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10% 90%

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Ach NE Ach
cholinergic NE adrenergic
cholinergicAch

adrenergic

Ach

AchNE

1. Acetylcholine receptors
muscarinic
nicotinic
Muscarine
Nicotine
muscarinic receptorsEffector cells
cholinergin neurons

Nicotinic receptors
synapse

2. Adrenergic receptors
12 12
3 EpinephrineNorepinephrine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
--adrenergic

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Autonomic Effects on Various Organs of the Body

Organ

Effect of Sympathetic Stimulation

Effect of Parasympathetic Stimulation

Dilated

Constricted

Pupil

Slight relaxationfar vision

Constrictednear vision

Ciliary muscle

Eye

Glands

Stimulastion of copious

Nasal

seretioncontaining many

Lacrimal

Vasoconstriction and slight Secretion

enzymes for enzyme-secreting

Parotid

glands

Submandibular

Gastric

Pancreatic
Sweat glands

Copious sweatingcholinergic

Sweating on plms of hands

Apocrine glands

Thick, odoriferous secretion

None

Blood vessels

Most often constricted

Most often little or no effect

1.Increased rate

1.Slowed rate

Muscle

2.Increased force of contraction

2.Decreased

Coronaries

3.Dilated2

Heart

Dilated

Bronchi

Dilated

Constrict

Mildly constricted

Dilated

Blood vessels

of

especially of atria

4.constricted

Lungs

force

contraction

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Gut

Decreased peristalsis and tone

Increased peristalsis and tone

Lumen

Sphincter

Increased tonemost tines

Relaxedmost tines

Glucose released

Slight glycogen synthesis

Liver

Gallbladder

and

bile

Relaxed

Contracted

Decreased output and rennin

None

ducts

Kidney

Bladder

Relaxedslight

Contracted

Contracted

Relaxed

Ejaculation

Erection

Contracted

None

Abdominal viscera

1. Contractedadrenergic

None

2. Dilatedadrenergic 2

Muscle

3. Dilatedadrenergic

Skin

Contracted

None

Coagulation

Increased

None

Glucose

Increased

None

Lipids

Increased

None

Basal metabolism

Increased up to 100%

None

Detrusor
Trigone
Penis

Systemic rterisles

Blood

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Adrenal

medullary

Increased

None

Increased

None

Contracted

None

1. Increased glycogenolysis

None

secretion

Mental

activity

Piloerector muscles
Skeletal muscle

2. Increased strength
Fat cells

Lipolysis

None

Adrenergic Receptors and FunctionAutonomic Receptors and Function

Alpha Receptor

Beta Receptor

Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation2

Iris dilation

Cardioacceleration1
Intestinal myocardial strength1

Intestinal relaxation

Intestinal sphincter contraction

Intestinal relaxation2

Pilomotor contraction

Uterus relaxation2

Bladder sphincter contraction

Bronchodilation2

Calorigenesis2
ATP
Glycogenolysis2
Lipolysis1
Bladder wall relaxation2
Thermogenesis3
ATP