherkilledormadefleeduringWW1,bitterness
betweenTurks.)
(BonusGreekpopulationinTurkeywasreducedduetothe19191922
hostilitieswithGreece,followinginthe1923TreatyofLausannewhich
providedinanexchangeofpopulationbetweenTurkeyandGreece)

3. Whatisyourcountrysofficiallanguage?Howdoyousayhellointhatlanguage?What
otherlanguagesarespokeninyourcountry?
OfficialLanguage:Turkish
HelloinTurkish:Merhaba!
Otherlanguages:Kurdish,
Minoritylanguages:Zazaki,Kumanji,Laz,Arabic,Circassian
Immigrantlanguages:Albanian,Bonsian,Pomak/Bulgarian

4. Whatarethemajorreligionsorculturesofyourcountry?
MajorReligion:Islam(99.8%ofpopulationisautomaticallyregisteredasMuslim)
OtherReligions:Christianity,Judaism,Bahai

5. Whatisyourcountryscapital?Whataresomemajorcities?
Capital:Ankara
MajorCities:Istanbul(largestcity),Izira,Bursa,Adana

6. Howwouldyoudescribethequalityoflifefortheaveragepersoninyourcountry?

TurkeyisrankedlastontheOECDSBetterlifelist

31%ofadultsages2564havewhatisequivalenttoahighschooldegree(underOECD
standard)
48%ofpeopleareworkingwithpaidjobs(underOECDstandard)
69%ofmenworkinggetpaid(underOECDstandard)
28%ofwomenworkinggetpaid(underOECDstandard)
Averageannualincomeofanaverageturkishcitizen$23,047(underOECDstandard)
Turkishpeopleworkanaverageof1,877hoursayear(OVEROECDstandard)
46%citizensworklonghours(OVEROECDstandardwhichis9%)
26%womencompletedschool(underOECDstandard)
36%mencompletedschool(underOECDstandard)
88%havegovernmenttrust(OVEROECDstandard)
68%ofpeoplesaytheyhaveapositivelife(underOECDstandardwhichis80%)

Fromthiswecandrawthattheaveragepersonhasasmallchanceofhavingeducation,let
aloneahighschooldegree.Wecansaythattheaveragepersonisworkingwithlittleincome.

Menarestillmorelikelytogetpaidmore,ortofinishschool.Womenatadisadvantage.Most
whodoworkaremostlikelyworkingextremelyhard.Withthisthereisagoodchancethatthe
personisoverallhappyandisverytrustingintheirgovernment.
____________________________________________________________________________
__

PoliticalGeography
1. Whenwasyourcountryfounded?
Date:October29,1923

2. Whattypeofgovernmentdoesyourcountryhave?
Government:Republican,Unitary,Parliamentary,Democracy,

3. Whoaresomeofyourcountrysleaders?
12thPresident:RecepTayyipErdogan(since2014)
PrimeMinister:AhmetDavutoglu(alsosince2014)

4. Whoareyourcountrysallies?
OfficialNATOallyoftheU.S.thoughTurkeydoesnotbehaveasanallytowardsthe
U.S.
KRGinIraq
5. Whoareyourcountrysenemies?
KurdsTheKurdistanWorkersParty
YPGinSyria(hostileto)

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__

EconomicGeography
1. Whatisyourcountrystotalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)?
GDP:$789.36million

2. Whataresomeofyourcountrysnaturalresources?
MainNaturalResources:antimony,coal,chromium,mercury,sulfur,borate,copper,iron
ore
Minor(other)NaturalResources:gold,barite,orate,celestite(strontium),emery,
feldspar,limestone,magnesite,marble,perlite,pumice,,clay,arableland,hydropower

3. Whataresomeofyourcountrysenergysources?
CoalparticularlyligniteisTurkeysmostabundantindigenousenergyresourceandis
animportantfuelforelectricitygeneration.

In2012,coalproductionaccountedfor47%ofTurkeystotalprimaryenergy
production.
Newcoalfiredpowerstationsarebeingbuiltdespitetheenvironmentalimpactof
thecoalindustry.CoalfiredpowerstationsareanimportantsourceforTurkeys
electricitygeneration.
Coalfiredgenerationaccountedfor28%oftotalelectricityproductioninTurkey
in2012,including17%fromligniteand11%fromhardcoal.
Gas(naturalGas)currentlymostgascomesfromRussia(bluestreampipeline),since
Iraniangas(TabrizAnkarapipeline)ismuchmoreexpensive.Azerbaijansupplies
TurkeythroughtheSouthCaucasusPipeline.
NaturalgasisaccountingforanincreasingshareoftheenergymixinTurkey,
hasovertakenoil.
Gashasbecomethemostimportantfuelintermsofvolumeconsumed.
Despitehighdemand,Turkeyproducesaverysmallamountofnaturalgas.
HydroelectricityisthelargestRENEWABLEsourceofelectricity,howeversolarpower
lookslikelytoincreaserapidly.
SolarPowerthereisamassivelyincreasingproductionofthisinthesouth,and
windpowerinthewest.Turkeycouldmeetitsentirepredicted2020energy
demandfromallRENEWABLEsources.
NuclearthereisnownuclearpowerplantsinTurkey,butthereisafutureonebeing
builtin2020.OnewillbeinAkkuyu,andtheotherinSinop.
Windisgraduallyexpandingincapacity.1,330turbinesinstalledinTurkey,savingthem
fromspending$500milliononNaturalGas.
Geothermal

4.

Whatisyourcountryscurrency?
Currency:Lira
LiratoUS:1Lira=0.34dollar(cents)
UStoLira:1dollar=2.97Lira

5. Whatareyourcountrysmajorexportsandimports?
MajorExports:TOP10
Vehicles:US$18.1billion(11.5%oftotalexports)
Machines,engines,pumps:$13.6billion(8.6%)
Knitorcrochetclothing:$10billion(6.4%)
Electronicequipment:$9.7billion(6.1%)
Ironandsteel:$9.3billion(5.9%)
Gems,preciousmetals:$7.7billion(4.9%)
Ironorsteelproducts:$6.4billion(4%)
Clothing(notknitorcrochet):$6.2billion(4%)
Oil:$6.1billion(3.9%)
Plastics:$6.1billion(3.9%)

MajorImports:TOP
Oil:$54.9billion(22.7%oftotalimports)
Machines,engines,pumps:$28.1billion(11.6%)
Electronicequipment:$18billion(7.4%)
Ironandsteel:$17.6billion(7.3%)
Vehicles:$15.7billion(6.5%)
Plastics:$14.2billion(5.8%)
Gems,preciousmetals,coins:$8.1billion(3.4%)
Organicchemicals:$5.8billion(2.4%)
Medical,technicalequipment:$4.9billion(2%)
Pharmaceuticals:$4.4billion(1.8%)

6. Whoareyourcountrysbiggesttradingpartners?
MajorTradingpartners:
Germany:$15.2billion(9.6%ofoverallexports)
Iraq:$10.9billion(6.9%)
UnitedKingdom:$9.9billion(6.3%)
Italy:$7.1billion(4.5%)
France:$6.5billion(4.1%)
UnitedStates:$6.3billion(4%)
Russia:$5.9billion(3.8%)
Spain:$4.8billion(3%)
UnitedArabEmirates:$4.7billion(3%)
Iran:$3.9billion(2.5%)

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__

UnitedNations
1. DateadmittedtoUN.
Date:October,24,1945.

(AlsopartofOrganizationofIslamicCooperation,OrganizationforEconomicCooperationand
Development,OrganizationforSecurityandCooperationinEurope,CouncilofEurope,and
since1952,NATO.)

2. HowhasyourcountryrecentlyactedwithintheUN(votes,speeches,resolutionsetc)?
TurkeywontheUNCouncilSecurityElectionwith151votesin2008,forWestern
Europe

TurkeylosttheUNCouncilSecurityElectiontoNewZealandin2014,forWestern
Europe
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution1516
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution193
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution353
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution354
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution355
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution357
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution358
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution359
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution360
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution395
GeneralAssemblysSixtyninthTurkishPresidentSpeech
GeneralAssemblysSeventiethTurkishPrimeMinisterSpeech

3. HastheUNeverintervenedinaconflictinvolvingyourcountry?Ifso,whereandhow?

WrittenstatementsubmittedbytheFederationofWesternThraceTurksinEurope.The
problemsoftheTurkishminorityofwesternThraceineducation
WrittenstatementsubmittedbytheFederalUnionofEuropeanNationalities.The
problemsoftheTurksinRhodes,KosandtheDodecanese
WrittenstatementsubmittedbytheFederalUnionofEuropeanNationalities.The
repatriationquestionoftheMeskhetianTurkstotheirhomelandinGeorgia
Outcomeoftheuniversalperiodicreview:Turkey
WrittenstatementsubmittedbytheKhiamRehabilitationCenterforVictimsofTorture.
StatementoflawyersofficeaboutmurderofGunayOzarslan
ReportoftheWorkingGroupontheUniversalPeriodicReviewTurkeyAddendum
Viewsonconclusionsand/orrecommendations,voluntarycommitmentsandreplies
presentedbytheStateunderreview
ReportoftheSpecialRapporteuronextrajudicial,summaryorarbitraryexecutions,
ChristofHeynsAddendumFollowupcountryrecommendations:TurkeyComments
bytheStateonthereportoftheSpecialRapporteuronextrajudicial,summaryor
arbitraryexecutions
ReportoftheSpecialRapporteuronextrajudicial,summaryorarbitraryexecutions,
ChristofHeynsAddendumFollowuptocountryrecommendations:Turkey
ReportoftheWorkingGroupontheUniversalPeriodicReviewTurkey
Noteverbaledated20March2015fromthePermanentMissionoftheRepublicof
TurkeytotheUnitedNationsOfficeatGenevaandotherinternationalorganizationsin
SwitzerlandaddressedtotheOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerfor
HumanRights

ReportoftheSpecialRapporteuronthesituationofhumanrightsdefenders,Michel
ForstAddendumObservationsoncommunicationstransmittedtoGovernmentsand
repliesreceived
WrittenstatementsubmittedbytheFederationofWesternThraceTurksinEurope.The
StatusofTurkishMinorityofWesternThraceinEducationandGovernmentalPractices
inGreece
WrittenstatementsubmittedbytheReportersSansFrontiersInternational.News
providersasafirstlineofdefenceforhumanrightsdefenders
CompilationpreparedbytheOfficeoftheUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforHuman
Rightsinaccordancewithparagraph15(b)oftheannextoHumanRightsCouncil
resolution5/1andparagraph5oftheannextoCouncilresolution16/21Turkey

4. HowdoesyourcountrycontributetoUNpeacekeeping?
InOctoberof2015,TurkishPrimeMinisterAhmetDavutoglusaidthatTurkeywillcontribute
moretotheUNPeacekeepingoperations.
Takingintoconsiderationthecomplexnatureoftodaysconflicts,itseemsthat
peacekeepingoperationswillremainasoneofthemostimportanttoolsoftheUNinthenear
future.PrimeMinistersaidatthepeacekeepingsummit
HesaidTurkeywouldbecommittedtodeploy5staffofficerstotheHQoftheUN
peacekeepinginMali,andonetransportaircrafttotheUNforceinCentralAfrican
Republic.
TurkishArmedforceswouldstandreadytocontributetothetrainingoftroops
participatinginUNpeacekeepingoperations.
Turkishnavywillprovidetraininginthefieldofmaritimesecurityfornavalpersonnel
takingpartinUNoperations.
TurkeyhaspresenceinUNpeacekeepingoperationsincludingAfghanistan,Kosovo,
Lebanon,Somalia,Haiti,andtheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.
TurkishContributionstothePeacekeepingOperations:
UNMilitaryExperts:2
PoliceContributions:87
TroopContributions:49
TotalContributions:138
InUNledmissions,smallTurkishpoliceunitsareutilizedwhilethemilitaryofTurkeyis
activelyinvolvedinothernonUNledoperationssuchasNATOandtheEU.TheTurkish
leadersbelievethatcontributingtotheUnledmissionsisprestigiousandhelpsTurkey
toachieveitspoliticalgoalsasanemergingregionalandglobalplayer.

General
1. Brieflydescribethehistoryofyourcountry?
Thehistoryofturkeycoversaframeofmorethan4000yearsofhistory.

The history of the Turkscoversatimeframeofmorethan4000years.Turksfirstlivedin

Central Asia around 2000 BC. Later, some of themleftCentralAsiaandspreadaround,
establishing many states and empiresindependentfromeachotherwithinavastareaof
Asia andEurope.TheseempiresincludedTheGreatHun Empire(establishedduringthe
3rd Century B.C.), the Gktrk Empire (552 740), the Uygur Empire (741 840), the
Avar Empire (69 Century A.D.), the Hazar Empire (510 CenturyA.D),theGreatSeljuk
Empire(10401157),andmanyothers.

Turks in Anatolia: The Turks startedtosettleinAnatoliaintheearly11thcentury byway

of continual migrations and incursions. The Malazgirt victory in 1071 against the
Byzantines literally opened up the gates of Anatolia to the Turks.Itisfollowingthisdate
that the Turksfully conqueredthewholeofAnatoliaandestablishedtheAnatolianSeljuk
State there (10801308).This was the first Turkish State in Anatoliaandwassometimes
called,afteritscapitalcityofmanyyears,theKonyaSultanate.

OTTOMAN AGE 12991923: The SeljukStaterapidlydeclinedwiththeMongolinvasion

of Anatolia whichstartedin1243. DuringtheperiodofthedeclineoftheAnatolianSeljuk
state and after its disappearance, many Turcoman principalities were established in
Anatolia towards the end of the thirteenth century. One of these was the Ottoman (in
Turkish Osmanli) Beylik (similar to aPrincipality)namedafteritsfounder,aTurkishruler
namedOsmanin1299intheenvironsofStinEskiehirinthenorthwesterncornerof
the peninsula. The Ottoman Beylik rapidly expanded throughout the fourteenth century
and thus arose theOttomanEmpire,whichruledoveravastterritoryonthreecontinents
andlastedfor623yearsuntiltheendoftheFirstWorldWar.

The Ottomans captured Constantinople in 1453, during the reign of Sultan Mehmet II
(14511481), and the Byzantine Empire fell, which also marked the end of the Middle
Ages and the beginning of the New Age. During the reign of Sultan Mehmet II, who
assumed the title of "The Conqueror," the Ottoman state entered into an era of rapid
development which would last until the end of the sixteenth century. At its height, the
Ottomans ruled over what is today Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Albania and Romania
in the Balkans, over all the islandsintheEasternMediterranean,andoverwhatis today
the Middle East. The borders of the Empire extended from the Crimea in the North to
YemenandSudanintheSouthandfromIranandtheCaspianSeaintheEasttoVienna
intheNorthwestandSpainintheSouthwest.

Starting in the 16th century, however, the Ottoman Empire incrementally lost its
economic and military superiority in comparison toEurope,whichhaddevelopedrapidly
with the Renaissance, with its conquest of new territories and its access to raw
materials, and with the Industrial Revolution. The Ottoman Empire failed to adapt to
these new developments. Thus, the balance of power shifted in favor of the European
States. The nationalist movements that started in the nineteenth century and the
selfdetermination movements and rebellions of the Balkan nations, supported by the
EuropeanpowersandRussia,slowlybroughttheOttomanEmpiretoadecline.m

WORLD WAR I 1914 1918: The weakening of the Empire continueduntilWorldWarI.

The Ottoman Empire entered the First World War in 1914 on the side of the allied
powers and emerged defeated from the war in 1918, compelled to sign the Mondros

Armistice on October 30, 1918. Under the terms of this Armistice, the territories of the
Ottoman Empire were occupied by Britain, France, Russia, and Greece. This was the
actualendoftheOttomanEmpire.

A national resistance and liberation movement emerged asareactiontothisoccupation

under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, an Ottoman military commander whomobilized
Anatolia in a quest for Turkish selfdetermination and national independence. Heunited
sporadic and disorganized resistance groups in Anatolia and organized them into a
structured army. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemallater given the last name
Ataturk or "Father of Turks"the resistance became cohesive, and the Turks were
capableoffightingthewarfornationalliberation.

The Turkish National LiberationWarwasanefforttocreateanewstatefromthe ruinsof

an Empire, which hadcompleteditslife.Itlastedfouryears(19191922)whereinasmall
army of volunteers fought and won a war against the leading powers of this time.
Ataturk's victory was not only military, but it was also diplomatic. The Turkish military
victory was sealed with a diplomatic success with the signing of the Lausanne Peace
Treaty on July 24, 1923. SignedwithGreatBritain,France,Greece,Italyandothers,the
Treaty recognized the creation and international borders of a Turkish State and
guaranteeditscompleteindependence.
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY: The Republic was proclaimed on October 29, 1923. For the
first time in centuries, the Turkish people enjoyed selfrule. Mustafa Kemal was elected
asthefirstpresidentoftheRepublicofTurkey.
As president for 15 years, until his death in 1938, Mustafa Kemal Atatrk introduced a
broad range of reforms in the political, social, legal, economic,andculturalspheresthat
werevirtuallyunparalleledinanyothercountry.
The first Grand National Assembly under the leadership of Ataturk created a new
political and legal system based on the principles of parliamentary democracy, human
rights, national sovereignty and division of powers, private ownership and secularism,
and the separation of religion and state affairs. A new, secular education system was
established, the Arabic alphabet was changed into the Latinalphabet,andnewcivil and
criminal codes were adapted from European models. Turkish women received equal
rights under the law such as the right to vote and be elected to public office, which put
Turkey ahead of many Western nations in terms of women's rights. It was a revolution,
unparalleled at its time and even today, to bring a predominantly Muslim nation in line
withWesterncivilizationanduniversalvalues

2. Whatarefourimportantproblemsfacingyourcountry?

SyriaandRussia(fromresource
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/sixmajorproblemsaheadofturkeyin2016.aspx?Pa
geID=238&NID=93254&NewsCatID=409
)

Syriascivilwarislikelytocontinuedespitepeaceefforts.AsapartoftheU.S.ledcoalition
againstISIL,TurkeysmovesintheSyriatheaterwouldbelimitedbecauseofthe
Russian
presencethere,afterthedowningoftheplane,unlessPresidentErdoanmanagestofinda
wayoutwith
Russian
PresidentVladimirPutin.Thatlimitmakes
Ankara
nervousespecially
regardingtheadvancesoftheDemocraticUnionParty(PYD),theSyrianwingofthePKK,
mainlybecauseofitsownKurdishproblem.ThepressureontheTurkishgovernmentcould
lessenwiththeclosureoftheremaining98kmpartoftheborderagainstspeculationsofISIL
infiltration,butthatcouldmeananendtoTurkeysSyriapolicyforthelastfouryears.

USandAntiIsilFight:

TurkeyhasbecomeamajortargetforISILasithasbecomemoreinvolvedintheantiISILfight.
Becauseofthe
Russian
constraintsinSyria,Turkeymaynottakeanactivepartinthestrikes,
butthatisnottheonlywaytofightagainstISIL.NoraretherelationsbetweenTurkeyandthe
U.S.limitedtotheantiISILfightorSyria.TheU.S.backsTurkeyagainstR
ussian
accusations
onTurkeyaboutISIL,butmakesitspointbehindthedoors.Theconflictwith
Iran
overSyriaand
Iraqseemstocontinuein2016.

TheKurds

ThegovernmentconsidersthattoextendoperationsagainsttheoutlawedK
urdistanWorkers
Party
(PKK),whichhasresumeditsarmedcampaignwithdemandsofautonomyalongitsIraq
andSyriaborders,couldfurtheralienatethepeoplelivinginthoseregions.Ontheotherhand,
the
PKK
isnotlikelytogiveupthecampaignbecauseofthesamereasonandwantstobring
securityforcesfacetofacewithciviliansintowns,ratherthanmilitantsinthemountains.Ifthe
governmentcannotfindaninnovativesolutiontobreakthestalemate,theproblemislikelyto
continuein2016aswell.

EconomyduetoSyriaandIraq

BesidescurbedtraderoutestoitssouthandeastduetoseriousproblemsinSyriaandIraqand
alsowith
Iran
andEgypt,TurkeyislikelytosufferfromitstradewithRussia,especiallyin
tourismandconstructionsectors,becauseoftheSyriasituation.Thegovernmentcouldtryto
closethegap,especiallyinconstructionandfinancesectorsbyattractingGulfcapitalbutthat
mightnotbeenough.Turkeyneedstogetmoreforeigninvestmentbuttherearesecurityand
courtindependenceproblemsaffectingthat.Ademocraticconstitutionandcloserrelationswith
theEUcouldhelpthesituation.

3. Whatmajorconflicts,pastandpresent,is/hasyourcountrybeeninvolvedin?

WarofIndependence(19191923)
SheikhSaidRebellion(1925)
AratatRebellion(19371930)
DersimRebellion(19371938)
KoreanWarUnsupport(19501953)
BatleofKOKKINA(1964)
TurkishinvasionofCyprus(1974)
PoliticalviolenceinTurkey(19761980)
TurkeyPKK(Kurds)(1978PRESENT)
OperationRestoreHopeUNITAF(19921995)
OperationDeliberateForce(1995)
IraqiKurdishCivilWar(1997)
OperationAlliedForce(1999)
WarinAfghanistan(20012014)
LibyanCivilWar(2011)
InterventioninSyria(2015PRESENT)

4. Whatethnic,cultural,orrefugeeproblemsis/hasyourcountryexperienced?

Present:KurdistanVSTurkey1978Present

The
KurdishTurkishconflict
isanarmedconflictbetweentheRepublicof
Turkey
andvarious
Kurdish
insurgentgroups,whichhavedemanded
separation
fromTurkeytocreatean
independent
Kurdistan
,ortohave
autonom
yandgreater
politicalandculturalrightsforKurds
insidetheRepublicofTurkey
.Themainrebelgroupisthe
KurdistanWorkers'Party
orPKK
(
Kurdish
:
PartiyaKarkernKurdistan
).Althoughinsurgentshavecarriedoutattacksinmany

regionsofTurkey,
theinsurgencyismainlyinsoutheastern
Turke
y.ThePKK'smilitarypresence
in
Iraq
's
KurdistanRegion
,fromwhichitalsolaunchesattacksonTurkey,hasresultedinthe
Turkishmilitarycarryingoutfrequentgroundincursionsandairandartillerystrikesintheregion,
despitethefactthatthe
UnitedStates
and
Iraq
havewarnedTurkey.Theconflicthas

particularlyaffectedTurkey'stourismindustry
andhascostthe
EconomyofTurkey
anestimated
300to450billiondollars,mostlymilitarycosts.

Kurdishrebellionsagainstthe
OttomanEmpire
havebeenreportedforovertwocenturies,but
themodernconflictdatesbacktothe
TurkishWarofIndependence
,whichestablisheda
Turkishnationalist
statewhichhasrepressedthe
humanrightsofKurdishpeopleinTurkey
.

Kurdishproblemsarestillhappeningassaidinthequestionabove.

TurkeypraisedforwelcomingSyrianRefugees2011

MostoftheSyrianrefugeesinTurkeyarrivedthisweek,accordingtotheUN[EPA]Morethan
2,400SyrianshavefledintoneighbouringTurkeytoescapetheunrestinJisralShughurand
othertowns,accordingtotheUNandTurkishofficials.RefugeesstartedenteringTurkeyon
April29,accordingtotheUNHighCommissionerforRefugees(UNHCR).Buttheflowof
refugeeshasincreasedsharplythisweek.Morethan1,000peoplecrossedtheborderinthe
last24hours,theUNHCRsaidonThursday.

5. Findatleastonerecent(fromthepasttwoweeks)newsarticlethatisaboutormakes
referencetoyourcountry.
Article:TurkishdieinattackafterAnkaraExplosion
http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/18/middleeast/turkeyairstrikes/
Article:MilitarymovesTurkeyandSaudiArabiacloseranksonSyria
http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/analysis/2016/02/17/MilitarymovesTurkeyan
dSaudiArabiacloseranksonSyria.html
Article:SaudiArabiaconfirmssendingjetstoTurkey
http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middleeast/2016/02/14/SaudiArabiaconfirmssend
ingjetstoTurkey.html

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__

PS:Thesearegreatresources:
http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/
http://www.nationmaster.com/index.php
http://www.unausa.org/globalclassroomsmodelun/foreducators/resources/resourcelinks
http://bestdelegate.com/research/
http://www.unausa.org/unitednations

Youshouldalsoresearchthefollowing:
TheUnitedNationsCharter
TheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights
AmnestyInternational
TheCommissiononHumanRights
TheEuropeanUnion